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SectionⅣGrammar名词性从句——主语从句1．(教材P25)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhe

nthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2．(教材P25)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3．(教材P26)Whatiseve

nmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.4．(教材P26)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmen

toflife.5．(教材P26)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsi

ntotheoceansandseas.6．(教材P26)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolv

ed.定义在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。◆Howtheearthcameintoexistenceremainsamysterytous.地球是如何形成的对我们来说仍然是一个谜。◆Itworriedthewomanthathersonwasalwaysp

layingcomputergames.儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这位女士很担心。引导主语从句的连接词引导主语从句的连接词有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。1．连接词that和whether/if(1)that引导的主语从句◆Thatmyparentsalw

aystreatmeasalittlechildmakesmeveryunhappy.我的父母总是像对待小孩子那样对我让我很不开心。◆Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstude

ntsthisyearistrue.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。(2)whether/if引导的主语从句◆Whetherhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.他是否能按时完成他的任务非

常重要。◆Whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.运动会是否将举行现在还不确定。(1)that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用。(2)whether在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接

作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。【即时演练1】——用适当的连接词填空①Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.②Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.③Thatshebecameafam

ousphysicistmadeherparentsveryhappy.④Whetherwegotherebytrainorbyairmakesnodifference.2．连接代词引导主语从句连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中

可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的连接代词有who,whose,whom,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等。◆Whowillbringupthechildhasn’tbeendecidedy

et.谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。◆Whichlifestyleisthemostbeneficialtoourhealthisstillunknown.还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。◆Whoeverlovestheirchildrenwi

llbelovedbytheirchildren.爱孩子的父母会被孩子爱。◆Whateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。【即时演练2】——用适当的连接词填空①Whatmovedmemostdeeplywasthed

eeplovebetweentheboyandhisparents.②Whichpartofthecountryhewilltraveltoneedsdiscussing.③Whathesaidatthemeetin

gastonishedeverybody.④Whoeverwantstowintheelectionwillfacelotsofdifficulties.3．连接副词引导主语从句连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语，表示时间

、地点、原因、方式等。连接副词有when,where,why,how等。◆Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。◆Whereweshal

lhavethemeetingmakesnodifference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。主语从句中连接词的选择技巧：(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。【即时演练3】——用适当的连接词填空①Howweunderstan

dthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.②Wherethevaluablepaintingswerehiddenisstillamystery.③Whentheywillhavethespo

rtsmeetingisstillaquestion,fortheyhavesomanythingstodo.④Whyhewasabsentfromthemeetingremainsamystery.4．

主语从句与形式主语it有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在含有主语从句的复合句中使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。常见的用形式主语it的主语从句结构有：(1)Itbe＋名词词组＋主语从句．常用于这种句型的名词有apity,ash

ame,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等。◆Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。(2)Itbe＋形容词＋主语从句

．◆(2018·江苏卷)It’sstrangethatheshouldhavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把书拿走了。(3)

Itbe＋过去分词＋主语从句．◆Itisbelievedthatatleast20buildingsweredamagedordestroyed.人们认为，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。(4)It＋不及物动词(happen,seem,appear,etc.)＋主语从句．◆Ithapp

enedthatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.他打电话时，我碰巧不在家。(5)It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句．◆Itsurprisedmethatourparentswouldn’tlik

etoacceptnewthings.让我吃惊的是我们的父母不愿意接受新事物。【即时演练4】——用适当的连接词填空①It’sknownthatknowledgeistreasureandpracticeisthekeytosuccess.②Itremainstobeseenwhetherthey

cantalkhimover.③It’sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerebadlyhurt.Ⅰ用适当的连接词填空1．Itisobvioustothestudentsthatth

eyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.2．Whatparentssayanddohasalife­longeffectontheirchildren.3．WhetherTomwillwint

hecomputercompetitionremainsasecrettillnextMonday.4．Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.5．Whetherwe’llgocampingtomorrowornot

dependsontheweather.6．Whoevergetstothehomefirststartscookingthesupper.7．Whyhegaveupthechanceofstudyingabroadisunknown

