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专题15阅读理解议论文2024年Passage1【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andareliste

ningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsare

often“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdig

italcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen

.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpl

etasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thediffer

encesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeo

graphyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequal

lyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”.Accordingtothistheor

y,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频

)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigningano

nlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreo

fthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotav

ailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaaret

hesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?ASeemunlik

elytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?.A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslig

htly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincrea

singlyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents'attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpde

velopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymu

ltiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplace

dineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.Passage2【2024全国甲卷】“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidto

myfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.Ihadjustfinished

readingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,

askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharac

tersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,Iwouldha

vepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.This

wasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedto

behappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(悬疑小说).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfict

ion.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalanc

ecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisi

ssue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstori

es,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegr

eatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—th

at’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—buitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.12.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A.T

odiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.13.Whatdidtheauthorrealizea

fterseeingGracie?A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.C.Eachtypeofliteratur

ehasitsuniqueend.D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.14.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?AItsatisfiesreaders’taste.B.Itfitswiththes

torydevelopment.C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Itisopenforimagination.15.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.Togiveexam

plesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnew

books.Passage3【2024北京卷】Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse’svideogameisirresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm“simulationhyp

othesis”(模拟假说)returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation——aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunate

ly,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherit’strue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescie

ntificknowledge.The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Wh

ileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryroleinstructuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshav

erevealedthatourperceptualexperienceoftheworldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessingbysensorysystemsandc

ognitive(认知的)functionsinthebrain.Nooneknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical(实证的)experiencefailstorevealreality,r

easoningwon’trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,cultural.andpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablack

box.So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryf

rom“Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?”to“Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?”Modellingrealityi

swhatwedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隐喻)thatarefamiliartous.InNewton’sera,weimaginedthe

universeasaclock.InEinstein’s,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle(粒子)physics.Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,inf

ormationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.M

odelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwithth

eunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.Itcanbeimaginedthatcompa

rabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,developingthe“computersimulation”metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.28.Whatdo

estheauthorintendtodobychallengingahypothesis?A.Makeanassumption.B.Illustrateanargument.C.Giveasugges

tion.D.Justifyacomparison.29.Whatdoesthephrase“contingenton”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Acceptedby.B.Determinedby.C.Awakenedby.D

.Discoveredby.30.AsforKant’sargument,theauthoris_________.A.appreciativeB.doubtfulC.unconcernedD.disappr

oving31.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould_________.A.comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviousonesB.co

ntinueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinhistoryC.stoparguingwhethertheuniverseisasimulationD.turnsimulationso

ftheuniverseintorealitiesup.2023年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2023年全国乙卷】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivileg

eonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostofthewor

ld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecorde

dtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletod

ojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryi

sperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,we

havescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafter

hisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstric

tlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwis

ted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAb

originals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectsthey

made:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchast

hese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,but

theobjects.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthan

words.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.13.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A.Hisreportwas

scientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.14.Whatdoest

heunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.15.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthe

textmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWo

rldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories2022年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2022年全国甲卷】Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Austr

alia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofth

ere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfe

llowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndre

wshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Ia

sked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Igue

ss.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzge

rald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,incl

udingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.I

t’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattracti

ons.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheI

talians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafo

undationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Hei

sright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney

’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment.D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.13.Whatcanwele

arnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.14.Whatdoe

sShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinte

rnational.15.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.mod

ernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.Passage2【2022年北京卷】Quantum(量子)computershavebeen

onmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’veals

ohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.Theotherisp

hysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcom

panieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecance

r,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingp

romisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomput

ingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,jou

rnalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,e

xcitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsome

thingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”

AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsabout

it.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcerns

donotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcompu

ter,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentaloto

ftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’

mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.31.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,

theauthorfeels________.A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited32.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisd

ominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“p

rone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage

?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComput

ingEverLiveUptoItsHype?Passage3【2022年天津卷第二次】RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,to

beloving,tomakesomedifferenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.Mostpeoplepre

fertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovidesho

rt-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedoncomfortandluxurymayeventually

leadtomorepainbe-causewespoilourhealthandevenourcharacter,principles,ideals,andrelationships..Whatthen,isthesecreto

fagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectatio

ninreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Onlywhenweexamineours

elvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitations,andthenworkaccordinglytocreateabetterworld.Thefirstre

quirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty,wefindourjobsotiresomethatwe’llsoonburnout.However,when

wedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesomet

imesblindsustothereality.Consequently,ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoutcome,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequipth

emselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledg

eisthesteeringwheel(方向盘).Iftheenginelackspower,thcarcan’tmove;ifthedriverlosescontrolofthesteering,aroadaccidentprobabl

yoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtherightknowledgeinmindcanweleadagoodlife.Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreatea

betterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseetheimpactofourgoodworkontheworldwegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.51.Whateffectdo

esthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?A.Makingussimple-mindedB.Makingusshort-signted.C.Leadingusontoabusyroad.D.Keep

ingusfromcomfortandluxury.52.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanonegaintruehappiness?A.Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.B.Bygoingthroughpain

andsuffering.C.Byrecognizingone’sabilitiesandlimitations.D.Throughofferinghelpmuchneededbyothers.53.Accordingto

Paragraph4,doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone________.A.lessselfishB.lessannoyingC.morem

otivatedD.moreresponsible54.Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?A.Whenwehavewrongknowledgeoftheworld.B.Whenourlovefortheworldisins

ufficient.C.Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.D.Whenwestayblindtothereality.55.AccordingtoParagraph5,li

fecanbemadetrulygoodwhen________.A.inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledgeB.directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledgeC.purifiedbyloveandenrichedbyknow

ledgeD.promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge2021年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2021年全国甲卷】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterested

humankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondoneman

andexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandar

ts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorsse

tthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunackno

wledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“r

eally,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobefor

childrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolute

lynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherev

ertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminethea

ppearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,

whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?.A.They'r

eunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythink

themselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobei

nfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvict

ors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.Ge

niusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuckPassage2【2021年全国乙卷】Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustral

ianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.I

nfactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandl

inephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralian

swhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwh

ileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhome

phone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhaps

hadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamili

es,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoe

verringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwoul

dtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?24.W

hatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexde

sign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.26.Wha

tcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtot

heirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfallo

utofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.Passage3【2021年北京卷】Earlyfifth-centuryphilosop

herSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimeva

riesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvan

cedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconside

ringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasingl

yawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopet

oliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？Recently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstan

cesonourplanet，conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofse

veralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowatt

heirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunsl

ower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservato

rythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphon

es．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinr

elationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismeth

odoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，peo

ple“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurviv

al．Likewise，rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness．WhenSt．Augustineadmittedhisina

bilitytodefinetime，hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefine

dcontext．Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid，andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose．31WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Timekeepingisincre

asinglyrelatedtonature．B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms．C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit．D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscien

tists．32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentC.highlighta

nexperimentD.introduceanapproach.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife．B.Ne

wwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems．C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower．D.Moder

ntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers’temporalframe．34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage？A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime．B.Afixedframew

illmaketimemeaningless．C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature．D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality．Passage4【2021年天

