【文档说明】【精准解析】北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题.doc，共(18)页，116.000 KB，由管理员店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-acf3e2a0576cf64ccb1a1e93170ffa45.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

首师大附中2020-2021学年度第一学期高二英语第一次月考试题一、（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）A语法填空TheInternetisanamazinginformationresource.Students,teachers,andresearch

ersuseitas___1___investigativetool.Journalistsuseittofindinformationforstories.Doctorsuseittolearnmoreaboutunfamiliardiseasesand___2___(late)med

icaldevelopment.Ordinarypeopleuseitforshopping,banking,bill-paying,andcommunicatingwithfamilyandfriends.Peoplealloverthew

orlduseittoconnectwithindividuals___3___othercountriesandcultures.【答案】1.an2.latest3.from【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了互联网是一个惊人的信息资源。学生、教师和研究人员都将其作为

一种调查工具。记者们用它来为报道寻找信息。医生利用它来了解更多不熟悉的疾病和最新的医学发展。普通人用它购物、办理银行业务、付账以及与家人和朋友交流。全世界的人都用它来联系来自其他国家和文化的人。【1题详解】考查冠词。句意：学生、教师和研究人员都将其作为一种

调查工具。tool是可数名词，此处泛指“一种工具”，应用不定冠词，且investigative的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。【2题详解】考查形容词。句意：医生利用它来了解更多不熟悉的疾病和最新的医学发展。修饰名词development应用形容词，结合句意表示“最新的”，故填late

st。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：全世界的人都用它来联系来自其他国家和文化的人。结合句意表示“来自……”应用介词from。故填from。B语法填空Manyanimalsrecognizetheirfoodbecausetheyseeit.___4___dohum

ans.Whenyouseeanappleorapieceofchocolateyouknowthatthesearethingsyoucaneat.Youcanalsouseothersenseswhe

nyouchooseyourfood.Youmaylikeitbecauseitsmellsgoodorbecauseittastesgood.Youmaydislikesome___5___(type)offoodbecause

theydonotlook,smellortasteverynice.Differentanimalsusedifferentsenses___6___(find)andchoosetheirfood.A

fewanimalsdependononlyoneoftheirsenses,___7___mostanimalsusemorethanonesense.【答案】4.So5.types6.tofind7.while【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文

章主要讲述动物和人识别食物的方法。【4题详解】考查固定结构。句意：人类也一样。本题考查“so+do/be/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前面说的情况也适用于后面的人或物，意为“……也一样”，注意首字母大写，故填So。【5题详解】考查名词复数。句意：你可能不喜欢某些种类的食

物，因为它们看起来、闻起来或吃起来都不好吃。type是可数名词。根据空前的some可知，此处需用复数形式，故填types。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不同的动物使用不同的感官来寻找和选择食物。usesth.todosth.是固定搭配，意为“使用某

物做某事”，故填tofind。【7题详解】考查连词。句意：少数动物只依赖一种感官，而大多数动物使用不止一种感官。结合句意可知，前后分句表示对比，应用while连接，作并列连词，意为“然而”，故填while。【点睛】C语法填空China’sicebreakerXueLong___8__

_(set)sailfromShanghaitotheAntarctic.ZhuBing,___9___isthecaptainofthescientificresearchship,saidthattheicebre

akerwouldfirsttraveltotheto-be-builtstationbeforemakingashortstopatZhongshanstation.Oneofitsmaintasksis___10___(build)anotherresearchstationintheA

ntarctic.Oncecompleted,thenewstationwouldbethecountry’sthirdyearroundstationintheAntarcticandthefirsttobelyingontheborderofthePa

cificOcean.Theothertwostations,theGreatWallStationandtheZhongshanStation,werebuiltinthe1980s.【答案】8.willset9.who10.tobuild【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了中国“雪龙”号破冰船将从上海启航前往南极。科考船的船长朱兵说，破冰船将首先前往即将建成的科考站，然后在中山站作短暂停留。并介绍了“雪龙”号破冰船此次前往南极的主要任务。【8题详解】考查动词时态。句意：中国“雪龙”号破冰船将从上海

