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2025学年鹤壁市高中高二上学期开学摸底考英语试题注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号等在答题卡上填写清楚。2.每道选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂

其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作

答的答案无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最

佳选项。AAboutSalonWhatwedoSalonhasdriventhenationalconversationsince1995throughfearlessjournalismdistributedacrossSalon.com,SalonTV,soci

almedia,newsplatforms,emailnewslettersandmobileapps.Weprovidethoroughanalysisandleadin-depthconversations;weenter

tainmentourreaders,challengeconventionalwisdomandcelebrateinnovationwithhumanity.Salon’saward-winningcontent,includingourflags

hipshow“SalonTalks”,reachesanaudienceofabout10millionmonthlyuniquevisitors.Becomeamember!Benefits:Complete

lyad-free;Accesstomembers-onlynewsletters;Bookmarkarticlesandrecipes;Night-visionmode.$9.95PERMONTH$95PERYEAR(Subscribe)(Subscri

be)ContactMediaInquiriesMembersofthepressandbookers:Ifyou’dliketospeaktoarepresentativeofSalonforanarticleor

bookamediaappearance,pleaseemailusatpress@salon.com.◇EditorialContactsandSubmissionsSeeourSubmissionspagetocontactoureditorsw

ithwriterpitches(作家推介)andstorysubmissions.Forgeneraleditorialfeedback,contactErinKeane,ChiefContentOfficer,atekeane@salon.

com.◇CorrectionsSalonaimstopublishaccurateinformationatalltimes.IfyouthinkSalonhaspublishedsomethinginerror,pleaseemailusatread

ermail@salon.com.◇SharingandSyndicationNewspapers,magazines,websites,bookpublishersandbroadcastmediashouldemail

usatsyndication@salon.com.Requestsmustincludethearticle,title,writer’snameandyourintendeduse.Salon’sprogressive,independentjo

urnalismgrowswithyoursupportWeneedyoursupporttostayindependent—fromtheimpactsofalgorithms(算法)andadmarkets,andfromthehandful

ofbigmediacompaniesandbillionairesthatnowownmostU.S.mediaoutlets.Withmoremembers,wecanpursuethereportingandanalysisthatyouneedmost.1

.WhatcanweknowaboutSalon?A.Ithasahistoryofoverthreedecades.B.Itmainlyfocusesonentertainmentcontent.C.Itisanoutstandingdigitalmediachanne

l.D.Itprovidesmembers-onlynewslettersforregularvisitors.2.WhataddresswillbeusedifathirdpartywantstoshareSalon’sarticl

e?A.press@salon.com.B.ekeane@salon.com.C.readermail@salon.com.D.syndication@salon.com.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toin

troduceSalon’srecentprogress.B.Toencouragemoreusersubscriptions.C.ToinformreadersofSalon’soperation.D.Topromoteaneweditorialteama

tSalon.BEarlierthismonth，6-year-oldlsaacwentonvacationtoFortWalton，Florida，withhisfamily.Whilethere，hismotherGarrettlearnedaboutLulu

，arestaurantthatoffersfoodtocustomerswithfoodallergies(过敏症).AtLuLu，Isaaccouldeatasaladandroastchickenwithri

ce.“lsaaclookedatmeasifhewasaskingme，Isthisok？”Garrettsaid.OncehismomgavetheOK，Isaacenjoyedforthefirsttimet

heexperienceoforderingandeatingatarestaurant.”“Thatlookonhisfaceseemedtoshowthatthiswasthecoolestthinghehadeverdone.”Garrettsaid.Garrettandherf

amilyrarelyeatoutbecauseofIsaac’sfoodallergies.Whentheydo,shecookssomethingforIsaacathomebeforetheyleaveandbringsitwithhertotherestaurant.“I

t’snotfunanditfeelsunfair,”shesaid.TheirnightatLulumarkedacelebrationforlsaac.Isaacfeltterriblyfulfill

edbecauseofeatingattherestaurant.Garrettsharedthemomentontherestaurant'sFacebookpagetothankthemforhelpingherson.“Thankyoufromthebottomofmyheartforgi

vinghimthisexperience.”shewroteinherpost.Barnett，therestaurant'smanagersaid，“Whencustomerstellthestaffthatsomeoneintheirgrouphasafoo

dallergy，Ihelpwiththeorderbypassingittothekitchen，ensuringit'scookedinaseparatestationandofferingthefinishedfoodtoth

eguests.Wehavebeenimprovingthisprocessoverthelast10yearssinceourallergyprogramwasstarted.”OnGarrett'sFace

bookpost，LuluthankedGarrettforsharingherstory.“Thankyouforsharingyourexperiencewithus.”therestaurantwroteinacomment.“Weareexcitedtoseeyoursonso

happy！”Garrettishopingherpost'spopularitywillmakeotherrestaurants，especiallytheplacesnearherfamily'shomeabou

t30minutesawayfromMashville，providesuchaservice.”Luluoffersqualityservicestotheguestswithfoodallergies.Nothingwouldma