津卷第一次】Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizardwasgrowingdusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfac

eontheskinofthelizardtomyhusbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.Ididn'tthinka

boutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmyfavoriteteapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthemess,I

wonderedwhywehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband'sbirthday.Hehadjustlosthisjob.Theunc

ertaintywasstartingtowearonus,soIwantedtodosomethingspecial.“Let'smakeacakeforDad!”Icried.Mykidsscre

amedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostoftheday.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetab

le!Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbesideth

ecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.Threed

aysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveralfrustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbands

uggestedwatchingtheMichaelJordandocumentaryseriesTheLastDance.ThepoignancyofJordanretiringfromhisbelo

vedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhi

sbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhimleavingbehindthelayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemcho

sethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Ir

ealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.Humansdonotshedskinaseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchan

geisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidthatno

matterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.40．Whatcanwelearnabout

thepetlizardfromParagraph1?A．Itstankgrewdirty.B．Itsoldskincameoff.C．Itgotaskindisease.D．Itwentmissing

.41．Whydidtheauthor'shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?A．Thebirthdaycakewasruined.B．Theauthormadegoodpuddings.C

．Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.D．Theycouldn'taffordabirthdaycake.42．WhydoestheauthormentionTheLastDanceinthepassage?A．Toproveatheo

ry.B．Todefineaconcept.C．Todevelopthetheme.D．Toprovidethebackground.43．Theunderlinedpart"leavingbehindthelayer"inParagraph8canbeunde

rstoodas.A．lettinggoofthepastB．lookingforanewjobC．gettingridofabadhabitD．givingupanopportunity44．Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?A

．Loveoffamilyhelpsussurvivegreathardships.B．It'snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.C．Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.D．Pastexperien

cesshouldbetreasured.Passage5【2021年天津卷第一次】Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleabouta

lotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thi

srequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.There

isagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtoke

epup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkatthe

officeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingpla

ces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderange

ofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadpers

pective（视角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohis

patientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.

Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,hasediteds

everalhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolear

nmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingu

snewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Develop

broad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.51．Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto___

__.A．narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB．avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC．knowmoreaboutthesocietyD．broadenhisperspectiveonlife52．Thespecial

istsmentionedinParagraph3tendto______.A．treasuretheirfreedomB．travelaroundtheworldC．spendmosttimeworkingD．enjoymeeti

ngfunnypeople53．Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho_____.A．isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB．isapurespecialisti

nmedicineC．shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD．bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork54．Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwith

theexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachance

tosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．BeMoreaGen

eralistThanaSpecialistB．SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC．TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD．WaystoBecomeaGen

eralist2020年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometim

esreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,Ilivedoutadventures

throughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshel

vingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandboo

kswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbo

okstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoicea

ndtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,Iseemyc

hildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrela

tionshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreader

sandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshou

ldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Freq

uentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasachild?

A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.P

leasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelo

pedwiththereaders.34.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibrarie

s.D.Purchasehernovels.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.My

LoveoftheLibraryPassage2【2020年北京卷】CertainformsofAIareindeedbecomingubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthugevolumesoftradin

gonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystem

saresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytrueforthespecifictasksforwhichthesystemshavebeendesigned.Thatissomething

thatsomeAIdevelopersarenoweagertochange.Someoftoday’sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday’sworldof“weak”or“narrow”AI,tocreate“str

ong”or“full”AI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI).Insomerespects,today’spowerfulcomputingmachin

esalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsu

ggestsolutionstomanyproblems.DM,acompanyfocusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambitionto“solveintelligence”.“I

fwe’resuccessful,”theirmissionstatementreads,“webelievethiswillbeoneofthemostimportantandwidelybeneficialscientificadvancesevermade.”Sincetheearl

ydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedthee

ventualcreationofan“ultra-intelligentmachine…thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力的)activitiesofanyman,howe

verclever.”Goodwentontosuggestthat“thefirstultra-intelligentmachine”couldbe“thelastinventionthatmanneedeve

rmake.”Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad,powerful,man-madeintelligentmachineshavebeenreinforced(强化)bymanyworksoffiction—MaryShelley’sFrankenstein

andtheTerminatorfilmseries,forexample.ButifAIdoeseventuallyprovetobeourdownfall,itisunlikelytobeatthehandsofhuman-shaped

formslikethese,withrecognisablyhumanmotivationssuchasaggression(敌对行为).Instead,IagreewithOxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,whobe

lievesthattheheaviestrisksfromAGIdonotcomefromadecisiontoturnagainstmankindbutratherfromadoggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpen

seofeverythingelse.ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat.Butalloftoday’sexciteddiscussionaboutthesepossibilitiespresupposesthefactthatwewillbeabletob

uildthesesystems.And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld’sforemostAIresearchers,Ibelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthat

wewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ubiquitous”inParagraphIprobablymean?A.Enormousinquantity.B.Change

abledaily.C.Stableinquality.D.Presenteverywhere.43.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?A.Helptotackleproblems.B.Ma

kebrainsmoreactive.C.Benefitambitiouspeople.D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.44.AsforIrvingGood’sopiniononultra-intelligentmachinestheauthoris__

__________.A.supportiveB.disapprovingC.fearfulD.uncertain45.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?A.Itmaybeonl

yadream.,B.Itwillcomeintobeingsoon.C.Itwillbecontrolledbyhumans.D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.Passage3【2020年江苏卷】Iwasinthemiddleofthe

Amazon(亚马逊)withmywife,whowasthereasamedicalresearcher.Weflewonasmallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotsp

eakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenthannot,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.W

ewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunningwater

orelectricityItwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscall

ingfrombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.Iamnotgoodatsoccer,butthateveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewt

herules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscameoverthefieldandthematchended,thegoalkeeper,Juan,

walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,“Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?”Iwassurprised.AfterIexplainedtoJ

uanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.InJuan’sworld,eac

hvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan’sworld.theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.Anythingwaspossible.Inoursociety,weknowth

atEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatourplanetfromeveryangleandfoundallofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ican,frommycomputerathome,pu

llupsatelliteimagesofJuan’svillage.Therearenomorecontinentsandnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleasti

tseemsthatway.Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan’squestion,Iwasnotsurehowmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout.Iam,inpart,ana

ntbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknowaboutinsectlifeandIknewthatmuchintheworldofinsectsremainsunknown.Howmuch,though?Howignorant(