启航前往南极。此处表示将来发生的动作应用一般将来时。故填willset。【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：科考船的船长朱兵说，破冰船将首先前往即将建成的科考站，然后在中山站作短暂停留。此处为非限制性定语

从句修饰先行词ZhuBing，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故应用关系代词who。故填who。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它的主要任务之一是在南极建立另一个研究站。分析句子结构可知build在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处说明主语的具体内容应用不定式作表语。故填tobuild。

二、完型填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）ImetMrs.Neidlintheninthgradeonastage-designteamforaplayandshewasoneofthedirectors.AlmostinstantlyIlovedher.Shehadanunpleasa

ntvoiceandadirectwayofspeaking,____11____shewasencouragingandinspiring.Forsomereason,shewasimpressedwithmyworkandMrs.Neidlwouldaskmeform

y____12____.ShewantedtoknowhowIthoughtweshould____13____things.AtfirstIhadnoideahowtoanswerbecauseIknew____14____aboutstaged

esign!ButIslowlybegantorespondtoher____15____.Itwascauseandeffect;ShebelievedIhadopinions,soIbeganto____16____them.Shetrustedmeto

completethings,soIcompletedthemperfectly.Shelovedhow____17____Iwas,soIbegantoshowuptopaintmoreandmore.She

believedinme,soIbegantobelieveinmyself.Mrs.Neidl’s____18____thatyearwas,“Tryit.Wecanalwayspaintoverit____19

____!”Ibegantotake_____20_____.Ihadbeensoafraidoffailingbutsuddenlytherewasnofailing—onlythingstobe_____21_____upon.Ileanedtodipmybrus

hintothepaintand_____22_____createsomething.Theshy,quietfreshmanachievedsuccessthatyear.Iwas_____23_____intheprogramas“StudentArtAs

sistant”becauseofthetimeandeffortI’dputin.ItwasthatyearthatI_____24_____Iwantedtospendtherestofmylifedoings

tagedesign.Beingonthatstage-designteam_____25_____Mrs.Neidlchangedmecompletely.NotonlywasIstrongerand

morecompetentthanIhadthought,butIalso_____26_____astronginterestandawordIhadn’tknownexisted.Shetaughtmenotto_____27_____what

peoplethinkIshoulddo.Shetaughtmetotakechancesandnotbe_____28_____.Mrs.NeidlwasmycomforterwhenIwasupset.Her_____29___

__inmehasinspiredmetodothingsthatIneverimagined_____30_____.11.A.yetB.andC.soD.for12.A.impressionB.opinionC.informationD.intent

ion13.A.makeB.handleC.keepD.change14.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing15.A.questionsB.commentsC.explanationsD.rema

rks16.A.holdB.followC.evaluateD.form17.A.happyB.livelyC.reliableD.punctual18.A.messageB.sayingC.mottoD.sugg

estion19.A.againB.moreC.insteadD.later20.A.stepsB.controlC.chargeD.risks21.A.actedB.improvedC.lookedD.ref

lected22.A.easilyB.carefullyC.confidentlyD.proudly23.A.recognizedB.introducedC.identifiedD.considered24.A.realizedB.decidedC.confirmedD.acknowledg

ed25.A.belowB.withC.ofD.by26.A.discoveredB.developedC.tookD.fostered27.A.acceptB.careC.judgeD.wonder28.A.boredB.lazyC.sadD.afraid29.A.cur

iosityB.patienceC.trustD.interest30.A.accessibleB.enjoyableC.possibleD.favorable【答案】11.A12.B13.B14.D15.A16.D17.C18.C19.D20.D21.B2

2.C23.A24.A25.B26.A27.B28.D29.C30.C【解析】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了上学期间与Mrs.Neidl都在舞台设计团队，Mrs.Neidl对自己的深远影响。【11题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：她的声音很难听，说话也很直接，然而她是鼓舞人心的。A.yet然而；B.a

nd和；C.so因为；D.for为了。根据空前的unpleasant和空后的encouragingandinspirin判断，这里应填表示前后文转折含义的连词，故选A。【12题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：Neidl会问我的意见。A.impression印

