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专题12阅读理解说明文、议论文1.（2023年新高考I卷C篇）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailede

xplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone

,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesin

creasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconclu

desbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlinea

ctivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoub

elievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndi

gitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llhearthesepart

icipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserl

ookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitud

e(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswit

hacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildam

inimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkin

gskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedw

ord“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofparton

e?A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththe

practicesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.A【解析】【导语

】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigita

lminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightf

oryou.(这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfrom

optionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewil

lprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的

精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingo

utyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最

后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。【11题详解】推理

判断题。通过文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatw

ordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。2.（2023年新高考I卷D篇）OnMarch7,1907,the

EnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexper

imentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurat

e.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometoundere

stimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesi

milarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowd

srequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theacc

uracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywastha

twhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumbe

rofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewass

ignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentsthere

searcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfo

llowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey

“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.Alt

houghthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.12.W

hatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Theca

usesofpeople’serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.13.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseev

enif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcomm

unicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionpr

ocess.D.Theindividualestimates.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.【答案】12.B

13.D14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Thi

seffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andc

ometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamorea

ccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretech

nicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordepend

ent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们

的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估

计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确,的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewis

domofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatw

hencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremorea

ccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoff

ivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数

量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提

高也是可以做到的。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwha

tthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didthey

followthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估

计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althoughthestudiesledb

yNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormo

us.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。3.

（2023年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsarou

ndtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreadin

g,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandar

rangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadat

homeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysett

ingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyears

ago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),w

ealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morer

ecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—t

ransformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketh

eprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasint

eractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnotes

writtendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonit

oredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.8.Whereisthetextmos

tprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.9.Whataretheselectedart

worksabout?A.Wealthandintellect.B.Homeandschool.C.Booksandreading.D.Workandleisure.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Un

derstand.B.Paint.C.Seize.D.Transform.11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschange

dthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.【答案】8.B9.C10

.A11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。【8题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—th

ebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.(ReadingArt:ArtforBookLovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼

，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.(在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍

是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetween

differenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代

和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasize

stheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegener

ations.(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,butthe

yrecordmoments(这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relateto”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“itremainsasinte

ractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader(它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity(印刷书籍仍然

提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。4.（2023年新高考II卷D篇）Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeopleliv

inginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportant

forhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemto

submitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,c

oding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeac

hforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofca

tegoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswereno

tedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganest

ablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheacti

vitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayo

ungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafount

ainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneed

toprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.12.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthe

beginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.

D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.13.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplain

whytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagrap

h5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatu

reexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.15.Whatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithn

atureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication

.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动

可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeo

plelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativ

elywild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然

。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractio

ntheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.(他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份

书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Acrossth

e320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozenca

tegorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可推断，给游

客分类是为了区分不同的游客类别。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitie

sthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofession

alonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingal

ongafountainontheirlunchbreak.(命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中

心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工

作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuma

n-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorautho

rofthestudy.(“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。5.（20

23年浙江卷1月）AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithas

togrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeople

accepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhave

n’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthat

manycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theh

eadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotec

torsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardev

elopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesispro

vidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulations

overthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinat

orhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,citi

es—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoas

helterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarms

canhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.32．Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A．Thedeclineinthedem

andforsolarenergy.B．Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C．Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.D．Themostrecentad

vancesinsolartechnology.33．WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A．Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B．Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds

.C．Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.34．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A．Toconservepo

llinators.B．Torestrictsolardevelopment.C．Todiversifytheeconomy.D．Toensurethesupplyofenergy.35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefort

hetext?A．Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStayB．SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC．InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgricultureD．SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment【答案】32．B33．C34．A35．D【导语】本

文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsma

llstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该

地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。3

3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonesta

blishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”

可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.(

超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfa

rmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoili

mprovementandcarbonreduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得

到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。1.（2022年新高考I卷）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestow

aste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerin

vitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatI

threwout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewri

tesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatabl

e)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother

resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwo

uldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthe

backofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawber

riesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D．C．,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitin

tohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)produce

thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdownthero

ad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmore

foodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.24．Wha

tdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetable

sthanmeat.D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.25．Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?A．Moraldecline.B．Environmentalharm.C．Energyshor

tage.D．Worldwidestarvation.26．WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?A．Itproduceskitchenequipment.B．Itturnsrottenarugulaintocl

eanfuel.C．Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D．Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.27．WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A．Buyonly

whatisneeded.B．Reducefoodconsumption.C．Goshoppingonceaweek.D．Eatinrestaurantslessoften.【答案】24．B25．B26．D27．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华

盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。24．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我

们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIth

rewout.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Producingfoodthatnooneeats

wastesthewater,fuel,andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewerea

country,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写

道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandtu

rnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)produce

,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforus

einmealsdowntheroad.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在

路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyo

urweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，

科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。2.（2022年新高考I卷）Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Thepr

ojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsobeingu

sedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehen

sareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteac

hmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.”“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.”“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildreninto

seethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”Therearenow

700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.We

ndyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandt

hecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPath

ways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreati

veactivities.”28．Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A．Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B．Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C．Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D．

Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.29．HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A．Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B．Shehasgainedasenseofachie

vement.C．Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D．Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagr

aph7?A．Improve.B．Oppose.C．Begin.D．Evaluate.31．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itiswellreceived.B．Itneed

stobemorecreative.C．Itishighlyprofitable.D．Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【答案】28．D29．B30．C31．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在减少孤

独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。28.细节理解题。根据第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，

旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了减少孤独和提高老年人的幸福感。故选D项。29．推理判断题。根据第五段““It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingt

heirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedones

omethinguseful.”(有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好。)”可知，RuthXavier很享受做这些事，她觉得自己在做有用的

事，这能够给她来良好的感觉，因此可知通过该项目她获得了一种成就感。故选B项。30．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefi

rsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsand

funtheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”(彭福街60号的额外护理经理WendyWilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，WendyWilson是着手这项

工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embarkon意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C项。31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaofthe

projectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常

欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。)”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappy

tobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的

兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”)”可知，该项目得到了居民们的认可，大家很欢迎这个项目，而且这个项目将会带来一些好处，因此可知这个项目的反响很好，很受欢迎。故选A项。3.（2022年新高考I卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000diffe

rentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?

Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguag

es.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsoci

etiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfou

ndhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithard

toproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestr

ucture(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperio

d.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.Analysesofalangua

gedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringth

elastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspe

echsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedst

ablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinte

rplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32．WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánB

lasi’sresearchfocuson?A．Itsvariety.B．Itsdistribution.C．Itsquantity.D．Itsdevelopment.33．Whywasitdifficultfor

ancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclos

etheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidenc

efortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabl

edoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A．Itiskeytoeffectivec

ommunication.B．Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【答案】32．D33．C34．A35．C【导

语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnoted

thatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledb

yDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.(30多年前，学者CharlesHockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎

世大学的DamianBlasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因)”可知，DamianBlasi的研究关注的是这一趋势是如何产生的以及产生的原因，可知他的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。33．细节理解题。根据第

三段中的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouching

thelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.(他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对

齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音)”可知，因为古代成年人因为上下门牙是对齐的，他们的下颚结构跟现在的我们不一样，这就导致他们发不出这个唇齿音，也就是说他们的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿

音。故选C项。34．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeo

lithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundi

nthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没

有发现)”可知，此段主要是通过介绍语言数据库的分析结果来证实语音是发生了很大变化，有些以前使用的语音，现在不一定找得到，因此此处主要是通过相关证据进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Thesetofspeechsoun

dsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayis

theproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftherese

archteam.(研究小组成员StevenMoran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知，人类的语意一直在发展变化中，并不会一成不变，而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复

杂的相互作用而改变，因此可知StevenMoran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。4.（2022年新高考II卷）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicse

rvicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustabout

anymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingpho

tos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thec

hiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequire

sbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpubli

chealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersane

wdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckint

heoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythi

ngelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.O

rtiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtop

uttheirhandsonthecellphone."8．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A．Ineffective.B．Unnecessa

ry.C．Inconsistent.D．Unfair.9．WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A．Whereadrivercamefrom.B．Whetheradriv

erusedtheirphone.C．Howfastadriverwasgoing.D．Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"

something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Advice.B．Data.C．Tests.D．Laws.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ToDriveorN

ottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB．TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC．NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D．

TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．B【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候

是否使用了手机。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetrieda

widerangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放

下手机。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所

以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatis

notallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及

其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。10．词义猜测题。根据句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，some

thing是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone

.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。11．主旨大意题。

纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多

）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正地改变人们的行

为。故B选项TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。5.（2022年新高考II卷）Asweage,eve

nifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly6

0s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerf

or20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhat

happenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettingi

nshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereother

wisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(无氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttr

aining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.

Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLe

vine.“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmoreblooddur

ingexercise.”Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn’tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising

,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.“Weputhealthy70-year-old

sthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfort

heAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactl

ywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.12．WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A．Therightwayofexercis

ing.B．Thecausesofaheartattack.C．Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D．Theagingprocessoftheheart.13．Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermso

fresearchdesign?A．Dietplan.B．Professionalbackground.C．Exercisetype.D．Previousphysicalcondition.14．WhatdoesLevine’sresearchfind?A．Middle-aged

heartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.B．High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C．Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexer

cise.D．Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.15．WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A．Makinguseofthefindings.B．I

nterviewingthestudyparticipants.C．Conductingfurtherresearch.D．Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【答案】12．D13．C14．A15．

C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。12．推理判断题。根据第二段的““Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20y

earsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的

，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。13．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thefirstgroupparticipat

edinaprogramofnonaerobicexercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensitya

erobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的

不同，故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecond

groupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturn

edtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLevine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Butthe

studywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.(但这项研究

的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。6.（2022年浙江卷1月）TheUnitedStatesrosetoglobalpoweronthestrengthofitstech

nology,andthelifebloodthattechnologyhaslongbeenelectricity.Byprovidinglong-distancecommunicationandenergy,electri

citycreatedthemodemworld.Yetproperlyunderstood,theageofelectricityismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam,which

beganacenturyearlier."Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions."writesMaur

yKleininhisbookThePowerMakers,Steam,Electricity,andtheMenInventedModernAmerica.Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrativesolivelythatattimesi

treadslikeanovel.Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland,whereWattperfected"themachinethatc

hangedtheworld".Kleinwrites,"Americadidnotinventthesteamengine,butoncetheygraspeditspasswordstheyputittomoreusesthananyoneelse."Meanwhile,overthe

courseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.Morseinventedacodeforsendingmessagesoveranelectrom

agneticcircuit.Bellthengavethetelegraphavoice.Edisonperfectedanincandescentbullsthatbroughtelectriclightintot

heAmericanhome.Mostimportantly,Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification,whichheshowedinNewYorkCity.WithhelpfromTesla,Westinghouse

