【文档说明】北京市延庆区2022届高三下学期第一次质量监测（一模）英语试卷.pdf，共(10)页，658.005 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-c478f0f5a222ded2d76d5c56c9959a27.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

zxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司延庆区2021-2022学年第二学期质量监测试卷高三英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项

，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。JoelBoyersandhiswife,MelodyAmong,wereheadinghomefromtheNashvilleairportaftershejustearnedherhelicopter’s(直升飞机)pilotlicensewhenhereceive

da1fromastrangerinPennsylvania.Thepersontoldhimthatmanypeopleweretrappedin2,60milesfromNashville.Boyers,41,lookedwestto

wardWaverlyandsawthestormclouds,“Noonewillfly...”Buteven3hefinishedthesentence,Boyersknewtheywouldgobac

kup.Soon,theywereintheair,4forwhattheywereabouttoexperienceinWaverly.AsBoyersflewthehelicopter,Amongsearchedforpeopl

estuckatoproofs,bridges,anywhereBoyerscouldlandhishelicopterandgetthemonboard.Suddenlyshe5agirlgraspingatr

eewhichwasbarelyoutofthewater.Onehandholdingatreebranch,theotherheldadogshe’drescuedearlier,shewascompletelywetand6.Sincetherewasn

oplaceforBoyerstoland,he7thehelicopteruntilitwasjustabovethewater.Withtherescuerope,Amonghelpedtheteenanddogaboard.Boyers8liftedoff.Avoiding

thetreeandpowerlines,he9offtheteenandthedogonasafestreet,thenbackintheair.Theirmissionended90minutesafteritbegan,whenprofessional

rescuehelicoptersshowedup.Thoughtheexperiencewas10,Boyersdidmakethisadmission“Itwasalmostalittlefun.”1.A.c

omplaintB.letterC.programD.call2.A.fogB.snowC.floodD.fire3.A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.since4.A.providedB.unpreparedC.lookedD.hoped5.A.pickedB.push

edC.guidedD.spotted6.A.exhaustedB.boredC.puzzledD.embarrassed7.A.placedB.loweredC.tookD.loaded8.A.slightlyB.hardlyC.q

uietlyD.carefully9.A.tookB.gotC.droppedD.laid10.A.frighteningB.excitingC.fascinatingD.boring第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，

根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOneday,Inoticedabirdflyinandoutoftheletterbox.LookingcloselyinsideIsawthatshe11(b

uild)anest.Afewweekslatershehadlaideggsandsat12(patient)onthem.Itriedopeningtheletterbox,13madethebirdangry.SoIgaveherpermissionandapeacefu

lstay.Inthezxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司followingweeks,threechickshatched.Aboutfourweekslaterher'14(baby)leftthene

standIwasabletoreclaimmypropertyandcleanouttheletterbox.BAmazoninvitedsomecustomerstopreviewthenewgrocerystoreformatdevelopedinCalifornia.TheAmazon

FreshstoreinWoodlandHills15(design)toreachabroaderpartofshoppersthanthepricierWholeFoodsMarketchain,16(

signal)itsintentiontobecomeasignificantplayerinthehugegrocerybusiness.ItalsomarksanewstagewhenAmazoncompeteswithlargergrocerychains,Walmar

t,whichexpandedfeaturesandservicestomakeshopping17(convenience).CTaoXingzhiproposed“unityofteaching,learningandreflectiveacting.”AsaChineseedu

cator,hewascalledthe“teacherofteachers”.18(bear)inAnhuiprovincein1891,TaostudiedatColumbiaUniversity,US,in1914.Therehe

studiededucationalphilosophy19theguidanceofJohnDewey,aneducationalreformer.20hereturnedtoChina,hebeganhisowncareer.ForTao,education

isanactiveprocessinreal-lifeexperienceratherthanoneoftellingandbeingtold.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题

2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选顼中，选出最佳佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AVolunteerabroadwiththeUNAreyoureadytobecomeaninternationalUNVolunte

er?Youcancontributeyourtime,skillsandknowledgethroughvolunteeringwiththeUN.Thisisanopportunitytocreateapositiveimpactandbeasignificantforcefo

rachievingpeaceanddevelopment.Makeadifferencetothelivesofmany!WhyvolunteerwiththeUN●InternationalUNVolunteersp

romotepeaceanddevelopmentincommunitiesaroundtheglobe,whileupholdingtheidealsandambitionsoftheUnitedNations.●InternationalUNVolunteer

scomefrom160countries,representingmanyculturesandbackgrounds.Theybringawidevarietyofviewpointsandapproac

