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无锡市第一中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期末试卷高一英语命题：高二英语备课组审核：高二英语备课组第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三

个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomanprobablybuyforherapartment?A.Atable.B.Asofa.C.Somechairs.2.Howdoesthe

musicmakethemanfeel?A.Touched.B.Brave.C.Tough.3.Whatisthemanaskingthewomantodo?A.Improveherservice.B.Updatetheirwebsite.C.A

nswerafewquestionsonline.4.Whenwillthemanplaybadminton?A.OnMondayafternoon.B.OnTuesdaymorning.C.OnTuesdaya

fternoon.5.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Futureplans.B.Charitywork.C.Agraduationceremony.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.

5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题

。6.What’sthematterwiththeman?A.Helosthiskeys.B.Hecouldn’tfindhisway.C.Heforgotthetimeoftheexhibition.7.Wherearethe

speakersprobably?A.Onthestreet.B.Inamuseum.C.Inatownhall.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhathasRicharddoneforLiz?A.Hehasbookedheraflight.B.Hehasdrivenhe

rtotheairport.C.Hehasarrangedaholidayforher.9.WhatconcernsRichardaboutflying?A.Thesafetyofplanes.B.Thehighcost

oftickets.C.Theeffectontheenvironment.10.WhatdoesLizpromisetodo?A.Talktoherbossesaboutonlinemeeting.B.Sendt

hemanamessageafterlanding.C.Stoptravellingbyplanefromnowon.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whichlanguagelearningappdo

esthewomanprefer?A.Babbel.B.Busuu.C.Duolingo.12.WhydoesthewomanrefusetotakeaJapaneseclass?A.It’snotenjoyable.B.Ther

earen’tanyclassesnearby.C.Shedoesn’thaveenoughmoneytopayforit.13.WhatisthereasonforthewomantolearnJapanese?A.To

workinJapan.B.TomakemoreJapanesefriends.C.Tospeakwithherfriend’smother.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wheredothe

plantsintheman’sbathroomnaturallygrow?A.Nearwaterfalls.B.Injungles.C.Inthedesert.15.Whatisspecialabouttheman’sfavor

iteplant?A.Itneedslittlewater.B.Ithaswhitemarkings.C.Itispoisonoustocats.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Brotherand

sister.C.Gardenerandvisitor.17.Whatisthewoman’smainconcerninchoosingherfirstplant?A.Itmustbecheap.B.Itmustbeeasytocarefor.C.Itmustbes

afeforherpets.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatwasAbbiedoingwhenshediscoveredthebottle?A.Shewashelpingtoclea

nupabeach.B.Shewasstudyinginthescienceclub.CShewascelebratingFather’sDaywithherfamily.19.What’sinthebottlefound

byAbbie?A.Adrawing.B.Acontactform.C.Ascientificpaper.20.Howdidthehighschoolstudentsfeelaboutreceivingtheletterb

ack?A.Happy.B.Curious.C.Surprised..第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ALookingforab

ig-leafedhouseplantthatwillmakeastatementinyourroomanddecorateyourhome?Ifso,thenyou’vecometotherightplace!PeaceLilyExtremelyeasytolook

after,thispopular,floweringplantisverytolerantandundemanding.Itisabelovedhouseplantforitslarge,glossyovalleavesandunusualwhitespoon-shapedfl

owers.Typicallybloominginthespring,thislovelyplantcaneffectivelybrightenupalivingspace.AfricanMaskPlantThisindoorplanti

sasmallerplantwithlargedarkgreenleavesthatareshapedlikeaheart.Nativetotropical(热带的)partsofAfrica,itprefershighheatandhighhumidity.T

hatcanbesomewhatatrickytaskfortheaverageplantownertoachieveintheirhome,whoislikelytohavetroubleduplicating(复制)thesesteamyconditions.SnakeplantComm

onlyreferredtoasmother-in-law’stongue,itisoneoftheeasiesthouseplantstotakecareof.Withtall,twistingsword-shapedleavesthatgrow

upright,ithasair-purifyingcapabilitiesandcanmerrilygrowinalmostdarkcornersofthehouse.Buttheplantispoisonoustodogsandcats,soit’swisetokeepthisplanta

wayfromthem,ifyourpetsareplantchewers.KentiaPalmCaringfortheKentiaPalmplantisverystraightforward,whichcanbeneglectedforweeksatatime.Quiteen

joyingabitofshade,ithasbigleavesthatgrowfromanarrowbaseandisgreatforfillingacornerwithouttakingupmuchfloor

-space.Placeitinfrontofablankwall,anditsarchingfronds(大型复叶)willcastbeautifulshadows.1.Whichofthefollowingrequiresanexperiencedplant

owner?A.PeaceLily.B.AfricanMaskPlant.C.Snakeplant.D.KentiaPalm.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheSnakePlant?A.Itposeslit

tledangertodogsandcats.B.Itisbetterforpurifyingairthanothers.C.Itgetsitsnamefromapoisonoussnake.D.Itgrowswellinshadyareasofthehouse.3.

Whatfeaturedothelistedhouseholdplantsshare?A.Distinctiveleaves.B.Floweringseason.C.Growthtemperature.D.Strikingsize.BAn89-year-oldman,Ma

nfredSteiner,hasreachedagoalhespent20yearsworkingtowardandnearlyalifetimethinkingabout:earninghisPh.D.Andnowhe

isaphysicistSteinervaluesthisdegreebecauseitiswhathealwayswantedandbecauseheovercamehealthproblemsthatcouldhaveaffectedhisstudies.“ButImadeit,an

dthiswasthemostsatisfactorypointinmylife,tofinishit,”hesaid.Whenhewasyoung,Steinerwantedtobecomeaphysic

istafterreadingaboutAlbertEinstein.Buthismotherandunclepersuadedhimthatstudyingmedicinewouldbeabetterchoice.Heearne

dhismedicaldegreein1955andmovedtotheUSsoonafter.Steinerstudiedhematology（血液学）atTuftsUniversityandbio

chemistryattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.HebecameafullprofessorandledthehematologydepartmentatBrowns’medicalschoolfrom1985to1994.Stein

erhelpedestablisharesearchprograminhematologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Hedirectedthatprogramuntilheretiredfrommedicinein2000.Steine

rfoundmedicalresearchpleasing,butitwasnotquitethesameashisinterestinphysics.“Itwassomethinglikeawishthatwasneverfulfilled,thatalwaysstuckinthebacko

fmyhead,”hesaid.Atage70,hestartedtakingundergraduateclasses.PhysicsprofessorBradMarstonwassurprisedwhenSteinerentere

dhisquantummechanicsclass.ButhebecameSteiner’sadviserforhisdissertation（学位论文）afterrealizinghowseriousSteinerwasaboutthesubjectandhowhardhe

worked.“Hehaswrittenmanypapersinmedicalscience,morepapersthanI’vewritteninphysics,”Marstonsaid.“Onethingthat’sreallytrueaboutManfredist

hatheperseveres.”AftertheuniversitypublishedastoryaboutSteineronitswebsite,peopleacrosstheUScontactedhimtoaskforadviceon

howtogoaftertheirdreamslaterinlife.Hisadviceis:Dowhatyoulovetodo.4.WhydidSteinervaluehisdegreeinphysics?A.Beca

useitsolvedhishealthproblems.B.Becauseitwashislong-pursueddream.C.Becauseitmethismother’sexpectation.D.BecauseitwasinspiredbyAlbertEinstein.5.Wh

atisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Steiner’scontributionstoteaching.B.Steiner’sresearchesafterretirement.C.Steiner’sachievementsi

nhematology.D.Steiner’sperformancesatTuftsUniversity.6.WhatimpressedProfessorMarstonmostaboutSteiner?A.Histakingundergraduateclassesat70.B.Hiswrit

ingmorepapersinphysics.C.Hisstickingtobecomingaphysicist.D.HisbeingarolemodelforAmericans.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSteiner?A.Active

andopen-minded.B.Enthusiasticandeasy-going.C.Intelligentandwarm-hearted.D.Perseverantandhard-working.CWhenIwasfive,Ioncepeeledoffth

epaperthatenvelopedmycrayonsandsnappedthemintwo.Mygreatenthusiasmwasdampenedtofindjustmorecrayoninside.WhenIstartedwritingwordswithpencils,Iw

ouldtwisttheminsideasharpenertoseeifthepencilleadwentallthewaythroughthebody.Growingup,Isawmytelevisiontakenaparttorevealthein

nerworkingsthatonlymadesensewhenIdidadegreeinphysics.ThenIlandedacareerinengineering,spendingsixyearsaspartoftheteamthatdesignedtheShard,afamousbuild

inginLondon.Actually,whetherIknewitornot,Iwasalreadyonamissiontounderstandhowthingsareformed.Afterexplorin

gthebig,Idecidedtoturntothesmall.Irealizedwhatevermatterformshuman-madeobjects,complexdevicesaremadeupoffundamentalbuildingblocks,wi

thoutwhichourcomplexmachinerywouldn’texist.ItisthisideathatinspiredmybookwhereIselectwhatIbelievearesev

encoreelementsthatformthebasisoftheworld-thenail,thewheel,thespring,themagnet,thelens,thepumpandthestring.Togethertheycomposeavastrangeofi

nnovationsintermsoftheirunderlying(潜在的)scientificprinciplesandthefieldsofengineeringtheytouch.They’vechangedourtechnology,andhadasweeping

impactonourhistory,arts,culture,communication,politicalandpowerstructures,etc.Theblenderweusetomakebaby’sfoodreliesongears(齿轮),whichcould

n’texistwithoutthewheel.Thespeakeronthephonereliesonamagnet.Evenwhenwethinkoflargerandmorecomplexobjects-diggers,skyscrapers,satellites-wecomeba

cktothesamesevenfoundationalinnovations.So,lookaroundyou,andaskquestionsaboutwhatyousee:reignite(重燃)thatchildhoodcuriosity.Hopefully,thatwillinsp

ireyoutoinvestigateandleadyoutoabetterunderstandingofthebuildingblocksofourworld.8Whydoestheauthormentioncrayonsinparagraph1?A.Toexplainhisch

oiceofcollegemajor.B.Todemonstratehisfascinationwithtools.C.Tohighlighthisdisappointmentatthediscovery.D.Toshowhisearlypassionfortheinsidesofobj

ects.9.Whatmadetheauthor’sbookpossible?A.Hisexperienceindesigningbuildings.B.Hisunderstandingoftheoriginofthings.C.Hisfindingofthecomponentsofmachi

nery.DHisperspectiveontheoperationoftheworld.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthesevencoreelements?A.Theythrowlig

htonscientificprinciples.BTheyhaveaprofoundinfluenceonsociety.C.Theymarkaneraoftechnologicalinnovation.D.Theyre

presenttheadvancementinengineering.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SmallThingsThatCountB.BigDreamsThatRewardC.AsktheRightQuesti

onsD.UnderstandCoreElementsDHumans,bynature,havealwayslivedingroupsandsocialinteractionisfundamentalforeverypartofourhealth.Lackofitcanl

eadtofeelingsofisolationandloneliness.Astrongsupportnetworkandsolidcommunitybondspromoteouremotionalandphysicalhealth,anda

recriticalcomponentsofabalancedadultlife.However,justaswithmanyotheraspectsofourlives,thereseemstobealimitt

ohowlargeourpersonalnetworkscangrow.Backin1992,aBritishscholarnamedRobinDunbarcameupwithahypothetical(

假设的)numberdefiningthemaximumsumofmeaningfulhumanrelationshipsapersoncanhave.Thenumber,whichwaslaternamedafterhim,wasdiscove

redaccidentallywhilehewasstudyingthecleaningandbrushingtendencies—asocialbehavior—ofnon-humanprimates(灵长类动物).Aroundthattime,re

searchershaddiscoveredthatthelargebrainoftheseprimateswasaresultoftheirsociallycomplexsocieties.Therelevancewast

hatthelargerthebrain,thelargertheanimal'ssocialgroupwaslikelytobe.Scientistscouldthentheoreticallyuseananimal'sbrainsizetocalculat

ehowmanymemberscouldmakeupthisgroup.Dunbarappliedthistheorytohumans,andtheresultingnumberwas...roughly150