'sfirmdevelopedasystemusingalternatingcurrent,whichsoonbecamethemajorformsofpowerdelivery.Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afiction

alwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It'satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoa

ninterestingone.4．WhatisKlein'sunderstandingoftheageofelectricity?A．Itiscloselylinkedtothesteamage.B．Itbegane

arlierthanproperthought.C．Itisalittle-studiedperiodofhistory.D．Itwillcometoanendsoonerorlater.5．Whatcanbeinferre

daboutNed?A．HewasborninNewYorkCity.B．Hewrotemanyincreasingstories,C．Hecreatedanelectricitycompany.D．Helivedmainlyinthe19thcentury.6．Whatis

thetext?A．Abiography.B．Abookreview.C．Ashortstory.D．Asciencereport.【答案】4．A5．D6．B【分析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Itiscuri

ousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据

最后一段“Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolu

tionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile,overthe

courseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活

在19世纪。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbrought

aboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It'satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninter

estingone.”（为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了奈德这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。这是一种有助于将长篇故事变得有趣的技巧。）可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。7.(2022年浙江卷1月)T

hebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchersfoundthatmi

ddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelater

thanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsareexcitin

gbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementi

a."Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasurethei

rpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecrit

eriaforahighfitnesslevel,or120wattsorhigher.Atotalof92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory;and59womenwereinthelowfitnesscategory,definedasapeakwor

kloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirexercisetestsstoppedbecauseofhighbloodpressure,chestpainorothercardiovascularproblems.Thesewo

menwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyf

itwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfi

tness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprov

edfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant."S

healsoadmittedthatarelativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwereformSweden,sotheresultsmightn

otbeapplicabletoothergroups.7．Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．Positiveeffectsofdoin

gexercises.B．Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.C．Experimentalstudiesondiseases.D．Advantagesofsportywomanove

rman8．Whydidtheresearchersaskthewomentodobicycleexercise?A．Topredicttheirmaximumheartrate.B．ToassesstheircardiovascularcapacityC．Toch

angetheirhabitsofworkingoutD．Todetecttheirpotentialhealthproblems9．WhatdoweknowaboutDrHorder'sstudy?A．Itaimed

tofindacurefordementia.B．Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.C．Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.D．Theresultswerefarfromsatisfact

ory.10．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MoreWomenAreExercisingtoPreventDementiaB．Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExerciseC．FitWomenAr

eLessLikelytoDevelopDementiaD．BikingImprovesWomen'sCardiovascularFitness【答案】7．A8．B9．B10．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。7．细节理解题。根据

文章第一段“Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（失智症）inlaterlife,andastheydid,it

cameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要

晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。8．细节理解题。根据上文“Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople'sca

rdiovascularfitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至

防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeakcardiovascularcapacity.”（在这项研

究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选B项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Thesewomenwerethentestedfordement

iasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ne

wresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（失智症）inlaterlife,

andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举

实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。8.(2022年浙江卷6月)Allaroundtheworld,therearesmallchangestakingplace.Att

hesideofroads,behindschoolplaygroundsandonallkindsofunlovedpiecesoflandacrosstownsandcities,tinyforestsbarelythesizeoftenniscourtsareappea

ring,makingagreatplaceforbothwildlifeandlocalpeoplewhomaynotnormallyhaveeasyaccesstonature.ThisistheTinyForestmovement,whichaimstoprov

ethatthebestthingsinlifereallydocomeinsmallpackages.Tinyforestswerefirstpioneeredasaconceptinthe1970sbyDrMiyawaki,aJapanesebotanist.Ashewe

ntontosharehisconceptwithothers,theideasoontookoffinIndiaandothercountriesbeforeeventuallyreachingEurope,whereitbecamepopularinplaceslik

eFrance,BelgiumandtheNetherlands.Sohowdoesitwork?LouiseHartley,whoisleadingtheTinyForestprojectintheUK,expla

insthattheprocessbeginsbyidentifyingareasinwhichatinyforestcouldhavethebiggestinfluence.“Wefocusonurbanarea

swhereaccesstonatureisoftennotthateasy”,saysHartley.“Weseeitasachancetotrytobreakthegrowingdisconnectbetweenpeopleandnature.

”InaTinyForest,theremustbeaminimumof600trees,andthetreesareplantedmuchclosertogetherandwithoutchemicalsorfertilisers(肥料).Thereareusuallyaround

30differentkindsofall-nativetreespecies(物种).Thisvariety,coupledwiththefactthattinyforestsgrowuptotent

imesfasterthanstandardforests,meanstheyattractarichabundanceofwildlife.It’salsothoughtthattheseplacescou

ldhelpreducetheriskofflooding,removecarbonfromtheatmosphereandfightclimatechange,aswellasimprovingthementalhealthofthoselivinglocal

ly.4．WhatdoweknowabouttheTinyForestmovement?A．Ithasachievednotablesuccess.B．Itisledbynumberofschools.C．ItbeganinEuropein

the1970s.D．Itwillspreadtothecountryside.5．WhatisthepurposeoftheprojectledbyHartleyintheUK?A．Topromoteeco-tourism.B．Toimproveforestryresearch.C．

Topopularisegardening.D．Togetpeopleclosetonature.6．WhatisspecialaboutthetreesinaTinyForest?A．Theyaresmallins

ize.B．Theyarethicklyplanted.C．Theyareforeignspecies.D．Theyareheavilyfertilised.【答案】4．A5．D6．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。4．推理判断题。

根据第二段的“Ashewentontosharehisconceptwithothers,theideasoontookoffinIndiaandothercountriesbeforeeventuallyr

eachingEurope,whereitbecamepopularinplaceslikeFrance,BelgiumandtheNetherlands.(随着他继续与他人分享他的概念，这个想法很快在印度和其他国家流行起来，最终传到了欧洲，在法国、比利时和荷兰等地流行起来。)”可

知，“小森林”运动取得了显著的成功。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据第三段的““Wefocusonurbanareaswhereaccesstonatureisoftennotthateasy”,saysHartle

y.“Weseeitasachancetotrytobreakthegrowingdisconnectbetweenpeopleandnature.”(哈特利说:“我们关注的是城市地区，在那里接触自然往往不那么容易。我们认为这是一个尝试打破人与自然之间日益疏远的机会。”)”可知，

