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专题15阅读理解议论文2024年Passage1【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewi

ngcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareo

ften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendency

tomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymo

resuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshine

throughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suc

hasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysical

properties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’v

ereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheoryca

lled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocia

lmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频)andvideocan

feelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.Howev

er,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces

.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocus

andreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shineth

rough”inparagraph2mean?ASeemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisas

sume?.A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuita

bleforsocialmedia.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents'atte

ntion.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.31.Whatdoestheauthorimpl

yinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachi

ngmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.Passage2【202

4全国甲卷】“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwa

sdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,an

dIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikedit

ornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthechar

acters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieT

ulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifI

wantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(悬疑小说).OnewhereIkindofkn

ewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingsc

arrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromno

where,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwha

teverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsa

nalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourend

ingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—buitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.12.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf

.Gracie?A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.13.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeafterse

eingGracie?A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.D.Astory

whichbeginswellwillendwell.14.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?AItsatisfiesreaders’taste.B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C.Itisu

suallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.15.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnov

elists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.Passage3【2024北京卷】Thenotionthatw

eliveinsomeoneelse’svideogameisirresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm“simulationhypothesis”(模拟假说)returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhe

thertheuniverseisacomputersimulation——aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobably

neverknowwhetherit’strue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniv

erseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindp

laysanecessaryroleinstructuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualex

perienceoftheworldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessingbysensorysystemsandcognitive(认知的)functionsinthebrain.No

oneknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical(实证的)experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoningwon’trevealrealityeithersince

itreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,cultural.andpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunkno

wable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom“Istheuniverseacomputersimula

tion?”to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionofthewor

ld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隐喻)thatarefamiliartous.InNewton’sera,weimaginedtheuniverseas

aclock.InEinstein’s,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle(粒子)physics.Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconcept

ssuchasthecomputer,informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspire

ustobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticles

oranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolsw

ehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingprevioussci

entificmodels,developingthe“computersimulation”metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.28.Whatdoestheauthorint

endtodobychallengingahypothesis?A.Makeanassumption.B.Illustrateanargument.C.Giveasuggestion.D.Justifyaco

mparison.29.Whatdoesthephrase“contingenton”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Acceptedby.B.Determinedby.C.Awakenedby.D.Discoveredby.30.AsforKa

nt’sargument,theauthoris_________.A.appreciativeB.doubtfulC.unconcernedD.disapproving31.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatwes

hould_________.A.comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviousonesB.continueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinhistoryC.stoparguingwhet

hertheuniverseisasimulationD.turnsimulationsoftheuniverseintorealitiesup.2023年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2023年全国乙卷】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ah

istorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemosto

ftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesre

cordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodo

justthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapst

hefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofth

atterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunsho

t.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthe

writtenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,espec

iallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAbo

riginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobje

ctstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,al

lourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehav

etoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcerneda

bout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.13.Whatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioni

ngCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisr

ecordwasone-sided.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.15.Whichofthefollowingbooksist

hetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD

.HowArtWorksTellStories2022年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2022年全国甲卷】Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappen

edinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbe

aches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsfor

aliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewe

ntourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyou

mean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey

’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtrad

itionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityin

the1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Weca

n’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”O

ntheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthon

y.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000

yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountr

y.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmai

nlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment.D.Sydney’stouristat

tractionsinthe1960s.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamarans

well.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.14.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogres

s.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.15.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acit

ycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromise

shouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.Passage2【2022年北京卷】Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquan

tumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.Oneiscomputerscien

tistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantu

mcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusine

ssWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofh

ype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotent

iallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmay

misleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromis

es,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethrou

ghstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum

’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisb

ookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefi

rmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Theco

mpany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpact

fulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelyco

mparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaim

s?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justas

ItrustJohnson.31.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited32.Wha

tleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcomp

anies.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitlefo

rthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoB

eing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?Passage3【2022年天津卷第二次】RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,bu

ttobeuseful,tobeloving,tomakesomedifferenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.Most

peopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butiss

uretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedoncomfortandluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbe-causewespoilourhealthandevenourch

aracter,principles,ideals,andrelationships..Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestinati

on.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysour

ceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Onlywhenweexamineourselvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimit

ations,andthenworkaccordinglytocreateabetterworld.Thefirstrequirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthing

smerelyasaduty,wefindourjobsotiresomethatwe’llsoonburnout.However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwed

o,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,ou

rgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoutcome,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoeq

uipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel(方向盘).Iftheeng

inelackspower,thcarcan’tmove;ifthedriverlosescontrolofthesteering,aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtherightknowledgeinmindcanwelead

agoodlife.Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseetheimpactofourgoodworkontheworldw

egivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.51.Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?A.Makingussimpl

e-mindedB.Makingusshort-signted.C.Leadingusontoabusyroad.D.Keepingusfromcomfortandluxury.52.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanonegaintruehappin

ess?A.Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.B.Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.C.Byrecognizingone’sabilitiesandlimitations.D.Throughofferinghe

lpmuchneededbyothers.53.AccordingtoParagraph4,doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone________.A.lessselfishB.lessannoyingC.moremo

tivatedD.moreresponsible54.Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?A.Whenwehavewrongknowledgeoftheworld.B.Wh

enourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.C.Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.D.Whenwestayblindtothereality.55.AccordingtoParagraph5,l

ifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen________.A.inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledgeB.directedbyloveandpushedbyknowle

dgeC.purifiedbyloveandenrichedbyknowledgeD.promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge2021年阅读理解议论文Passage1【20

21年全国甲卷】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternat

ionalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelli

gentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsth

isisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothe

geniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—th

eywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikel

ythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonth

atbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomed

iscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworld

withconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewill

seethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromtho

sewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoesthe

authorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?.A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.They'restric

t.13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers

.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whati

sthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuckPassage2【2021年全

国乙卷】Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpr

essedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryoneca

nmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyont

heirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingi

tasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintotha

tcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafact

or（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehom

enumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstill

finditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourh

omephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephon

e（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeli

veries?24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Th

eirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Re

member.D.Remark.26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinep

hones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsaf

amilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.Pas

sage3【2021年北京卷】Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．Alber

tEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-artato

mic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdep

endsonthequestionyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifweallowedenv

ironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarths

ystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？R

ecently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet，conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglob

alwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironme

ntalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureo

naverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockregistersbothshort

-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfro

mtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimew

illliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemoti

vatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocie

tiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardor

backwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewis

e，rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness．WhenSt．Augustineadmitt

edhisinabilitytodefinetime，hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext．Anytimekeepingsyst

emisvalid，andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose．31WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature．B.Everyonecandefinetimeonth

eirownterms．C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit．D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists．32.Th

eauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperimentD.introducea

napproach.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife．B.Newwaysofmeasuringtimecanhe

lptocontrolEarthsystems．C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower．D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers

