【文档说明】（2021-2023）新高考英语真题分项汇编专题12 阅读理解说明文、议论文（原卷板）.docx，共(29)页，89.292 KB，由管理员店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-30e33569e25d9185430eca447ea70d4d.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

专题12阅读理解说明文、议论文1.（2023年新高考I卷C篇）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andth

entoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,

Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremaking

somanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludes

byintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromopti

onalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineact

ivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarr

yingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.Y

ou’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencountere

dthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asust

ainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofc

ultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacolle

ctionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobui

ldaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimple

digitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexa

mples.D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Reco

mmendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.2.（2023年新高考I卷D篇）OnMarch7,1907,theEn

glishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.T

heexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccu

rate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtoover

estimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamore

accurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterm

s,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theacc

uracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywas

thatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromtheseg

roupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtaine

dfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20in

dependentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudentstheresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmember

sactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappened

someofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtog

ether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNava

jashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.12

.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D.The

designofGalton’sexperiment.13.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoc

casionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegro

ups.B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C

.Doubtful.D.Approving.3.（2023年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—t

hebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmad

elongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobey

ondcultureandtime.,Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnect

ionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasaf

ocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughto

rlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanall

relateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintin

gpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistsh

aveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopments

incommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,t

heprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyaus

er:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasingl

ynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”ac

tivity.8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewo

fmodernpaintings.9.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A.Wealthandintellect.B.Homeandschool.C.Booksandreading.D.Wor

kandleisure.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A.Understand.B.Paint.C.Seize.D.Transform.11.W

hatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewaywerea

d.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.4.（2023年新高考II卷D篇）Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth

,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketpa

rknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsof

natureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurba

npark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteract

iontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparti

cipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowav

es.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,ha

lfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablis

hedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeani

ngfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.B

ackdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealan

guagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnat

uresothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.12.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?

A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingcl

osetonature.13.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesof

park-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.14.Whatcanwelearnfro

mtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenaturee

xperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.15.Whatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccord

ingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.5.（2023年浙江卷1月）Accor

dingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogroweve

nfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,few

likelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmucht

houghttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.There

sultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”say

sJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorso

fthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”s

olardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovi

dinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades

,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideus

e.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.O

verthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resu

ltinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”s

aysMacknick.32．Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A．Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.B．Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C．Therisinglaborco

stofbuildingsolarfarms.D．Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.33．WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A．Improvetheproductivi

tyoflocalfarms.B．Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C．Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Promotet

heuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.34．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A．Toconservepollinators.B．Torestrictsolardeve

lopment.C．Todiversifytheeconomy.D．Toensurethesupplyofenergy.35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Pollinators:To

LeaveortoStayB．SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC．InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgricultureD．SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment1.（2022年新高考I卷）Likemostofus,Itry

tobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfr

iendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglybough

twaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstt

hemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeat

able)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeat

swastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbet

hethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefriger

ator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchen

inWashington,D．C．,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsan

dcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmea

lsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannec

essaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.24．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosho

wbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetables

thanmeat.D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.25．Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?A．Moraldecline.B．Environment

alharm.C．Energyshortage.D．Worldwidestarvation.26．WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?A．Itproduceskitchenequipment.B．Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C．Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D．Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.27．WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A．Buyonlywhatisneeded.

B．Reducefoodconsumption.C．Goshoppingonceaweek.D．Eatinrestaurantslessoften.2.（2022年新高考I卷）Theelderlyresidents(居民)

incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreduc

elonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnesso

fthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year

-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwe

nttoschool.”“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.”“It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandreside

ntscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethingusef

ul.”Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsu

pporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkonthepro

ject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcan

bringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillre

allyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”28．Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A．Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B．Toprov

idepart-timejobsfortheaged.C．Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D．Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.29．Howhastheprojectaf

fectedRuthXavier?A．Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B．Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C．Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D．Shehasdevelopedast

rongpersonality.30．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A．Improve.B．Oppose.C．Begin.D．Ev

aluate.31．Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itiswellreceived.B．Itneedstobemorecreative.C．Itishighlyprofitabl