Hartley在英国领导的这个项目的目的是让人们接近自然，故选D。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“InaTinyForest,theremustbeaminimumof600trees,andthetreesareplantedmuchclosertogetherandwithoutche

micalsorfertilisers(肥料).(在一个小森林里，必须有至少600棵树，树木种植得更紧密，没有化学品或化肥。)”可知，“小森林”里的树的特别之处在于它们种得很密。故选B。9.(2022年浙江卷6月)Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximu

misthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedp

eopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhop

racticedextensivelyornotatall.Highlevelsofknowledgecanmakepeopletooattachedtotraditionalwaysofviewingproblemsacrossfieldsthearts,sciences,andpoli

tics.Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.Howlongwestay

ontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,w

hilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromcul

turesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychology

attheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmood(情绪)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhel

pimproveanypost-luncheffort.Markmanalsopromotesoff-tasktime.“Partofbeingagoodthinkerisexperiencingthingsthatareseemi

nglyunrelatedtowhatyouareworkingonatthemomentbutgiveyoufreshideasaboutyourwork,”hesays.“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigh

erlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.So,whenpeopledothingstoincreasetheirlifesatisfaction,theyalsomakethemselvesmoreeffectiveatwork.”

7．WhatdoesEllenLanger’sstudyshow?A．ItisworthwhiletobeaperfectionistB．Translationmakespeopleknowledgeabl

e.C．Simplerjobsrequiregreatercaution.D．Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.8．Theunderlinedword“go-getter”inparagraph3referstos

omeoneWho_______.A．isgoodathandlingpressureB．workshardtobecomesuccessfulC．ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob.D．getsonwellwithhis

co-workers9．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B．Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C．Achee

rfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D．Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.10．Whatdoesthetextseemtoadvocate?A．Middle-of-the-roadworkhabits.B．B

alancebetweenworkandfamily.C．Long-standingculturaltraditions.D．Harmonyintheworkenvironment.【答案】7．D8．B9．C10．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功

的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butre

searchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“Ina

studyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderat

elybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.(在哈佛大学EllenLanger领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那

些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用EllenLanger的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，EllenLanger的研究表明适度的

努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。8．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们

则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作

以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstoh

igherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。)”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第一段中“butresear

chhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“Highconscientiousnessisr

elatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工

作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。10.(2022年北京卷卷)“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfesso

rCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitrea

l—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andh

elpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.Systemsthinkingiscruci

altoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredan

dconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystem

sthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem;s

econd,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseou

tsidethesystem.Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished(营养不良)peop

leintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsb

etweencalories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandie

tsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjective

ofsystemsthinking-which,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritionsystem.Asystemsapproachtocreating

changeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalo

ne.Agoodwaytoredress(修正)suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.Moreresearcher

s,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Cr

ystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision”.8．Theauthorusesthequestionunderlinedin

Paragraph1to________.A．illustrateanargumentB．highlightanopinionC．introducethetopicD．predicttheending9．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnut

rition?A．Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn’tbeenachieved.B．Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.C．Machinelearningcansolvethenut

ritionproblem.D．Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.10．Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Itmaybeuse

dtojustifypowerimbalance.B．Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.C．Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.D．Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.【答案】8．C9．A1

0．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。8．推理判断题。由文章第一段““Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwo

uldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isararesk

ill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreatea

globalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.(“如果没有饥饿，世界会是什么样子？”这

是Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道，他们发现很难回答这个问题，因为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西，并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工程师，但很少教授给科学家。Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思

维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题-系统思维的方法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。故选C项。9．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Thisshowsthatwehavesomewayto

travelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking-which,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstitu

entpartsofthenutritionsystem.(这表明，在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前，我们还有一段路要走——在本例中，这是为了确定营养系统的更多组成部分。)”可知，实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走，现尚未实现。故选A项。10．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Crystalset

outtochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchalleng

es.(Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。故选B项。11.(2022年北京卷)Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.

Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoq

uantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fo

rdecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomp

uting,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppos

itedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tke

ep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”

Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,th

emselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,

Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypron

etohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,who

suggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-

foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesa

ys,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatw

ewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedo

ingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingt

oadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.11．RegardingJ

ohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A．sympatheticB．unconcernedC．doubtfulD．excited12．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A．His

dominanceinphysics.B．Thecompetitioninthefield.C．HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.13．Whatdoestheunderlined

word“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Open.B．Cool.C．Useful.D．Resistant.14．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthe

passage?A．IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComei

ntoBeing?D．WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】11．A12．C13．A14．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰

逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。11．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublica

nd,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Jo

hnsonwarns.（随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根

据最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B.unconcerned不关心的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.excited激动的

。故选A。12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomp

uter,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalo

toftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”（他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点

，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。13．词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumc

omputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoush

ouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应

该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A.Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故选A。14．主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now,bigte

chcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelp

us“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”（现在，大型科技公司和许多小

型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetitio

n“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（

PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真

的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。12.(2022年天津卷)Isittruethatourbrainaloneisresponsible

fohumancognition(认知)?Whataboutourbody?Isitpossibleforthoughtandbehaviortooriginatefromsomewhereotherthanourbrain?Psychologistswho

studyEmbodiedCognition(EC)asksimilarquestions.TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsoresponsibleforthinkingorproblem-solving.Moreprecisely,

themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.Ifyouthinkaboutitforamoment,itmakestotalsense.Whenyousmellsomethinggoodorhearamusin

gsounds,certainemotionsareawakened.Thinkabouthownewbornsusetheirsensestounderstandtheworldaroundthem.Theydon’thaveemotionssomuchasneeds—theydo

n’tfeelsad,they’rejusthungryandneedfood.Evenunbornbabiescanfeeltheirmothers’heartbeatsandthishasacalmingeffect.Intherealworld，theyc