’temporalframe．34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage？A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime．B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless．C.W

eshouldliveinharmonywithnature．D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality．Passage4【2021年天津卷第一次】Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizardwas

growingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Se

condslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.Ididn'tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmyfavoriteteapotoffthetab

le.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthemess,Iwonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.Thed

estructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband'sbirthday.Hehadjustlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedtodosomethingspecial.“Let's

makeacakeforDad!”Icried.Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostoftheday.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetable!Twohou

rsbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfe

llandcrashedbesidethecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthd

ay.Threedaysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveralfrustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusband

suggestedwatchingtheMichaelJordandocumentaryseriesTheLastDance.ThepoignancyofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpus

hedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimle

avingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewit

hwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.Humansdonotshedskinaseasilyasot

heranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidtha

tnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.40．Whatcanwelearnab

outthepetlizardfromParagraph1?A．Itstankgrewdirty.B．Itsoldskincameoff.C．Itgotaskindisease.D．Itwentmissing.41．Whydidtheauthor'shusbandhaveb

ananapuddingforhisbirthday?A．Thebirthdaycakewasruined.B．Theauthormadegoodpuddings.C．Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.D．Theycouldn'taff

ordabirthdaycake.42．WhydoestheauthormentionTheLastDanceinthepassage?A．Toproveatheory.B．Todefineaconce

pt.C．Todevelopthetheme.D．Toprovidethebackground.43．Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas.A．lettinggoofthepastB．looki

ngforanewjobC．gettingridofabadhabitD．givingupanopportunity44．Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?A．Loveoffami

lyhelpsussurvivegreathardships.B．It'snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.C．Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.D．Pastexperie

ncesshouldbetreasured.Passage5【2021年天津卷第一次】Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowinga

littleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Th

isrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.The

reisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.T

henyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasens

eoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohav

egonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Mast

eringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithalli

tsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（视角）intospecif

icfieldsofexpertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoret

ohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedar

eas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,h

aseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sh

eisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit.

"Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,o

fourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.51．Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto____

_.A．narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB．avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC．knowmoreaboutthesocietyD．broadenhisperspectiveonlife52．Thes

pecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto______.A．treasuretheirfreedomB．travelaroundtheworldC．spendmosttimeworkingD．enjoymeet

ingfunnypeople53．Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho_____.A．isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB．isapures

pecialistinmedicineC．shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD．bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork54．Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwitht

heexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceed

intheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．

BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB．SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC．TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD．Wayst

oBecomeaGeneralist2020年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIc

anremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwe

nttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.Itwasadreamj

obandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewpl

aceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustol

oadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,u

singdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfille

dthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitem

entofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirl

ocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetheraread

erwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhenthey

can.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32.Whichwordbestdescr

ibestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.33.Whatdoest

heunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthef

amily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.34.Whatdoestheauthorcallo

notherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries.D.Purchasehernovels.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading

:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibraryPassage2【2020年北京卷】CertainformsofAIareindeedbecoming

ubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesa

retranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytrueforthespeci

fictasksforwhichthesystemshavebeendesigned.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenoweagertochange.Someoftoday’sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromt

oday’sworldof“weak”or“narrow”AI,tocreate“strong”or“full”AI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI).Insomerespects,today’spow

erfulcomputingmachinesalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,anddrawin

gonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblems.DM,acompanyfocusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambi

tionto“solveintelligence”.“Ifwe’resuccessful,”theirmissionstatementreads,“webelievethiswillbeoneofthemostimportantandwi

delybeneficialscientificadvancesevermade.”SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In

1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan“ultra-intelligentmachine…tha

tcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力的)activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.”Goodwentontosuggestthat“thefirstultra-intelligentmachine”could

be“thelastinventionthatmanneedevermake.”Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad,powerful,man-madeintelligentmachineshavebeenreinforced(强化)byman

yworksoffiction—MaryShelley’sFrankensteinandtheTerminatorfilmseries,forexample.ButifAIdoeseventuallyprovetobe

ourdownfall,itisunlikelytobeatthehandsofhuman-shapedformslikethese,withrecognisablyhumanmotivationssuchas

aggression(敌对行为).Instead,IagreewithOxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,whobelievesthattheheaviestrisksfromAGIdonotcomefromadecisiontoturnagain

stmankindbutratherfromadoggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat

.Butalloftoday’sexciteddiscussionaboutthesepossibilitiespresupposesthefactthatwewillbeabletobuildthesesystems.And,havingspokentoman

yoftheworld’sforemostAIresearchers,IbelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.42.Whatdoest

heunderlinedword“ubiquitous”inParagraphIprobablymean?A.Enormousinquantity.B.Changeabledaily.C.Stableinquali

ty.D.Presenteverywhere.43.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?A.Helptotackleproblems.B.Makebrainsmore

active.C.Benefitambitiouspeople.D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.44.AsforIrvingGood’sopiniononultra-intelligentmachinestheauthoris____________.A.suppor

tiveB.disapprovingC.fearfulD.uncertain45.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?A.Itmaybeonlyadream.,B.Itwillcomeintobeingsoon.C.It

willbecontrolledbyhumans.D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.Passage3【2020年江苏卷】IwasinthemiddleoftheAmazon(亚马逊)withmywife,who

wasthereasamedicalresearcher.Weflewonasmallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenth

annot,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandc

ellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunningwaterorelectricityItwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.The

noneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscallingfrombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.Iamnotgoodatsoccer,buttha

teveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscameoverthefieldand

thematchended,thegoalkeeper,Juan,walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,“Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?”Iwassurprised.AfterIexplain

edtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)atthepossibilitiesthatexistedin

hisworld.InJuan’sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan’sworld.theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelo

us.Anythingwaspossible.Inoursociety,weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatourplanetfromeveryanglea

ndfoundallofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ican,frommycomputerathome,pullupsatelliteimagesofJuan’svillage.Therearenomorecontinentsa

ndnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleastitseemsthatway.Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan’squestion,Iwasnotsurehowmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout

.Iam,inpart,anantbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknowaboutinsectlifeandIknewthatmuchintheworldofinsectsremainsunknown.Howmuch,thou

gh?Howignorant(无知的)arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider

…,andonandontheyappear.Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelesssp

ecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.TheseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebigge

rdiscoveriesoutthere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerfor

thesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingel

se,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliantoccasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethi

ngsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion(穷尽),

andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheir

liveschangedourviewoftheworld.Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorganis

ms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.65.Howdidtheaut

horfeelonhisarrivalintheAmazon?A.Outofplace.B.Fullofjoy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.66.WhatmadethatAmazonianeveningwonderful?A.Helearnedmoreabouttheloc

allanguage.B.Theyhadaniceconversationwitheachother.C.Theyunderstoodeachotherwhileplaying.D.Hewonthesoccergamewi

ththegoalkeeper.67.WhywastheauthorsurprisedatJuan’squestionaboutthemoon?A.Thequestionwastoostraightforward.B.Juanknewso

littleabouttheworld.C.Theauthordidn’tknowhowtoanswer.D.Theauthordidn’tthinkJuanwassincere.68.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialpurposeofcollec

tingnewspaperarticles?A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcu

ltures.69.Howdidthosebrilliantscientistsmakegreatdiscoveries?A.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.B.Theyfollowedotherscie

ntistsclosely.C.Theyoftencriticizedtheirfellowscientists.D.Theyconductedin-depthandclosestudies.70.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthe

passage?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossible.B.TheKnownandtheUnknown.C.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilized.D.TheIgnorantandtheIntell

igent.2019年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2019年江苏卷】WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterth

atpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhavere

alimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)

revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.T

hisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconse

quencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommun

itytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneyto

developingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedev

elopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakin

gmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsa

yingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-

termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopl

etobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnow

weliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappen

ingtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Bel

ievinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,w

ithpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandthein

ternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluati

onofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluenceso

fnewtechnologycanleadto__________.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyB.aslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictofpublicopinionsD.awasteofl

imitedresources62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould__________.A.takepeople'sessentialn

eedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableinternetfac

ilities63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvan

ces.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofintern

ationalcommunication.64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologyst

illhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtec

hnologicaltrends.Passage2【2019年天津卷】ImusthavealwaysknownreadingwasveryimportantbecausethefirstmemoriesIhaveasachilddealwithbooks

.TherewasnotonenightthatIdon'tremembermomreadingmeastorybookbymybedside.Iwasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythewordssounded.Ialwayswant

edtoknowwhatmymomwasreading.Hearingmomsay,"Ican'tbelievewhat'sprintedinthenewspaperthismorning,"mademewanttog

rabitoutofherhandsandreaditmyself.Iwantedtobelikemymomandknowallofthethingssheknew.SoIcarriedaroundabook,andeachnight,jus

ttobelikeher,Iwouldpretendtobereading.Thisishoweveryonelearnedtoread.Wewouldstartoffwithsentences,thenpar

agraphs,andthenstories.Itseemedanunendingjourney,butevenasasix-year-oldgirlIrealizedthatknowinghowtoreadcouldopenmanydoors.Whenmomsaid,"

TheC-A-N-D-Yishiddenonthetopshelf,"Iknewwherethecandywas.Myprogressinreadingraisedmycuriosity,andIwantedtoknoweverything.Ioftenfound

myselftellingmymomtodrivemoreslowly,sothatIcouldreadalloftheroadsignswepassed.Mostofmyreadingthroughprimary,middleandhighsch

oolwasfactualreading.Ireadforknowledge,andtomakeA'sonmytests.Occasionally,Iwouldreadanovelthatwasassigned,butIdidn't

enjoythistypeofreading.Ilikedfacts,thingsthatareconcrete.Ithoughtanythingabstractlefttoomuchroomforargument.Yet,nowth

atI'mgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplex,Ifindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.Byopeninganovel,Icanle

avebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworldwhereIamnowanewcharacter.IntheseworldsIcanbecomeanyone.Idon'thav

etowritedownwhathappenedorwhattechniquetheauthorwasusingwhenheorshewrotethis.Ijustreadtorelax.We'retaughttoreadbecauseit'snece

ssaryformuchofhumanunderstanding.Readingisavitalpartofmylife.Readingsatisfiesmydesiretokeeplearning.AndI'vefoundthatthepossi

bilitiesthatliewithinbooksarelimitless.41.Whydidtheauthorwanttograbthenewspaperoutofmom'shands？A.Shewanted

momtoreadthenewstoher.B.Shewasanxioustoknowwhathadhappened.C.Shecouldn'twaittotearthenewspaperapart.D.Shecouldn'thel

pbutstopmomfromreading.42.AccordingtoParagraph3，theauthor'sreadingofroadsignsindicates___________A.heruniquewaytolocateherselfB.hereager

nesstodevelopherreadingabilityC.herefforttoremindmomtoobeytrafficrulesD.hergrowingdesiretoknowtheworldaroundher.43.Whatwastheauthor'sviewon

factualreading？A.Itwouldhelpherupdatetest-takingskills.B.Itwouldallowmuchroomforfreethinking.C.Itwouldprovidetrue

andobjectiveinformation.D.Itwouldhelpshapearealisticandseriousattitudetolife.44.Theauthortakesnovelreadingasawayto___________.A

.exploreafantasylandB.developapassionforleaningC.learnabouttheadultcommunityD.getawayfromaconfusingworld45

.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.TheMagicofReadingB.ThePleasureofReadingC.GrowingUpwithReadingD.ReadingMakesaFullManPassage3【2019年天津卷】Wouldyou

BETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioni

ng，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworl

dformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesan

interestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We'veallknownpeoplewhoru

noutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearnin

gongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevari

etyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingt

olean，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'

tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseve

ntuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaning

onlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconc

ept.Manyofusequate（视……等同于）“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobasw

ellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterju

stbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervan

testoshowthat_________.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoalC.miseryinspiresam

antofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinPar

agraph3probablymean？A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontin

uelearning.53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendto

thinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautio

usmind.54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewi

thoutself-pityC.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife55.Whatistheauthor'spu

rposeinwritingthepassage？A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingres

ponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellencei

nourlifelongcareer.2018年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyf

ocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconver

sationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandun

necessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpr

acticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’

tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearc

hInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmall

talk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina20

14study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(

互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandab

ettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Buti

nteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeople

whoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abond..withothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltal

k.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavio

ursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.33.Whatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltal

kaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestabou

tsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakes

peoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCountsB.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalk

D.UncomfortableSilencePassage2【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandth

eirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtime

toencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealarge

bagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenu

sedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金）(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor)Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingof

bigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,andusele

ss?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisi

nterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,

universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastot

ally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtog

ether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymea

n?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A.S

avingupforherholidayB.RaisingmoneyforapoorgirlC.AddingthemoneytoherfundD.Givingthemoneytoasickmother34.Whydidtheauthorplaythe

ballwithShepherd?A.TotryoutanideaB.Toshowaparent'sloveC.TotrainhisattentionD.Tohelphimstartahobby35.Whatcan

beasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGivingPa

ssage3【2018年北京卷】PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsa

wayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsin

Aprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforc

ompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehicle

sincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotent

ialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofa

rhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivin

gvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehic

lesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagin

eafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhig

hwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdri

verlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwa

lkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotak

epublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUnive

rsityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldre

ducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundp

rettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivi

ngtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepe

oplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.zxxkPolicymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdo

esn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementprese

ntsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanfori

t.47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproble

msB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverlesscars,what

istheauthor’smajorconcern?A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword

＂fielded＂inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-

drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.Passage4【2018年江苏卷】Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)as

pecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeasth

einventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhi

ntsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-c

oloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcu

stomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,noneth

ewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdiffere

ntthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecust

omerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusich

urrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,orn

oscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding.highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor

,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcerne

dabout‘bad’tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfai

rprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyi

mpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfond

ofthefoodprovided59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Ma

kingthelightbrighter,D.Usingplatesoflargersize.60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Pr

oblemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.Passage

5【2018年江苏卷】Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(

少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimp

rovetheirimageontheweb.Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren'sCommissioner(专员）AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmsweree

xposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.Somesoc

ialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-

opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“likes”fortheironlineposts.Thereportfoun

dthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclo

ck.Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy"whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere"conce

rnedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.MissLon

gfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheu

nrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.Shesaid:"Childrenareusi

ngsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotr

emendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool."Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothe

rsonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthem

selves".MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowt

hatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.""Forchildrenitisv

ery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally."TheChildren'sCommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediapl

atformslargelyforplay.However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyh

eadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheir

imageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.However,theystilldidnotkn

owhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人）ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Ther

eportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstersh

avemobilephones.TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotio

nalminefield(雷区）theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso"takemoreresponsibility".Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbetterso

thatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.JavedKhan,ofchildren'schar

ityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentode

alwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”65.Whydidso

mesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure?A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.B.Theywerenotw

ellpreparedforemotionalrisks.C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.D.Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.66.Somesocialappcompanieswere

toblamebecause.A.theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungst

ersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate67.Children'scomparingthemselvestoothers

onlinemayleadto.A.lessfriendlinesstoeachotherB.lowerself-identityandconfidenceC.anincreaseinonlinecheatingD.astrong

erdesiretostayonline68.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto.A.circulatetheirpostsquicklyB.knowthequalitiesof

theirpostsC.usemobilephonesforplayD.getmorepublicapproval69.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.B.Urg

emediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.C.Keeptrackofchildren'suseofsocialmedia.D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb

.70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonchildren.B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren.C.Th

eprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship.D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromsocialmedia.Passage6【2018年天津卷】Giveyourselfat

est.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you’llhavenotroubleanswe

ringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild’sdayisfilledwithfascination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanatura

lawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.Relear

ningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistost

oppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,

Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthest

ream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey’dfeltcoldwateratfirst.An

otherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldgu

ides,andsaid,a"ruby-crownedkinglet"andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepre

ssuresof"time"and"destination"arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-ground

withjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat’saroundthem

.Iaskedthemwhatthey’dseen."Oh,afewbirds,"theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.

Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyo

urlife.51.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore________.A.anxioustodowondersB.sensi

tivetoothers’feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem52.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinPa

ragraph3?A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteacher’sadvice.D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.53.T

hebirdwatchers’behaviorshowsthatthey________.A.areverypatientintheirobservationB.arereallyfascinatedbynatureC.careonlyaboutthenamesofbi

rdsD.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides54.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?A.Thenaturalbeautyisn’tattractivetothem.B.The

yfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.55.Inthepassage,theauthorintends

totellusweshould________.A.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.openourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbes

ttoprotectnature2017年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2017年浙江卷】GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepF

oundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedth

atnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage

.Babiesneedalotofrest;mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).Butthe

newNationalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkids

saidtheydobeforebedtime?WatchTV."MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(机会)tostayawak

e,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,"saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedica

lSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemische

mical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasle

epbefore11pm.Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighsc

hoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto

8:30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.25.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?A.Americ

ankids’sleepinghabits.B.Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases.C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.26.Howmanyho

ursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?A.7hours.B.8hours.C.10hours.D.18hours.27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?A.Theyareaffectedbyc

ertainbodychemicals.B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.D.Theydon’tneedtogotoscho

olearly.Passage2【2017年浙江卷】FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,b

utinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryf

riendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)populationbydemandinglanguageski

llsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmorediffic

ultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Otherssa

yit’sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycanco

ntributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsareeventoug

her.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichhasamuc

hweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome

1.14millionoutofItaly’sthen56.7millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56million

ofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants’childrenaccountingforaneverlargerpercentageofb

irthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence(居住权)wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersiste

rinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways"seemeasa

foreigner,"anoutsider,eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.28.WhydoesCojochruhav

etotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.C.TofindabetterjobinItaly.D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.29

.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay.A.reduceItaly’spopulationquicklyB.causeconflictsamongpeopleC.leadtofinancialdi

fficultiesD.putpressureonschools30.WhatdoweknowaboutCojochru?A.SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly.B.SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlangu

age.C.ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.D.Shewishestogobacktoherhomecountry.Passage3【2017年北京卷】Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶

)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachieving

somethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway:＂I

fweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethat

thepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.＂Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings

:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalcon

sequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesi

ngleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyon

ewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobje

ctivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsof

computerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswer

difficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirew

allthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.Solvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardi

nAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproble

mshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexis

taslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust＂switchthemoff＂as

ifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwil

lneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,＂Anyonewhoexpectsasource

ofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.＂However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-in

duced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay____________.A.runoutofh

umancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanamathematician68.Machi

neswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto____________.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedB.achievethe

iroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecan

usefirewallsto____________.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfro

mbeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintellig

entmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D

.Itwillstayforadecade.Passage4【2017年江苏卷】OldProblem,NewApproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsom

edecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechan

ge.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimport

anttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetof

conditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:"Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation."Ne

vertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,es

peciallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.

Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommuni

catingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallev

el:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingact

ionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobal

warmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitc

andamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswher

eitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcrea

tedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforev

er.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.I

ncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)ha

schangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouses

havedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarming

process.InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheenti

remountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasinclude

dtheprojectonitslistof"100ideastosavetheplanet".Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmineownsanareaoflandin

westernVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofit

ablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesugge

stionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutio

nandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttot

hechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptouren

ergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyother

s.65.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.A.adaptationisanever-changingprocessB.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC.globalwarmingaffectsadap

tationformsD.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?A.Theproject

receivesgovernmentsupport.B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.D.

Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?A.Storingiceforfutureuse.B.Protectin

gtheglaciersfrommelting.C.Changingtheirrigationtime.D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.68.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysa

feforbuildings.B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.69.According

totheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.A.adapttocarbonpollutionB.planthighlyprofitablecropsC.leavecarbonemissionaloneD.fightagains

tcarbonpollution70.What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?A.Settingupanewstandard.B.Reducingcarbonemission.C.Ad

aptingtoclimatechange.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.Passage5【2017年天津卷】Ireadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoin

gallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours?Tounderstandtheissue,let’stakealookatthreet

ypesof“waits”.TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait.Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofall.Takefillingupthekitchensi

nk(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit’sfull.D

uringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakest

hewaiterhelplessandmindless.AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.Properlypreparingpacka

gednoodlesouprequiresaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspecific.“Bringthreecupsofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes

,removefromheat,letstandfiveminutes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasactuallyfollowedtheproceduresstrictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatien

ce.PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whi

chisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.Turningone’slifeintoawai

tinggamerequiresfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamongus.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,bu

ttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn’tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.We

certainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingno

odlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate.You’reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy

.51.WhiledoingaWatched-PotWait,wetendto___________.A.keepourselvesbusyB.getabsent-mindedC.growanxiousD.stayfocuse

d52.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheForcedWaitandtheWatched-PotWait?A.TheForcedWaitrequiressomeself-control.B.TheForcedWait

makespeoplepassive.C.TheWatched-PotWaitneedsdirections.D.TheWatched-PotWaitengagesbodyandbrain.53.Whatcanwelea

rnabouttheLucky-BreakWait?A.ItislessvoluntarythantheForcedWait.B.Itdoesn’talwaysbringthedesiredresult.C.ItismorefruitfulthantheForcedWa

it.D.Itdoesn’tgivepeoplefaithandhope.54.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodothenexttimewearewaiting?A.Takeitseriousl

y.B.Don’trelyonothers.C.Dosomethingelse.D.Don’tloseheart.55.Theauthorsupportshisviewby____________.A.exp

loringvariouscausesof“waits”B.describingdetailedprocessesof“waits”C.analyzingdifferentcategoriesof“waits

”D.revealingfrustratingconsequencesof“waits”2016年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itl

eads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowth

atinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople’se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefo

undthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.＂The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,＂saysJonahBerge

r,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.＂Theywantyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou’refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends

,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon’twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.＂Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthco

mmunication—e-mails,Webpostsandreviews,face-to-faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消极的),buttha

tdidn’tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadt

hings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes’website.HeandaPennco

lleagueanalyzedthe＂moste-mailed＂listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionwe

remuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes’readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithother

s.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelys

ad.Theyneededtobearoused(激发)onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergere

xplainsinhisnewbook,＂Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.＂32.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?A.Newsreports.B.Researchpapers.C.P

rivatee-mails.D.Dailyconversations.33.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They’resociallyinactive.B.They’regoodattellingstories.C.

They’reinconsiderateofothers.D.They’recarefulwiththeirwords.34.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger’sresearch?A.Sportsnews.B.Sci

encearticles.C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWide.B.OnlineNews

AttractsMorePeople.C.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes.D.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks.Passage2【2016年浙江卷】"Didyouhearwhathappene

dtoAdamlastFriday?"LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,Toribrags,"YoubetIdid.Seantoldmetwodaysago."WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthap

penstobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresayingis(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,Lin

dseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsarego

ssip(闲话).Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,and

itcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipsprea

dsinformationaboutatopic—breakups,troubleathome,evendroppingout—thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,t

hejuicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepai

n.Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.

Sharingthelatestrumor(传言)canmakeapersonfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorca

nmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe"ingroup."Inotherwords,gossipissatisfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelon

gingorevensuperiority(优越感).Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.Pro

fessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsinagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyy

ouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thed

o’sanddon’tsconveyedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesi

tuation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyou

r"juicystory"mighthave.41.Theauthorusesaconversationatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.introduceatopicB.presentanargumentC.des

cribethecharactersD.clarifyhiswritingpurpose42.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatit___________.A.breaksupr

elationshipsB.embarrassesthelistenerC.spreadsinformationaroundD.causesunpleasantexperiences43.Intheauthor’sopinion,manypeopleliketogo

ssipbecauseit___________.A.givesthemafeelingofpleasureB.helpsthemtomakemorefriendsC.makesthembetterattellingstoriesD.enablesthemt

omeetimportantpeople44.ProfessorDavidWilsonthinksthatgossipcan___________.A.providestudentswithwrittenrulesB.helppeoplewatchtheirownbehaviorsC.force

schoolstoimprovestudenthandbooksD.attractthepolice’sattentiontogroupbehaviors45.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthe

passage?A.Neverbecomeagossiper.B.Stayawayfromgossipers.C.Don’tletgossipturnintolies.D.Thinktwicebeforeyougossip.Passage3【2016年北京卷】WhyCollegeIsNotHo

meThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecoming

anextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasad

ecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,

continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Som

eparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefami

lytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautono

myandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves＂tryingon＂newwaysofthinkingaboutonese

lfbotherintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide＂safespaces＂withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinion

sandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learnin

gtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstrugg

letofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffind

inganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehavio

rrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesoci

albehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeenc

ouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationonce

joinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent’sdesireforautonomyandthe

irunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgr

owth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthe

developmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.67.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowa

rdcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.68.Theunderli

nedword＂passage＂inParagraph2means_________.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension69.Accordingtotheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.Todevelopasharedide

ntityamongstudents.B.Todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehavior.C.Toprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents.D.Tofoster

students’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment.70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)

C:ConclusionPassage4【2016年上海卷】Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethe

n,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmospher

eandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions(排放)from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecent

ly,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycount

riescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducec

arbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃Tome

etthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincrease

couldsinksomeislands,worsedrought(干旱)anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheP

arisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.