keushappierthanthat.”Shesaid.4.WhydoGarrettandherfamilyhardlyeatoutatrestaurants?A.Becausetheyareonalowincome.B.Bec

auseGarrettlikescookingherself.C.BecauseIsaaceasilysuffersfromfoodallergies.D.Becausetheyconsiderthefoodinrestaurantsunhealthy.5.WhatdoesGarrettusua

llydowhenherfamilygotoeatatarestaurant?A.Sheleaveshersonaloneathome.B.Sheorderssomespecialfoodforherson.C.Sheletshersonchoosehisfavorited

ishes.D.Shepreparessomefoodforhersonaheadoftime.6.WhatwillBarnettdowhenguestswithallergiescometodinner?A.He

willhelpthemorderfood.B.Hewillofferservicestothemfirst.C.Hewillprovideprivateroomforthem.D.Hewillintroducetheirallergyprogram.7.WhatmovedGa

rrettdeeply?A.LuLu'sresponsetoherpost.B.Herson'sexperienceatLuLu.C.LuLu'sconcernfortheguestswithallergies.D.Moreresta

urants'followinginLuLu'ssteps.COverthelast40years,90%oftheKingPenguins(企鹅)onafarawayislandhavebeenlost.Thisisespeciallyworryingbecauseitwasthe

largestgroupofKingPenguinsintheworld.Penguinslivinginlargegroupsarecalled“colonies”.Andabouthalfoftheworld'sKingPenguinsliveintheC

rozetislands,whichliebetweenAntarcticaandthetipofAfrica.In1982,thescientistsvisitedthecolonyononeoftheCrozetislands—thePigI

sland.Atthattime,theyfiguredthattherewerearound2millionKingPenguinsthere.Butnow,aftercarefullystudyingimagestakenfromspace,thescient

istsbelievethereareonlyabout200,000KingPenguinsleftontheisland.Thescientistsaretryingtofigureoutwhatmighthavecausedtheprob

lem.Therearesomepartsthattheyunderstand.Forexample,itgotverywarmin1997.Thatmeantthepenguinshadtoswimmuchfarthertogetto

thecolderwaterwheretheycouldfindtheirfood.Manypenguinscouldn'tfindenoughfoodtofeedtheirbabies.ThatyearwasahardyearforthepenguinsallaroundAntartica,a

ndmanydied.It'spossiblethattherewassomekindofsicknessjustonthePigIsland.It'salsopossiblethatthepenguinscouldhaveproblems

withthecatsormicewhicharealsoontheisland.Buttherearecatsandmiceontheotherislands,andthepenguinsthereseemtobeingoodcond

ition.Beforethisnews,peoplethoughttheKingPenguinswerefine.Now,thescientistsareworriedthattheymaybeindanger.Anditw

illprobablygetworsebecauseofclimatechange.ThescientistsareplanningtotraveltothePigIslandtocountthepeng

uinsagainandtofindoutwhatisgoingon.Buttheywon'tbeabletomakethetripuntilthisautumn.8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCrozetislandsfromthe

secondparagraph?A.Twomillionpenguinslivetherenow.B.TheyarethelargestislandsinAfrica.C.TheyarehometotheKingPenguins.D.Peopledisco

veredtheislandsin1982.9.Howdidthewarmweatherin1997affectthepenguins?A.Theycouldfeedmorebabies.B.Theyswamslowlyinthewat

er.C.Theygrewupinafasterway.D.Theyhaddifficultyingettingfood.10.Whatarethescientistsgoingtodoaboutthepenguins?A.St

udytheirimagestakenfromspace.B.Explorewhatthreatenstheirlife.C.Makethemliveindifferentgroups.D.Protectthemfromcatsandmice.11.Whic

histhemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ASharpDropinPenguins'NumberB.TheWonderlandoftheKingPenguinsC.ATeam'sJourneytotheSouthPoleD.TheMajor

ChangeinGlobalClimateDWaterpoisoningiscausedbytoomuchconsumptionofwaterduringashortperiodoftime.Waterinandofitselfisnotpoisonous

byanymeans,butrapidintakeofalargequantityofwatercanbreakthecarefulbalanceofsodium(钠)inthebodyfluids(体液).Thiscontributestoaswellingofthecells,oftenint

hecentralnervoussystem,includingthebrain.Whenthecellscannolongerbearthepressure,theycanbegintodie.This

isindicatedinseriousformsofwaterpoisoning.Symptomsofthisconditionincludevomiting,headacheandunresponsiveness.Whenthesodiuminthebloodfalls

todangerouslevels,braindamageandpossiblydeathmayoccur.Whatisafatal(致命的)amountofwatercanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonone’sstateofheal

th,hisorherphysicalactivityatthetime,thetemperatureandtheamountoftimeinwhichthepersonconsumesthewater.Forsome,aone-timeconsumptionofthreeliterscanp

rovedeadly.Althoughthepersonconsumingthewatermaylosealotoffluidduringheavylabororexercise,theelectroly

tes(电解质)arenotreplacedfastenoughtoavoidwaterpoisoning.Thoseparticularlyatriskforwaterpoisoningareathletesengag