象；B.opinion意见，主意；C.information信息；D.intention意图，目的。根据下句ShewantedtoknowhowIthought可知，她想知道我的所想，所以问我的意见。故选B。【13题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：她想知道我认为我们应该如何处理事情。A.make制造，

制作，使；B.handle处理；C.keep保持；D.change改变。根据空后的things可知，是处理事情，故选B。【14题详解】考查代词辨析。句意：一开始我不知道怎么回答，因为我对舞台设计一无所知!根据前文的hadnoidea判断用nothing，knownothingaboutsth.对

……一无所知。故选D。【15题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：但我慢慢地开始回答她的问题。A.questions问题；B.comments评价；C.explanations解释；D.remarks评述。根据前文是MrsNeidl提出的问题，此

处是对问题的反应。故选A。【16题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：她相信我有自己的观点，于是我开始形成自己的观点。A.hold保持；B.follow跟随；C.evaluate评估；D.form组成，组织，形成。formopinions形成观点，空后的th

em代指前文的opinions，故选D。【17题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：她喜欢我的可靠，所以我开始越来越多地去画画。她相信我，所以我开始相信自己。A.happy幸福的；B.lively生动的；C.reliable可信赖的；D.punctual及时的。根据下文的believeinme判断

，此处是我是“值得信赖的”。故选C。【18题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：那年MrsNeidl的名言就是“试试它。我们以后可以把它画好!”。A.message便条；B.saying谚语；C.motto名言；D.suggestion建议。根据语境，这里指MrsNeidl那一阶段的名言

，故选C。【19题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：“试试它。我们以后可以把它画好!”A.again再，又；B.more更；C.instead相反；D.later后来。画好是在尝试之后，故选D。【20题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我开始冒险。A.steps步骤，措施；B.contro

l控制；C.charge费用；D.risks危险。根据前后文语境可知，作者是开始冒险，takerisks冒险，故选D。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我不再如此害怕失败了，但是突然之间，事情没有失败，只有事情需

要改进。。A.acted行动；B.improved改进，提高；C.looked看；D.reflected反映。根据下文内容可知，不再是失败，而是事情有待提高。故选B。【22题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：我倾身用画笔蘸了蘸颜料，然后开始自信地创作。A.easily容易地；B.carefully仔细

地；C.confidently自信地；D.proudly骄傲地。根据上文的“没有失败”，此处应是自信地，故选C。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：因为我投入了大量的时间和精力，我被认可成为了这个项目的“学生艺术助理”。A.recognized承认，认出；B.intro

duced介绍；C.identified辨认；D.considered考虑，认为。根据前文作者是新手，现在应是“被承认”。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：在那年我认识到我想用我的余生来做舞台设计。A.realize

d意识到；B.decided决定；C.confirmed确信；D.acknowledged承认，公认。这里是指意识到自己未来想做的工作，故选A。【25题详解】考查介词辨析。句意：和MrsNeidl一起待在舞台设计队彻底改变了我。with表示和某人待在一起。故选B。【

26题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我不仅比我想象的更强大，更有能力，而且我发现了一种强烈的兴趣和一个我不知道的词的存在。A.discovered发现；B.developed发展；C.took带走；D.fostered培养，抚育

。这里指发现了自己的兴趣所在。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：她教给我不要在意人们认为我该干什么。A.accept接受；B.care在意，关心；C.judge判断；D.wonder想知道。故选B。

【28题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：她教给我要抓住机会，别害怕。A.bored厌烦的；B.lazy懒惰的；C.sad悲伤的；D.afraid害怕的。根据上文Ihadbeensoafraidoffailing可知，此处是原词复现，故选D。【29题详解】考查名词

