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1ChristopherColumbus1ChristopherColumbus'fatherwasabusinessman,aweaver.Hismother'sfamilywerealsoweave

rs.MaybetheyhopedthatonedayChristopherwouldgointotheweavingbusinesstoo,butChristopherhadideasofhisown.Growingupinthesea

portcityofGenoa,Italy,hehadwatchedshipscomingandgoingallthetime,andhebegantodreamofsailingoutonagreatadve

ntureofhisown.2Lotsofpeopledreamofadventureswhentheyarechildren,butChristopherdidn'tjustdream,hedidsomethingaboutit.Heworkedhardtogetwhathewanted.On

ethingthathedidearlyinhislifewastogetagoodeducation.Hedidn'tgotoschoolforlong,buthecontinuedhiseducationonhisowntobesurethathelearnedtheth

ingsthathewouldneedtoknow.HetaughthimselfLatinandSpanish,sothathecouldcommunicatewithpeoplefromdiffe

rentplaces.Whenhewas14yearsold,hesignedonasadeckhandonsailingshipstolearnallaboutsailing.3Atthattime,manyshipsweresailingoffonadventures.Someofthem

sailedeast,aroundAfricatoreachwhattheycalledtheIndies,whichincludesthemoderncountriesofIndia,China,andJapan

.Columbus,knowingthattheworldwasround,thoughtthathecouldgettherebysailingwest.Hedidn'tknowthattherewerewholecontinents,North

andSouthAmerica,andthenthePacificOceaninhisway!4Thevoyagewestwouldbeanexpensiveone,andColumbus'firstjo

bwastofindsomeonerichtosponsorhim.Aftermanytries,QueenIsabellaandKingFerdinandofSpaintookaninteresti

nhisplan.Columbushadaskedforalot,andmaybehewassurprisedwhentheyagreedtoeverythingheaskedfor;threeships,honorsandti

tles,andapercentoftheprofitfromthetrade.5HisthreeshipswerenamedtheSantaMaria,thePinta,andtheNina.TheSantaMariawast

helargest;itwasaheavycargoshipwiththreemasts,twosquaresails,onetriangularsail,andanotherlittletopsail.T

hePintawassmallerandfaster,thekindofshipcalledacaravel.TheNinawasacaraveltoo,andthesmallestofthethree.Theshipsweremadeofwoodand,ofcours

e,hadnomotors.Someoftheofficers2hadbunkbeds;someoftheothersailorsdidn'tevenhavethat.Theyusedwoodtocooktheirfoodinfireboxesonthedeck.6Columbu

s,whocalledhimselfCristobalColoninSpain,captainedtheSantaMaria.Twobrothers,MartinandVincentePinzon,werethecaptainsofthePintaandtheNina.Altoge

ther,therewereabout90menonthethreeshipsthatsetsailinAugustof1492.7Columbuskeptalog,orajournal,thatgivesusinformationabo

uthisvoyage.Fromhislog,weknowthattheysailedby"deadreckoning,"whichwastheirwayofmeasuringtheircourse.Theyusedonlyamagneticco

mpass,andmeasurementsofdistanceandtime,tokeepthemontrack.Theshipsaveragedaspeedofabout150milesperday,butwhenthewindwasgood,theycouldgotwicethatfas

t.Whenthewindstopped,theshipssatstilltoo.8Thetripturnedouttotakemuchlongerthananyoneonboardexpected.Aftermanydaysandnightsatsea,thesail

orswerereadytoreturnhome.OnOctober10,Columbustalkedthemintosailingforwardforjustthreemoredays.OnOctober12,t

heysightedland,andthesamedaytheylanded,notintheIndies,butintheNewWorld.Therest,astheysay,ishistory.