.Dunbar'sNumber,however,onlyreferstothelimitofmeaningfulcontactswithinoursocialnetwork.Itdoesnotaccountforoth

errelationships.Humansocialrelationshipstendtohavenumerouslayers,andextendoutwardfromtheindividualincircleswiththesamecentre.Theinnermostc

irclecontainsfivepeople:ourlovedones.Thenextcircleholdsofourgoodfriends.Thethirdcircleisreservedforpeop

leweconsiderfriends,andthefourthiswherethelimitof150canbefound.Nowadays,withvariousformsofelectroniccommunication,suchaswebsitesforsocial

networkingandmicrobloggingpeoplefinditveryconvenienttocreateonlinecommunitiestoshareinformation,ideas,pe

rsonalmessages,andothercontents.Consequently,itispossibleforahumantogetintothefifth(500acquainitances)circle,animpressivebreakthrought

hatwasdifficulttoachieveinthepast.12.WhatcanbelearnedaboutDunbar'sNumberinParagraph2?A.Itisconfirmedbythesocialreality.B.Itservesasanaccur

atemeasurement.C.Itisbackedbyacertaintheoreticalbasis.D.Itestablisheslinksbetweenhealthandnetwork.13.Whichofthefollowi

ngdiagramsillustrateshumansocialrelationships?A.B.C.D.14.Whyisiteasytodaytogobeyondthefourthcircleofhumanrelationships?A.Humanbrai

nsarebecomingbiggerandbigger.B.Socialmediahavecontributedtothephenomenon.C.Meaningfulcontactsgrowsignificantl

ywithage.D.Peopleareeagertoimproveeveryaspectoftheirlives.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Grou

pLiving:ASolutiontoHealthProblemsB.Dunbar'sTheory:ALaddertoCareerSuccessC.SocialNetwork:ASouredofEndlessPleasureD.Dunbar

'sNumber:AMeasureofSocialRelations第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereareonl

yafewtrulypleasantsmellstowakeuptointhemorning.Itmightbethearomaoffreshlybakedbread,orthescentofyourfreshlybrushedteeth—bu

tforme,it’sthesmelloffreshlybrewedcoffee.____16____Ifyou’reabigfanofcoffee,you’llunderstandthatopeninganewpacketofcoffeereleasesanamazingsmell—fresh

,roastedcoffeebeans.Delicious!Andifyou’vegotanoseforthestuff,you’llbeabletoidentifythebeans’origin-Colombia,VietnamorBrazil—

theworld’sbiggestcoffeeproducer.TimHaywardisafoodwriterandcoffeeshopowner.____17____“Whenyouwalkintothecoffeeshopinthemorningandth

atsmellhitsyou,you’regettingphysiological(生理上的)responses,”hetoldtheBBC.IknowfromexperiencewhenIwalkintoacaféformydoubleespressoorflatwhite,mym

outhbeginstowaterinanticipation.____18____However,thisfeelingsometimesturnstodisappointmentwhenIactuallystartdrinkingmyhotbeverage—

thetastejustdoesn’tmatchthesmell..ThisisparticularlythecasewhenIorderacoffeetogoinatallpapercupandsiptheliquidthroughaholeinthelid.____19____T

imHaywarddescribesthisprocessas“weird”and“baffling”.Hesays,“Youwalkintothecoffeeshop,yougetthesmell,butwhenyouact

uallytakethedrinkout,youaredrinkingitfromsomethingthatisdesignedtodeliverthehotliquiddirectlypastyourtongue,butpreventanysmellcomingupt

oyournose.”____20____In2011,itwasestimatedthat2.5billioncoffeecupswerethrownawayeachyearintheUK,andthatfigureislikelytob

ehighernow.Somaybenowisthetimetoreallywakeupandsmellthecoffeebydrinkingfromacupormuginacafé,chattingwithfriendsandsavingtheplanet.A.Hebelieves

thesmellisabsolutelyvital.B.Coffeebeans’originmakesallthedifference.C.Inaword,savingourplanetisonthetopofouragenda.D.Yes,i

t’sconvenient,butisitreallytherightwaytoappreciateit?E.Aswellaseliminatingthesmell,takeawaycoffeecupscreatealotofwaste.F.Al

thoughit’sthecaffeinehitI’mafter,it’sthesmellthatmakesmefeelgood.G.Justasniffofitmakesmejumpoutofbedandrushtoth

ekitchenforacoffee.第三部分语言知识运用(共四节;满分55分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)“Foundsomething!”SusanBaur,aswimmer,ducksintothewater.She___21___

,holdingapairofswimminggoggles(护目镜).Thesearepassedtoakayaker(皮划艇桨手),whowavesthem___22___,likeaprize,beforethrowingthemin

abasket.Whentheteamreturnsto___23___,thewomenaresmilingandcrackingjokesaboutthe___24___andtheirpull.Since2017

,OldLadiesAgainstUnderwaterGarbage(OLAUG),whichaccepts___25___olderwomenasmembers,hasmadeititsmissionto___2

6___trashfrompondsacrossCapeCod.Manyoutsidershaveexpressedtheir___27___toOLAUGforcleaninguptheponds;anumber,however,have___28___w

hytheyrefertothemselvesas“oldladies”.“YoushouldcallyourselvestheMermaids(美人鱼)AgainstGlitterLitter.”Othershave

saidsheshouldopenthegrouptoall___29___,andeventomen.___30___theyadmitthatitwasn’t___31___aconsciouschoice,theynowbelievethatthe“oldlady”

___32___isacrucialpartofwhatthegroupisabout.“Womenover65tendtofeeltherestrictionofaging,”Baursays.“Pa

rtofthegoalofOLAUGisto___33___thatolderwomencandoalotmorethanpeoplemightthink.”Criticism___34___,themostcommonresponseis“Iwant

tojoinyou”.Andafterthatfirstdive,thenewapplicationexcitementis___35___withalotonthewaitinglisttobeoneofthem.21.A.surf

acesB.surfsC.flowsD.bathes22.A.forwardB.backC.overheadD.downward23.A.borderB.homeC.pondD.shore24.A.matchB.diveC.

voyageD.drag25.A.preciselyB.absolutelyC.mainlyD.merely26.A.recoverB.reuseC.removeD.release27.A.gratitudeB.concernC.sympathyD.curiosity28.A.commented

B.questionedC.proposedD.suspected29.A.agesB.ranksC.sectionsD.genders30.A.AsB.AlthoughC.SinceD.Unless31.A.

occasionallyB.eventuallyC.initiallyD.frequently32.A.profileB.distinctionC.personalityD.identity33.A.demonstrateB.implyC.warnD.declare34.