.8．WhatmattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.9．Accordingtotherules,whoeverfailstoreturnthebooksontimewillhavetheiraccountsfroz

en.10．ThatPeterwonthefirstprizeinthefinalexaminationsurprisedallofus.11．Whatmovedmemostinthisfilmwasthattheboygaveallhismoneytoth

ehomeless.12．Whetherhewillattendthemeetingornottomorrowdependsonhistimeschedule.13．ItisagreatpitythatLiYong,afamou

shostinCCTV,diedofcancerattheageoffifty.14．Howhemanagedtofinishthetaskbyhimselfisstillamysterytome.15．Wh

enhewillcomebackfromCanadaisn’tknown,soIwillcallhimuptochecktheexacttime.Ⅱ语法与写作1．使林先生兴奋的是读者给予他的新书很高的评价。WhatmadeMr.Linexcitedwas

thathisnewbookwashighlypraisedbyreaders.2．使张女士担心的事情是她的女儿没有回家。ItworriedMrs.Zhangthatherdaughterdidn’tcomebackhome．3．我们得不到的看起来比我们拥有的好。Wha

twecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.4．这个计划是否会实施还不知道。Itisstillunknownwhethertheplanwillbecarriedout．5．谁将负责我们班级到目前为止还没确定。Whow

illtakechargeofourclasshasn’tbeendecidedsofar.6．很明显，班主任对考试结果很满意。Itisobviousthattheheadteacherispleasedwiththeresultofthee

xam．7．他在那么多人面前向他的父母表示感谢让他的父母很感动。Thatheexpressedhisthankstohisparentsinfrontofsomanypeoplemovedhisparents.8．孩子们最需要的是爱而不是钱和玩具。Whatkidsneedmostislo

veratherthanmoneyandtoys.9．不管是谁干的这事，早晚要被抓住并受到惩罚。Whoeverdidthiswillbecaughtandpunishedsoonerorlater.10．他是如何挣到这么多钱对我来说依旧是个谜。Howhem

adesomuchmoneyremainsamysterytome.[学生用书P131(单独成册)]Ⅰ用适当的连接词填空1．WhatinterestedmemostwashowthemanescapedfromCubaandmadehiswaytoMia

mi.2．ThathersoncamebacksafelymadeMrs.Wangfeelrelieved.3．Whowillbeinchargeoftheprojectisquiteimportant.4．Whichon

eisthehealthiestisuncertain.5．When/WhetherMr.GreenwillreturnfromChinabyplanehasn’tbeendecidedyet.6．Where/How/WhenBobgotsuchimportantinform

ationisstillamystery.7．Howourbrainworksisbeingstudiedbythescientists.8．WhyJohnsongaveupsuchagoodchanceisstillunknown.9．Itwasreportedthat

thetwocompanieswouldcarryoutaprojecttogether.10．Itdoesn’tmattermuchwhetheryouwillcometothepartyornot.11．WhyTommovedtoCanadasuddenlyremainsa

puzzle.12．Whatcausedhimtobesoangrymadeuscurious.13．Itisagreatpitythatyoudidn’tgotoHelen’sbirthdayparty.14．Itisnotclear

whetherMichaelwillgocampingontheweekend.15．Whatconcernsthebossmostishowtoimprovecustomerservice.Ⅱ阅读理解Forpeoplelivinginthedigital(数字的)

age,ithasbecomealmostrequiredtobeactiveonsocialmedia.Facebookhasbeenaroundformorethan10years.Andwith

thelargeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingTwitter,InstagramandSnapchat,socialmediatakeupalargepartofoureverydayliv

es.Theyallowustocommunicatewithourfamilyandfriendseasily.Theyalsoallowustojoinsomeorganizationsandmeetsomenewpeoplewewo

uldhaveneverhadthechancetoknowwithoutsocialmedia.However,socialmediacanalsobeannoyingsometimes.Forme,Ifinditup

settingtoalwaysbeawareofwherepeopleareandwhatthey’redoing.ThiswasmyproblemwithSnapchat,becauseitmakesyouwalkthroughot

herpeople’slifeallthetime.BackwhenFacebookwasbecomingpopular,peoplebeganpointingouthowitmaybeunhealthy,becauseitallowsyoutocompareyourlifewi

ththelivespeoplechoosetomakepublic.ThisisespeciallyaproblemonsomeplatformslikeSnapchat.ItwasupsettingtogothroughstoriesonalazySaturdayeveningwhe

reyouseepeopleoutdoingthingswhileyou’rejustsittingathomewatchingNetflix.Thisisnottopaintsocialmediaassomedamagingf

orcethatisruininglives.Mostpeoplecanusesocialmediawithoutgettingannoyedorhurt.Ifyoufeellikeyoursocialmediausei

shealthyanditmakesyouhappy,thenIencourageyoutocontinue.However,ifyouthinkitbringsouttheworstinyou,considertakingabreak.I’mnotmeaningneverusin

gTwitteragain,buttakingafewweeksormonthstostepawayandremoveitfromyourlife.IleftbothmyTwitterandSnapchataccountsactiveincaseIwishtomakethereturnin

thefuture.Fornow,I’menjoyingthefreedomthatgoeswithouthavingtocheckeverynotification(通知)andknowingeverythingabouteveryonetofocusonmys

elf.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。现在社交媒体在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用，但是也给我们的生活带来了一些消极的影响。1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellusaboutsocialmedia?A．Theyareconsi

deredannoyingbymostusers.B．Theyhavebecomepopularallovertheworld.C．Theyareconsideredamustbydifferentage

groups.D．Theyhaveplayedanimportantroleinourdailylife.D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的AndwiththelargeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingTwitter..

