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专题16阅读理解新闻报道及其它2024年Passage1【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butma

nyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,a

tleast.“Youenterthefaregates(检票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”say

sAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwa

ntanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”It’sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssin

cetheprogramwaslaunchedlastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwr

iterstolocalriders.“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,”Trostsays.“Andasofrightn

ow,we’vereceivedabout120submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.”Ri

dershipontransit(交通)systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshortstoriessavetransit?T

rostthinksso.“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillg

etmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,”shesays.Andyou’llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.4.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A.Topromotethelocalculture.B

.Todiscouragephoneuse.C.Tomeetpassengers’needs.D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.5.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?A.Bypopularity.B.Byleng

th.C.Bytheme.D.Bylanguage.6.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?A.Organizingastorycontest.B.Doingasurveyofcustomer

s.C.Choosingaprintpublisher.D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.7.WhatisTrost’sopinionaboutBART’sfuture?A.Itwillclosedown.B.Itsprofitsw

illdecline.C.Itwillexpandnationwide.D.Itsridershipwillincrease.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事

打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““Youenterthefaregates(检票口)andyou’llseea

kioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsoffice

rfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit-knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官AliciaTr

ost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌

来打发时间。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭

中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesfo

racontest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapubl

ishedartist.(获奖故事会进入我们的信息亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入售货亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据倒

数第二段““Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycan的toimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelyth

inkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,”shesays.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们

会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。Passage2【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Giventheastonishingpotenti

alofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligenc

ecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevo

lution(变革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thank

fully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.She

writesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich

,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbec

omemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeA

rtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopments

areexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.Campbell’s

pointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI-thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders-sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.She

explainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.Weneedtoconsiderhow

wewantourfuturewithAltopanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffec

tusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.12.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.

Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneun

academic.13.WhatisafeatureofAIbyDesignaccordingtothetext?A.Itispackedwithcomplexcodes.B.Itadoptsadown-to-earthwritin

gstyle.C.Itprovidesstep-by-stepinstructions.D.ItisintendedforAIprofessionals.14.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeopletodoregardingAIdevelopment?A

.Observeexistingregulationsonit.B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsaboutit.C.Makejointeffortstokeepitundercontrol.

D.Learnfrompriorexperiencetoslowitdown.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TorecommendabookonAI.B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.

C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【导语】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyD

esign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。【12题详解】

词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'profes

sionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinessper

sonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,wi

llmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容

丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。【13题详解

】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthe

practicalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformative

andwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的

角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒

数第二段“Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.(她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章

最后一段“WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreat

nessratherthanourdownfall.(我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发

展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallne

edtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.This

absorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).(考虑到人工智能改变我们

生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战

)”和文章最后一段“AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.(人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书

)”可知，本文主要介绍了CatrionaCampbell所著AIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智

能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。2023年阅读理解新闻报道Passage1【2023年全国甲卷】Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder

’sSophie’sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphil

osophy(哲学).ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeoplewhothinkthe

yunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou—andthentrytoexplainthem.EricWeiner’sTheSocratesEx

press:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butan

invitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext(背

景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSch

openhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookabourlearningtous

ephilosophytoimprovealife.Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences

,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdin

theprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimp

licityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisb

ook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.28.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyforth

eauthor?A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?A.TocompareWei

nerwiththem.B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner’sbook.30.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocra

tesExpress?A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.D.Itleavesanopenending.31.Whatdoes

theauthorthinkofWeiner’sbook?A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.D.Humorousands

traightforward.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明书评。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书TheSocratesExpress唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The

SocratesExpress这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder’sSophie’sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwer

enewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本JosteinGa

arder的《Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，JosteinGaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C

。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingthe

ycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.(W

einer在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可

知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四

段中“This,morethanabookaboutundestandingphilosophy,isabookabourlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更

是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢TheSocratesExpress这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Hemakesphilosopicalthoug

htanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这

件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindee

perthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.(TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单

易懂。故选D。Passage2【2023年浙江1月卷】Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicd

ebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion

.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thi

scanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem

.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesyst

emknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowha

tdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofr

ulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,t

alking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjustt

heoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputa

tion,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,

insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’sw

hy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.28．Whydoestheauth

ormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B．ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater

.C．TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D．Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“

wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A．Arguments.B．Doubts.C．Errors.D．Differences.30．WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordi

ngtoHammond?A．Createrules.B．Comprehendmeaning.C．Talkfluently.D．Identifydifficultwords.31．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．So

cialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B．Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C．Ancientphilosopherss

etgoodexamplesfordebaters.D．Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.【答案】28．B29．C30．B31．A【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名