无知的)arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewsp

ecies,newmonkey,newspider…,andonandontheyappear.Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscovere

dwithdozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.TheseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerd

iscoveriesoutthere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerfort

hesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsom

ethingelse,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliantoccasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosesci

entistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion(穷尽),andattheris

koftheridiculeoftheirpeers.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowthei

rliveschangedourviewoftheworld.Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorgan

isms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.65.Howdidtheauthorfeelon

hisarrivalintheAmazon?A.Outofplace.B.Fullofjoy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.66.WhatmadethatAmazonianeveningwonderful?A.Helearnedmoreaboutthelocallangua

ge.B.Theyhadaniceconversationwitheachother.C.Theyunderstoodeachotherwhileplaying.D.Hewonthesoccergamewiththegoalkeeper.67.Whywastheauth

orsurprisedatJuan’squestionaboutthemoon?A.Thequestionwastoostraightforward.B.Juanknewsolittleabouttheworld.C.T

heauthordidn’tknowhowtoanswer.D.Theauthordidn’tthinkJuanwassincere.68.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarti

cles?A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tol

earnmoreaboutlocalcultures.69.Howdidthosebrilliantscientistsmakegreatdiscoveries?A.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.B.Theyfollowedothers

cientistsclosely.C.Theyoftencriticizedtheirfellowscientists.D.Theyconductedin-depthandclosestudies.70.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepass

age?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossible.B.TheKnownandtheUnknown.C.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilized.D.TheIgnorantandtheIntelligen

t.2019年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2019年江苏卷】WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachin

e?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,th

eyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnolo

gy)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtr

ytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingse

ctor(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmo

vedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Th

ishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequesti

on,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendi

ngelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychil

dalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedi

ntofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample,af

ascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweli

veina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheres

ultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeofthever

ynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.Understandingtechnol

ogicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationalleve

ls,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybecom

ecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto____

______.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyB.aslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictofpublicopinionsD.awasteo

flimitedresources62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould__________.A.takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesatt

ractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessary

regulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Igno

ringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peoplesh

ouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicp

oliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.Passage2【2019年天津卷】Imusthavealwaysknownreadingwasveryimportantbecaus

ethefirstmemoriesIhaveasachilddealwithbooks.TherewasnotonenightthatIdon'tremembermomreadingmeastorybookbymybe

dside.Iwasextremelyinspiredbytheelegantwaythewordssounded.Ialwayswantedtoknowwhatmymomwasreading.Hearingmomsay,"Ican'tbelievewhat'sprintedinthenews

paperthismorning,"mademewanttograbitoutofherhandsandreaditmyself.Iwantedtobelikemymomandknowallofthethingssheknew.S

oIcarriedaroundabook,andeachnight,justtobelikeher,Iwouldpretendtobereading.Thisishoweveryonelearnedtoread

.Wewouldstartoffwithsentences,thenparagraphs,andthenstories.Itseemedanunendingjourney,butevenasasix-year-oldgirlIre

alizedthatknowinghowtoreadcouldopenmanydoors.Whenmomsaid,"TheC-A-N-D-Yishiddenonthetopshelf,"Iknewwherethecandywas.Myprogressin

readingraisedmycuriosity,andIwantedtoknoweverything.Ioftenfoundmyselftellingmymomtodrivemoreslowly,sothatIcouldreadalloftheroadsignswepassed

.Mostofmyreadingthroughprimary,middleandhighschoolwasfactualreading.Ireadforknowledge,andtomakeA'sonmytests.Occasionally,Iwouldreadanove

lthatwasassigned,butIdidn'tenjoythistypeofreading.Ilikedfacts,thingsthatareconcrete.Ithoughtanythingabstractlefttoomuchroomforargument.Yet,nowth

atI'mgrowingandtheworldIonceknewasbeingsosimpleisbecomingmorecomplex,Ifindmyselfneedingawaytoescape.Byopeninganovel

,IcanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworldwhereIamnowanewcharacter.Intheseworlds

Icanbecomeanyone.Idon'thavetowritedownwhathappenedorwhattechniquetheauthorwasusingwhenheorshewrotethis.Ijustrea

dtorelax.We'retaughttoreadbecauseit'snecessaryformuchofhumanunderstanding.Readingisavitalpartofmylife.Readingsatisfiesmyde

siretokeeplearning.AndI'vefoundthatthepossibilitiesthatliewithinbooksarelimitless.41.Whydidtheauthorwanttograbthenewspaperoutofmom'shands

？A.Shewantedmomtoreadthenewstoher.B.Shewasanxioustoknowwhathadhappened.C.Shecouldn'twaittotearthenewspaperapart.D.She

couldn'thelpbutstopmomfromreading.42.AccordingtoParagraph3，theauthor'sreadingofroadsignsindicates________

___A.heruniquewaytolocateherselfB.hereagernesstodevelopherreadingabilityC.herefforttoremindmomtoobeytrafficrulesD.hergrowingdesiretoknow

theworldaroundher.43.Whatwastheauthor'sviewonfactualreading？A.Itwouldhelpherupdatetest-takingskills.B.Itwouldallowmuchroomforfre

ethinking.C.Itwouldprovidetrueandobjectiveinformation.D.Itwouldhelpshapearealisticandseriousattitudetolife.44

.Theauthortakesnovelreadingasawayto___________.A.exploreafantasylandB.developapassionforleaningC.learn

abouttheadultcommunityD.getawayfromaconfusingworld45.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.TheMagicofReadingB.ThePleasureofReadi

ngC.GrowingUpwithReadingD.ReadingMakesaFullManPassage3【2019年天津卷】WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlif

ehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninpriso

n.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350y

ears.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion

:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofs

teambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalki

ngaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostof

us，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit

.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But，ifwearewillingtolean，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolv

einformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetry

toplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationande

nthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeac

ommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomem

oralconcept.Manyofusequate（视……等同于）“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfa

nadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjust

bybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervant

estoshowthat_________.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagai

nsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.Endone

'sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.53.Whatcouldbeinferredfrom