.chancetoknowwithoutsocialmedia.可推测，第一段表明社交媒体现在在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用。2．Whatwastheauthor’sproblemwithSnapchat?A．Shealwayshadtopayattentiontoot

hers’activities.B．Shedidn’thavemuchtosharewithothers.C．Shefounditdifficultforhertouseit.D．Shewastoobusytouseit.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Forme,

Ifinditupsettingtoalways...becauseitmakesyouwalkthroughotherpeople’slifeallthetime.可知，作者的问题是：她不得不经常去关注别人的生活。3．Whentheauthorwasgoi

ngthroughstoriesonSnapchat,howdidshemostprobablyrespond?A．Shewasdeeplymoved.B．Shefelthappyforothers.C．Shewasgreatlyins

pired.D．Shefeltsadaboutherlife.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的BackwhenFacebookwasbecomingpopular,peoplebegan...whil

eyou’rejustsittingathomewatchingNetflix.可推断，作者看到那上面的帖子最有可能为自己的生活感到难过。4．Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewi

th?A．Instagramismorepopularwithpeople.B．Peopleshouldleavesocialmediaonceforall.C．Socialmediahavemoredisadvantagest

hanadvantages.D．Weshouldusesocialmediaaccordingtoouractualsituations.D解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的Ifyoufeellikeyoursoc

ialmediauseishealthy...considertakingabreak.可推断，我们应该根据自己的实际情况来选择是否使用社交媒体。Ⅲ完形填空Wildfirescontinuesweepingacro

ssSouthernCalifornia.Somefamiliesarereturninghometofindtheirhousesarecompletely__1__andmanythingsturnedtodustandashes(灰烬).It’s__2

__，butstoriesofhope,liketheonefromthisVenturaCountycouple,arebeginningto__3__．DonandJulieMyershadbeenevacuated(撤离)fromtheirhome,andw

hentheyreturned,theydidn’t__4__tofindsomethingsafterthebigfire.Thecouplehadasafetybox.__5__，whentheyopenedit,itseemedthateverythingwas__6__

.Still,thefirefighterson­sitehelpedthem__7__thesafetyboxcarefullyjust__8__therewasanythingthatcanbesaved.Don__9__tolookthroughth

eremnants(遗留物),andbydoingso,hefoundhiswife’soriginalweddingring.Juliehastworings:theoriginalone,whichwas__10__inthes

afetybox,andanewonethatDonboughtfortheir25thanniversary.Shewas__11__thenewringatthetimeofthefire.Oncetheyfoundtheoriginalring,Dongotdo

wnononekneeandre-proposed(再次求婚)toJulie,provingthatintimesof__12__，actsoflovewinthevictory.“Itwastruly__13__thathefoundit

.Ihadthoughtwehad__14__itbecauseeverythingelsewastotallydamaged，”Juliesays.“Mysonphotographedtheproposal.ItwasverymeaningfulandIwasterribly__15__

．”“ThesupportfromthepeopleinthecityofVenturawasamazing，”Juliesays.Sheadvisesthosewhowanttoofferhelpto__16__shoppingcards,becausemostpeoplehavesoman

ythingsto__17__afterbigdisasters.__18__，thewildfiresinSouthernCaliforniahave__19__230，000acresofland,includingpartsofLosAngeles,SanDieg

o,Riverside,Ventura,andSantaBarbaracounties.Thereareseveralorganizationsthatarelookingfor__20__andcontributions;youcanfindmoreinform

ationhere.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场大火吞噬了南加利福尼亚，Don和Julie也在大火中失去家园，但他们的结婚戒指却在大火中失而复得。大火还见证了人们之间的无私援助和真情。1．A.destroyedB．removedC．missedD．de

coratedA解析：根据后文的manythingsturnedtodustandashes(灰烬)可知，大火持续吞噬南加利福利亚，一些家庭重返家园，发现他们的房子完全被焚毁(destroyed)。2．A.touchingB．heartbr

eakingC．disappointingD．surprisingB解析：大火毁掉了一切，所以可推测，这是令人伤心的(heartbreaking)。3．A.changeB．hideC．compareD．appearD解析：尽

管大火无情，充满希望的故事还是有的，结合下文，Don和JulieMyers的爱情故事出现奇迹，故可推出答案。4．A.expectB．stopC．rememberD．agreeA解析：根据上文的manythingsturnedt

odustandashes(灰烬)可推测，他们并没有期待(expect)能在大火后找到点什么东西。5．A.ThereforeB．HoweverC．BesidesD．OtherwiseB解析：根据上文的Thecouplehadasafetybox.可推测，虽然他们有一个保险箱，但当他们打