edinlongdistancerunninglikeamarathon.Duetotheneedtoreplacelargequantitiesoflostfluid,runnersmustdrinkalotofwater.This

canleadtopoisoning,sorunnersmustreplacetheirfluidswithsportsdrinksthathaveaddedelectrolytes.Otherfactorsthatcontributetowaterpoisoningincludea

ctivitiesthatstimulateheavysweating.Thepersonworkingunderextremeheatorintensehumidity(湿气)mustbecarefulwhenc

onsumingwaterinordertomaintainelectrolytebalance.Mentaldiseasescanalsoleadtowaterpoisoning.Psychogenicpolydipsiaisaconditioninwhichtheaffect

edpersonfeelsaneedtodrinkalotofwaterforunknownreasons.12.Whatharmdoeswaterpoisoningbring?A.Itcanaffectbrainfunction.B.Itdisturbsthebala

nceofsodium.C.Itcausesadropinbloodpressure.D.Ittendstomakeitsvictimsnervous.13.Whatcanweknowaboutproperamountofwatertodrink?A.Thre

elitersperdayisdeadly.B.Nosinglerulefitseveryone.C.Itdoesn’tbotherhealthypeople.D.Physicalactivityisitsdecisivefactor.14.Whowouldprobablyfal

lvictimtowaterpoisoning?A.Apatientsufferingfromstomachache.B.Alaborerworkingwithheavysweating.C.Anathle

tefondofdrinkingsportsdrinks.D.Ateenagerdoingappropriateexercisedaily.15.Whatmightbediscussedintheparagraphthatfoll

ows?A.Whathasbeenfoundaboutsportsdrinks.B.Whatelsecontributestowaterpoisoning.C.Whatarethesymptomsofwater

poisoning.D.Whatcanbedonetoavoidwaterpoisoning.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Howlongdoesittaketobecomeane

lite(精英)inyourfield?16That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.

Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.17Theresearchfocused

onpeoplelikeMozartandPicasso-todeterminehowlongittookthemtobecomeworld-classattheircraft.Let’stalkaboutwhatHayeshasdiscoveredaboutworld-

class-performers.Andmoreimportantly,let’sdiscusshowyoucanusetheseinsightstoachieveyourgoalsandbecomeyourbest.18Heanalyzedtho

usandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebecomesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebecomesworld

-class?”Eventually,Hayesdevelopedalistof500piecesof“masterworks”inthefield,whichwerecreatedbyatotalof76composers.text,Hayesmappedoutth

etimelineofeachcomposerscareer.19Whathediscoveredwasthatvirtuallyeverysingle“masterwork”waswrittenafterthetenthy

earofthecomposer’scareer.Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMoza

rthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.20Infollow-upstudies,Hayesfoundsimilarpatternsamongfa

mouspaintersandpopularpoets.ThesefindingshavebeenfurtherconfirmedbyresearchfromprofessorslikeK.AndersEricsson,whoproducedresearchthatrev

ealedthatyouneededtoputin“10,000hours”tobecomeaneliteorexpertinyourfield.A.Ittakestimetoachieveyourgoals.B.Andwhatdopeoplelikedoingintheirsp

aretime?C.Hehasstudiedthemosttalentedcreatorsinhistory.D.Hayesstartedhisresearchbyexaminingsuccessfulcomposer

sE.ProfessorHayesbegantorefertothisperiodasthe“tenyearsofsilence”.F.Andwhatdothesuccessfulpeopledodifferentlythantherestofus?G.

Andthenhecalculatedhowlongtheyhadbeenworkingbeforetheycreatedtheirpopularworks.第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；

每小题1分，满分15分)LeticiaGonzalezwantedtodosomethingspecialtoputsomeextramagicintoChristmas.Themotherhelpedhertwindaughters,LunaandG

ianella,crafttheperfect21toSantaClaus.Thegirlsthentiedtheirnotestoredballoonsand22them.Leticianeverthoughttheballoonswould23anyon

e.Butshewas24!ShegotaFacebookmessagethat25her.SomeonehadfoundLuna’snoteandballoon,andhewaslookingtomakeherday!AlvinBamburgliv

ed650milesawayfromtheGonzalez’shome.Hewasouthuntingonedaywhenhestumbled(绊倒)acrossthe26,andheknewhewantedto27SantaClausthemomenthereadtheletter.He2

8abouttheballoononFacebookseekinghelptofindtheletter-writingchild.Inhernote,Lunahadaskedforcandy,aSpider-Manball,a“Frozen”d

oll,andapuppy,andthe29manwasdeterminedtogethereverythingonherlist!WhenLeticiaheardthatAlvinwas30them,s

hemessagedhimonFacebook.31,abigpackagesoonarrivedforbothLunaandGianella.InsidewasnearlyeverythingonLuna’slist—t

imestwo!Later,Alvinlearnedhow32theywerewhenreceivingtheirgifts.Allhis33wereworthwhile.Thesetwofamiliesar

enow34,allbecauseofafar-reachingballoon!Theybecomegoodfriends.Whatawonderfulwaytomakea(n)35inthesesisters’livesandgivethe

mwonderfulmemoriesthey’llneverforget!21.A.presentsB.lettersC.commentsD.orders22.A.flewB.blewC.distributedD.delivered23.A.comfortB.controlC.