Paragraph4？A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmi

nd.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？A.Atoughmancantoler

atesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pityC.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife55.Wh

atistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage？A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingrespo

nsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.2018年阅读理解议论文P

assage1【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeply

focusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligen

ce.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenex

ttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbene

fits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.S

malltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatInd

ianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains

.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofesso

rofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tos

peakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperi

ence.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocia

lnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,a

bond..withothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.32.Whatphenomenonisdesc

ribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Imp

atiencewithslowservice.33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusi

ngonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelation

ships.B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Con

versationCountsB.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilencePassage2【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketo

befloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidho

wtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourd

aughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewla

rgerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金）(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomi

ngadoctor)Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohel

pthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyfora

slongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichose

aredrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit

,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunc

h.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinas

ingleobjectworkedforbothofus.32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.E

arnmoreandspendmore.33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A.SavingupforherholidayB.RaisingmoneyforapoorgirlC.Addingthemoney

toherfundD.Givingthemoneytoasickmother34.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.TotryoutanideaB.Toshowaparent

'sloveC.TotrainhisattentionD.Tohelphimstartahobby35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfrom

KidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGivingPassage3【2018年北京卷】PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftens

eemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaD

epartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompa

niestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingth

ewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillb

eeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorf

orworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakers

alsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearriv

alofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowew

anttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself

-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,wh

ichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpay

ingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpe

opletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCalif

orniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissi

onsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Fewe

remissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailing

services,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepri

cesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.zxxkPolicymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehi

clesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresent

sachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefut

ureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.hel

pdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverle

sscars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcern?A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂fielded＂inParagr

aph4probablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Po

sitive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.Passage4【2018年江苏卷】Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconso

mmé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrest

aurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedth

emselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplaterathe

rthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellh

owmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,nonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andth

eywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopspr

efercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).When

classical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:diner

swhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpec

ttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding.highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitche

ndoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,"giventhatthey'reprofi

table.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuf

fet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3

mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.

notfondofthefoodprovided59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.Playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingt

helightbrighter,D.Usingplatesoflargersize.60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsr

estaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.Passage5【2018年江苏卷】Childrenasyoungastenar

ebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovalth

eygetonline,oftenthrough“likes”.Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedou

tbyChildren'sCommissioner(专员）AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotional

risks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonlin

e.Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungsters

admittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—tode

mand“likes”fortheironlineposts.Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickl

y,andaroundtheclock.Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy"whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10t

o12agegroupwere"concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongerthe

oldertheybecome.MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheirappearan

ceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemand

sofsocialmedia.Shesaid:"Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprima

ryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool

."Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoft

heirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumiss

something,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetheri

nahugewayatonce.""Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally."TheChildren'sCommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes

—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.However,theresearch—involvingeight

groupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondarysch

ool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirposts

werepopular,thereportfound.However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymi

ghtfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人）ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessag

esatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.TheChildren’sCommissionersaidschoolsandp

arentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区）theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustals

o"takemoreresponsibility".Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestoth

eneedsofyoungerusers.JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropr

iaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocia

lmedia.“It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”65.Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoo

muchpressure?A.Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.B.Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks.C.Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.D.They

werepreventedfromusingmobilephones.66.Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause.A.theydidn'tadequatelycheck

theirusers'registrationB.theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungstersC.theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotosD.

theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate67.Children'scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto.A.lessfriendlinesstoeachotherB.lowerself-identi

tyandconfidenceC.anincreaseinonlinecheatingD.astrongerdesiretostayonline68.AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecame

moreanxiousto.A.circulatetheirpostsquicklyB.knowthequalitiesoftheirpostsC.usemobilephonesforplayD.getmorepublicapprova

l69.Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?A.Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.B.Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.C.Kee

ptrackofchildren'suseofsocialmedia.D.Forbidtheirchildrenfromvisitingtheweb.70.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theinfluenceofsocialmedi

aonchildren.B.Theimportanceofsocialmediatochildren.C.Theprobleminbuildingahealthyrelationship.D.Themeasuretoreducerisksfromso

cialmedia.Passage6【2018年天津卷】Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawareness

isassharpasitcouldbe,you’llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild’sdayisfilledwithfasc

ination,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb(麻木

的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadha

bits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness

.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudent

sbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrea

lizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey’dfeltcoldwateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsess

ion(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a"ruby-crownedkinglet"andchec

keditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepressuresof"time"and"destination"aref

urtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurr

edtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat’saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey’dseen."Oh,afewbirds,"theysaid

.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsand

sensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.51.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore________.A.anxio

ustodowondersB.sensitivetoothers’feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem52.Whatideadoestheauthorconv

eyinParagraph3?A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteacher’sadvice.D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.53.Thebirdwatch

ers’behaviorshowsthatthey________.A.areverypatientintheirobservationB.arereallyfascinatedbynatureC.ca

reonlyaboutthenamesofbirdsD.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides54.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurrounding

sduringthejourney?A.Thenaturalbeautyisn’tattractivetothem.B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.

D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.55.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould________.A.filloursensestofeelthewondersofthe

worldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.openourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbesttoprotectnature2017年阅读

理解议论文Passage1【2017年浙江卷】GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation

,51%ofkidsaged10to18gotobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-

to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalot

ofrest;mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNationalSleepFoun

dationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?Watch

TV."MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(机会)tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,

"saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedan

dmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormones

notonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteen

agers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsinEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom

7:25amto8:30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.25.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?A.Americankids’sleepinghabit

s.B.Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases.C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.26.Howman

yhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?A.7hours.B.8hours.C.10hours.D.18hours.27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarska

don?A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.D.Theydon’tneedtog

otoschoolearly.Passage2【2017年浙江卷】FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyea

rsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichre

quireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingt

ocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocateswo

rrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Oth

erssayit’sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheyca

ncontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsareeventougher.Thegover

nmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmi

gration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly’s

then56.7millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofat

otalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants’childrenaccountingforaneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinI

taly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence(居住权)wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersist

erinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.It

aliansalways"seemeasaforeigner,"anoutsider,eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluent

ly,shesaid.28.WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.C.TofindabetterjobinIt

aly.D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.29.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay.A.reduceItaly’spopulat

ionquicklyB.causeconflictsamongpeopleC.leadtofinancialdifficultiesD.putpressureonschools30.WhatdoweknowaboutCojo

chru?A.SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly.B.SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.C.ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.D.Shewishestogobacktoherhomec

ountry.Passage3【2017年北京卷】Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatesto

thepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNo

rbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway:＂Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyin

terfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.＂Ama

chinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistenc

e.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatth

emachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecu

resuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstv

erydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuch

amatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficul

tquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordin

aryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Therearep

robablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAI

researchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.