开它，却发现几乎所有的东西都被毁掉了。6．A.unrecognizableB．completeC．impossibleD．wonderfulA解析：火势如此之大，箱子里的很多东西都变得无法辨认(unrecognizab

le)。7．A.checkB．fillC．closeD．emptyA解析：根据下文的lookthroughtheremnants可知，在场的消防员帮他们查看(check)保险箱。8．A.incaseB．asifC．nowthatD．orels

eA解析：在场的消防员帮他们查看保险箱，以防(incase)还能找到一些可以挽救的东西。9．A.pretendedB．regrettedC．refusedD．continuedD解析：Don继续(conti

nued)在大火烧过的遗留物中寻找。10．A.stuckB．keptC．forgottenD．leftB解析：他们有两个戒指，以前的结婚戒指保存(kept)在保险箱里。11．A.takingoffB．researchingC．breakingupD．wearingD解析：在火灾

发生时，Julie戴着(wearing)新戒指。12．A.determinationB．disasterC．congratulationD．depressionB解析：Don的这个举动证明，在灾难时刻，爱的行动最后会胜过一切。按照语境，他们找到结婚戒指时正处于灾难现场

，故可推出答案。13．A.amazingB．amusingC．frighteningD．annoyingA解析：能在大火灰烬中找到结婚戒指，这种结局的确让人惊讶(amazing)。14．A.thrownB．discover

edC．mistakenD．lostD解析：Julie原以为会失去(lost)那枚结婚戒指，因为一切被大火烧得面目全非。15．A.movedB．nervousC．proudD．upsetA解析：根据前文的Itwasverymeaningfulan

dIwasterribly可推测Julie是很感动的(moved)。16．A.rentB．putupC．giveawayD．lendC解析：她建议想要提供帮助的人可以给他们捐(giveaway)一些购物卡。17．A.selectB．replaceC

．repairD．designB解析：大火过后，大多数家庭的物品需要置换(replace)，因为他们家中的财产几乎付之一炬。18．A.UnfortunatelyB．StrangelyC．SuddenlyD．EagerlyA解析：不幸的是(Unfortunately)，南加州的野火烧毁了230，0

00英亩的土地。19．A.ignoredB．surroundedC．burnedD．buriedC解析：因为发生的是大火，故应该是烧毁了(burned)230，000英亩的土地。20．A.volunteersB．leadersC．competitor

sD．employeesA解析：大火过后，一些救援组织需要的应该是志愿者(volunteers)和人们捐赠的物资。Ⅳ语法填空TheBigBangtheoryisscience’sbestexplanationofhowtheuniversebegan.Thetheoryinsiststhat

ouruniverse1.____________(create)whenatinyandsuper-hotmassexplodedandbeganexpandingveryrapidly.It2.____________(final)cooledandformedintothes

tarsandgalaxies(银河系)with3.____________wearefamiliar.Itissaid4.____________theeventhappenedapproximately15billionyearsa

go.TheeventoftheBigBangwasspaceitselfexpanding—perhapsatspeeds5.____________(great)thanlight.Sincethelate1960s,theBigBangtheory6.__

__________(be)themainexplanationforthebirthofouruniverse.Because7.____________(physics)havenotyetfoundaconvincingt

heorythatexplainshowgravityoperates,theyareunable8.____________(find)theoriesastowhathappenedaftertheBigBang.Attheverybeginning,ouruniversema

yhavebeenanobjectwithnearly­infinitedensity,9.____________perhapssomethingelse.Ourinstrumentsand10.____________(science)methodsmayneedtobef

ullyimprovedbeforeanyfurtherprogressismade.1．wascreated解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe与create之间是被动关系，且create所表示的动作发生在过去，故填wascreated。2．fin

ally解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰cooled和formed，故填finally。3．which解析：考查关系代词。此处为由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词starsandgalaxies(银河系),因该关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语，故填which

。4．that解析：考查连接词。Itissaidthat...意为“据说”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的从句。5．greater解析：考查形容词的比较级。由than可知，此处应用比较级

形式，故填greater。6．hasbeen解析：考查时态。由Sincethelate1960s可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填hasbeen。7．physicists解析：考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填physicists。8．tofind

解析：考查不定式。beunabletodosth.意为“没有能力做某事”。9．or解析：考查连词。由句意可知，anobjectwithnearly­infinitedensity与somethingelse

之间是选择关系，故填or。10．scientific解析：考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰methods,表示“科学的”，故填scientific。