reachD.follow24.A.confusedB.nervousC.indifferentD.wrong25.A.surprisedB.embarrassedC.inspiredD.scared26.A.coverB.balloonC

.trapD.branch27.A.selectB.explainC.seekD.play28.A.heardB.arguedC.postedD.thought29.A.kindheartedB.braveC.

respectfulD.energetic30.A.caringaboutB.lookingforC.waitingforD.worryingabout31.A.GraduallyB.SecretlyC.UnexpectedlyD.Fortunately32.A.anx

iousB.thoughtfulC.humorousD.grateful33.A.servicesB.belongingsC.effortsD.campaigns34.A.encouragedB.linkedC.relievedD.separated35.A.differenceB.promise

C.decisionD.appointment第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。In2017,aChines

eantiquebowlfetched$38millionatauction(拍卖)—anewrecordforChineseporcelain(瓷器).Thoughitwasdescribedas“ahighlyimportantand36(extreme)rare”pie

ceofart,itwasashallowbowlthatwasusedinancientChina37(clean)calligraphyandpaintbrushes.WhyisChineseporcelainsoexp

ensive?Theanswerlies38theEuropeanobsession(痴迷)withChineseporcelain.LarsTharp,aChineseporcelainspecialist,setouttoexplorewhyChinesepor

celainwasso39(value).HetraveledtothemountainsideinwhichalmosteverysingleChineseexportvase,plateandcupbeganlifeinthe18thcentury—amounta

inknownasMountGaolin,from40namewegetthewordkaolin,orchinaclay.Hesawhowthechinaclay41(combine)withanothersubstance,mica,thatwouldturnitintoporc

elain.42(carry)hisownnewly-acquiredvase,LarsuncoveredsomesecretsofChina’sporcelaincapital,Jingdezhen.Hesawhow43tradebetweenChinaandEuropenotonlychan

gedourideaofwhatwasbeautifulbutalsoaffectedthewholetraditionofChineseaestheticstoo.Theporcelainfeverhasdrivenhigh44(consume)inthe

pasttenyears.TodayChina’srisingmillionaireclassarebuyingbacktheexportchinaonceshippedtoEurope.Thebowl45(sell)atauctionshowsthattheappeal

ofChineseporcelainisasstrongasever.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你校交换生Ryan在骑车上学的途中受伤。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.表示慰问；2.骑行安全建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80个

左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearRyan,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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urs,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Haveyoubroughtthefrogtoschool?”Iwhisperedexcit

edlytomyfriend,John.Itwasearlyinthemorningandmyfriends,John,TomandIwerealreadyinschool,discussingthepra

nk(恶作剧)weweregoingtoplayonourclassmonitor,Jane.Laughingquietly,Johnreachedforhisbag,openedthebagandshowedusthefroginhisbag.TomandI

couldn'tholdbackthelaughter,thinkingaboutwhatwouldhappen.Ring!Assoonasthebellrang,otherstudents,includingJane,hurriedoutoftheclassroom

.WehadplannedtoputafroginJane'sbagandscareherfortellingMsTan,ourheadteacher,thatwewereplayingintheclassroomwhentherewasnoteach

erinclass.“Thisshouldteachheralesson!”Ithought,smilingtomyself.Onceweweretheonlyonesleftintheclassroom,ItookthefrogfromJohn'sbag.Surveyingaroundtoma

kesurethatnoonewaswalkingpastourclassroom,IputthefrogintoJane'sbagsecretly.“PleasetakeoutthehomeworkIassignedyouyesterday,”MsTani

nstructedafterthebreak.Everyonestartedlookingthroughtheirschoolbagsfortheirhomework.Outofthecornerofmyeye,IspiedJanebendingdowntoopenherbag.Glanc

ingoveratTomandJohn,Isawthemcoveringtheirmouths,tryingtohidetheirlaughter.“Ahhh!Thereisafroginmybag!”Janescreamedasthefrog

leapt(跳)outofherbag.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Shejumpedontoherchairasshescreamedinhorror.___

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dedtotellthetruth._____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________________英语参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一

节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）A【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Salonhasdriventhenationalconversationsince1995throughfearlessjournalismd

istributedacrossSalon.com,SalonTV,socialmedia,newsplatforms,emailnewslettersandmobileapps.(自1995年以来，沙龙通过在Salon.com、沙龙电视、社交媒体、新闻平台、电子邮