rywhenthey’recoldandthengethugged.Thatway,theystarttoas-sociatebeingwarmwithbeingloved.Understandably,theoristshavebeenargu

ingforyearsandstilldisagreeonwhetherthebrainisthenervecentrethatoperatestherestofthebody.OlderWesternphilosophersandmainstreamlanguageresearchersb

elievethisisfact,whileECtheorisesthatthebrainandbodyareworkingtogetherasanorganicsupercomputer,processingeve

rythingandformingyourreactions.Furtherstudieshavebackedupthemind-bodyinteraction.Inoneex-periment,testsubjects(实验对象)wereasked

tojudgepeopleafterbeinghandedahotoracolddrink.Theyallmadewarmevaluationswhentheirfingertipsperceivedwarmthrather

thancoolness.Anditworkstheotherwaytoo;inanotherstudy,subjects’fingertiptemperaturesweremeasuredafterbeing“included”inor“rejected”fromagrouptask.Thos

ewhowereincludedfeltphysicallywarmer.Forfurtherproof,wecanlookatthemetaphors(比喻说法)thatweusewithouteventhinking.

Akindandsympatheticpersonisfrequentlyreferredtoasonewithasoftheartandsomeonewhoisverystrongandcalmindifficultsituationsisoftendescrib

edassolidasarock.Andthiskindofmetaphoricaluseiscommonacrosslanguages.Nowthatyouhavetheknowledgeofmind-bodyint

eraction,whynotuseit?Ifyou’rehavingabadday,awarmcupofteawillgiveyouaflashofpleasure.Ifyouknowyou’rephysicallycold,warmupbeforemakinganyinter

personaldecisions.46.Accordingtotheauthor,thesignificanceoftheECtheoryliesin________.A.facilitatingourunderstandingoftheorigi

nofpsychologyB.revealingthemajorroleofthemindinhumancognitionC.offeringaclearerpictureoftheshapeofhumanbrainD.bringingusclosertothetruthi

nhumancognition47.Wheredoesthenewborns’understandingoftheirsurroundingsstartfrom?A.Theirpersonallooks.B.Theirmentalneeds.C.Theirinneremotions.D.Thei

rphysicalfeelings.48.TheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4furtherprove________.A.environmentimpactshowwejudgeoth

ersB.howbodytemperatureisrelatedtohealthC.themindandthebodyinfluenceeachotherD.howhumansinteractwiththeirsurr

oundings49.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoprovebycitingthemetaphorsinParagraph5?A.Humanspeechisalivewithmetaphors.B.Humansenseshaveeffectsonthinking.C.Huma

nlanguageisshapedbyvisualimages.D.Humanemotionsareoftencomparedtonaturalmaterials.50.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.Tosharewith

thereaderwaystoreleasetheiremotions.B.Toguidethereaderontothepathtocareersuccess.C.Toencouragethereaderto

putECintopractice.D.Todeepenthereader’sunderstandingofEC.【答案】46.D47.D48.C49.B50.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了心理学家的一项EC理

论表明，我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知，我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更准确的说思想塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思想。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsoresponsible

forthinkingorproblem-solving.Moreprecisely,themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.(EC理论表明，我们的身体也负责思考或解决问

题。更准确地说，思维塑造身体，身体同等程度地塑造思维。)”可知，EC理论认为我们身体就像大脑一样塑造我们的认知，因此推断EC理论的意义在于让我们更接近人类认知的真理。故选D项。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theydon’thaveemotionssomuchasneeds—they

don’tfeelsad,they’rejusthungryandneedfood.Evenunbornbabiescanfeeltheirmothers’heartbeatsandthishasacalmingeffect.Intherealworld，theycrywhenthey’re

coldandthengethugged.Thatway,theystarttoas-sociatebeingwarmwithbeingloved.(他们没有如同需要那么多的情感——他们不会感到悲伤，他们只是饿，需要食物。即使是未出生的婴儿也能感觉到母亲的心跳，这具有镇

静作用。在现实世界中，他们冷了就哭，然后被拥抱。这样，他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来。)”可知，新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。故选D项。【48题详解】推理判断题。文章首句“Furtherstudieshavebackedupthemind-

bodyinteraction.(进一步的研究支持了思想与身体的相互作用。)”接下来列举了两个实验“Inoneexperiment,testsubjects(实验对象)wereaskedtojudgepeopleafter

beinghandedahotoracolddrink.Theyallmadewarmevaluationswhentheirfingertipsperceivedwarmthratherthancoolness.(在一项实验中，测试对

象被要求在递给热饮或冷饮后判断人。当他们的指尖感知到温暖而不是凉爽时，他们都做出了温暖的评价。)”表明，身体会影响到思想，以及“Anditworkstheotherwaytoo;inanotherstudy,su

bjects’fingertiptemperaturesweremeasuredafterbeing“included”inor“rejected”fromagrouptask.Thosewhowereincludedfeltphysicallywarmer.(相反，也是

如此；在另一项研究中，受试者的指尖温度是在被“纳入”或“拒绝”小组任务后测量的。那些被纳入在内的人感到身体温暖。)”表明身体会受到思想的影响，因此推断实验进一步证明了身体与思想间的相互作用。故选C项。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五

段中的主题句“Forfurtherproof,wecanlookatthemetaphors(比喻说法)thatweusewithouteventhinking.(为了进一步证明，我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用的比喻说法）。)”以及下文的陈述“Akindandsympath

eticpersonisfrequentlyreferredtoasonewithasoftheartandsomeonewhoisverystrongandcalmindifficultsituationsisoftende

scribedassolidasarock.(一个善良和富有同情心的人经常被称为心软的人，而在困难的情况下非常坚强和冷静的人通常被描述为坚如磐石。)”说明人们使用身体触感比喻人可推断，作者通过陈述比喻手法是为了进一步证明我们人类的感觉对思维有影响。故选B项。