hes.●YourinternationalUNVolunteerassignmentwillmakealastingimpact.Itcancreatearippleeffectthatextendsfarbeyondtheimmediateresultsofyourefforts.●As

aninternationalUNVolunteer,youwilllearnaboutdifferentcultures,expandyournetworks,studyforeignlanguagesandgainmatchlessprofessionalandlifeexper

iences.Requirements●TheminimumrequirementstoserveasaninternationalUNVolunteerare:25yearsoldandolder(nouppe

ragelimit):universitydegreeorhighertechnicaldiploma;●Atleasttwoyearsofrelevantworkexperienceinaprofess

ionalbackground;goodworkknowledgeofEnglish,SpanishorFrench;●Commitmenttothevaluesandprinciplesofvolunteer

ism;abilitytoworkinamulticulturalenvironment;willingnesstoworkwithpeopleandlocalorganizations;zxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司●A

bilitytoadjustindifficultlivingconditionsandsometimesremotelocations;stronginterpersonalandorganizationalskills.ConditionsofSer

vice●internationalUNVolunteerassignmentsgenerallyrunforsixto12months,withthepossibilityofextendingfo

ronetotwoyears.●Short-termassignmentsarealsorequestedbyourpartnersfromtimetotime.InternationalUNVolunteersareentitledtocertainallowances

.●Allowancesareinnowaytobeunderstoodasacompensation,rewardorsalaryinexchangeforthevolunteerwork.●Thepurposeofallowancesforvolunteersistoenabl

ethemtosustainasecurestandardoflivingintheirdutystations.21.AsaninternationalUNVolunteer,youcan______.A.Promotepeaceandde

velopmentofUNB.affectUNimmediatelyC.obtainprofessionalexperiencesD.teachforeignlanguages22.Accordingtothepassage,applica

ntsarerequiredto______.A.beatmost25yearsoldB.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.holdauniversitydegreeintechnologyD.adapttodifficultli

vingenvironment23.Whatcanhelpvolunteerstomaintainasecurestandardofliving?A.Assignments.B.Allowances.C.Commitment.D.Knowledge.BTheBookL

adyItwasJenniferWilliams’smotherwhogotherhookedonbooks.Alibrarian,shereadtoherthreechildreneveryday.“Notuntilwewenttokinder

garten,”Williamstoldvadogwood.com,alocalnewssite.“Untilwewenttocollege.”WhenWilliams,now54,becameanelementaryscho

olteacherandtutorinDanville,Virginia,shewantedherstudentstofallinlovewithreadingjustasshehad.Butearlyon,sherealizedth

atsomekidshadlimitedaccesstobooks.“'It’sveryobvioustoteachersofyoungchildrenwhichkidsareperformedsongsandcreatingahugebodyofworkthatwastheenvyofanyo

neduringtherockera.HewasalsoabiginfluenceintheCivilRightsMovementattthemomentwhenblackmusicwasbecomingpopular

.Hishome,Graceland,zxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司alsobecamealandmark.Afterhisdeath,countlessfansfromaroundtheworldvisit

thefamousresidenceeveryyear.FigureslikePresleyhelpedcreatetheimageofthe“rockstar”asaculturaliconinAmer

ica.Inthemid-20thcentury,singersandmusiciansbecamesuperstarsduetothewiderdistributionofmusicandthepost-

wareconomicgrowth,whichledtomuchmorefreetimeandincomeforAmericanfamilies.Therebellious(叛逆的)rockstarsinspiredthemtocreatet

heirown,moreliberatedidentityoutsidetheculturalnorms(准则)inthe1950s.ColorfulfigureslikePresleyinfluencedanentiregenerationofAmericans.24.Wha

tdoweknowaboutPresleyasayoungboy?A.Hehadagiftformusic.B.Hisfamilywasrich.C.Hereceivedaguitarin1953.D.Hisfamil

ydidn'tsupporthisdream.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onaroll”inParagraph2mean?A.Busywithwork.B.Successfu

lincareer.C.Attractivetofans.D.Includedinarankinglist.26.WhatdidfigureslikePresleybringinthe1950s?A.Alossofidentity.B.Thegrowthofeconomy.C