8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃Thebaselinehereisaverageglobalt

emperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolve

dby2020B.gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC.theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshav

emadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyea

r2100?A.Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D

.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.72.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise,sincet

hestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe_______.A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃Passage5【2016年四川卷】Ifyoucouldhaveonesu

perpower,whatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperhumanstreng

thmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingext

raordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingtha

teveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedot

hinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissue

youareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don’tb

eabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou’reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Our

ownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandco

ntinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedpa

rtinParagraph2referto?A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.25.Why

doestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday?A.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.

C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.26.Whatdoes

theauthorstressinParagraph5?A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D

.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillge

tbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People’seffortshavebeenmaterial

lyrewarded.2Passage6【2016年天津卷】Failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.Weexp

eriencethistirednessintwoways:asstart-upfatigue(疲惫)andperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseit

haseithertooboringortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginou

rmusclesandbones.Thesolutionisobviousthoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102es

saysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritetheminalphabeticalorder(按字母顺序),neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIa

lwaysstartedtheday’sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Experienceprovedthattheruleworks.Performancefatigueismoredif

ficulttohandle.Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwewo

rk,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan—thenlettheunconscioustakeover.WhenplanningEncyc

lopaediaBritannica(《大英百科全书》),Ihadtocreateatableofcontentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.Nothinglikethish

adeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions,butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday,m

entallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroubl

ewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind.Inthewee

ksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.ThoughIworkedashard

asbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverf

eelingtired.51.Peoplewithstart-upfatiguearemostlikelyto_____________.A.delaytasksB.workhardC.seekhelpD.acceptfailure5

2.Whatdoestheauthorrecommenddoingtopreventstart-upfatigue?A.Writingessaysinstrictorder.B.Buildingupphysicalstrength.C.Leavingoutthetoughest

ideas.D.Dealingwiththehardesttaskfirst.53.Onwhatoccasiondoesapersonprobablysufferfromperformancefatigue?A.Beforestartingadiffic

ulttask.B.Whenallthesolutionsfail.C.Ifthejobisratherboring.D.Afterfindingawayout.54.Accordingtotheauthor,theunconsciousmindmayhelpus________

_____.A.ignorementalproblemsB.getsomenicesleepC.gaincompletereliefD.findtherightsolution55.Whatcouldbet

hebesttitleforthepassage?A.SuccessIsBuiltuponFailureB.HowtoHandlePerformanceFatigueC.GettingoverFatigue:AWaytoSuccessD.Fatigue:AnEarl

ySignofHealthProblems2015年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2015年新课标Ⅱ卷】Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear(间隔年

)beforegoingtouniversity.Itusedtobethe“yearoff”betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginated(起源)withthemonthsleftovertoOxbrid

geapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.Thisyear,25,310studentswhohaveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitution

shaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear,accordingtostatisticsonuniversityentranceprovidedbytheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService(UCAS).That

isarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHigginsfromUCASsaidthatthestatisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducation.“St

udentswhotakeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorematureandrespo

nsible,”hesaid.Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS),arguedt

hattheincreaseisevidenceofstudenthardship–youngpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation.“Newstudentsareno

wawarethattheyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto￡15,000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreandmorestudentsaretakingagapye

artoearnmoneytosupporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstudentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigurein

creasesto90%duringvacatingperiods,”hesaid.29.Whatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetext?A.Itisflexibleinlength.B.Itisa

timeforrelaxationC.ItisincreasinglypopularD.Itisrequiredbyuniversities30.AccordingtoTonyHiggins.studentstakingagapyear____.A.arebetterpreparedforc

ollegestudiesB.knowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejobC.aremorelikelytoleaveuniversityindebtD.haveabetterchancetoentertopuniversities31.Howdoes

OwainJamesfeelaboutthegap-yearphenomenon?A.He’spuzzledB.He’sworriedC.He’ssurprisedD.He’sannoyed32.Wh

atwouldmoststudentsdoontheirvacationaccordingtoNUSstatistics?A.Attendadditionalcourses.B.MakeplansforthenewtermC.Ear

nmoneyfortheireducationD.PreparefortheirgraduatestudiesPassage2【2015年浙江卷】Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars，wewouldgoindark

nesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instea

d,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun'slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon'tthinkofourselvesasdiurna

lbeings.Yetit'stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe'vedonetothenight:We'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsoft

hiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelythere

sultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ⅲ-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnight

andcompletelychangesthelightlevels—andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,including,ourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspi

llsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaz

e(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We'vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnigh,-darkenoughforthepl

anetVenustothrowshadowonEarth,iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurt

herfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing,Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesita

ctsasamagnet(磁铁).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarin

eoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlyl

ithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofj

oint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Humansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisa

sessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromour

evolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesust

olosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwit

htheMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.50.Accordingtothepassage,humanbeings.A.prefertoliveinthedarknessB.areusedto

livinginthedaylightC.werecuriousaboutthemidnightworldD.hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon51.Whatdoes“it”(Paragraph1)mostprobablyre

ferto?A.Thenight.B.ThemoonC.TheskyD.Theplanet52.Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto.A.provideexamplesofanimalprot

ectionB.showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD.explainwhythenumberofcertainspeciesha

sdeclined53.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat.A.lightpollutiondoseharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB.lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC.

humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse54.Whatmightbethebestt

itleforthepassage?A.TheMagicLight.B.TheOrangeHaze.C.TheDisappearingNight.D.TheRhythmsofNature.Passage3【2015年重庆卷】LakeLander·2hoursago

Today,amantalkedveryloudonhisphoneonatrainbetweenMalvernandReading,makingmanypassengersupset.IwonderhowhewouldreactifIweretoreadmy

newspaperoutloudonthetrain,Ihaveneverhadthecouragetodoit,though.Pak50·57minutesagoWhynotgiveitatry?Pe

rhapsyoushouldtakelessonsonamusicalinstrument.ThelatemusicianDennisBrianissaidtohaveaskedafellowtrainpassengerto

turnoffhisradio.Whenhisrequestwasrefused,hetookouthisFrenchhorn(号)andstartedtopractice.AngieO’Edema·42minutesagoIdon’tseeh

owmusicalinstrumentscanhelpimprovemannersinpublic.Don’tdotootherswhatyouwouldn’tliketobedonetoyourself.