Otherssaywecanjust＂switchthemoff＂asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.Stillothersthinkt

hatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,＂Anyonewhoexpectsaso

urceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.＂However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinvente

dtheneutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay

____________.A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanamathematician68.Machineswithspec

ificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto____________.A.preventthemselvesfrombeing

destroyedB.achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches69.Ac

cordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto____________.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfromb

eingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.Itw

illdisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayfo

radecade.Passage4【2017年江苏卷】OldProblem,NewApproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwill

continueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstill

facethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadapt

ation.Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandar

d,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:"Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation."Never

theless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepo

orcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereo

therssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics

,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.But

heisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstoprevents

tarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousr

egioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheg

laciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,wh

enitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlyti

medirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3of

water.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhi

chthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplan

et.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycool

edtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexamplesh

ouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacier

thathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedref

lectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslis

tof"100ideastosavetheplanet".Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmineownsana

reaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecli

ningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygro

wingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.When

thepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbus

inessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadap

tourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.65.Theunderlinedparti

nParagraph2implies.A.adaptationisanever-changingprocessB.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationf

ormsD.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport

.B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.D.Theprojectconnectsfl

oodedroadsandhighways.67.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?A.Storingiceforfutureuse.B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.C.Chan

gingtheirrigationtime.D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.68.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.B

.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.69.Accordingtotheauthor,pollu

tingindustriesshould.A.adapttocarbonpollutionB.planthighlyprofitablecropsC.leavecarbonemissionaloneD.f

ightagainstcarbonpollution70.What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?A.Settingupanewstandard.B.Reducingcarbonem

ission.C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.Passage5【2017年天津卷】Ireadsomewherethatw

espendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours?Tounderstandtheis

sue,let’stakealookatthreetypesof“waits”.TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait.Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofall.Takefilli

ngupthekitchensink(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinku

ntilit’sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeoftheco

unterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait

.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.ProperlypreparingpackagednoodlesouprequiresaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspeci

fic.“Bringthreecupsofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes,removefromheat,letstandfiveminutes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasactuallyfollo

wedtheproceduresstrictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatience.PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusuali

nthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymea

nthatitwillhappen.Turningone’slifeintoawaitinggamerequiresfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamong

us.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.

Aslongasonedoesn’tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.Wecertainlydospendago

oddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilala

rgebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate.You’reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.51.WhiledoingaWatched-PotWait,wetendto___________.A.keepoursel

vesbusyB.getabsent-mindedC.growanxiousD.stayfocused52.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheForcedWaitandtheWatched-PotWait?A.TheForcedWaitrequiressomeself-

control.B.TheForcedWaitmakespeoplepassive.C.TheWatched-PotWaitneedsdirections.D.TheWatched-PotWaitengagesbodyandbrain.53.Whatcanwelearnabout

theLucky-BreakWait?A.ItislessvoluntarythantheForcedWait.B.Itdoesn’talwaysbringthedesiredresult.C.ItismorefruitfulthantheForcedWait

.D.Itdoesn’tgivepeoplefaithandhope.54.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodothenexttimewearewaiting?A.Takeitseriously.B.Don’

trelyonothers.C.Dosomethingelse.D.Don’tloseheart.55.Theauthorsupportshisviewby____________.A.exploringvariouscausesof“waits

”B.describingdetailedprocessesof“waits”C.analyzingdifferentcategoriesof“waits”D.revealingfrustratingconsequenc

esof“waits”2016年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsis

nonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored(监控)indifferentways,researc

hersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople’se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisa

stersandsobstories.＂The‘ifitbleeds’ruleworksformassmedia,＂saysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania.＂Theyw

antyoureyeballsanddon’tcarehowyou’refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon’twantthemto

thinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.＂Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication—e-mails,Webpostsandreviews,face-to-faceconversations—foundth

atittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消极的),butthatdidn’tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewsshar

edmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeop

lespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes’website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe＂moste-mailed＂listforsixmonths.One

ofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.Hefoundthat

scienceamazedTimes’readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.Readersalsotendedtosharearticlest

hatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused(激发)onewayor

theother,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,＂Contagiou

s:WhyThingsCatchOn.＂32.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?A.Newsreports.B.Researchpapers.C.Privatee-mail

s.D.Dailyconversations.33.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?A.They’resociallyinactive.B.They’regooda

ttellingstories.C.They’reinconsiderateofothers.D.They’recarefulwiththeirwords.34.Whichtendedtobethemoste-maileda

ccordingtoDr.Berger’sresearch?A.Sportsnews.B.Sciencearticles.C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.35.Whatcanbeasuit

abletitleforthetext?A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWide.B.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople.C.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes.D.Good

NewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks.Passage2【2016年浙江卷】"DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamlastFriday?"LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyesshining,To

ribrags,"YoubetIdid.Seantoldmetwodaysago."WhoareLindseyandToritalkingabout?Itjusthappenstobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwh

attheyaresayingis(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren’tverydifferentfrommoststudentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyof

ourconversationsaregossip(闲话).Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialp

ressuresinagroup.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic—brea

kups,troubleathome,evendroppingout—thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.Themoreembarrassingorshamefulthesecretis,thejuiciert

hegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthinkofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.Ifweknowthatgossipc

anbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesinanothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor(传言)canmakeapersonfeelimpo

rtantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon’t.Similarly,hearingthelatestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe"ingroup."Inotherwords,gossipissat

isfyingbecauseitgivespeopleasenseofbelongingorevensuperiority(优越感).Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritte

n,unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviorsina

group.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwithislaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid

,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsayingsomethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thedo’sanddon’tsconve

yedthroughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetospreadthelatestn

ews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour"juicystory"mighthave.41.Theauthorusesaconversation

atthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.introduceatopicB.presentanargumentC.describethecharactersD.c

larifyhiswritingpurpose42.Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatit___________.A.breaksuprelationshipsB.embarrassesthelistener

C.spreadsinformationaroundD.causesunpleasantexperiences43.Intheauthor’sopinion,manypeopleliketogossipbecauseit__

_________.A.givesthemafeelingofpleasureB.helpsthemtomakemorefriendsC.makesthembetterattellingstoriesD.enablesthemtomeetimp

ortantpeople44.ProfessorDavidWilsonthinksthatgossipcan___________.A.providestudentswithwrittenrulesB.helppeoplewatchtheirownbehaviorsC.fo

rceschoolstoimprovestudenthandbooksD.attractthepolice’sattentiontogroupbehaviors45.Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?A