e.D．Ittakesagestoseetheresults.3.（2022年新高考I卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”to

therareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdie

t-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsag

o,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthela

nguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerla

nd,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingi

thardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertopr

oducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasier

tochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobal

changeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfou

ndinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsounds

werepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyrema

inedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacom

plexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32．Whichaspectoftheh

umanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A．Itsvariety.B．Itsdistribution.C．Itsquantity.D．Itsdevelopment.33．Whyw

asitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclo

setheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Suppo

rtingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Area

sonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A．Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B．It

contributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.4.（2022年新高考

II卷）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodsto

persuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegetting

worse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsh

arply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted

（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimprover

oadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistractedd

rivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:Anofficer

arrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecen

tactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnota

llowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFéli

xW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peo

plearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."8．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A

．Ineffective.B．Unnecessary.C．Inconsistent.D．Unfair.9．WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A．Whereadrivercamefrom.B．Whet

heradriverusedtheirphone.C．Howfastadriverwasgoing.D．Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"int

helastparagraphreferto?A．Advice.B．Data.C．Tests.D．Laws.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ToDriveorNottoDrive

?ThinkBeforeYouStartB．TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC．NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDr

ivers.D．TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-5.（2022年新高考II卷）Asweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjusti

sn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstar

tevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”

saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven

’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamsel

ectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroup

participatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(无氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensi

tyaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“We

tookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLevine.“Andthereasontheygotsomu

chstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise.”Butthehe

artsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn’tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddleagewhen

theheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.“Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr

.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedst

oberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.12．Whatdoe

sLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A．Therightwayofexercising.B．Thecausesofaheartattack.C．Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D．The

agingprocessoftheheart.13．Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A．Dietplan.B．Professiona

lbackground.C．Exercisetype.D．Previousphysicalcondition.14．WhatdoesLevine’sresearchfind?A．Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobice

xercise.B．High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C．Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.D．Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourhe

artsget.15．WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A．Makinguseofthefindings.B．Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C．Co

nductingfurtherresearch.D．Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.6.（2022年浙江卷1月）TheUnitedStatesrosetoglobalpoweronthestrengthofitstechnology,an

dthelifebloodthattechnologyhaslongbeenelectricity.Byprovidinglong-distancecommunicationandenergy,electricitycreatedthemo

demworld.Yetproperlyunderstood,theageofelectricityismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam,whichbeganacenturyearlier."Itiscurio

usthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions."writesMauryKleininhisbookThePowe

rMakers,Steam,Electricity,andtheMenInventedModernAmerica.Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrativeso

livelythatattimesitreadslikeanovel.Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland,whereWattperfected"themachinethatchangedthew

orld".Kleinwrites,"Americadidnotinventthesteamengine,butoncetheygraspeditspasswordstheyputittomoreusesthanan

yoneelse."Meanwhile,overthecourseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.Morseinventedacodefor

sendingmessagesoveranelectromagneticcircuit.Bellthengavethetelegraphavoice.EdisonperfectedanincandescentbullsthatbroughtelectriclightintotheAmericanh

ome.Mostimportantly,Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification,whichheshowedinNewYorkCity.WithhelpfromTesla,Westinghouse's

firmdevelopedasystemusingalternatingcurrent,whichsoonbecamethemajorformsofpowerdelivery.Toframehisstory,Kleincreatesthecharacte

rofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slife

time.It'satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.4．WhatisKlein'sunderstandingoftheageofelec

tricity?A．Itiscloselylinkedtothesteamage.B．Itbeganearlierthanproperthought.C．Itisalittle-studiedperiodofhistory.D．Itwillcomet

oanendsoonerorlater.5．WhatcanbeinferredaboutNed?A．HewasborninNewYorkCity.B．Hewrotemanyincreasingstorie

s,C．Hecreatedanelectricitycompany.D．Helivedmainlyinthe19thcentury.6．Whatisthetext?A．Abiography.B．Abookreview.C．Ashortstory.D．Asciencereport.7.(2