A.altogetherB.beyondC.asideD.besides35.A.substantialB.infectiousC.fierceD.thrilling第二节短文语法填空(共10小题;每

小题1.5分，满分15分)语法填空EarlyJuneinChinaisacrucialtimeforfamilieswithhighschoolstudents,asitistheGaokao—theannualChinesecollegeentranceexaminati

on.StartingonJune7,theintenseexamperiodlastsfortwotofourdays,____36____(depend)ontheparticularprovince.In2023,12.91millionstudentstookpartint

heGaokao—980,000morethantheyearbefore,andthemostinthehistoryoftheGaokao.OnGaokaodays,____37____wholeofs

ocietyismobilized(动员)tohelpstudents.Thereareusuallyseveralroundsofsecuritychecksontheexamvenues(场地).Emergencymedicalassistanc

eneeds____38____(put)inplace,andpolicewillbedeployed(调度)forprotectionandtrafficcoordinationaroundthevenues.Every

year,therearestoriesofpolicemenandtaxidriversofferingfree____39____(ride)tostudentsrunninglatefortheirexams.InChinathenine-yea

rcompulsoryeducation____40____(fund)bythegovernment.Afterthosenineyears,Gaokaoallowstheopportunitytogainadmissionintocollegeoruniversitiesfor____4

1____(high)education.TheadmissionrateviaGaokaohasincreasedfrom4percentin1977,____42____theexamwasresumed(重新开始),to85percentin2022.However,asin

otherexamsaroundtheworld,studentsarealsocompetingforthelimitedseatsatthebestuniversitiesandcolleges.____43____themarksoftheexamaretheonlystandardo

fenrollingstudents,Gaokaoprovidesthestudentswithafairchanceofalteringthecourseoftheirlives,especiallythosefromtheunderdevelopedareas.Gettingintoa

nelite(最优秀的)universitycouldalsomeanbetterchancesofemploymentandhigherpayment____44____graduation.MostoftheChinese

parentsinvestheavilyintheeducationoftheirchildren,andGaokaoisthetimetoreapthatharvest.Everyyear,duringthedaysoftheexam,Gaokao-relatedtopicstakeCh

inesesocialmediabystorm.Forthosewhohavealreadypassedtheexam,itisatimeofsendingbestwishes,remindersor_____45_____(simple)nostalgia(怀旧

)towardsyouth.Thequestionsontheexampapersalsoappearamongthemostsearchhashtags(#号标签)oftheday.ButastheexamsfinishinmostregionsbytheendofJune8,moststu

dentshavenowstartedtoenjoytheirsummervacations—beforetheirfinalmarksareunveiled.第三节单句填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)4

6.Despitefacingmanychallenges,shemanagedtoliveuptoherparents’__________(expect)bygraduatingwithhonors.(所给词的适当形式填空),47.Sin

ceteenagersarefacedwithavarietyofstressorsthatcancontributetofeelingsofstressandanxietyduringtheirado

lescence,it’svitalthattheirdiet__________(vary),balancedandtailoredtotheirindividualneeds.(所给词的适当形式填空)48.Wit

hmanywildanimalsgraduallydyingout,thepresentsituationdeserves_________(pay)attentionto.(所给词的适当形式填空)49.Atinymonkeywasleftmomentari

lydazed(神智不清的)after__________(strike)byamotorcyclewhilecrossingtheroad.(所给词的适当形式填空)50.UnlikemostoftheNeth

erlands,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostly_____(consist)ofsand.(所给词的适当形式填空)51.Wewilltalkaboutapart

iculartypeofcomfortfood________powermainlyliesintheassociationsitcallstomind.（用适当的词填空）52.Differentpeople,basedontheirperso

nalities,preferencesandpersonalhistoriesoflisteningtoparticularmusic,willhavedifferentexperienceswhen_____

_____(expose)toaparticularpieceofmusic.(所给词的适当形式填空)53.Thebigfireissaid__________(consume)thehotelbythetimethefirefightersarrived.(所给词的适当形式填空)54.Thebi

llhe__________(oppose)sincehetookofficewaseventuallypassed,resultinginmoreyoungmenbeingrecruitedintothearmy.(所给词的适当形式填空)55.

Wasittheyoungman’scasualattitudeintheinterview__________costhimthejob?(用适当的词填空)56.Thelatestalbumfromtheband__________(feature)theirnewsingleh

asmetwithamixedreceptionfromfans.(所给词的适当形式填空)57.HowsonstarredasHeathcliffinafilm__________(adapt)ofWutheringHeightsrel

easedin2011.(所给词的适当形式填空)58.Astheygaspedandfeltthefreedomofopenair,agloriousrayofsunshinebrightenedtheirfaces,asif___

_______(praise)theheroicactoftheseselflessandcourageoussoldiers.(所给词的适当形式填空)59.TherealizationsIhadinthatprocesshelpedm

egaininsights__________medicineandscienceandultimatelygotmereadytointegrate(融入)self-careintomydailylife.(用适当的词填空)60.There

sultsofsuchinvestigationsashavebeenmadesofar,are__________(contradict).(所给词的适当形式填空)第四节完成句子(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)61.With_