【50题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nowthatyouhavetheknowledgeofmind-bodyinteraction,whynotuseit?(既然您已经掌握了身心互动的知识，为什么不使用它呢？)”以及下文中列举的两种现实生活中的情况“Ifyou’r

ehavingabadday,awarmcupofteawillgiveyouaflashofpleasure.Ifyouknowyou’rephysicallycold,warmupbeforemakinganyint

erpersonaldecisions.(如果你今天过得很糟糕，一杯温暖的茶会给你带来一瞬间的快乐。如果你知道自己身体很冷，在做出任何人际关系决定之前先热身。)”可知，理论知识已经知道，且在现实生活中有一定的运用价值，所以作者最后一段是在鼓励读者把EC理论运用于现实生活中。故选C项。13.

(2022年天津卷)RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,tobeloving,tomakesomedifferenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwords

ofwisdom,werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.Mostpeopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Th

isnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedoncomforta

ndluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbe-causewespoilourhealthandevenourcharacter,principles,ideals,andrelationships.Whatthen,

isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservi

ngotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wem

ustknowourselvesinsideout.Onlywhenweexamineourselvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitat

ions,andthenworkaccordinglytocreateabetterworld.Thefirstrequirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty,wefindour

jobsotiresomethatwe’llsoonburnout.However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.However,loveal

oneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoutcome,th

osewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangeroust

hanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel(方向盘).Iftheenginelackspower,thcarcan’tmove;ifthedriverlosescontrolofthe

steering,aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtherightknowledgeinmindcanweleadagoodlife.Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreate

abetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseetheimpactofourgoodworkontheworldwegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnl

astingjoyandhappiness.51.Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?A.Makingussimple-mindedB.Makingusshort-sig

nted.C.Leadingusontoabusyroad.D.Keepingusfromcomfortandluxury.52.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanonegaintruehappi

ness?A.Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.B.Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.C.Byrecognizingone’sabilitiesandlimitations.D.Throughofferingh

elpmuchneededbyothers.53.AccordingtoParagraph4,doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone________.A

.lessselfishB.lessannoyingC.moremotivatedD.moreresponsible54.Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?A.Whenwehavewrongknow

ledgeoftheworld.B.Whenourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.C.Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.D.Whenwestayblindtothereality.55.AccordingtoParagraph

5,lifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen________.A.inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledgeB.directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledgeC.purifiedbylo

veandenrichedbyknowledgeD.promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge【答案】51B52.D53.C54.A55.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是

生而快乐，而是生而有益。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-t

ermharmandsuffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B

项。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverys

ourceofourownhappiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。【53题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However,whenwedothatsamejobouto

flove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这

件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对

世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。【55题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.(带着爱和知识，我们全

力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。1.（2021年新高考I卷）.Whentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinen

tofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalreso

urceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofw

aterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandswe

redriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),ani

ncreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssov

italtotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDu

ckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRoos

eveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournatur

alresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatfori

nclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,bett

erthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalledoneofthemosts

uccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A

.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“de

cimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.

Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.The

FederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.A【解析】本文是一篇

说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。28.细节理解题

。根据第一段“Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地

减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。29.词义猜测题。根据前一句“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本

句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A.Acquire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Dist

ribute分配。故选C。30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemor

ethan5millionacresofhabitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，

故选D。31.主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲

述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。2.（2021年新高考I卷）Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intellingence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotional

intelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,

confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities

,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeitherg

oodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightusei

ttocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularb

eliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmoreben

eficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandot

hersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublica

ndresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthec

ontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientific

andscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyho

wpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatis

acommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesaset

ofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagrap

h2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopulari

zationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphm

ainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplicati

on.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。32.细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmay

contributetosomeofthesequalities(研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。33.推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The

abilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittoco

ntrolpotentialvictims.(医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——

情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。34.推理判断题。通过文章第三段“theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligenc

ehashelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认

为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。35.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudy

ofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanageth

eirlives.(我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。3.

（2021年天津卷）AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis(催眠)canred

ucepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging(医学影像)procedures.“Duringthee

xaminationchildrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.It'samazing,“saidJohanneL'Ecuyer,amedical-imagingtechnol

ogistatthehospital.TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsa

redoneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia(麻醉）.AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist—wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinth

emedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheprojectbetweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,f

ocusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.Hypnosisisnotastateofsleep:Itisratheramodified(改变的)stateofconsciousn

ess.Thetechnologistwillguidethepatienttothismodifiedstate—animaginaryworldthatwilldisassociateitselfmoreandmorefromtheprocedurethatfollows.“Th

etechnologistmustbuildupastorywiththepatient,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Thepatientisleftwiththepowertochoosewhathewantstotalkabout.Doyouplaysp

orts?Doyoulikegoingtothebeach?Weestablishasubjectthatwewilldiscussthroughouttheprocedure."Everythingthathapp

ensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory—aninjection（注射）becomesthebiteofaninsect;theheatonth

eskinbecomesthesensationofthesunandamachinethatringsbecomesapolicecarpassingnearby.“Theimportantthingist

hatthetechnologistassociateswhatishappeningoutsidethepatient'sbodywithwhatthepatientseesinhishead,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Itrequ

irescreativityonthepartofthetechnologist,imagination,alotofpatienceandkindness."Theprocedureappealedtothestaffalotwhenitwasintr

oducedinJanuary.ItspreadlikewildfirethatsomeonefromFrancewasheretotrainthetechnologists,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid.Sheaddedthatshehadalineofstaffatherdoorwanti

ngtotakethetraining.51．Oneoftheresultsproducedbythetrialprojectis________.A．abetterunderstandingofchildrenB．lessuseofcertainmedicinesC．newmedical