件通讯和移动应用程序上发布无畏的新闻，推动了全国对话)”可知，Salon是一个杰出的数字媒体渠道。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据◇SharingandSyndication部分中“Newspapers,magazines,websi

tes,bookpublishersandbroadcastmediashouldemailusatsyndication@salon.com.(报纸、杂志、网站、图书出版商和广播媒体请发电子邮件至synd

ication@salon.com)”可知，如果第三方想要分享Salon的文章，将使用地址是syndication@salon.com。故选D。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Weneedyoursupporttostayindependent—fromtheimpacts

ofalgorithms(算法)andadmarkets,andfromthehandfulofbigmediacompaniesandbillionairesthatnowownmostU.S.mediaoutlets.Withmoreme

mbers,wecanpursuethereportingandanalysisthatyouneedmost.(我们需要你们的支持来保持独立——不受算法和广告市场的影响，不受少数拥有美国大多数媒体的大型媒体公司和亿万富翁的影响。有了更多的会员，我们可以继续进行您最需要的报告和分析)”可

知，文章最后一部分的目的是鼓励更多的用户订阅。故选B。B【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.C【解析】4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“GarrettandherfamilyrarelyeatoutbecauseofIsaac’sfooda

llergies.(Garrett和她的家人很少出去吃饭，因为Isaac对食物过敏。)”可知，Garrett和她的家人很少出去吃饭是因为Isaac易患食物过敏。故选C。5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“shecookssomethingforIs

aacathomebeforetheyleaveandbringsitwithhertotherestaurant.(在他们离开之前，她在家为Isaac烹饪了一些东西，并把它带到了餐馆。)”可知，家人外出吃饭时，Garrett经常为Isaac提

前准备一些食物。故选D。6.细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Barnett，therestaurant'smanagersaid，“Whencustomerstellthestaffthatsomeoneintheirgrouphasafoodallergy，I

helpwiththeorderbypassingittothekitchen，ensuringit'scookedinaseparatestationandofferingthefinishedfoodtotheguests.(餐厅经理Barnett说，“当顾客告诉员工，他们组里有人对

食物过敏时，我就帮忙点餐，把食物送到厨房，确保食物在另一个地方烹饪，然后把完成的食物提供给客人。”)”可知，如果有过敏的客人来吃饭，Barnett会亲自帮助他们点餐。故选A。7.推理判断题。根据文章最

后一段““Luluoffersqualityservicestotheguestswithfoodallergies.Nothingwouldmakeushappierthanthat.”Shesaid.

(“Lulu为食物过敏的客人提供优质的服务。没有什么比这更让我们高兴的了。”她说。)”可知，LuLu对过敏客人的关注深深地触动了Garrett。故选C。C【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】8.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“Andabouthalfoftheworld'sK

ingPenguinsliveintheCrozetislands,whichliebetweenAntarcticaandthetipofAfrica.”（大约一半的世界帝企鹅生活在位于南极和非洲尖端之间的克罗泽特群岛上。）可知，克罗泽特群岛是帝企鹅的家，故选C。9.细

节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子“Forexample,itgotverywarmin1997.Thatmeantthepenguinshadtoswimmuchfarthertogettothecolde

rwaterwheretheycouldfindtheirfood.Manypenguinscouldn'tfindenoughfoodtofeedtheirbabies.”（例如，1997年天气非常暖和。这意味着企鹅们必须

游得更远才能到达他们可以找到食物的冷水区。许多企鹅找不到足够的食物喂养他们的宝宝。）可知，1997年的暖冬使企鹅在获取食物上遇到了困难，故选D。10.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子“Thescientistsareplanningtotraveltothe

PigIslandtocountthepenguinsagainandtofindoutwhat”（科学家们计划再次前往猪岛计算企鹅的数量，并找出发生了什么。）可知，科学家们打算探索威胁企鹅生命的因素，故选B。11.主旨大意题。根

据第一段“Overthelast40years,90%oftheKingPenguins(企鹅)onafarawayislandhavebeenlost.Thisisespeciallyworryingbecauseitwasthelargestgroupo

fKingPenguinsintheworld.”（在过去的40年里，一个遥远岛屿上90%的王企鹅已经消失了。这尤其令人担忧，因为这是世界上最大的王企鹅群。）可知，文章主要讲述了在过去的40年里，远离人类居住地的一个岛上，90%的帝企鹅消失了

，科学家们正在努力寻找原因，并计划在秋天再次前往该岛进行调查。所以短文的标题为“企鹅数量急剧下降”。故选A项。D【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.D【解析】12.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Thisc

ontributestoaswellingofthecells,ofteninthecentralnervoussystem,includingthebrain.(这会导致细胞肿胀，通常在中枢神经系统，包括大脑。)”根据第二段“Whenthesodiuminthe

bloodfallstodangerouslevels,braindamageandpossiblydeathmayoccur.”（当血液中的钠降至危险水平时，可能会发生脑损伤，甚至死亡。）可知，水中毒会影响中枢神经系统，即影响大脑的功能。故选A。1

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Whatisafatal(致命的)amountofwatercanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonone’sstateofhealth,hisorherphysicalactivityatthetime,t

hetemperatureandtheamountoftimeinwhichthepersonconsumesthewater.(什么是致命的水量可能因人而异，具体取决于一个人的健康状况、他或她当时的身体活动、温度和人消耗水的时间。)”可知，合适的饮水量是没有