_________(求知若渴),hehasthrownhimselfintotheresearchonAIintherecentfewyears.(根据汉语提示完成句子)62.Itisnotmemorybutc

reativity__________(对……必不可少)thelifelongdevelopmentofteenagers.(根据汉语提示完成句子)63.Ioften__________(不慌不忙地享用)breakfastwhilelisteningtomusic,whichguaran

teesagoodmoodfortheday.(根据汉语提示完成句子)64.Despitethelossofhearing,hisoutstandingcontributiontoclassicalmusic__________(充分

说明)hisgreattalent.(根据汉语提示完成句子)65.TheChineseknot,which__________(经受住了时间的考验),provestobeaninseparablepartofChineseculture.(根据汉语提示完成句子)66.Hede

votedhimselftothecauseofcharity,andhisselflesseffortswere__________(值得认可).(根据汉语提示完成句子)67.It__________

(我突然想到)thatIcouldimprovethesituationbyturningtotheprofessorforhelp.(根据汉语提示完成句子)68.__________(悲痛欲绝),Leolayinbed,unabletoacceptthefactthathisbestfriend

hadlefthim.(根据汉语提示完成句子)69.__________(适应新环境)isnoeasytask.Youneedtostepoutofyourcomfortzone.(根据汉语提示完成句子)70.Theaudience__________(爆发出热情的

欢呼)whenthemusiciansteppedontothestage.(根据汉语提示完成句子)第四部分应用文写作(满分15分)71.假定你是李华，你所在的学校摄影社团上周五去公园采风。请给你的英国好友Chris

写一封邮件分享你的这次经历，内容包括：1.你的作品内容；2.你的感想。注意：1.词数：80词左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearChris,___________________________

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___________________________________Yours,LiHua无锡市第一中学2023-2024学年度第二学期期末试卷高一英语命题：高二英语备课组审核：高二英语备课组第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每

小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomanprobablybuyforhe

rapartment?A.Atable.B.Asofa.C.Somechairs.2.Howdoesthemusicmakethemanfeel?A.Touched.B.Brave.C.Tough.3.Whatisthemanaskingthewomantodo?A.Impr

oveherservice.B.Updatetheirwebsite.C.Answerafewquestionsonline.4.Whenwillthemanplaybadminton?A.OnMondayafternoon.B.OnTuesdaymorni

ng.C.OnTuesdayafternoon.5.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Futureplans.B.Charitywork.C.Agraduationceremony.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下

面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.What’sthematterwiththeman?A.Helosthiskeys.B.Hecouldn’tfindhisway.C.Heforgotthetimeoftheexhibition.7.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.

Onthestreet.B.Inamuseum.C.Inatownhall.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhathasRicharddoneforLiz?A.Hehasbookedheraflight.BHehasdr

ivenhertotheairport.C.Hehasarrangedaholidayforher..9.WhatconcernsRichardaboutflying?A.Thesafetyofplanes.B.Thehighcostoftickets.C.Theeffect

ontheenvironment.10.WhatdoesLizpromisetodo?A.Talktoherbossesaboutonlinemeeting.B.Sendthemanamessageafterlanding.C.Stoptravellingbyp

lanefromnowon.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whichlanguagelearningappdoesthewomanprefer?ABabbel.B.Busuu.C.Duolingo.12.W

hydoesthewomanrefusetotakeaJapaneseclass?A.It’snotenjoyable.B.Therearen’tanyclassesnearby.C.Shedoesn’thaveenoughmon

eytopayforit.13.WhatisthereasonforthewomantolearnJapanese?A.ToworkinJapan.B.TomakemoreJapanesefriends.C.T

ospeakwithherfriend’smother.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wheredotheplantsintheman’sbathroomnaturallygrow?A.Nearwaterfall

s.B.Injungles.C.Inthedesert.15.Whatisspecialabouttheman’sfavoriteplant?A.Itneedslittlewater.B.Ithaswhitemar

kings.C.Itispoisonoustocats.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Brotherandsister.C.Gardenerandvisitor

.17.Whatisthewoman’smainconcerninchoosingherfirstplant?A.Itmustbecheap.B.Itmustbeeasytocarefor.C.Itmustbesafefo

rherpets.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatwasAbbiedoingwhenshediscoveredthebottle?A.Shewashelpingtocleanupabeach.B.Shewasstudyinginthescienceclub.C.Shewa

scelebratingFather’sDaywithherfamily.19.What’sinthebottlefoundbyAbbie?A.Adrawing.B.Acontactform.C.Ascie

ntificpaper.20.Howdidthehighschoolstudentsfeelaboutreceivingtheletterback?A.Happy.B.Curious.C.Surprised..第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分3

7.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ALookingforabig-leafedhouseplantthatwillmakeastatementinyourroomanddecorateyourhome?Ifso,thenyou’vec

ometotherightplace!PeaceLilyExtremelyeasytolookafter,thispopular,floweringplantisverytolerantandundemanding.Itisa

belovedhouseplantforitslarge,glossyovalleavesandunusualwhitespoon-shapedflowers.Typicallybloominginthesprin

g,thislovelyplantcaneffectivelybrightenupalivingspace.AfricanMaskPlantThisindoorplantisasmallerplantwithlargedarkgreenleavesthatareshapedlikeahear

t.Nativetotropical(热带的)partsofAfrica,itprefershighheatandhighhumidity.Thatcanbesomewhatatrickytaskfortheaverageplantownertoachieveintheirhome,w

hoislikelytohavetroubleduplicating(复制)thesesteamyconditions.SnakeplantCommonlyreferredtoasmother-in-law’stongue,itisoneoftheeas

iesthouseplantstotakecareof.Withtall,twistingsword-shapedleavesthatgrowupright,ithasair-purifyingcapab

ilitiesandcanmerrilygrowinalmostdarkcornersofthehouse.Buttheplantispoisonoustodogsandcats,soit’swisetokeepthisplantawayfromthem,ifyourpetsare

plantchewers.KentiaPalmCaringfortheKentiaPalmplantisverystraightforward,whichcanbeneglectedforweeksa