022年浙江卷1月)Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedw

omenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelater

thanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’s

possiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia."Forth

estudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloa

dwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevel,or120wattsorhigher.Atotalof92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscate

gory;and59womenwereinthelowfitnesscategory,definedasapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirexercisetestsstoppedbecauseofh

ighbloodpressure,chestpainorothercardiovascularproblems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverth

efollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwit

hmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardi

ovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskof

dementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant."Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmall

numberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwereformSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbeapplicabletoothergroups.7．Whatisont

heever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.B．Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.C．Experimentalstudiesondi

seases.D．Advantagesofsportywomanoverman8．Whydidtheresearchersaskthewomentodobicycleexercise?A．Topredicttheirmaximumheartrat

e.B．ToassesstheircardiovascularcapacityC．TochangetheirhabitsofworkingoutD．Todetecttheirpotentialhealth

problems9．WhatdoweknowaboutDrHorder'sstudy?A．Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.B．Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.C．Someparticipantswithdrewfromit

.D．Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.10．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MoreWomenAreEx

ercisingtoPreventDementiaB．Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExerciseC．FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementiaD．BikingImprovesWomen'sCardiovascula

rFitness8.(2022年浙江卷6月)Allaroundtheworld,therearesmallchangestakingplace.Atthesideofroads,behindschoo

lplaygroundsandonallkindsofunlovedpiecesoflandacrosstownsandcities,tinyforestsbarelythesizeoftenniscourtsareappearing,makingagreatpla

ceforbothwildlifeandlocalpeoplewhomaynotnormallyhaveeasyaccesstonature.ThisistheTinyForestmovement,whichaimstopr

ovethatthebestthingsinlifereallydocomeinsmallpackages.Tinyforestswerefirstpioneeredasaconceptinthe1970sbyDrMiyawaki,aJapanesebotanist.Ashew

entontosharehisconceptwithothers,theideasoontookoffinIndiaandothercountriesbeforeeventuallyreachingEurope,wher

eitbecamepopularinplaceslikeFrance,BelgiumandtheNetherlands.Sohowdoesitwork?LouiseHartley,whoisleadingtheTiny

ForestprojectintheUK,explainsthattheprocessbeginsbyidentifyingareasinwhichatinyforestcouldhavethebiggestinfluence.“Wefocusonurbanareaswhere

accesstonatureisoftennotthateasy”,saysHartley.“Weseeitasachancetotrytobreakthegrowingdisconnectbetweenpeopleandnature.”InaTi

nyForest,theremustbeaminimumof600trees,andthetreesareplantedmuchclosertogetherandwithoutchemicalsorfertilisers(肥料).Thereareusuallyaround30diffe

rentkindsofall-nativetreespecies(物种).Thisvariety,coupledwiththefactthattinyforestsgrowuptotentimesfasterthanstandardforests,meanstheyattractari

chabundanceofwildlife.It’salsothoughtthattheseplacescouldhelpreducetheriskofflooding,removecarbonfromtheatmosphereandfightclimatechange,aswellasimpro

vingthementalhealthofthoselivinglocally.4．WhatdoweknowabouttheTinyForestmovement?A．Ithasachievednotablesuccess.B．Itisledbynumberofsc

hools.C．ItbeganinEuropeinthe1970s.D．Itwillspreadtothecountryside.5．WhatisthepurposeoftheprojectledbyHartleyintheUK?A．Topromoteec

o-tourism.B．Toimproveforestryresearch.C．Topopularisegardening.D．Togetpeopleclosetonature.6．WhatisspecialaboutthetreesinaTinyForest?A．The

yaresmallinsize.B．Theyarethicklyplanted.C．Theyareforeignspecies.D．Theyareheavilyfertilised.9.(2022年浙江卷