.Neverbecomeagossiper.B.Stayawayfromgossipers.C.Don’tletgossipturnintolies.D.Thinktwicebeforeyougossip.Passage3【2016年北京卷】WhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecoll

egeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebe

cominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasad

ecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however

,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparents

gosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomy

andadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.T

oprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves＂tryingon＂newwaysofthin

kingaboutoneselfbotherintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide＂safespaces＂withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinions

andchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialwor

ldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbel

onging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargera

ndcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharact

eristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,the

insensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburs

tout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweena

dolescent’sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormsto

bereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehav

iorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionb

etweensafetyandself-discovery.67.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A.Sympathetic.B.Disa

pproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.68.Theunderlinedword＂passage＂inParagraph2means_________.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension69.Accordingto

theauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?A.Todevelopasharedidentityamongstudents.B.Todefineandregulatestudents’socialbehavior.C.Toprovideasafeworldwithou

ttensionforstudents.D.Tofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment.70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedeve

lopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionPassage4【2016年上海卷】Istherelink

betweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatour

actionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemi

ssions(排放)from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly

200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thi

sishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoas

talcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃Tomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemis

sionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands,worsedrought(干旱)anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdin

thenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribati,

whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheind

ustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃Thebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.70.Itcanbeconcludedfro

mparagraph1that_______.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B.gasemissionshavebeeneffec

tivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC.theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming7

1.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.Thehumanpopula

tionwouldincreasebyonethird.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightenthei

remissionstargets.D.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.72.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaxi

mumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe_______.A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃Passage5【2016年四川卷】Ifyoucould

haveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethroughwalls,orhavesuperh

umanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.Everydayinourwork,weare

inspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatal

lofuspossess:thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We’renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoug

hdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytos

omethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contribut

ealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbigg

estdifferencewhenyou’reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemo

strewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimpro

veintheyearsahead.24.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yo

urtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.25.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday?A.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpower

s.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwo

rk.26.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Wor

kinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesoft

hepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.Peopl

e’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.2Passage6【2016年天津卷】Failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneve

rhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:asstart-upfatigue(疲惫)andperformancefa

tigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseithaseithertooboringortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwe

feel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones.Thesolutionisobviousthoughperh

apsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102essaysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownr

ule,Ideterminedtowritetheminalphabeticalorder(按字母顺序),neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIalwaysstartedtheday’swork

withthedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Experienceprovedthattheruleworks.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.T

houghwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,Iwor

kashardasIcan—thenlettheunconscioustakeover.WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica(《大英百科全书》),Ihadtocreateatableofcontentsbasedonthet

opicsofitsarticles.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions,butnoneo

fthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvi

ncemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutio

nclearlyinmind.Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.ThoughIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltn

ofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.51.Pe

oplewithstart-upfatiguearemostlikelyto_____________.A.delaytasksB.workhardC.seekhelpD.acceptfailure52.Whatdoestheauthorrecommenddoingt

opreventstart-upfatigue?A.Writingessaysinstrictorder.B.Buildingupphysicalstrength.C.Leavingoutthetoughestideas.D.Dealingwiththehardesttaskfirst.53.O

nwhatoccasiondoesapersonprobablysufferfromperformancefatigue?A.Beforestartingadifficulttask.B.Whenallthesolu

tionsfail.C.Ifthejobisratherboring.D.Afterfindingawayout.54.Accordingtotheauthor,theunconsciousmindmayhelpus_____________.A.ignorementalproblemsB

.getsomenicesleepC.gaincompletereliefD.findtherightsolution55.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SuccessIs

BuiltuponFailureB.HowtoHandlePerformanceFatigueC.GettingoverFatigue:AWaytoSuccessD.Fatigue:AnEarlySignofHealthProblems2015年阅

读理解议论文Passage1【2015年新课标Ⅱ卷】Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear(间隔年)beforegoingtouniversity.Itus

edtobethe“yearoff”betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginated(起源)withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexa

msinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.Thisyear,25,310studentswhohaveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheir

entryuntilnextyear,accordingtostatisticsonuniversityentranceprovidedbytheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService(UCAS).Thatisarecord14.7%increas

einthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHigginsfromUCASsaidthatthestatisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducation.“S

tudentswhotakeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmoremature

andresponsible,”hesaid.Butnoteveryoneishappy.OwainJames,thepresidentoftheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS),arguedthattheincre

aseisevidenceofstudenthardship–youngpeoplearebeingforcedintoearningmoneybeforefinishingtheireducation.“Newstudentsarenowawarethat

theyarelikelytoleaveuniversityupto￡15,000indebt.Itisnotsurprisingthatmoreandmorestudentsaretakingagapyeartoearnmoneytosu

pporttheirstudyforthedegree.NUSstatisticsshowthatover40%ofstudentsareforcedtoworkduringtermtimeandthefigureincreasesto90%dur

ingvacatingperiods,”hesaid.29.Whatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetext?A.Itisflexibleinlength.B.Itisatimeforrela

xationC.ItisincreasinglypopularD.Itisrequiredbyuniversities30.AccordingtoTonyHiggins.studentstakingagapyear____.A.arebetter

preparedforcollegestudiesB.knowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejobC.aremorelikelytoleaveuniversityindebtD.haveabetterchan

cetoentertopuniversities31.HowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegap-yearphenomenon?A.He’spuzzledB.He’sworriedC.He’ssurprisedD.He’sannoyed32.Whatwouldmost

studentsdoontheirvacationaccordingtoNUSstatistics?A.Attendadditionalcourses.B.MakeplansforthenewtermC.EarnmoneyfortheireducationD.Preparefortheirgra

duatestudiesPassage2【2015年浙江卷】Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars，wewouldgoindarknesshappily,them

idnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivingin

thesun'slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon'tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit'stheonl

ywaytoexplainwhatwe'vedonetothenight:We'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsofthiskindofe

ngineeringcomewithconsequences—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionisla

rgelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ⅲ-designedlightingwashes

outthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels—andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,including,ourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanl

ightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,l

eavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We'vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryof

anunlitnigh,-darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowonEarth,iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.We’velituptheni

ghtasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalsp

eciesisastonishing,Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁铁).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspea

kofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithb

rightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrigh

terthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Hum

ansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalcl

ockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—t

helightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceinth

euniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.50.Acc

ordingtothepassage,humanbeings.A.prefertoliveinthedarknessB.areusedtolivinginthedaylightC.werecuriousabout

themidnightworldD.hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon51.Whatdoes“it”(Paragraph1)mostprobablyreferto?