辨析。句意：她对我的信任鼓舞着我去做我以前认为是不可能的事情。A.curiosity好奇；B.patience耐心；C.trust信任；D.interest兴趣。根据第一段中Shetrustedmetocompletethings可知，是MrsNeidl对作者的

信任鼓舞作者去做以前认为不可能的事情，故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：她对我的信任鼓舞着我去做我以前认为是不可能的事情。A.accessible接近的；B.enjoyable喜欢的；C.possible可能的；D.favorable喜爱的。指作者从未认为可能的事情

，故选C。三、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）ATheBasicsofMath—MadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrick

yareas.These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlge

bra(代数)andbeyond.ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents(指数),theorderofoperations,a

ndsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticu

larmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.BasicMathstartsfromtherelat

ivelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingof

thematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening.Th

eyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazing—andcompletelyunderstand

able—fieldofstudy.Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoc

learawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.Inaddition,th

eywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges.ProfessorH.Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalT

elevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica,”isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvio

us.Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heismasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.WithaPhDi

nMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscoursesincludevariousmake

-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitf

oranyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.31.WhatdoesthecourseBasicMathmainlycover?A.Algebra.B.Coll

egeMathematics.C.Arithmetic.D.MathematicsEducation.32.WhatbenefitscanstudentsexpectfromBasicMath?A.Strongerimaginativeability.B.Additionalpresentat

ionskills.C.Moremathematicalconfidence.D.Greaterchancesofbecomingteachers.33.WhatcanwelearnaboutProfessorH.Siegel?A.HeisaguestlectureratKentuckyE

ducationalTelevision.B.Heistodeliver30lecturesinBasicMath.C.HeworksinGeorgiaStateUniversity.D.Hespecializesintrainingteachers.34.Whereisthepa

ssagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan.D.Anadvertisement【答案】31.C32.C33.B34.D【解析】本文

是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一门基础数学的课程，对课程的内容，上课的母的，师资进行了阐述。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.”可知，基础数学涵盖算数的所有基础方面。故

选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemysteryofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethanthey

everimagined.”可知，他们将能够揭开数学的神秘面纱，并以超出想象的自信面对学习。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“heisadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathe

maticalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.”可知，H.Siegel是一位敬业的教师，在解释数学概念时有一种天赋，能让它们看起来清晰明了。从而推断出此人上30节课。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题

。根据文章最后一段中，“Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucange

tyourmoneyback.”可知，如果未能给您提供满意的课程，可以换课或退回学费。从而可以判断，本文有可能从广告中摘录的。故选D。B阅读理解。Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,

onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused,Iglancedtowardmystone-fa

cedteacher.Havingnochoice,IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover,hopingtohidemyself.“Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway?”Quick

ly,IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.ThiswasthefirstrealtalkIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsim

ple:goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacheri

nmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthe

samenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmer

ica.Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice;flip(掷)acoin.Heads—thecommander,andtails—the

peanutsguy.Ah!Tails,myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingtonCarver.Weekslater,stand

ingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhad

donewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear,“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAm

ericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequite!HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?Obviously,mygradew

asawful.Heartbrokenbutfearless,Idecidedtoturnthisaround.ItalkedtoMissLancelot,butsheinsisted:Nore-dos;nonewgrade.Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjus

tified,andIbelievedIdeservedasecondchance.Consequently,Ithrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.Tenmon

thslater,thatchanceunfoldedasIfoundmyselfsittingintheheadmaster’sofficewithmygrandfather,nowhavinganentirelydifferentconver

sation.Ismiledandflashedbacktotheembarrassingmomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyopt

iontoskipthesixthgrade.Justiceissweet!35.Whatdidtheauthor’sclassmatesthinkabouthisreport?A.Controversial.B.Ridiculous.C.Boring.D.Puzzling.36