6月)Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.Inastud

yledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhoprac

ticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.Highlevelsofknowledgecan

makepeopletooattachedtotraditionalwaysofviewingproblemsacrossfieldsthearts,sciences,andpolitics.Highconscientio

usnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthatt

imeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarel

axedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethough

tofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhas

beenshowntoliftmood(情绪)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.Markmanals

opromotesoff-tasktime.“Partofbeingagoodthinkerisexperiencingthingsthatareseeminglyunrelatedtowhatyouareworkingon

atthemomentbutgiveyoufreshideasaboutyourwork,”hesays.“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivit

yandcreativity.So,whenpeopledothingstoincreasetheirlifesatisfaction,theyalsomakethemselvesmoreeffectiveatwork.”7．Whatd

oesEllenLanger’sstudyshow?A．ItisworthwhiletobeaperfectionistB．Translationmakespeopleknowledgeable.C．Simplerjobsrequ

iregreatercaution.D．Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.8．Theunderlinedword“go-getter”inparagraph3referstosomeoneWho_______.A．isgoodatha

ndlingpressureB．workshardtobecomesuccessfulC．ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob.D．getsonwellwithhisco-workers9．Wha

tcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B．Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C．Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeac

reativemind.D．Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.10．Whatdoesthetextseemtoadvocate?A．Middle-of-the-roadworkhabits.B．

Balancebetweenworkandfamily.C．Long-standingculturaltraditions.D．Harmonyintheworkenvironment.10.(2022年北京卷卷)“Whatwouldtheworldbeifthe

rewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimagin

ingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsanden

gineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isno

wseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecau

seitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthoseth

ingsintersect(交叉)withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oran

yothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem;second,theymust

workouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.T

akenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished(营养不良)peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreata

dvancesinnutritionscience.Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalo

ries,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathuma

ndietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.Thisshowsthatwehavesomewa

ytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking-which,inthisexample,istoidentifymoreconstituentpartsofthenutritions

ystem.Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearcher

sfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.Agoodwaytoredress(修正)suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtot

hinkusingasystemsapproach.Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibi

lityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision”.8．Theautho

rusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to________.A．illustrateanargumentB．highlightanopinionC．introducethetopicD．predicttheending9．Whatcan

beinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?A．Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn’tbeenachieved.B．Therelationshipsamong

playershavebeenclarified.C．Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.D．Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.10．Asforsystems

thinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.B．Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.C．Ithelpstoprovewhyhunger

exists.D．Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.11.(2022年北京卷)Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonh

owquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexpe

rts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistP

hilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompaniesha

veinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andev

entakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheyca

n’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquan

tumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabo

uttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentand

anger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,

Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”Andthatbringsme

backtoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestion

saboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthosec

oncernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onet

hat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinion

s,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawid

emargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.11

．RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A．sympatheticB．unconcernedC．doubtfulD．excited12．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantu

mcomputing?A．Hisdominanceinphysics.B．Thecompetitioninthefield.C．HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.1

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Open.B．Cool.C．Useful.D．Resistant.14．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．IsJohns

onMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D．WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHyp

e?12.(2022年天津卷)Isittruethatourbrainaloneisresponsiblefohumancognition(认知)?Whataboutourbody?Isitpossibleforthoughtandbehaviortooriginatefromsomewh

ereotherthanourbrain?PsychologistswhostudyEmbodiedCognition(EC)asksimilarquestions.TheECtheorysuggestsourbodyisalsorespons

ibleforthinkingorproblem-solving.Moreprecisely,themindshapesthebodyandthebodyshapesthemindinequalmeasure.Ifyouthinkaboutitforamomen

t,itmakestotalsense.Whenyousmellsomethinggoodorhearamusingsounds,certainemotionsareawakened.Thinkabouthownewbornsusetheirsensestounderstandtheworlda

roundthem.Theydon’thaveemotionssomuchasneeds—theydon’tfeelsad,they’rejusthungryandneedfood.Evenunbornbabiescanfeel

theirmothers’heartbeatsandthishasacalmingeffect.Intherealworld，theycrywhenthey’recoldandthengethugged.Thatway,theystarttoas-sociate

beingwarmwithbeingloved.Understandably,theoristshavebeenarguingforyearsandstilldisagreeonwhetherthebrainisthenervece