Once,apassengernexttometalkedoutloudonhismobilephone.Ileftmyseatquietly,givinghimsomeprivacytofinishhisconver

sation.Herealizedthisandapologisedtome.WhenhisJointhediscussion…phonerangagainlater,helefthisseattoanswerit.Youse

e,abitofrespectandcooperationcandothejobbetter.Taodas·29minutesagoIdidreadmynewspaperoutloudonatrain,anditturnedoutwell.Theguytookitingoodpart,

andwechattedhappilyallthewaytoEdinbergh.Sophie76·13minutesagoIhavenottriedreadingmynewspaperoutloudonatrain,but,several

yearsago,IreadsomechaptersfromHarryPortertomyboredandnoisychildren.SeveralpassengersseemedtoappreciatewhatIdid.44.ThepassengermadeanapologytoAn

gieO’Edemabecause____.A.heofferedhisseattosomeoneelseB.hespokeveryloudlyonhisphoneC.herefusedtotalkwithAngieD.heignoredA

ngie’srequest45.Whooncereadanewspaperoutloudonatrain?A.Pak50.B.AngieO’Edema.C.Taodas.D.Sophie76.46.Whatisthediscussionmainlyab

out?A.Howtoreacttobadbehavior.B.Howtokilltimeonatrain.C.Howtochatwithstrangers.D.Howtomakeaphonecall.47.Whereisthepassagemost

probablytakenfrom?A.Awebpage.B.Anewspaper.C.Anovel.D.Areport.Passage4【2015年北京卷】Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffects

everyaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinat

titudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(调查)ont

histopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe＂very＂or＂somewhat＂overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurve

ysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpret

edasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolve

mentdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir＂adult＂children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsval

uabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwitht

heircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommuni

cationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledt

heirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommu

nicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnoth

ingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.Thanksto

theadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthe

livesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentst

okeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.67.Thesurveysinformusof__________.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.the

parents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication68.Thewriterbelievesthat__________.A.parentstodayaremo

reprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantages[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]C.technologyexplainsgreaterinvolvementwiththei

rchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence69.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassag

e?A.TechnologyorAttitude[来源:学科网ZXXK]B.DependenceorIndependenceC.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvance

ment70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?Passage5【2015年广东卷】DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believes

it’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlo

okingourownrolesinshapingchildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld

.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages(影像).Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnea

rlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandidea

s.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitr

eplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdo

esn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtother

adioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading."Achild’sreadingability

isbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads,"Andersonsays.Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthatheavytelevision-wat

chinglowersIQ(智商)scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchsuggeststhatit’stheotherwayaroun

d."Ifyou’resmartyoung,you’llwatchlessTVwhenyou’reolder,"Andersonsays.Yet,peopleoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.Foryearsr

esearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,byshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconve

ntionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisioncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.36.BywatchingTV,childrenlearn__________.A.i

magesthroughwordsB.morethanexplicitmeaningsC.moreaboutimagesthanwordsD.littleaboutpeople’spsychology37.Aneducationalprogr

amisbestwatchedbyachild___________.A.onhisownB.withotherkidsC.withhisparentsD.withhisteachers38.Whichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren’sr

eadingability?A.Radio-listening.B.Television-watching.C.Parents’readinglist.D.Parents’educationalbackgro

und.39.Andersonbelievesthat.A.themoreachildwatchesTV,thesmarterheisB.theyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesTVC.thesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyheget

saddictedtoTV[来源:Zxxk.Com]D.thelessachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatschool40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadviseontheeducationaluseofT

V.B.TodescribeTV’sharmfuleffectsonchildren.C.ToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVinfluences.D.TopresentAnderson’sunconventionalideas.

Passage6【2015年湖北卷】“Iseeyou’vegotabitofwateronyourcoat,”saidthemanatthepetrolstation.“Isitrainingoutthere?””No,it’sprettyni

ce,”Ireplied,checkingmysleeve.“Oh,right.Apony(马驹)bitmeearlier.”Asithappened,thebitewasvirtuallypainless:morethekind

ofsmallbiteyoumightgetfromanaughtychild.TheponyresponsiblewasqueuingupforsomeicecreaminthecarparknearHaytor,andperhapsthoughtI’djumpedi

naheadofhim.ThereasonwhytheponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyareaandtouristsareconstantlyfeedingtheponiesfoods,despitesignsaski

ngthemnotto.Byfeedingtheponies,touristsincreasetheriskofthemgettinghitbyacar,andmakethemhardertogatherdurin

gthearea’sannualponydrift(迁移).Thepurposeofaponydriftistogatherthemupsotheirhealthcanbechecked,thebabyonescanbestoppedf

romfeedingontheirmother’smilk,andthosewho’vegonebeyondtheirlimitedareacanbereturnedtotheircorrectarea.Someofthema

realsolatersold,inordertolimitthenumberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.Threeweeksago,Iwitnessedasmallnea

r-disasterafewmileswestofhere.Whilewalking,Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.“Hello!”Isaidtohim,assuminghewasjustrollingfo

rfun,buthewasverystilland,asIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.Ibegantoproperlyworryabou

thim.Fortunately,ImanagedtogetintouchwithaDartmoor’sLivestockProtectionofficerandsendheraphoto.Theofficerimmediatel

ysentalocalfarmerouttocheckonthepony.Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim,andhebegantorunha

ppilyaroundagain.Dartmoorhas1,000orsoponies,whoplayacriticalroleincreatingthediversityofspeciesinthisarea.Manype

opleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies,andtryingtocomeupwithplanstofindasustainable(可持续的)futureforoneofDartmoor