.Whywastheauthorconfusedaboutthetask?A.HewasunfamiliarwithAmericanhistory.B.Hefollowedtheadviceandflippedacoin.C.Heforgothisteache

r’sinstruction.D.Hewasnewattheschool.37.Theunderlinedword“burning”inPara.3probablymeans_______.A.annoyedB.ashamedC.readyD.eager38.Inth

eend,theauthorturnedthingsaround_______.A.byredoinghistaskB.throughhisowneffortsC.withthehelpofhisgrandfatherD.undertheguidanceofhishea

dmaster【答案】35.B36.A37.D38.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了主人公“我”在完成老师交待的任务时，对美国历史不是很熟悉，介绍的华盛顿这个人物不是历史上领导美国革命的华盛顿，而是另外一个人。在课堂上，读自己写的有关人物的报告时，引起了同学的嘲笑，分数也很低，接下来的时间

，主人公“我”努力学习，并最终取得了好的成绩。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmates

bearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused,Iglancedtowardmystone-facedteacher.句意为：我自豪地读着

我写的文章，我环视着教室的周围，同学们的脸上都强忍着大大的微笑，在他们的眼里都憋出了泪花，更加疑惑的是，我还看见了老师那“石头般’的绷着的脸。由同学们的笑和老师的表情判断作者的同学认为“我”的文章是荒唐

可笑的。故答案为B【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二自然段Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeopl

ebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAme

rica.Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.可知，以前，我从未听说过这个名字，但查找之后发现有两个人的名字一样，而又是完全不同的两个人，一个是发现了花生的数百种用法的人，一个是领导了美国的革命，我

也不知道，老师指的是哪一个。由此可知，“我”对美国的历史是不了解的。故答案为A【37题详解】词句猜测题。由本句Iwastotallylost.Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burnin

gtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.可知，我完全的蒙了，我放下我的文章坐在桌子旁边，burning的找到我犯的错误。由此可知，作者完全蒙了，急切想知道自己犯了什么错误。划线的词的意思

是“急切的”。故选D项。【38题详解】细节理解题。Ifeltthatthepunishmentwasnotjustified,andIbelievedIdeservedasecondchance.Consequently,Ithrewmyselfhear

tilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.我感觉，我受到的惩罚是不公平的，我还应该有第二次机会，剩余时间我把自己全身心的投入到我的学习中。由此可知改变事情的结果是通过“我”的努力。故选B项。CDecision-makingunderStre

ssAnewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepo

ssiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableway

s.“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesund

erstress.”Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someofthepar

ticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somew

erestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthep

unishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn’tgonethroughthestress.Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresis

teatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress–atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthe

rsuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegati

veconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandw

omentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktende

dtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig

,menmaytendtodobetter,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsarerisky

mightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.39.

Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto______.A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemoryB.recallconsequencesmoreeffortless

lyC.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequentlyD.learnasubjectmoreeffectively40.Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectsp

eoplemostprobablyintheir______.A.waysofmakingchoicesB.preferenceforpleasureC.toleranceofpunishmentsD.responsestosuggestions41.T

heresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,______.A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabitsB.menhaveagreatertendencytosl

owdownC.womenfocusmoreonoutcomesD.menaremorelikelytotakerisks【答案】39.A40.A41.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在压力之下人们作出决定时的考虑是不一样的，并

通过实验说明人们在有压力的时候通常想到的是积极的一面比较多，同时也介绍了男人和女人在面对不同的压力时反映也是不同的。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpos

itivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.(人们在压力之下记住更多的是积极方面而不是消极后果。)”和第三段“Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmorea

ccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn’tgonethroughthestress.(在以上两个案例中，受到压力的这些参与者相对于那些没有经历压力的人来说记得更多更清楚的是奖励的

物资而不是惩罚。)”由此可知，人们在压力下往往会更好地记住奖励。故选A。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章的标题及第一自然段的总结可知压力影响的是人们做出决定的方式，即如何作出选择。第一自然段为文章的中心，一项新的研究表明压力影响了人们对有利条件和不利条件的考虑方式，导致了人们更多的去思考好

的一面而忽视了消极的一面，故选A。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexp

erimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.”实验中，在受到冰冷的水的压力之下男士趋向于冒更大的险，而女士的反映则相反，故选D。DAstherailroadsandtheh

ighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelecthicalgenerating（发电）andtransmission（输送）systenforthe21thcenturywillleaveala

stingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinth

ewaysthattheyaffectthesuuroudingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarppantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowmtomoveelectricityaround.The19thce

nturysawlandgrants（政府拨地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbe

tweenprivatelyownedland.Inmuchofthewest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andi

nbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement,withthecompletionortheinterstatehighw

aysystem,manyofthesmalltownswhichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.

Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintinthewest.thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthen,weneedal

ternativeenergybadly.andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.Sotrad

e-offswillhavetobemade.somescenicsportwillbesacrificed.somespecies(物种)willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullym

ovedtospecialaccommodations,dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade-offsareanothe

rmatter.the21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanwestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowe

randmoneytodoalotofgood.butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justl

iketherailroadandthehighway.Themoneysetasideinnegotiatedtrade–offsandtheinstitutionthatcontrolwillshapethewestfarbeyond

theimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines.solet’sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenew

powerplantsinthewest.42.whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?A.smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.B

.somerailroadstopsremained.C.landinthewestwashardtomanage.D.landgrantswentintoprivatehands.43.whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmen

tofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.thetransmissionofpowerB.theuseofmoneyandpowerC.theconservationofsolarene

rgyD.theselectionofanidealplace44.whatistheauthor‘sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?A.cautiousB.approvingC.doubtfulD.disap

proving45.whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.howtherailwayshaveaffectedthewestB.howsolarenergycouldreshapethewestC.howtheeffects

ofpowerplantscanbereducedD.howtheproblemsofthehighwayshavebeensettled【答案】42.C43.B44.A45.B【解析】本文为说明文。文章说明的是一种新的太阳能电力系统

是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。【42题详解】细节理解题。由第二段The19thcenturysawlandgrants(政府拨地)offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontin

entalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.和…thelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanage

ment,withthecompletionortheinterstatehighwaysystem可知铁路的建设使政府拨地落到私人的手里，西部的土地很难管理。故答案为C。【43题详解】细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子:Therearechancesforthatp

owerandmoneytodoalotofgood.Butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliket

herailroadsandthehighways.可知在新能源的使用方面主要担心的是钱和能源的使用。故答案为B。【44题详解】作者态度题。作者从铁路和公路在西部出现的好处和坏处,说明solarplants在西部也会出现同样的问题，故答案为A。【45题详解】主旨大意题。从文章的第一

段的句子:Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround.可知这篇文章讲的是太阳能会如何塑造西部故答案

为B。四、书面表达（共25分）46.假设你是红星中学的学生会主席李华。近日，学校将为在你校学习的交换生召开一次视频会议。请你代表学生会给交换生们在微信中发一个“群公告”，内容包括：1.告知会议时间、内容及目的；2.提示做好会前准备。注意：词数不

少于50。______________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Hell

o,everyone!Pleasekindlyknowthatanonlinevideoconferencewillbeheldat14:00thisWednesday!Alltheexchangestud

entsmusttakepartinitsothattheinformationofindividualprotectionfrombeingattackedbyviruscanbewidelyknownduringthespecialperiod.M

akesuretomakeroomfortheconferenceandtakenotesifnecessary.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。在微信群中发布一个“群公告”，告知交换生关于视频会议的信息。【详解】第一步：根

据提示可知，在微信群中发布一个“群公告”，告知交换生关于视频会议的信息。第二步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：onlinevideoconference,exchangestudents,takepartin,protection,at

tackedby等。第三步：确定文章结构，本文可以采取一段，题干限50词，建议采用长句完成，3-4句即可。第四步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要用一般现在时或将来时。第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书

写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，布局工整。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式。that引导的宾语从句：Pleasekindlyknowthatanonlinevideocon

ferencewillbeheldat14:00thisWednesday!sothat引导的目的状语从句：Alltheexchangestudentsmusttakepartinitsothattheinformationofindividualprotectionfr

ombeingattackedbyviruscanbewidelyknownduringthespecialperiod.