tatime.Quiteenjoyingabitofshade,ithasbigleavesthatgrowfromanarrowbaseandisgreatforfillingacornerwithouttakingupmuchfloor-s

pace.Placeitinfrontofablankwall,anditsarchingfronds(大型复叶)willcastbeautifulshadows.1.Whichofthefollowingrequiresanexperiencedplantowner?A.PeaceL

ily.B.AfricanMaskPlant.C.Snakeplant.D.KentiaPalm.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheSnakePlant?A.Itposeslittledangertodogsandcats.B.Itisbetterforpurifyingairtha

nothers.C.Itgetsitsnamefromapoisonoussnake.D.Itgrowswellinshadyareasofthehouse.3.Whatfeaturedothelistedhouseholdplantsshare?A.Distinctive

leaves.BFloweringseason.C.Growthtemperature.D.Strikingsize.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几种大叶子的室内植物。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据AfricanMa

skPlant部分中的“Thatcanbesomewhatatrickytaskfortheaverageplantownertoachieveintheirhome,whoislikelytohavetroubleduplicating(

复制)thesesteamyconditions.(这对于一般的植物主人来说是一个棘手的任务，因为它们可能很难复制这些潮湿的环境)”可推知，AfricanMaskPlant需要有经验的主人，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据

Snakeplant部分中的“Withtall,twistingsword-shapedleavesthatgrowupright,ithasair-purifyingcapabilitiesandcanmerrilygrowinalmostdarkcor

nersofthehouse.(高大的，曲的剑形叶子直立生长，它有空气净化能力，并愉快地生长在房子的几乎黑暗的角落)”可知，SnakePlant在房子的阴凉处生长得很好。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Lookingforabig-leafedhousepla

ntthatwillmakeastatementinyourroomanddecorateyourhome?(寻找一种大叶子的室内植物，可以在你的房间里发表声明，装饰你的家？)”，PeaceLily部分中的“glossyoval

leaves(大而光滑的椭圆形叶子)”，AfricanMaskPlant部分中的“Thisindoorplantisasmallerplantwithlargedarkgreenleavesthatareshapedlikeaheart.(这种室内植物是一种较小的植物，大叶子

呈心形，呈深绿色)”，Snakeplant部分中的“Withtall,twistingsword-shapedleaves(长着高大弯曲的剑形叶子)”和KentiaPalm部分中的“ithasbigleaves...itsarchi

ngfronds(大型复叶)willcastbeautifulshadows.(它有大叶子……它拱形的叶子会投下美丽的影子)”可知，这几种植物的共同点是都是大叶子植物，即有独特的叶子，故选A。B.An89-year-oldman,ManfredSteine

r,hasreachedagoalhespent20yearsworkingtowardandnearlyalifetimethinkingabout:earninghisPh.D.AndnowheisaphysicistSteinervaluesthisdegreebecau

seitiswhathealwayswantedandbecauseheovercamehealthproblemsthatcouldhaveaffectedhisstudies.“ButImadeit,andthiswasthemostsatisfacto

rypointinmylife,tofinishit,”hesaid.Whenhewasyoung,SteinerwantedtobecomeaphysicistafterreadingaboutAlbertEins

tein.Buthismotherandunclepersuadedhimthatstudyingmedicinewouldbeabetterchoice.Heearnedhismedicaldegreein1955andmovedtotheUSsoonafter.Stei

nerstudiedhematology（血液学）atTuftsUniversityandbiochemistryattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Hebecameafullprofessorandledthehematologydep

artmentatBrowns’medicalschoolfrom1985to1994.SteinerhelpedestablisharesearchprograminhematologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Hedirectedthatp

rogramuntilheretiredfrommedicinein2000.Steinerfoundmedicalresearchpleasing,butitwasnotquitethesameashisinterestinphysics.

“Itwassomethinglikeawishthatwasneverfulfilled,thatalwaysstuckinthebackofmyhead,”hesaid.Atage70,hestartedtakingundergraduateclasses.Physi

csprofessorBradMarstonwassurprisedwhenSteinerenteredhisquantummechanicsclass.ButhebecameSteiner’sadviserforhisdissertation（学位论文）a

fterrealizinghowseriousSteinerwasaboutthesubjectandhowhardheworked.“Hehaswrittenmanypapersinmedicalscience,morepapersthanI’vewritteninphysics

,”Marstonsaid.“Onethingthat’sreallytrueaboutManfredisthatheperseveres.”AftertheuniversitypublishedastoryaboutSteineronitswe

bsite,peopleacrosstheUScontactedhimtoaskforadviceonhowtogoaftertheirdreamslaterinlife.Hisadviceis:Dowhatyoulovetodo.4.WhydidSteinervaluehisdegreeinph

ysics?A.Becauseitsolvedhishealthproblems.B.Becauseitwashislong-pursueddream.C.Becauseitmethismother’sexpectation.D.BecauseitwasinspiredbyAlb

ertEinstein.5.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Steiner’scontributionstoteaching.B.Steiner’sresearchesafterretireme

nt.C.Steiner’sachievementsinhematology.D.Steiner’sperformancesatTuftsUniversity.6.WhatimpressedProfessorMarstonmostaboutS

teiner?A.Histakingundergraduateclassesat70.B.Hiswritingmorepapersinphysics.C.Hisstickingtobecomingaphysici

st.D.HisbeingarolemodelforAmericans.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSteiner?A.Activeandopen-minded.B.Enthusiasticandeasy-going.C.Intelligentandw

arm-hearted.D.Perseverantandhard-working.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位坚持实现自己梦想的老人的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Steinervaluesthisdegreebecaus

eitiswhathealwayswantedandbecauseheovercamehealthproblemsthatcouldhaveaffectedhisstudies.(Steiner重视这个学位是因为那是他梦寐以求的，而且克服了本可能影响他学

习的健康问题)”可知，他重视物理上的这个学位是因为那时他长期追求的梦想。故选B。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Hebecameafullprofessorandledthehematologyde

partmentatBrowns’medicalschoolfrom1985to1994.SteinerhelpedestablisharesearchprograminhematologyattheUniversityof