-imagingtechnologyD．animprovedreputationofthehospital52．TheFrenchtechnologistcametothechildren'shospitalto________

.A．assistintreatingapatientB．carryouthypnosistrainingC．startupanewdepartmentD．learnabouttheprocedure53．AccordingtoParagraph5,hypnosisworks

by________.A．creatingaperfectworldforpatientsB．forcingpatientsintoastateofdeepsleepC．puttingpatientsinto

anunconsciousstateD．leadingpatients'consciousnessawayfromreality54．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestoryusedintheprocedure?A．It

shouldkeeppacewiththeprocedure.B．Itreflectsthepatient'screativity.C．Itisselectedbythetechnologist.D．Ittellswhatdoctorsaredo

ingtothepatient.55．Theprocedurewasreceivedamongthestaffwith________.A．uncertaintyB．enthusiasmC．worryD．criticism56．Whatisthepassagemainlyab

out?A．Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.B．Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.C．Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.D．Theuseofh

ypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.【答案】51．B52．B53．D54．A55．B56．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛

苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。51．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-ima

ging(医学影像)procedures.”（该项目还导致用于医学影像程序的药品数量减少。）可知，实验的结果之一就是减少某些药物的使用。故选B。52．细节理解题。根据第三段“AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnol

ogist--alsoahypnotist--wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthemedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.”（一

位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工）可知，法国技术专家来儿童医院是做催眠培训来的。故选B。53．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Hypnosisisnotastateofsleep:Itisratheramodified（改变的）state

ofconsciousness.Thetechnologistwillguidethepatienttothismodifiedstate—animaginaryworldthatwilldisassociateitselfmoreand

morefromtheprocedurethatfollows.”（催眠状态不是一种睡眠的状态：而是一种被改变的意识状态。技术专家会引导病人进入这种改变的状态——一个想象中的世界，它会越来越脱离接下来的程序）可知，催眠是引导病人的意

识远离现实，进入一个想象中的世界。故选D。54．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory”（催

眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关）以及倒数第二段“Theimportantthingisthatthetechnologistassociateswhatishappeningoutsidethepatient'sbodywithwhatthepa

tientseesinhishead”（重要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里看到的联系起来）可知，故事必须跟整个催眠过程同步。故选A。55．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段“Theprocedu

reappealedtothestaffalotwhenitwasintroducedinJanuary.”（这个程序在一月份开始引进的时候，吸引了很多员工）以及最后一句“Sheaddedthatshehadalineofstaffath

erdoorwantingtotakethetraining.”（她补充说，有一队员工在她门口等着接受培训）可知，这个催眠程序受到了员工的欢迎。A.uncertainty不确定；B.enthusiasm热情；C.worry担心；D.criticism批评。故选B。56．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“

AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis(催眠)canreducepainandanx

ietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging(医学影像)

procedures.”（蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工）可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的应用。

故选D。4.（2021年1月浙江）Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,andchoosethelinetha

tlooksfastest.Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkingl

ot.1．Itturnsout,it'sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesa

tcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.2．Anysmallinterruption-apricecheck,achattycustomer-canh

avedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdiffere

ntregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability:3．Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.Researchers

haveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline-calledaserpentineline-andserveeachpersonatthefrontwit

hthenextavailableregister.4．Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoner

egisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.5．Ittakesmanyregi

sterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'taffordthespaceormanpower.Sowhereveryournextwaitmay

be:Goodluck.A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．Someofthemayh

avestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E.Howhighisthepro

babilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F.Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G.Butsometimes,asonaSund

ayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.【答案】1．A2．G3．D4．F5．B【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。1．下文“Itturnsout,it'sjustmathworki

ngagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.（原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快。）”解释了上文“Youchosewrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空

应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，故选A项。2．上文“Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.（杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾

客以最小的延误完成结账。）”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Anysmallinterruptionapricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffec

ts,holdingupanentireline.（任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线。）”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，故选G项。3．根据上文“Iftherearethreelinesint

hestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.（如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。）”联系下文“Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anoth

erlineprobablyismovingfaster.（所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快。）”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的几率只有三分之一。故选D项。4．根据“上文Researchershaveagoodwaytodeal

withthisproblem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon

'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonelittlebitbutspeedupcheckouto

verall.（这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度。）”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。5．结合

下文“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'taffordthespaceormanpower.（要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银

机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力。）”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly.(保持一条生产线的快

速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。5.（2021年1月浙江卷）Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispr

edictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesa

day.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970

s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepresse

dfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-depende

ntneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities（机会）for

childrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostpa

rentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha“good”,quicklyfollowedby"I'mhungry".Thisisalsomyexpe

rienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.

Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（

路线）,withdaysofregular,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandt

akesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit'scertainlyworthtryi

ng.41．WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A．Tomakecomparisons.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tosupportherargument.D．Topro

videexamples.42．WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?A．Plainlaziness.B．Healthprob

lems.C．Lackoftime.D．Securityconcerns.43．Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?A．Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B．Sh

ecankeepphysicallyfit.C．Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy.D．Shecanknowhersonbetter.【答案】41．B42．C43．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过否定沃特

金斯的预言，进而提出现在人们时间的紧缺和陪伴的重要性。41．推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Today:inAustralia:mostchildrenonaveragefall2:000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneed

toavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschoolwhilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.(今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩

子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了2000步。在上世纪70年代初，40%的孩子步行上学，而在2010年，这一比例降至15%)”说明作者根据沃特金斯的预言做了相关调查，并且写下了这篇文章。通读全文得知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了介绍文章主题。故选B项。42．细节理解