.Achallengetostandards.D.Achangeinsocialstatus.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RockandRollandItsOri

gin.B.ElvisPresleyandHisInfluence.C.TheInfluentialFiguresinRockandRoll.D.TheUpsandDownsofElvisPresley’sLife.CFarmed

fishshouldhavethesamelegalprotectionasotherfannedanimals,accordingtoananimalwelfaregroup.TheConservativeAnimalW

elfareFoundation,whichhasCarrieJohnsonasasupporter,saysfishdeservetobetreatedwiththesamecareascows,pigs,sh

eepandotherlivestockbecausetheyexperiencestressandpainThefoundationisfocusingonimprovingfishwelfareduringsl

aughter(屠宰)becausethatiswherethebiggestdifferencesinprotectionlie.Slaughterhousesforlandanimalsarerequiredtohaveavetonsiteandmusthaveclo

sed-circuittelevisioninallareaswhereanimalsarchandled,stunnedandkilled,withfootagesoughtforindependentinspecti

on.Suchlegalrequirementsdonotapplytofishslaughterfacilities,whicharenotsubjecttoroutinewelfareinspectionsbypublicbodies.TheUKindustry,which

rearsupto80millionfishayear,hasinsteadadoptedvoluntarycodesofpractice.AreportbythefoundationcitesevidenceofabusesoffishrevealedlastyearbyTheTim

es.Astunningmachineatthefirm’splantatAmishontheIsleofLewisfailedtomakethemunconsciousandworkersusedtheirfi

ngerstotearthegills(鳃)andstruggledtokeepupwiththevolumeoffishwrigglingontheunit.Fishwerethrownandkickedastheystruggledonthegroundin2020atTestVa

lleyTroutFanninginHampshire,whichsuppliedtheRitzandHarrods.Fishconsideredunprofitableweredroppedonthefloor

andlefttodie.Thecompanysaidthetreatmentofthefishwasunacceptableanditzxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司operatedunder“thebestindustrystandardsavailable”.Thef

oundation’sreportreferstothefindingsofthegovernment’sFarmAnimalWelfarecommittee,whichsaidina2014opiniononfishwelfarethat“atleastsomespeci

es,includingtrout,haveasensoryexperienceofpain”aswellas“adegreeofsense”.Studieshaveshownthatfishfeelpainandchangetheirbehaviourt

oavoidit.Inonestudy,goldfishweregivenanelectricshockinanareaofatankwheretheyreceivedfood.Theyavoidedthatareaforthreedaysbeforehungerovercametheirfea

r.ThefoundationreportstatesthattheUKgovernmentisfailingaquaticanimalsdismallyandcallsforunannouncedwelfareinspectionsoffishslaughterhousesandsay

stheyshouldberequiredtoinstallclosed-circuittelevision,withfootagereviewedbypublicbodies.28.Whatcanweprovideforthefarmedfish?A.Comfort

ableplace.B.Lesspain.C.Enoughfood.D.Gentlelove.29.Asforthesituationofthefarmedfish,thefoundationis______.A.concernedB

.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30.What’sthepurposeofthisarticle?A.Toencouragepeopletotreatfishkindly.B.Torevealtheevidenceo

fabusesoffish.C.Toappealfortheimprovementoffishwelfare.D.Toexplainhowfishexperiencepainduringslaughter.

D“After30yearsofreadingcardiograms(心电图),Icannevertellwhetherit’sfromamanorwoman,ortheageoftheperson,”saidEricTopol,acardiologistfromScri

ppsResearchinLaJolla,California.“Amachinecandetectifapersonhasanaemia(贫血)orotherdifficultdiagnoses(诊断).”Topolisexcitednotonlyabouthowmachinesar

ealreadybetterthanexpertsatspottingproblems,buthowtheycandiscoverpatternsthatexpertswouldn’tevennotice.“InJap

an,doctorsareusingmachinevisiontopickuppolyps(息肉)inrealtime,anddetectingwhetherornottheycouldbecancerousandwhethertheyshouldhaveabiopsy

,”hesaid.“Machineswillnotreplacephysicians—butphysiciansmakinguseofAIwillsoonreplacethosenotusingit.”Stil

l,theseareearlydaysfortheapplicationofAIinhealthcare.PearseKeane,aconsultantdoctoratMoorreldsEyeHospital,hasbeenleadingacollaborationbetweenMoorfie

ldsandGoogle’sDeepMindHealth.In2018,hefamouslypublishedaproof-pf-conceptpaperinNatureshowingtheerstsuccessfulAIdiagnosis

foreyedisease.“Thealgorithmthatwe’vedevelopedisn’tinclinicaluseattheminute,sowe’retryingtoimplementthisnow,”Keanesa

id.KeanementionedtheINSIGHTstudy,whichislookingintoeyediseaseanditslinktootherconditionssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病).“