一定的规律的，因人而异，故选B。14.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Otherfactorsthatcontributetowaterpoisoningincludeactivitiesthatstimulateheav

ysweating.Thepersonworkingunderextremeheatorintensehumidity(湿气)mustbecarefulwhenconsumingwaterinordertomaintainelectrolytebalance.(导致水中毒的其他因素

包括刺激大量出汗的活动。在极端高温或强湿下工作的人在饮水时必须小心，以保持电解质平衡。)”可知，搬运工等剧烈出汗的人比较容易患上水中毒，故选B。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thoseparticularlyatriskforwaterpoisoningareathlete

sengagedinlongdistancerunninglikeamarathon.(那些特别容易发生水中毒的人是像马拉松一样进行长跑的运动员。)”以及“Mentaldiseasescanalsoleadtowaterpoisoning.Psychogenicpolydi

psiaisaconditioninwhichtheaffectedpersonfeelsaneedtodrinkalotofwaterforunknownreasons.(精神疾病也会导致水中毒。精神性多饮症是指受影响的人因未知原因感到需要大量饮水

的情况。)”可知推断接下来文章会讨论的是如何避免水中毒，故选D。第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）【答案】16.F17.C18.D19.G20.E【解析】16.上文“Howlongdoesittaket

obecomeanelite(精英)inyourfield?(成为你所在领域的精英需要多长时间？)”以及下文“That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieM

ellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.(这正是卡内基梅隆大学认知心理学教授JohnHayes想要知道的)”说明JohnHayes想要知道需要多久能成为所在领域的精英。空处和前文并列提出关于精英的问题，并引出下文。F项“成功人士与我们其他人有什

么不同之处？”符合语境。故选F。17.上文“Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.(几十年来，海斯一直在研究努力、实践和知识在

优秀员工中的作用)”说明Hayes教授多年研究顶尖表现者所付出的努力、练习和知识的作用。空处顺接前文，继续说明他的研究特点或范围，并引出下文。C项中的He指代前文中的Hayes，“themosttalentedcreators”和下文中的“peoplelike

MozartandPicasso”相呼应，所以C项“他研究了历史上最有才华的创作者。”符合语境。故选C。18.下文“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralques

tionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebecomesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebecomesworld-class?”(他分析了1685年至1900年间创作的数千首乐曲

。推动他工作的核心问题是，“一个人对音乐感兴趣多久后，他才能成为世界级的？”)”说明本段主要介绍了JohnHayes研究了世界级表演者，以及如何利用这些见解实现目标。所以D项“海斯的研究始于考察成功的作曲家”符合语境，适合引出本段，该项中的“b

yexaminingsuccessfulcomposers”和下文中的“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpieces”相呼应。故选D。19.上文“Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachcomp

oserscareer.(海斯为每一位作曲家的职业生涯绘制了时间表)”说明Hayes绘制了每位作曲家的职业生涯时间线。空处顺承上文，进一步描述他之后的分析步骤。G项中的they指代前文中的“composers”，说明JohnHayes计算了他们创作流行作品之前工作了多长时间。

所以G项“然后他计算了他们创作流行作品之前工作了多长时间。”符合语境。故选G。20.上文“Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpra

cticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.(没有一个人在不先投入十年实践的情况下创

作出令人难以置信的作品。即使是像莫扎特这样的天才，也必须工作至少十年才能创作出受欢迎的作品)”说明几乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家职业生涯的第十年后产生的。空处对前面的现象进行总结性命名。E项中的“thisperiod”指代前文中的“workfora

tleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular”，所以E项“海斯教授开始将这段时期称为“沉默的十年”。”符合语境。故选E。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)【答案

】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B31.C32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】21.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位母亲帮助她的双胞胎女儿，Luna和Gianella给圣诞老人写

一封完美的信。A.presents礼物；B.letters信；C.comments评论；D.orders订单。根据“andheknewhewantedtoSantaClausthemomenthereadtheletter.”可知，这

里指双胞胎分别给圣诞老人写了一封“信”。故选B。22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，女孩们把纸条绑在红色气球上，放飞它们。A.flew飞；B.blew吹；C.distributed分配；D.delivered递送。根据“T

hegirlsthentiedtheirnotestoredballoons”和常识可知，纸条绑在气球上会“飞”走。故选A。23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Leticia从没想过气球会飞到别人那里。A.

comfort安慰；B.control控制；C.reach到达；D.follow跟随。根据“Thegirlsthentiedtheirnotestoredballoonsandthem.”可知，因为气球会

飞到天空，所以没有想到会“到达”别人那里。故选C。24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是她错了!A.confused困惑的；B.nervous紧张的；C.indifferent漠不关心的；D.wrong错误的。根据“Leticianever

thoughttheballoonswouldanyone”和转折词but可知，Leticia的想法是“错误的”。故选D。25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在Facebook上收到了一条令她惊讶的消息。A.surprised惊讶；B.embarrassed尴尬；C.inspi

red鼓舞；D.scared害怕。根据“Leticianeverthoughttheballoonswouldanyone.”和“SomeonehadfoundLuna’snoteandballoon,andhewaslookingtomakeherd

ay!”可知，Leticia在Facebook上收到消息，让她很“惊讶”。选选A。26.考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他出去打猎时绊倒了气球，他一读到信就知道他想成为圣诞老人。A.cover封面；B.balloon气