题。通过文章第三段中“Familiesarepressedfortime:manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dep

endentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.(家庭时间紧迫：许多家庭的父母都在为房子买单而工作，工作时间往往不是他们自己选择的，他们住在公共交通有限的依赖汽车的社区)”可知，导致澳大利亚儿童体育活动的减少的原因是时间不够。故选C项

。43．细节理解题。通过文章倒数第二段中“Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson’sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimit

s.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.(但是，在每天散步的某个地方，更多关于我儿子日常的事情出现了。我听到他在理解友谊及其局限性。这是一个意想不到的难得的机会，家长听到更多)”说明作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她

更了解她的儿子。故选D项。6.（2021年1月浙江卷）Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)usetocommuni

cate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.Thescientist

sdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatheri

neHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanim

alkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember."That'swhat'ssoamazin

gaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”Althoughpreviousres

earchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotapp

eartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.C

himpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Cl

imbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmothersbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyist

hatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outthere.thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.Dr

SusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanl

anguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatt

hechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandac

tions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,its

eemsthegulfremains."44．WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?A．Memorizingspecificwords.B．Understandingcomplexinformation.

C．Usingvoicestocommunicate.D．Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.45．WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?A．Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B．

Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C．Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.D．Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.

46．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Difference.B．Conflict.C．Balance.D．Connection.47．Whichofthefollowingi

sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ChimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthroughB．Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcomm

unicationskillsC．Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdomD．Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated【答

案】44．D45．B46．A47．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。44．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Onlyhumansandchimps,she

said,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息）

”可知，根据DrHobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。45．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromt

heUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresults

were“alittledisappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B

。46．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据

最后一段中的“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其

他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So,itseemsthegulfremains.（所以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。47．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“R

esearcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzeesusetocommunicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩

猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。7.（2021年6月浙江卷）Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeo

ntosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudyResearcherstr

ainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,

eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodi

stinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromthe

onesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewo

uldexpectbyrandomchance.Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingst

age."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinM

uller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliesto

anangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.""Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguis

hhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeab

ilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwit

hhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullers

aid.8.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfacesC.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewith

eachother9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.B.Diversemethodswereadoptedd

uringtraining.C.PicturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferentD.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethelest.10.What

isthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.Am

ajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.【答案】8.B9.C10.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类的面部表情，但目前还不清楚

它们为什么有这种能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。【8题】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimagesofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryf

ace.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情是高兴还是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。【9题】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthe

lowerhalfoftheperson’sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs’abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoft

heperson’sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.(在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面部表情的能力，向狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在

训练和测试阶段，狗看的照片是不一样的。故选C。【10题】主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,wh

ichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetw

eenthem”Mullersaid.(Muller说：“对我们来说，最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)

”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表情的可能原因。故选B。8.(2021年北京卷)Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecemb

er:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acredi

blescenario(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatersho

rtagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkablei

sespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notv

erylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternation

alscholars’warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismore

concernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(签署者)ofthewarningw

asBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.

Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscen

tury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwarningle

ttersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weall

wanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswh

osignedtheletterareintent(执着)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“andde

alwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane”inParagraph3pr

obablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,the

authoris________.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B.Thea

uthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.【答案】28.D29.A30.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章阐述了

全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告：政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的风险。文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。【28题

详解】词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccri

sesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止

了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A.Scientific科学的；B.Credible可信的，可靠的；C

.Original原来的，原创的；D.Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。本题要求判断作者的情感态度，根据原文第五段“yetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancea

relikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好）和倒数最后一段的呼吁，例如

“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroub

lingfuture.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可知，作者认为公众对“全球崩塌”的重视意识不够，比较担心，A.worried担忧的；B.puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.scared害怕

的，综合以上的分析，可见作者对此是“担忧的”，故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。原文诗歌“Manisavictimofdope;Intheincurableformofhope.”（人类是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于无可救药的幻想中）表达的是，人类无视未来全球崩塌的

巨大危险，把头埋进沙子里，假装不知道，充满不切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswilltu

rnoutfine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都希望事情在未来会变好），结合上下文，这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则提到执着于“quietinghopethatignore

spreparedness.”（掐灭不做准备的空有幻想），接着又借学者之口，提到“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”theysay,“anddealwiththeterrible

possibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可见，上下文一脉相承，表达相同的一方观点，未对另一方的观点

有任何呈现，理解文章后可知，作者有明显的态度倾向，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的，故选B。9.（2021年北京卷）Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattime

wasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-arta

tomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking．For

getabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifweallowedenv

ironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringa

lone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimeref

lectedthat？Recently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet，cond

itionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalf

lowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscont

inuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．

Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheiro

wntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmon

ywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsumin

glessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtim

etonaturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwar

dorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewise，rivertimeandotherti

mekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness．WhenSt．Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime，he

highlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext．Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid，andeachisaspraisewo

rthyasitspurpose．31WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature．B.Everyonecan

definetimeontheirownterms．C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit．D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists．32.Theaut

horraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperimentD.introd

uceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife．B.Newwaysofmeas

uringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems．C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower．D.Moderntechnologymayh

elptoshapetherivers’temporalframe．34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage？A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime．B.Afixedfram

ewillmaketimemeaningless．C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature．D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality．【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.C【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该

和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。【31题详解】.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswe

rdependsonthequestionyou'reasking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B

项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate

（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”进而提出问题“Whatifourdefini

tionoftimereflectedthat？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)”，结合前两个问题“Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifwea

llowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。【33题详解

】细节理解题。根据第三段的“We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Ifthe

riversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．（如果水道继

续以目前的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”可知，如果河流运行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二

段的“We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingtha

tweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Temporalco

nnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewise，rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencoura

geenvironmentalawareness(时间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样，河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能会鼓励人们提高环境意识)”可推断，从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境。故选C。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公

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