NorthCarolina.(他成为一名全职教授，从1985年到1994年在布朗医学院带领血液学部门。在北卡罗莱纳州大学，他帮助建立了一个血液学方面的研究项目)”可知，第四段主要讲Steiner在血液学上的成就。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ButhebecameSte

iner’sadviserforhisdissertation（学位论文）afterrealizinghowseriousSteinerwasaboutthesubjectandhowhardheworked.(但是，当他意识到斯坦纳对这个问题是多么认

真、多么努力地工作之后，他就成为了斯坦纳的论文导师)”可知，Steiner给教授Marston留下深刻印象的是他坚持成为物理学家的努力。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“An89-year-oldman,ManfredSteiner,hasreache

dagoalhespent20yearsworkingtowardandnearlyalifetimethinkingabout:earninghisPh.D.Andnowheisaphysicist(89岁的老人ManfredSteiner在用了20年的时间获得了博士学位，

现在是一名物理学家)根据倒数第二段“ButhebecameSteiner’sadviserforhisdissertation（学位论文）afterrealizinghowseriousSteinerwasaboutthesubj

ectandhowhardheworked.Onethingthat’sreallytrueaboutManfredisthatheperseveres.(但是，当他意识到斯坦纳对这个问题是多么认真、多么努力地工作之

后，他就成为了斯坦纳的论文导师。曼弗雷德真正的特点是坚持不懈。)”可知他是一位有毅力，勤奋的人。故选D。CWhenIwasfive,Ioncepeeledoffthepaperthatenvelopedmycrayonsandsnappedthemint

wo.Mygreatenthusiasmwasdampenedtofindjustmorecrayoninside.WhenIstartedwritingwordswithpencils,Iwouldt

wisttheminsideasharpenertoseeifthepencilleadwentallthewaythroughthebody.Growingup,Isawmytelevisiontakenaparttorevealtheinnerworkingsthatonl

ymadesensewhenIdidadegreeinphysics.ThenIlandedacareerinengineering,spendingsixyearsaspartoftheteamthatdesignedtheShard

,afamousbuildinginLondon.Actually,whetherIknewitornot,Iwasalreadyonamissiontounderstandhowthingsareformed.Afterexploringthebig,Idecid

edtoturntothesmall.Irealizedwhatevermatterformshuman-madeobjects,complexdevicesaremadeupoffundamentalbuildingblocks

,withoutwhichourcomplexmachinerywouldn’texist.ItisthisideathatinspiredmybookwhereIselectwhatIbelievearesevencoreelementsthatf

ormthebasisoftheworld-thenail,thewheel,thespring,themagnet,thelens,thepumpandthestring.Togethertheycomposeavastrangeof

innovationsintermsoftheirunderlying(潜在的)scientificprinciplesandthefieldsofengineeringtheytouch.They’vechangedourtechnology,andhadasweepingimpactono

urhistory,arts,culture,communication,politicalandpowerstructures,etc.Theblenderweusetomakebaby’sfoodreliesongears(齿轮),whichcouldn’texistwith

outthewheel.Thespeakeronthephonereliesonamagnet.Evenwhenwethinkoflargerandmorecomplexobjects-diggers,skyscrapers,satellites-wecomebacktoth

esamesevenfoundationalinnovations.So,lookaroundyou,andaskquestionsaboutwhatyousee:reignite(重燃)thatchildhoodcuriosity

.Hopefully,thatwillinspireyoutoinvestigateandleadyoutoabetterunderstandingofthebuildingblocksofourworld.8.Whydoestheauthormentioncrayonsinp

aragraph1?A.Toexplainhischoiceofcollegemajor.B.Todemonstratehisfascinationwithtools.C.Tohighlighthisdisappointmentatthedis

covery.D.Toshowhisearlypassionfortheinsidesofobjects.9.Whatmadetheauthor’sbookpossible?AHisexperienceindesigningbuildings.B.Hisunderstanding

oftheoriginofthings.C.Hisfindingofthecomponentsofmachinery.D.Hisperspectiveontheoperationoftheworld.10.Whatdowe

knowaboutthesevencoreelements?A.Theythrowlightonscientificprinciples..B.Theyhaveaprofoundinfluenceonsociet

y.C.Theymarkaneraoftechnologicalinnovation.D.Theyrepresenttheadvancementinengineering.11.Whatcanbethebesttitlef

orthetext?A.SmallThingsThatCountB.BigDreamsThatRewardC.AsktheRightQuestionsD.UnderstandCoreElements【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者从小就对事物

的内部感兴趣，他发现一切事物都是由七个核心小元素组成的，即：小东西也很重要。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenIwasfive,Ioncepeeledoffthepaperthatenvelopedmycra

yonsandsnappedthemintwo.Mygreatenthusiasmwasdampenedtofindjustmorecrayoninside.WhenIstartedwritingwordswithpencils,Iwouldtwisttheminsidea

sharpenertoseeifthepencilleadwentallthewaythroughthebody.Growingup,Isawmytelevisiontakenaparttorevealtheinnerworkingsthatonlymadese

nsewhenIdidadegreeinphysics.(我五岁的时候，有一次我把包着蜡笔的纸撕下来，把它们掰成两半。我发现里面只有更多的蜡笔，我的热情被浇灭了。当我开始用铅笔写字时，我会把它们拧在卷笔刀

里，看看铅笔芯是否一直穿过身体。在我的成长过程中，我看到我的电视被拆开，以揭示只有当我获得物理学学位时才有意义的内部运作。)”可知，这一段提到作者小时候把包着蜡笔的纸撕下来、用卷笔刀削铅笔、拆电视机等都是想说明