球；C.trap陷阱；D.branch树枝。根据“Thegirlsthentiedtheirnotestoredballoonsandthem.”可知，AlvinBamburg外出打猎时，被“气球”绊倒了。故选B。27.考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他出去打猎时绊倒了气球，他一读到

信就知道他想成为圣诞老人。A.select挑选；B.explain解释；C.seek寻找；D.play玩；扮演。根据“LunaandGianella,crafttheperfecttoSantaClaus.”可知，AlvinBamburg读到信

后，决定“扮演”圣诞老人。故选D。28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在Facebook上发布了气球的消息，寻求帮助寻找这个写信的孩子。A.heard听见；B.argued争论；C.posted发布；D.thou

ght想。根据“onFacebookseekinghelptofindtheletter-writingchild”可知，AlvinBamburg在网上“发布”了关于气球的消息。故选C。29.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她

的信中，Luna要了糖果、蜘蛛侠球、《冰雪奇缘》玩偶和一只小狗，这个好心的男人决心要把她清单上的东西都给她!A.kindhearted仁慈的；好心的。B.brave勇敢的；C.respectful尊敬的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根据“wasdeterminedtogeth

ereverythingonherlist!”和“InsidewasnearlyeverythingonLuna’slist—timestwo!”可知，AlvinBamburg满足了双胞胎姐妹所有的心愿，所以是“好心的”。故选A。30.考查动词短语词义

辨析。句意：当Leticia听说Alvin在找她们时，她在Facebook上给他发了消息。A.caringabout关心；B.lookingfor寻找；C.waitingfor等待；D.worrying

about担心。根据“HeabouttheballoononFacebookseekinghelptofindtheletter-writingchild.”可知，Alvin在“寻找”写信的双胞胎姐妹。故选B。31.考查副词词义辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，L

una和Gianella很快就收到了一个大包裹。A.Gradually逐渐地；B.Secretly秘密地；C.Unexpectedly未料到地；D.Fortunately幸运地。根据“abigpackagesoonarrivedforbothLunaandGian

ella”可知，Luna和Gianella收到圣诞老人的礼物是“未料到”的。故选C。32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，Alvin了解到她们收到礼物时是多么感激。A.anxious焦急的；B.thoughtful体贴的；C.humorous幽默的；D.gratef

ul感激的。根据“whenreceivingtheirgifts”可知，双胞胎姐妹收到礼物，当然很“感激”的。故选D。33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的一切努力都是值得的。A.services服务；B.belongings所有物；C.efforts努力；D.campaigns运动。根据“Late

r,Alvinlearnedhowtheywerewhenreceivingtheirgifts”可知，Alvin得到礼物，实现愿望了，所以觉得自己的“努力”是值得的。故选C。34.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两个家庭现在连在一起了，都是因为一个影响深远的气球!A.

encouraged鼓励；B.linked连接；联系；C.relieved欣慰；D.separated分开。根据“allbecauseofafar-reachingballoon!”可知，因为气球，两个家庭“联系”在一起了。故选B。35.考查名词词义辨析。句

意：这是一种多么美妙的方式，可以让这对姐妹的生活有所不同，给她们留下永远不会忘记的美好回忆!A.difference不同；B.promise答应；C.decision决定；D.appointment约会。makeadifference表“有影响；有所不同”。根据“an

dgivethemwonderfulmemoriesthey’llneverforget!”及全文可知，Alvin的行为对这对双胞胎姐妹生活有影响，让她们的生活有所不同。故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）【答案】36.extremely37.toc

lean38.in39.valuable40.whose41.wascombined42.Carrying43.the44.consumption45.sold【解析】36.考查副词。句意：虽然它被描

述为一件“非常重要和极其罕见”的艺术品，但它是一个浅碗，在中国古代用于清洁书法和画笔。空格处用副词extremely修饰形容词rare，extremely意为“极其”，故填extremely。37.考查不定式。句意：虽然它被描述为一件“非常重要和极其罕见”的艺术品，但它是一个

浅碗，在中国古代用于清洁书法和画笔。that指代的是先行词“ashallowbowl”，是“物”。“某物被用来做某事”是“sth.beusedtodosth.”，因此空格处用不定式toclean，故填toclean。38.考查介词。句意：答案在于欧洲人对中

国瓷器的痴迷。liein是固定短语，意为“在于”，因此空格处用介词in，故填in。39.考查形容词。句意：中国瓷器专家LarsTharp着手探索中国瓷器如此珍贵的原因。空格处用形容词作表语，value的形容词是“valuable”，意为“值钱的，贵重的”，故填

valuable。40.考查定语从句。句意：在18世纪，他到被称为高岭山的山坡去旅行，几乎每一个中国出口的花瓶、盘子和杯子都是在这里诞生的，高岭土这个词就是从它的名字而来的。空格处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，MountGa

olin和name之间是所属关系，因此空格处填入表所属关系的whose，故填whose。41.考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：他看到了瓷土是如何与另一种物质——云母结合在一起，从而变成瓷器的。空格处是谓语部分，chinaclay和combine