A.Thenight.B.ThemoonC.TheskyD.Theplanet52.Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto.A.provideexamplesofanimalprotection

B.showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD.explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined53.Itisimpliedinthelastpa

ragraphthat.A.lightpollutiondoseharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB.lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC.humanbeingscannotgototheo

uterspaceD.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse54.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMagicLight.B.TheOrangeHa

ze.C.TheDisappearingNight.D.TheRhythmsofNature.Passage3【2015年重庆卷】LakeLander·2hoursagoToday,amantalked

veryloudonhisphoneonatrainbetweenMalvernandReading,makingmanypassengersupset.IwonderhowhewouldreactifIweretoreadmynewspaperoutloudonthet

rain,Ihaveneverhadthecouragetodoit,though.Pak50·57minutesagoWhynotgiveitatry?Perhapsyoushouldtakelessonsonamusicalins

trument.ThelatemusicianDennisBrianissaidtohaveaskedafellowtrainpassengertoturnoffhisradio.Whenhisrequestwasrefused,hetookouthisFre

nchhorn(号)andstartedtopractice.AngieO’Edema·42minutesagoIdon’tseehowmusicalinstrumentscanhelpimprovem

annersinpublic.Don’tdotootherswhatyouwouldn’tliketobedonetoyourself.Once,apassengernexttometalkedoutloudonhismo

bilephone.Ileftmyseatquietly,givinghimsomeprivacytofinishhisconversation.Herealizedthisandapologisedto

me.WhenhisJointhediscussion…phonerangagainlater,helefthisseattoanswerit.Yousee,abitofrespectandcooperationcandothejobbetter.Taodas·29minutesago

Ididreadmynewspaperoutloudonatrain,anditturnedoutwell.Theguytookitingoodpart,andwechattedhappilyallthewaytoEdin

bergh.Sophie76·13minutesagoIhavenottriedreadingmynewspaperoutloudonatrain,but,severalyearsago,IreadsomechaptersfromHarryPorterto

myboredandnoisychildren.SeveralpassengersseemedtoappreciatewhatIdid.44.ThepassengermadeanapologytoAngieO’Edem

abecause____.A.heofferedhisseattosomeoneelseB.hespokeveryloudlyonhisphoneC.herefusedtotalkwithAngieD.heignoredAngie’srequest45.Whoo

ncereadanewspaperoutloudonatrain?A.Pak50.B.AngieO’Edema.C.Taodas.D.Sophie76.46.Whatisthediscussionmainlyabout?A.Howtoreacttobadbehavior.B.Ho

wtokilltimeonatrain.C.Howtochatwithstrangers.D.Howtomakeaphonecall.47.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytake

nfrom?A.Awebpage.B.Anewspaper.C.Anovel.D.Areport.Passage4【2015年北京卷】Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffe

ctseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampl

eathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(调查)onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstoda

ycontinuetobe＂very＂or＂somewhat＂overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurvey

salsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingt

omanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsa

refailingtoletgooftheir＂adult＂children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchange

inthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege

-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeantha

ttheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchi

ldrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbet

weenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequests

formoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.T

hankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondthero

lethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechn

ologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.67.Thesurveysinformusof__________.A.thedeve

lopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechil

drenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication68.Thewriterbelievesthat__________.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.

thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantages[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]C.technologyexplainsgreaterinvolvementwiththeirchildre

nD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence69.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAtti

tude[来源:学科网ZXXK]B.DependenceorIndependenceC.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementorCommuni

cationAdvancement70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?Passage5【2015年广东卷】DanielAnderson,afamouspsych

ologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.Weten

dtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatit

reducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages(影像).Inst

ead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyof

charactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththe

m,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.Anotherargum

entagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatch

ingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortso

frecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastro

ngerinfluenceonachild’sreading."Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads,"Andersonsays.Traditionalwisdomalsohasitthathe

avytelevision-watchinglowersIQ(智商)scoresandaffectsschoolperformance.Buthere,too,Andersonnotesthatnostudieshaveprovedit.Infact,researchs

uggeststhatit’stheotherwayaround."Ifyou’resmartyoung,you’llwatchlessTVwhenyou’reolder,"Andersonsays.Yet,peop

leoflowerIQtendtobelifelongtelevisionviewers.Foryearsresearchershaveattemptedtoshowthattelevisionisdangeroustochildren.However,b

yshowingthattelevisionpromotesnoneofthedangerouseffectsasconventionallybelieved,Andersonsuggeststhattelevisio

ncannotbecondemnedwithoutconsideringotherinfluences.36.BywatchingTV,childrenlearn__________.A.imagesthroughwor

dsB.morethanexplicitmeaningsC.moreaboutimagesthanwordsD.littleaboutpeople’spsychology37.Aneducationalprogramisb

estwatchedbyachild___________.A.onhisownB.withotherkidsC.withhisparentsD.withhisteachers38.Whichofthefollowingismostrelatedtochildren’sreadingabi

lity?A.Radio-listening.B.Television-watching.C.Parents’readinglist.D.Parents’educationalbackground.39.Andersonbelievesthat.A.themo

reachildwatchesTV,thesmarterheisB.theyoungerachildis,themorehewatchesTVC.thesmarterachildis,thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedtoTV[来源:Zxxk.Com]D.thele

ssachildwatchesTV,thebetterheperformsatschool40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toadviseontheeducation

aluseofTV.B.TodescribeTV’sharmfuleffectsonchildren.C.ToexplaintraditionalviewsonTVinfluences.D.TopresentAnderson’sunconvention

alideas.Passage6【2015年湖北卷】“Iseeyou’vegotabitofwateronyourcoat,”saidthemanatthepetrolstation.“Isitrainingoutthere?””No,it’

sprettynice,”Ireplied,checkingmysleeve.“Oh,right.Apony(马驹)bitmeearlier.”Asithappened,thebitewasvirtuallypainles

s:morethekindofsmallbiteyoumightgetfromanaughtychild.TheponyresponsiblewasqueuingupforsomeicecreaminthecarparknearHa

ytor,andperhapsthoughtI’djumpedinaheadofhim.ThereasonwhytheponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyar

eaandtouristsareconstantlyfeedingtheponiesfoods,despitesignsaskingthemnotto.Byfeedingtheponies,touristsincreasetheriskofthemge

ttinghitbyacar,andmakethemhardertogatherduringthearea’sannualponydrift(迁移).Thepurposeofaponydriftistogatherthemupsotheirhealthcanbechecke

d,thebabyonescanbestoppedfromfeedingontheirmother’smilk,andthosewho’vegonebeyondtheirlimitedareacanbereturnedtotheircorr

ectarea.Someofthemarealsolatersold,inordertolimitthenumberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.Threeweeksago,Iwitne

ssedasmallnear-disasterafewmileswestofhere.Whilewalking,Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.“Hello!”Isaidtohim,assuminghewas

justrollingforfun,buthewasverystilland,asIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.Ibegantoproperlyworryabouthim.Fortuna

tely,ImanagedtogetintouchwithaDartmoor’sLivestockProtectionofficerandsendheraphoto.Theofficerimmediatelysentalocalfarmerouttocheckonthepo

ny.Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim,andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.Dar

tmoorhas1,000orsoponies,whoplayacriticalroleincreatingthediversityofspeciesinthisarea.Manypeopleareworkinghardtoprese