ntrethatoperatestherestofthebody.OlderWesternphilosophersandmainstreamlanguageresearchersbelievethisisfact,whileECtheorisesthat

thebrainandbodyareworkingtogetherasanorganicsupercomputer,processingeverythingandformingyourreactions.Furtherstudieshavebackedupt

hemind-bodyinteraction.Inoneex-periment,testsubjects(实验对象)wereaskedtojudgepeopleafterbeinghandedahotoracolddrink.Theyallma

dewarmevaluationswhentheirfingertipsperceivedwarmthratherthancoolness.Anditworkstheotherwaytoo;inanothe

rstudy,subjects’fingertiptemperaturesweremeasuredafterbeing“included”inor“rejected”fromagrouptask.Thosewhow

ereincludedfeltphysicallywarmer.Forfurtherproof,wecanlookatthemetaphors(比喻说法)thatweusewithouteventhinking

.Akindandsympatheticpersonisfrequentlyreferredtoasonewithasoftheartandsomeonewhoisverystrongandcalmi

ndifficultsituationsisoftendescribedassolidasarock.Andthiskindofmetaphoricaluseiscommonacrosslanguages.Nowthatyouhavethe

knowledgeofmind-bodyinteraction,whynotuseit?Ifyou’rehavingabadday,awarmcupofteawillgiveyouaflashofpleasure.If

youknowyou’rephysicallycold,warmupbeforemakinganyinterpersonaldecisions.46.Accordingtotheauthor,thesignificanceoftheECtheoryliesin_____

___.A.facilitatingourunderstandingoftheoriginofpsychologyB.revealingthemajorroleofthemindinhumancognitionC.offeringaclearerpictureoftheshapeofhu

manbrainD.bringingusclosertothetruthinhumancognition47.Wheredoesthenewborns’understandingoftheirsurro

undingsstartfrom?A.Theirpersonallooks.B.Theirmentalneeds.C.Theirinneremotions.D.Theirphysicalfeelings.48.Theexperimentsmenti

onedinParagraph4furtherprove________.A.environmentimpactshowwejudgeothersB.howbodytemperatureisrelatedtohealthC.themindandthebod

yinfluenceeachotherD.howhumansinteractwiththeirsurroundings49.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoprovebycitingthemetaphorsinPara

graph5?A.Humanspeechisalivewithmetaphors.B.Humansenseshaveeffectsonthinking.C.Humanlanguageisshapedbyvisualimages.D.Humanemotion

sareoftencomparedtonaturalmaterials.50.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.Tosharewiththereaderwaystoreleasetheir

emotions.B.Toguidethereaderontothepathtocareersuccess.C.ToencouragethereadertoputECintopractice.D.Todeepenthereader’sunders

tandingofEC.13.(2022年天津卷)RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,tobeloving,tomakesome

differenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.Mostpeoplep

refertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifema

yprovideshort-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedoncomfortandluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbe-causewespoilourh

ealthandevenourcharacter,principles,ideals,andrelationships.Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaproc

ess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbe

causetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Onlywhenweexamineourselvesdeeply

canwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitations,andthenworkaccordinglytocreateabetterworld.Thefirstrequire

mentforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty,wefindourjobsotiresomethatwe’llsoonburnout.However,whenwedothatsamejobo

utoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustoth

ereality.Consequently,ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoutcome,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoe

quipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel(方向盘).Ifth

eenginelackspower,thcarcan’tmove;ifthedriverlosescontrolofthesteering,aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtheri

ghtknowledgeinmindcanweleadagoodlife.Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseetheimpact

ofourgoodworkontheworldwegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.51.Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?A.M

akingussimple-mindedB.Makingusshort-signted.C.Leadingusontoabusyroad.D.Keepingusfromcomfortandluxury.52.Accordingtotheauthor,howcan

onegaintruehappiness?A.Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.B.Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.C.Byrecognizingone’sabilitiesandlimitations.D.Throughoffering

helpmuchneededbyothers.53.AccordingtoParagraph4,doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone_____