Weareusingtheeyeasawindowtotherestofthebody.Withdeeplearning,wecannowlookataretinal(视网膜)photographandsay:‘Thisisawoman,she’s58ye

arsold,she’snotasmokeroradiabetic,herBMIisaround25,andherbloodpressureisaround150over85’.Now,tome,that’sstaggering.”Keanesaid.T

heINSIGHTstudyidanalysingmorethanthreemillionOCTscansfromaround300,000patients.zxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司“Wenowknow,foreverypersonhavinghadareti

nalscanhere,who’sgoneontodevelopaheartattackordiabetes,”hesaid.“Thereasonwhywe’reexcitedisthatwethinkthatifwecangettheappropriatedataset

sandlearnthemdeeply,wecanfindmuchmoreinthebackoftheeyeaboutthehealthoftherestofthebody.”“TheapplicationofAIforhealthcareandmedici

neisaboutprecisionandaccuracy,butthat’snotall,”saidTopol.ThemostimportantaspectishowAIcanpromoteastrongerhumanconnectionbetween

doctorandpatient.“Weseepatientsinsingledigitnumbersofminutes.Andthat’snotenough,youneedthegiftoftime,whichAIcangiveback,”hesaid.“Nestyearthiswil

lbethestandard,”hebelieves.“Ratherthandoctorsbeingdataclerks,theywillbemakingeyecontactwithpatients,here’snoalgor

ithmforempathy.That’sahumancharacteristicthatwehavetodevelopandgetbackinthewayitusedtobe.”31.AccordingtoTopo

l,machinesinhealthcare______.A.canpickuppolypsB.willreplacedoctorsC.arealreadybetterthanexpertsD.candiscoverifapatienthasdiseases32.Inp

aragraph4,Keanementionedaretinalphotographofapatientmainlyto______.A.evaluatetheeffectsofAIinhealthc

areB.introduceapatient’spersonalinformationC.explainhowdeeplearningdetectsdiseasesD.showthepresentoutcomeofAI’sapplication33.Whatcanwel

earnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.AIhasbeenthestandardofsomeadvancedhospitals.B.AIcanimprovetherelationshipbetweendo

ctorsandpatients.C.Withdeeplearning,theresearcherscanfindthesecretsoftheeye.D.Doctorswillspendmoretimeonface-to-facecommunicati

onwithpatients.34.Whatdocsthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheAI’sapplicationondiagnosis.B.SuccessfulAIdiagnosisforeyedisease.C.Thegreatclinicalprogres

sindeepEarning.D.TheimpactofAIonpromotinghumanconnection.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项

，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Stareatablankwallinanyroom,andyouareunlikelytolearnmuchmorethanthepaintcolor.Butanewtech

nologycaninconspicuouslyscanthesamesurfaceforshadowsandreflections.35Buttheycanbegotbyonetoolandanalyzedtodeterminedetails

includinghowmanypeopleareintheroom—andwhattheyaredoing.Thistoolcouldgatherinformationfromapartialviewofaspace.

Itcanspyonactivityfromaroundacomer.36Aspeoplemovearoundaroom,theirbodiesblockaportionofanyavailablelighttocreatedelicateandindistin

ct“softshadows”onwalls.37Butthesefaint(微弱的)signalsareusuallydrownedzxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司outbythemainsourceofenvironmen

tlight.“Ifweneglectwhateverweareobserving,youwouldjustbeleftwithcameranoise—andsignal,”saysPrafullShanna,a

graduatestudentattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Shannaandotherresearchersdidtheexperimentbyfilmingawallinaroomasitsoccupantsmovedaroundan

daveragingtheframesovertime.38Thentheteamfedthevideosintoamachine-learningmodeltoteachitwhichsoftshadowpatternsindicatedwhichbehavior.Theresultings

ystemcanautomaticallyanalyzefootageofablankwallinanyroominrealtime,determiningthenumberofpeopleandtheiractions.39Itcanreg

isteronlygroupsizesandactivitiesforwhichithasbeentrained,anditrequiresahigh-resolutioncamera;astandarddig

italcameracreatestoomuchbackgroundnoise,andsmartphonecameraresultsareevenworse.A.Thetechnologyisthoughtadvanced.B.Thesecan’tbecaughtbyt

hehumaneye.C.Theyrecordedvariousactivitiesofthepeopleintheroom.D.Brightlycoloredclothingcanevencastaligh

treflectedglow.E.Italsocanmonitorsomeonewhoavoidsacamera’slineofsight.F.Thesystemisconsideredauniqueandwonderf

uldiscoverybycameraspecialists.G.Althoughthissystemcanfunctioninanyroom,itperformspoorlyindimlighting.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第4