rvetheseponies,andtryingtocomeupwithplanstofindasustainable(可持续的)futureforoneofDartmoor’smostfinancially-troubledelements.51.Whyaretouristsaskednot

tofeedtheponies?A.ToprotectthetouristsfrombeingbittenB.TokeeptheponiesoffthepetrolstationC.ToavoidputtingtheponiesindangerD.Topreventthepon

iesfromfighting52.Oneofthepurposesoftheannualponydriftis______________.A.tofeedbabyponiesonmilkB.tocontrolthenumberofponiesC.toexpa

ndthehabitatforponiesD.toselltheponiesatagoodprice53.Whatastheauthor’sfirstreactionwhenhesawaponyrollonitsback?A.HefreeditfromthetrapB.Hecalledap

rotectionofficerC.HeworriedaboutitverymuchD.Hethoughtofitasbeingnaughty54.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthepreservationofDartmoor’sponies?A.Itlack

speople’sinvolvement.B.ItcostsalargeamountofmoneyC.ItwillaffecttourisminDartmoor.D.IthascausedanimbalanceofspeciesPassage7【

2015年湖北卷】Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgestostandup.Inde

edscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation(诱惑)todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authoro

fTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresis

tthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanatte

mpttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?What

arethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssu

rveysawiderangeofdisciplines（学科）.Consideringthis,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisb

ookinanunorthodox(非常规的),andperhapsunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints

,perhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,wehearaboutthe

scienceofchilddevelopment,andastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthi

sthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.[来源:学+科+网]Onthewhole,Brooks’sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldex

pect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhiso

wn.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimalli

eelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.67.Theauthormentionsthefun

ctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.illustratewheresciencecanbeappliedB.demonstratethevalueofBrooks’snewbookC.remindthere

aderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks68.Accordingtotheauthor,whic

hofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsconvincingpoints.C.Itsclearwriting.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.69.Whatistheauthor’

sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.70.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph

?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooks’slifeexperiences.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooks’stranslationskills.Passage8【2015年湖南卷】ForgetC

yclists,PedestriansAreRealDangerWearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.■Yes,manycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriversare

disrespectfulofcyclists.Butpedestriansareprobablytheworseoffenders.Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongthepavementwitheyesandhandsgluedtoth

emobilephone,quiteunawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroadatapedestriancrossingorelsewhere.Th

erestofushavetoevade(避让)themorjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.Therealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtobe,atleas

tforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.—MichaelHoran■Ilovedth

eletterfromBobBrooksaboutcyclists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidtheyseemtothinktheyowntheroads.IwaswalkingacrossAltrin

chamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeandonbeingaskedwhathewasdoingheshoutedatme.Thegovernmentbuiltacyclelaneontheroadbutiti

shardlyused.Thepolicedonothing.Whatalaughtheyare!Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketsandlightsa

tnightandinthemorning.Theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearingthem.—CarolHarvey■Cyclistsjumponandoffpaveme

nts(whicharemeantforpedestrians),rideatspeedalongthepavements,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrighttogothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareonred.Iwasalmos

tknockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhentherewasacyclelanerightnexttohim.Otherroadusers,includinghorseriders,managetoobeyther

ulessowhynotcyclists?It’sabouttimetheyhadtoberegisteredandinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicle,orcauseanaccid

ent,atleasttheycanbetracedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaim.—JMLWritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.56.Mic

haelHoranwrotethelettermainlytoshowthat________.A.driversshouldbepolitetocyclistsB.roadaccidentscanactuallybeavoidedC.somepedestriansareathr

eattoroadsafetyD.walkingwhileusingphoneshurtsone’seyes57.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould_______.A.beprovidedwithenoughroadsB.beaskedtorideont

heirownlanesC.bemadetopaylesstaxforcyclingD.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen58.WhatisacomplaintofJML?A.Veryfewdriversareinsured.B.Cyclistsride

fastonpavements.C.Pedestriansgothroughredtrafficlights.D.Horseridersdisrespectotherroadusers.59.Theunderlinedword"they"inthethirdletterref

ersto________.A.accidentsB.vehiclesC.pedestriansD.cyclists60.Thethreeletterspresentviewpointson_______.

A.realsourcesofroaddangersB.waystoimproveroadfacilitiesC.measurestopunishroadoffencesD.increasedawarenessofroadrulesPassag

e9【2015年江苏卷】Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshould

helptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershavei

dentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandthei

rrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtopart

icipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreas

elevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninte

rnalfactor(e.g.,"Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome")toanexternalfactor(e.g.,"IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso").Whenthathappens,peoplebecomele

sslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,wha

tleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhicht

heytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactio

nasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyo

u,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento"trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesitu

ationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience".Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonind

ividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview"volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunte

erwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthe

degreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwho

Iam."Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelen

gthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:"Onceanindividualbeg

insvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity...ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecogni

zedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity".61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof_________.A.academicrequirementsB.socialexp

ectationsC.financialrewardsD.internalneeds62.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.B.Volun

teersshouldgetmentallyprepared.C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvi

ce.63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-sh

irts.C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoGetPeopleto

VolunteerB.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC.HowtoKeepVolunteers’InterestD.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivitiesPa

ssage10【2015年天津卷】OncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment,a

ndthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadviceI’veeverhad:Beboldandbrave—andmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid.ThosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenIhadfal

lenshortinthepast,itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefrom

tryingatall.Ontheotherhand,wheneverIhadplungedintodeepwater,forcedbycourageorcircumstance,IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthegro

undagain.Boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyouaresureyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepoten

tialpowerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideas—evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritua

lones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasanexcellentfootballplayer,eventho

ughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer,whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgo

alline,”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet(子弹)—andstoppedhi

mcold.”Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidence

buildsup.Surely,therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife;boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandf

ailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyoura

bilities—andyou’llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.51.Whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast?A.Hefacedh

ugerisks.B.Helackedmightyforces.C.Fearpreventedhimfromtrying.D.Failureblockedhiswaytosuccess.52.Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheu

nderlinedpart?A.Swallowmorethanyoucandigest.B.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.C.Developmoremysteriouspowers.D.Learntomakecreative

decisions.53.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim’ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?A.Hisphysicalstrength.B.Hisbasicskill.C.Hisrealfear.D.Hisspirit

ualforce.54.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5?A.Confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults.B.Tryingwithoutsuccess

ismeaningless.C.Repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife.D.Boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle.55.Whatistheauthor’s

purposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toencouragepeopletobecourageous.B.Toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower.C.Totellpeopl

ethewaystoguaranteesuccess.D.Torecommendpeopletodevelopmoreabilities.