___.A.lessselfishB.lessannoyingC.moremotivatedD.moreresponsible54.Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?A.Whenwehavewrongknowl

edgeoftheworld.B.Whenourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.C.Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.D.Whenwestayblindtothereality.55.AccordingtoPa

ragraph5,lifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen________.A.inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledgeB.directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledgeC.purifiedbyloveandenrichedbykn

owledgeD.promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge1.（2021年新高考I卷）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlands

werealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately

,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandso

fmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheev

er-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntin

gStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthew

etlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalD

uckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointe

dbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofourna

turalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinc

lusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerations

tocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgram

hasbeencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B

.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstpar

agraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigrato

rybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.31.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthet

ext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting2.（2021年新高考I卷）Po

pularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intellingence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenc

easalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation

,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontribu

tetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeem

otionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedb

yadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeonea

moralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectso

fthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,edu

catorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepu

blicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuing

popularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescient

ificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyh

owpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdi

rection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”i

nparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizatio

nofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintellig

ence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.3.（2021年天津

卷）AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis(催眠)canreducepainandanxietyin

patients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging(医学影像)procedures.“Duringtheexaminationchi

ldrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.It'samazing,“saidJohanneL'Ecuyer,amedical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchtea

mfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsaredoneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia(麻醉）.AFrenchmedical-im

agingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist—wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthemedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examina

tionswereconductedfortheprojectbetweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.Hypnosi

sisnotastateofsleep:Itisratheramodified(改变的)stateofconsciousness.Thetechnologistwillguidethepatienttothismod

ifiedstate—animaginaryworldthatwilldisassociateitselfmoreandmorefromtheprocedurethatfollows.“Thetechnologistmustbuildupastorywiththepatient,"Ms.

L'Ecuyersaid."Thepatientisleftwiththepowertochoosewhathewantstotalkabout.Doyouplaysports?Doyoulikegoingtothebeach?Weestablishasubjectthatwewill

discussthroughouttheprocedure."Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory—aninjection（注射）becomesthebiteof

aninsect;theheatontheskinbecomesthesensationofthesunandamachinethatringsbecomesapolicecarpassingnearby.“Theimportantthingisthat

thetechnologistassociateswhatishappeningoutsidethepatient'sbodywithwhatthepatientseesinhishead,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Itrequirescreativityonthepart

ofthetechnologist,imagination,alotofpatienceandkindness."Theprocedureappealedtothestaffalotwhenitwasintroducedin

January.ItspreadlikewildfirethatsomeonefromFrancewasheretotrainthetechnologists,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid.Sheaddedthatshehadalineofstaffather

doorwantingtotakethetraining.51．Oneoftheresultsproducedbythetrialprojectis________.A．abetterunderstandingofchildrenB．lessuseofcertainmed

icinesC．newmedical-imagingtechnologyD．animprovedreputationofthehospital52．TheFrenchtechnologistcametothechildren'shospitalto________.A．assistintre

atingapatientB．carryouthypnosistrainingC．startupanewdepartmentD．learnabouttheprocedure53．AccordingtoPa

ragraph5,hypnosisworksby________.A．creatingaperfectworldforpatientsB．forcingpatientsintoastateofdeepsleep

C．puttingpatientsintoanunconsciousstateD．leadingpatients'consciousnessawayfromreality54．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestoryusedintheproc

edure?A．Itshouldkeeppacewiththeprocedure.B．Itreflectsthepatient'screativity.C．Itisselectedbythetechnologist.D．Ittellswhatdocto

rsaredoingtothepatient.55．Theprocedurewasreceivedamongthestaffwith________.A．uncertaintyB．enthusiasmC．

worryD．criticism56．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.B．Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.C．Anintr

oductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.D．Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.4.（2021年1月浙江）Yourunintothegrocerys

toretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefront,andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlinesl

ongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkinglot.1．Itturnsout,it'sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.Grocerystor

estrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.2．Anysmallinterruption-apricecheck,a

chattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswil

lhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability:3．Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.Researchershaveagoodwayto

dealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline-calledaserpentineline-andserveeachpersonatthefr

ontwiththenextavailableregister.4．Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentineline,alon

gdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedupcheckoutoverall.5．

Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'taffordthespaceormanpower.Sowhereveryournext

waitmaybe:Goodluck.A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．So

meofthemayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E.Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastes

twaitingline?F.Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G.Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticular

lybusy.5.（2021年1月浙江卷）Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredicti

onsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetoth

emark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,000stepsshortofthephysicalac

tivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasas

lowas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentswor

kingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideof

thecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities（机会）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforpar

entstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostparentswillhaveeagerl

yaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha“good”,quicklyfollowedby"I'mhungry".Thisisalsomyexperienceasamo

ther.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thi

sistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路线）,withdaysofregula

r,parent-accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandt

akesalittleplanning-runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones-butit'scertainlyworthtrying.41．Why

doestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A．Tomakecomparisons.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tosupportherargument.D．Toprovideexamples.42．W

hathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?A．Plainlaziness.B．Healthproblems.C．Lackof

time.D．Securityconcerns.43．Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?A．Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B．Shecankeepphysicallyfit.C．Shecanhe

lpwithherson'sstudy.D．Shecanknowhersonbetter.6.（2021年1月浙江卷）Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)use

tocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.Thescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfoll

owingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedthere

search,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasys

temofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember."That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingt

hatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformati

onfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandges

tures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonec

ase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmothersbackandt

heytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outthere.thatismeaningfulinit

scommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUnivers

ityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,shead

ded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orweares

tillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalconveywithnon-

verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains."44．WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?A．M

emorizingspecificwords.B．Understandingcomplexinformation.C．Usingvoicestocommunicate.D．Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.45．WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthe

study?A．Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B．Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C．Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreli

able.D．Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.46．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Difference.B．Conflict.C．Balance

.D．Connection.47．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakth

roughB．ChimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskillsC．Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalking

domD．Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated7.（2021年6月浙江卷）Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"t

ell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudyResearc

herstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages(图像)ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,e

achdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressions

byshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearcher

sfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewo

uldexpectbyrandomchance.Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtr

ainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauth

orCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoa

nangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.""Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandi

stinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLiveScience.Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththea

bilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthe

basisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovid

edthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.8.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.

A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfacesC.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother9.Whatcanwelear

naboutthestudyfromparagraph2?A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduri

ngtraining.C.PicturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferentD.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethelest.10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asu

ggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.8.(20

21年北京卷)Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersan

dtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario

(情景)thiscentury”.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse

.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthism

omentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasal

sounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalsc

holars’warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestud

yofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories(签署者)ofthewarningwasBobJoh

nson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprint”concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlife

style.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadec

ade,certainlywithinthiscentury,”Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,”theDecemberwa

rninglettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelyto

beignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedth

eletterareintent(执着)onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness.“Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,”t

heysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28.Whatdoestheunderlinedwor

d“germane”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29.Asforthepublicawarenessof

globalcollapse,theauthoris________.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysic

allimits.B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D.Theglobalcolla

pseiswellunderway.9.（2021年北京卷）Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasun

lesssomeoneaskedhim．AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-artato

mic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequest

ionyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatif

weallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalon

e，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？Rec

ently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet，conditionsthatmight

changeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whic

haresensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflow

attheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockreg

istersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshow

theriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorp

hones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimei

nrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsu

pportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalso

connectedtimetonaturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardo

rbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival．Likewise，riv

ertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness．WhenSt．Augustineadmittedhisinabi

litytodefinetime，hehighlightedoneoftime'smostnoticeablequalities：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext．Anytimekeepingsyste

misvalid，andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose．31WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1？A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonatur

e．B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms．C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit．D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists．

32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentC.highl

ightanexperimentD.introduceanapproach33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbala

ncedlife．B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems．C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower．

D.Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers’temporalframe．34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage？A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefin

itionoftime．B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless．C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature．D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality．.获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xia

ngxue100.com