3题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。TipsforDealingwithSeasonalAffectiveDisorderSeasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD)isa

typeofdepressionthatsetsinorstartsinthewintermonths.Unlikeothertypesofdepression,itmayimproveasspringcomeson.Iti

softenaperiodicrecurringdisorder—you’llfeeldepressedeverywinterandbegintofeelbettereachspring.SADdepressioniscausedbyl

oweredlevelsofserotonin(血清素),themood-affectingbrainchemicalthatiscausedbyseasonalchangesindaylight.Shorterdaysmayalsodisruptthebody’sbiolog

icalclock,whichupsetsthebalanceofmelatonin(褪黑激素),thehormonewhichregulatesmoodandsleeppatterns.Seasonalaffectivedisorderisfarmorecommoninnortherncli

mates,wheredayscanbeveryshortinwinter.SADaffectsmorewomenthanmenandismorelikelytooccurinpeopleunderage40thanthoseolderthanthat.Althoughanyamountofout

doorlightcanhelpraiseserotoninlevels,gettinglightinthemorningseemstoofferthemostbenefit.Iftheweatherpermits,takea

walk.Inyourhomeoroffice,trysittingclosetoawindowthatfacessouth.Replacinglightbulbsinyourhomewithfullspectrumlightbulbscanhelpbecausetheygiveoutli

ghtsimilartosunlight.StudieshaveshownthatincreasingyourexerciseroutinecancounteractSAD.Exerciseraiseslevelsofserotonin.Moderateexer

cise,whichmeansneithertoomuchnortoolittleexercise,suchaswalking,ridingastationarybikeorswimmingisagreatwaytogetstarted.Butanyactivitiesthatra

iseyourheartzxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司rate,includingdailychores,canhelp,especiallyifyoucandothemoutdoorsorneara

sunnywindow.Yoga,joggingandTaichicanallhelpliftyourmood.Year-endpanicreferstotheself-blameandoverallfe

elingofpanicbroughtaboutbytheapproachoftheyear’send,oftenduetoapoorfinancialyearandpressurefromworkand

family.Psychologicalexpertssuggestthatweshouldavoidpeercompetition.While.Iflife,onceonapath,wetendtof

ollowit,forbetterorworse.What’ssadisthatevenifit’sthelatter,weoftenfollowacertainpathanywaybecauseweareusedtothew

aythingsarethatwedon’tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.Psychologistscallthisphenomenonfunctionalfixedn

ess.Thisclassicexperimentwillgiveyouanideaofhowitworks—andasenseofwhetheryoumayhavefallenintothesametrap:Peoplearegivenaboxoftacks(大头钉)andsomematc

hesandaskedtofindawaytoattachacandletoawallsothatitburnsproperly.Typically,thesubjectstrytackingthecandletothewallorlightingittofixitwithme

ltedwax(石蜡).Thetacksaretooshort,andthecandledoesn’tfastentothewall.Sohowcanyouaccomplishthetask?Thesucc

essfultechniqueistousethetackboxasacandleholder.Youemptyit,tackittothewall,andstandthecandleinsideit.Tothinkofthat

,youhavetolookbeyondthebox’susualroleasacontainerjustfortacksandreimagineitservinganentirelynewpurpose.Th

atisdifficultbecauseweallsuffer—toonedegreeoranother—fromfunctionalfixedness.Theinabilitytothinkinnewwaysaffectspeopleineverycornerofsoci

ety.ThepoliticaltheoristHannahArendcoinedthephrasefrozenthoughtstodescribedeeplyheldideasthatwenolongerquestionbutshould.InArendt’seyes,thec

omplacentrelianceonsuchaccepted“truths”alsomadepeopleblindtoideasthatdidn’tfittheirworldview,evenwhe

ntherewasampleevidenceforthem.Frozenthinkinghasnothingtodowithintelligence,shesaid,“Itcanbefoundinhighlyintelligentpeople.”Anothercontextinwhi

chfrozenthinkingcanturntrulydangerousismedicine.Ifyoulandinthehospital,it’snaturaltowanttobetreatedbythemostex

periencedphysiciansonstaff.Butaccordingtoa2014studyintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation(JAMA),you’dbebetteroffbeingtreatedbyther

elativenovices.40.Whatdoes“functionalfixedness”mean?41.Howisthecandleattachedtothewall?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfa

lseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainway.FrozenthinkingiscommonamongordinarypeopleaswellasthosewithhighIQ

althoughfrozenthinkinghasmuchtodowithintelligence.43.Howcanyouavoidfrozenthoughtsinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假定你是李华。你的外国朋友Jim发来邮件

祝贺第24届冬奥会在你的家乡举行，并询问东奥期间给你留下印象最深刻的事件或人物。请你给他回复邮件。内容包括：1.表达感谢；2.介绍一件事或一个人。zxxk.com学科网（北京）股份有限公司注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dea

rJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100

.com