为ProjectDebater的软件程序。28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterb

eatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为ProjectDebater的软件程

序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军NoaOvadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聪明。故选B。29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,Pr

ojectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindso

ferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(尽管ProjectDebater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“willnodoubtbeironedout(毫无疑问会被

解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestio

nofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itspr

ogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.(Ham

mond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的

。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，ProjectDebater不能理解意义，故选B。31．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomput

ation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insoc

ialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从

最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。2022年阅读理解新闻报道Passage1【2022年全国乙卷】In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamo

ndUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoS

mithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwiths

tringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoi

samagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however

,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsn

owontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Ins

pring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminis

m,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthro

ughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoi

cism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbeh

indthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,m

ice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Tow

riteabook.D.Todosightseeing.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwit

habathtub.CTheylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.6.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.Theli

vingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.7.Whatisthetext?A.Anew

sreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory.D.Adiaryentry.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了DorothyWickenden

的书籍并对其进行了评价。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondU

nderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.(1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——DorothyWoodruff和Rosamond

Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theymovedinwithaloc

alfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupint

hemorning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice

.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailr

oads,whichentaileddrilling.throughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻

穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.(

这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehe

rtosomebeautifulwriting.(Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进

行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。2020年阅读理解新闻报道Passage1【2020年新课标Ⅲ】When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,ag

roupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat

-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“T

hanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanim

als,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphic

stocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenho

tonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtab

sonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPart

Ⅱ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentofthe

animalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns

.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproduct

ionsfilmedintheStates.24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A.Toseefamousfilmstars.B.Toop

posewearingfurcoats.C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.25.Whatdoesparagraph2ma

inlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D.Theperformanceofrealapes.26.Whatd

oestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchi

ngcarefully.27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated.B.Theyshouldtakefurthertrai

ning.C.TheycouldbetradedillegallyD.Theywouldlosepopularity.【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有

使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead,oneactivis

t,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿

全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动

作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcom

putergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。26.词句

猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,i

ncluding"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactin

ginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织

，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。27.推理判断题。根据最后一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it

’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitored

ascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问

题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。Passage2【2020年新课标Ⅲ】Withtheyoungunabletoaffo

rdtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstr

aighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyV

ictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,but

RitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ri

tacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemst

oworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicate

sthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationsliv

ingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecom

mon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34

-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobea

bout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyr

ooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.28.Whomainlyusesthegr

oundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssha

ringthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.30.Whatistheauthor’ssta

tementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.31.Whatisthetext

mainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheU

K.【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。28.细节理解题。根据第三段“butRitaWhiteh

eadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使

用一楼。故选B项。29.推理判断题。根据第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommen

dit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。30.细节理解题。根据第六段“Officialreportssuggest

thatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方报告

显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%

in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭

总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),more

familiesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。Passage3【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷（山东卷）】Inthemid

-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattracte

dtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,howev

er,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKar

akalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonh

isway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha

,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessan

dwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodsw

hensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbythedus

tstorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makin

ghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAme

rican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineand

vividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation.B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hislo

veforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldiseas

e.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.10.Whi

chofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A

.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国

的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。8.细节理解题。根据第一段的”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturnedtoUzbekistant

owriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。9.词句猜测题

。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticlea

boutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。10.推理判断题。根据第三段”Thisis

aquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileo

nhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)follow

edbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既体会到

了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，MrBissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯

坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。11.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下

来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。Passage4【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ卷（海南卷）】InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirt

hdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,

asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwha

tturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃动）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandten

softhousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookth

atisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisboo

k,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飞机）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheackno

wledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,in

thisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconst

ructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withsee

minglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsome

newstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem

."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.8.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthd

ay?A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B.ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC.ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.9.Whichofth

efollowingisDrPetroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign..

C.NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.10.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Failurecanlead

toprogress.B.SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC.Failureshouldbeavoided.D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.11.Whatisthetext?A.An

ewsreportB.Ashortstory.C.AbookreviewD.Aresearcharticle.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C【解析】这是一篇书评。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原

谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty

.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedther

oadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderw

hatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在

桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故

选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimply

gotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstruc

tedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainand

again,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯

基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，

不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。

因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：Understanding

Failure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既

是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomen

ewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，

还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。2019年阅读理

解新闻报道Passage1【2019年浙江卷6月】Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAng

eleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.

"Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsg

aveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboar

dandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$2

0billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertai

nfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumber

tookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.Hea

ddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afteral

l,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingt

hehelpinghand.”24.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotle

gallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.25.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?A.Woment

endedtobemoresociable.B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.2

6.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?A.Todoatestonpeople’smorals.B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.C.Toearnhimselfag

oodreputation.D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情

。24.C【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段“ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwi

thpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，

拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故B选项正确。25.B【解析】推理判断题。由第二段““Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-econ

omic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinher

weddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿着

婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以通过泰勒·布里奇斯所说的，可以判断出，他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B选项正确。26.D【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Whiletheclipmight

looklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy”可知，尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分，但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。所

以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。故D选项正确。2018年阅读理解新闻报道Passage1【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】Whilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtol

eadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcell

entChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu

,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFeb

ruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).Hisofficeislocateda

ttheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.Thesty

leofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarch

itecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7mill

ionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorr

idors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wang’swork

sshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewty

peofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesa

tmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthin

gsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid."Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearn

ingWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWan

g.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandemp

ty,hesaid.28.Wang’swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare___________.A.followingthelatestworldt

rendB.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbeforeD.relyingonforeignarchitects29.Whati

mpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdi

versefunctions.30.WhatmadeWang’sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B.ThebalanceofE

astandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.31.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Prese

rvethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.【答案】28.B29.C30.D31.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍

在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。28.推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可

。故B项正确。29.细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。30.细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年

普利策奖的获得者TadaoAndo的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中Infact,traditionalsorefe

rstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。【点睛】根

据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据

表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据,推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知WangShu获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国

人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。2017年阅读理解新闻报道Passage1【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlyga

theredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrga

nization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethe

celebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudie

nceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.＂Jazzseemslikeit’snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,＂M

orantellsNationalPublicRadio’sreporterNealConan.＂WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttorec

onsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It’sactuallycolor,andit’sactuallydigital.＂Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthatt

heentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.＂Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocon

tinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,＂saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFa

tsWaller’smusicforadanceparty,＂justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,＂saysMoran.＂For

me,it’stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandho

wsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesight

thatthemusichasawidercontext,＂saysMoran,＂soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.＂28.WhydidUNESCOs

etApril30asInternationalJazzDay?A.Torememberthebirthofjazz.B.Toprotectculturaldiversity.C.Toencouragepeopletostudym

usic.D.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂that＂inparagraph3referto?A.Jazzbecoming

moreaccessible.B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D.Thejazzaudiencebe

cominglarger.30.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?A.Itwilldisappeargradually.B.Itremainsblackandwhite.C.Itshouldkeepupwiththeti

mes.D.Itchangesevery50years.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ExploringtheFutureofJazzB.TheR

iseandFallofJazzC.TheStoryofaJazzMusicianD.CelebratingtheJazzDay【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这

一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。JasonMoran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。28.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCu

lturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voicea

crosscultures.可知UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。29.C推理判断题。根据前文Despitethecelebrations,though

,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenera

tions可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangetha

t(JasonMoran的工作帮助改变了那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。30.C细节理解题。根据第五段中的Themusiccan’tbepresentedto

daythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame可知Moran认为现在爵士

乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。31.A标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲U

NESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。Passage2【2017年天津卷】Thismo

nth,Germany’stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆).Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuc

hcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“

deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddela

ythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(财产)damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishes

betweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar’smakerisrespon

sibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscar

sonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumers

andlawyers.“Theliability(法律责任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.Anas

sumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisn

otwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.”Me

ratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyauto

matedwithouthumanoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity

,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglau

nched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsol

utelynowherehere,”saysCalo.46.Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossi

ble.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear.47.TheproposalputforwardbyDobr

indtaimsto_____________.A.stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB.helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC.protectdriversofallagesan

dracesD.preventseriouspropertydamage48.Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A.Itshouldgettheattentionofin

surancecompanies.B.Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C.Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D.Itshouldinvolvenohumanr

esponsibility.49.Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein____________.A.SingaporeB.theUKC.theUSD.Germany50.Wha

tcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability?B.FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC.AutonomousVehicles:DriverR

emoved!D.DriverlessCars:RootofRoadAccidents【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡

和美国的不同前景。46.D【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第二段的句子thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture可知选D。47

.B【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段内容Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles…可知选B。48.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。

49.C【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicg

oodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.可知选C。50.A【解析】考查标题归纳。通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。