’smostfinancially-troubledelements.51.Whyaretouristsaskednottofeedtheponies?A.ToprotectthetouristsfrombeingbittenB.Tokeeptheponiesoffthepetrols

tationC.ToavoidputtingtheponiesindangerD.Topreventtheponiesfromfighting52.Oneofthepurposesoftheannualponydriftis______________.A.tofeedbabypo

niesonmilkB.tocontrolthenumberofponiesC.toexpandthehabitatforponiesD.toselltheponiesatagoodprice53.Whatastheauthor’

sfirstreactionwhenhesawaponyrollonitsback?A.HefreeditfromthetrapB.HecalledaprotectionofficerC.Heworriedaboutitv

erymuchD.Hethoughtofitasbeingnaughty54.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthepreservationofDartmoor’sponies?A.Itlackspeople’sinvolvem

ent.B.ItcostsalargeamountofmoneyC.ItwillaffecttourisminDartmoor.D.IthascausedanimbalanceofspeciesPassage7【2015年湖北卷】Sciencehasalotofuses.It

canuncoverlawsofnature,curediseseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthe

re’salwaysatemptation(诱惑)todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Cha

racter,andAchievement,appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbo

oks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattemptt

odealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomep

eoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines（学科）.Consi

deringthis,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox(非常规的),andperhap

sunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints,perhapsinordertokeepthereader’satten

tion.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,wehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelo

pment,andastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.[来源:学+科+网]Onthewho

le,Brooks’sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienj

oyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemor

ablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’sattempttotranslatehistaleinto

science.67.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.illustratewheresciencecanbeappliedB.de

monstratethevalueofBrooks’snewbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks68.Ac

cordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsconvincingpoints.C.Itsclearwriting.D.

Itsmemorablecharacters.69.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.70.Whatistheaut

horlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooks’slifeexperiences.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooks’stranslat

ionskills.Passage8【2015年湖南卷】ForgetCyclists,PedestriansAreRealDangerWearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.■Y

es,manycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriversaredisrespectfulofcyclists.Butpedestriansareprobablytheworseoffenders.Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongth

epavementwitheyesandhandsgluedtothemobilephone,quiteunawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroada

tapedestriancrossingorelsewhere.Therestofushavetoevade(避让)themorjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.Therealproblemisthatsomepedestri

ansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.—MichaelHoran■Ilovedthelet

terfromBobBrooksaboutcyclists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidtheyseemtothinktheyowntheroads.IwaswalkingacrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhen

acyclistwentroundmeandonbeingaskedwhathewasdoingheshoutedatme.Thegovernmentbuiltacyclelaneontheroadbutitishardlyused.Thepolicedonothing.Whatalaughth

eyare!Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketsandlightsatnightandinthemornin

g.Theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearingthem.—CarolHarvey■Cyclistsjumponandoffpavements(wh

icharemeantforpedestrians),rideatspeedalongthepavements,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrighttogothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareonred.Iwa

salmostknockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhentherewasacyclelanerightnexttohim.Otherroadusers,includinghors

eriders,managetoobeytherulessowhynotcyclists?It’sabouttimetheyhadtoberegisteredandinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicle,orcauseanacc

ident,atleasttheycanbetracedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaim.—JMLWritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.56.MichaelHoranwrotethelettermainlytoshowthat____

____.A.driversshouldbepolitetocyclistsB.roadaccidentscanactuallybeavoidedC.somepedestriansareathreattoroadsafetyD.walkingwhileusingphoneshurtsone

’seyes57.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould_______.A.beprovidedwithenoughroadsB.beaskedtorideontheirownlanesC.bemadetopaylesstaxforcy

clingD.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen58.WhatisacomplaintofJML?A.Veryfewdriversareinsured.B.Cyclistsridefastonpavemen

ts.C.Pedestriansgothroughredtrafficlights.D.Horseridersdisrespectotherroadusers.59.Theunderlinedword"they"inthethirdletterrefersto________.A

.accidentsB.vehiclesC.pedestriansD.cyclists60.Thethreeletterspresentviewpointson_______.A.realsourcesofroadd

angersB.waystoimproveroadfacilitiesC.measurestopunishroadoffencesD.increasedawarenessofroadrulesPassage

9【2015年江苏卷】Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththe

organization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.L

et’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetin

volved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthen

socialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvol

unteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecauseth

eyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprog

ramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,"Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome")toanexternalfactor(e.g.,"Iv

olunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso").Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbese

nsitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionso

vertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteers

inFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheir

volunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivent

o"trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththepr

oblemtheydoexperience".Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichp

eopleview"volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemos

tlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssu

chas"VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam."Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelati

on(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,l

eadtoconcreteadvice:"Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity...ItemslikeT-shirtst

hatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity".61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof_________.A.ac

ademicrequirementsB.socialexpectationsC.financialrewardsD.internalneeds62.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?A.Follow-u

pstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.D.Volunteersarepro

videdwithconcreteadvice.63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.Individualdifferencesinroleident

ity.B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.64.Whatisthebest

titleofthepassage?A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteerB.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC.HowtoKeepVolunteers’InterestD.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivitiesPa

ssage10【2015年天津卷】OncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment,and

thenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadviceI’veeverhad:Beboldandbrave—andmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid.Thosewordsmademes

eeclearlythatwhenIhadfallenshortinthepast,itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.On

theotherhand,wheneverIhadplungedintodeepwater,forcedbycourageorcircumstance,IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthe

groundagain.Boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyouaresureyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepotentialpo

werswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespi

ritualones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasanexcellentfootballplayer,eventhoug

hheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer,whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandour

goalline,”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet(子弹)—andstoppedhimcold.”Boldness—awillingnesstoext

endyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuilds

up.Surely,therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife;boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisa

lotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities—andyou’llfindyourabilitiesareg

reaterthanyoueverdreamed.51.Whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast?A.Hefacedhugerisks.B.Helackedmightyfor

ces.C.Fearpreventedhimfromtrying.D.Failureblockedhiswaytosuccess.52.Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart?A.Swallowmor

ethanyoucandigest.B.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.C.Developmoremysteriouspowers.D.Learntomakecreativedecisions.53.Whatwasespeciallyimportantf

orTim’ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?A.Hisphysicalstrength.B.Hisbasicskill.C.Hisrealfear.D.Hisspiritualforce.54.Whatcanbel

earnedfromParagraph5?A.Confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults.B.Tryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless.C.Repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife.

D.Boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle.55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toencouragepeopletobecourageous.B.Toadv

isepeopletobuildupphysicalpower.C.Totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess.D.Torecommendpeopletodevelopmoreabilities.