之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此句子要用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语chinaclay是不可数名词，因此空格处填wascombined。故填wascombined。42.考查非谓语动词。句意：Lars拿着自己新买的

花瓶，揭开了中国瓷器之都景德镇的一些秘密。句中谓语是uncovered，所以空格处用非谓语动词，Lars和carry之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动含义。空格处位于句首，因此首字母大写。故填Carrying。43.考查定冠词。句意：他看

到中欧之间的贸易不仅改变了我们对美的看法，而且也影响了整个中国美学传统。空格处要用定冠词the，特指中欧之间的贸易，故填the。44.考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，瓷器热推动了高消费。high是形容词，修饰名词，句子表示“瓷

器热推动了高消费”，空格处意为“消费”，名词是consumption，是不可数名词，故填consumption。45.考查非谓语动词。句意：拍卖会上售出的这只碗表明，中国瓷器的吸引力一如既往地强大。句中谓语是shows，空格处要用非谓语动词，bowl和sell之间是逻辑上的动宾

关系，因此空格处用过去分词形式表被动含义，故填sold。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.【答案】DearRyan,I'msorrytohearthatyougotinjuredwhenridingtoschool.Iamw

orriedaboutyou.Howareyoufeelingnow?Ifyouneedanyhelp,pleasedon'thesitatetoletmeknow.Now,Iwanttosharesomesafetyt

ipsforcycling.Firstofall,obeytrafficrulesjustlikeyouexpectcarsto.Alotofcyclingaccidentsresultfromcyclistsridi

ngthroughredlightsandstopsigns.Inaddition,itisnecessarytowatchoutforopeningcardoors,whichposesasignificantdanger.Themostimportantist

oavoidtexting,phonecalls,orlisteningtomusicwhileridingyourbike.Witheverygoodwishforyourswiftandfullrecovery.Yours,LiHua【解析】1.词汇积累担心的：worried→concern

ed此外：inaddition→what’smore安全：safety→security当心：watchoutfor→lookoutfor2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Alotofcyclingaccidentsresultfromcyclistsridingthr

oughredlightsandstopsigns.拓展句：Becauseofthefactthatcyclistsoftenridethroughredlightsandstopsigns,asignificantnumberofcyclingaccidentsoccur.【高分句型1】I'm

sorrytohearthatyougotinjuredwhenridingtoschool.(运用了that引导宾语从句，when引导的时间状语从句的省略)【高分句型2】Inaddition,itisnecessarytowatch

outforopeningcardoors,whichposesasignificantdanger.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)第二节（满分25分）47.【答案】Onepossibleversion:Shejumpedontoherchairasshescre

amedinhorror.Afewgirlsheldtheirbreathinshockandsomerushedoutoftheclassroom.TheotherclassmatesandIburstintolaughter.Ithought,“Serveyouri

ght,Jane!YoushouldnothavetoldMsTanaboutwhatwedid!”“Silence!”MsTanshouted,glaringatallofus.Silencefilledtheclassroom.“W

hodidthis?”SeeingJanestillstandingonherchair,hereyeswidenedandfacepale,IfeltregretfulforwhatIhaddonesuddenly.Gatheringallmycourage,Idecid

edtotellthetruth.“…Idid…it,”Isaidinalowvoice.MsTancriticizedmeandcommandedmetoapologizeandtakebackthefrog.Followi

ngmylead,JohnandTomstoodupandapologizedtoo.Fortunately,Janeforgaveuswillingly.Ibreathedasighofrelief.Thatday,regretwelledupwith

inmeasIthoughtabouttheprankIhadplayedonpoorJane.MyheartsankwithguiltoverhowJanehadeasilyandkindlyforgivenus.Irealizedthatweshouldnothaveplayedapra

nkonsuchakindgirl.【解析】段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“她惊恐地尖叫着跳到了椅子上。”可知，第一段可描写Jane发现青蛙后的反应以及同学们的不同表现，同时作者开始反思自己的行为。②由第二段首句内容“我鼓起所有的勇

气，决定说出真相。”可知，第二段可描写作者承认错误，John和Tom也跟随作者一起道歉，最后Jane原谅了他们，作者深感后悔。续写线索：Jane的反应——同学们的反应——作者的反思——承认错误——John和Tom

的道歉——Jane的原谅——作者的后悔词汇激活行为类①尖叫：scream/cryout②批评：criticize/condemn③原谅：forgive/cleartheair情绪类①震惊：shocked/stunne

d②后悔：regretful/remorseful[高分句型1].SeeingJanestillstandingonherchair,hereyeswidenedandfacepale,Ifeltregretfulfor

whatIhaddonesuddenly.（使用了现在分词短语作状语）[高分句型2].Thatday,regretwelledupwithinmeasIthoughtabouttheprankIhadplayedonpoorJane.（使用了as引

导的时间状语从句）