作者从小就对事物的内部感兴趣。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Irealizedwhatevermatterformshuman-madeobjects,complexdevicesaremadeupoffundamentalbuildin

gblocks,withoutwhichourcomplexmachinerywouldn’texist.(我意识到，无论物质形成什么样的人造物体，复杂的设备都是由基本的构建块组成的，没有这些构建块，我们复杂的机器就不存在。)”和第四段“Itisth

isideathatinspiredmybookwhereIselectwhatIbelievearesevencoreelementsthatformthebasisoftheworld-thenail,thewheel,thespring,themagne

t,thelens,thepumpandthestring.(正是这个想法启发了我的书，我选择了我认为构成世界基础的七个核心元素——钉子、轮子、弹簧、磁铁、镜头、泵和绳子。)”可知，是作者对机械部件的发现促使他写书。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Itisth

isideathatinspiredmybookwhereIselectwhatIbelievearesevencoreelementsthatformthebasisoftheworld-thenail,thewheel,th

espring,themagnet,thelens,thepumpandthestring.Togethertheycomposeavastrangeofinnovationsintermsoftheirunde

rlying(潜在的)scientificprinciplesandthefieldsofengineeringtheytouch.They’vechangedourtechnology,andhadasweepingimpactonourhistory,arts,culture,commun

ication,politicalandpowerstructures,etc.(正是这个想法启发了我的书，我选择了我认为构成世界基础的七个核心元素——钉子、轮子、弹簧、磁铁、镜头、泵和绳子。就其基本科学原理和所涉及的工程领域而言，它

们共同构成了一系列创新。它们改变了我们的技术，对我们的历史、艺术、文化、沟通、政治和权力结构等产生了广泛影响。)”可知，作者认为这七个核心元素对我们整个社会都有广泛的影响。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大

意题。根据第三段“Irealizedwhatevermatterformshuman-madeobjects,complexdevicesaremadeupoffundamentalbuildingblo

cks,withoutwhichourcomplexmachinerywouldn’texist.(我意识到，无论物质形成什么样的人造物体，复杂的设备都是由基本的构建块组成的，没有这些构建块，我们复杂的机器就不存在。)”，第五段“Theblenderweuse

tomakebaby’sfoodreliesongears(齿轮),whichcouldn’texistwithoutthewheel.Thespeakeronthephonereliesonamagnet.Evenwhenw

ethinkoflargerandmorecomplexobjects-diggers,skyscrapers,satellites-wecomebacktothesamesevenfoundationa

linnovations.(我们用来制作婴儿食品的搅拌机依赖于齿轮，没有轮子就不可能存在。手机上的扬声器依靠磁铁。即使当我们想到更大、更复杂的物体——挖掘机、摩天大楼、卫星——我们也会回到同样的七项基本创新。)”和最后一段“So,lookaroundyou,an

daskquestionsaboutwhatyousee:reignite(重燃)thatchildhoodcuriosity.Hopefully,thatwillinspireyoutoinvestigateandleadyoutoabetterunderstandi

ngofthebuildingblocksofourworld.(所以，环顾四周，问问你所看到的：重新点燃童年的好奇心。希望这将激励你进行调查，并引导你更好地了解我们世界的组成部分。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述作者从小就对事物

的内部感兴趣，他发现一切事物都是由七个核心小元素组成的，即：小东西也很重要。故选A。DHumans,bynature,havealwayslivedingroupsandsocialinteractionisfundamentalforeverypartofourhealth.L

ackofitcanleadtofeelingsofisolationandloneliness.Astrongsupportnetworkandsolidcommunitybondspromoteouremotionalandphysicalhealth,andarecriticalcom

ponentsofabalancedadultlife.However,justaswithmanyotheraspectsofourlives,thereseemstobealimittohowlargeourpersonalnetworkscangr

ow.Backin1992,aBritishscholarnamedRobinDunbarcameupwithahypothetical(假设的)numberdefiningthemaximumsumofmeaningfulhu

manrelationshipsapersoncanhave.Thenumber,whichwaslaternamedafterhim,wasdiscoveredaccidentallywhilehewasst

udyingthecleaningandbrushingtendencies—asocialbehavior—ofnon-humanprimates(灵长类动物).Aroundthattime,researchershaddiscover

edthatthelargebrainoftheseprimateswasaresultoftheirsociallycomplexsocieties.Therelevancewasthatthelargerthebrain,thelargertheanimal'ssocialgroup

waslikelytobe.Scientistscouldthentheoreticallyuseananimal'sbrainsizetocalculatehowmanymemberscouldmakeupthisgroup.Dunbarappliedthistheo

rytohumans,andtheresultingnumberwasroughly150.Dunbar'sNumber,however,onlyreferstothelimitofmeaningfulcontactswithinoursocialnet

work.Itdoesnotaccountforotherrelationships.Humansocialrelationshipstendtohavenumerouslayers,andextendoutwardfromtheindividualincircl

eswiththesamecentre.Theinnermostcirclecontainsfivepeople:ourlovedones.Thenextcircleholdsofourgoodfriends.Thethirdcircleisreservedfo

rpeopleweconsiderfriends,andthefourthiswherethelimitof150canbefound.Nowadays,withvariousformsofelectroniccommunicat

ion,suchaswebsitesforsocialnetworkingandmicrobloggingpeoplefinditveryconvenienttocreateonlinecommunitiestoshareinformation,ideas,personalmessages,an

dothercontents.Consequently,itispossibleforahumantogetintothefifth(500acquainitances)circle,animpressivebreakthroughthatwasdifficulttoachieveinthepas

t.12.WhatcanbelearnedaboutDunbar'sNumberinParagraph2?A.Itisconfirmedbythesocialreality.B.Itservesasanaccuratemeasurement.C.Itisbackedbyacer

taintheoreticalbasis.D.Itestablisheslinksbetweenhealthandnetwork.13.Whichofthefollowingdiagramsillustrateshumansocia

lrelationships?A.B.C.D.14.Whyisiteasytodaytogobeyondthefourthcircleofhumanrelationships?A.Humanbrainsarebecomingbiggerandbigger.B.Social

mediahavecontributedtothephenomenon.C.Meaningfulcontactsgrowsignificantlywithage.D.Peopleareeagertoimproveeveryaspectoftheirlives.15.Whatc

anbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.GroupLiving:ASolutiontoHealthProblemsB.Dunbar'sTheory:ALaddertoCareerSuccessC.So

cialNetwork:ASouredofEndlessPleasureD.Dunbar'sNumber:AMeasureofSocialRelations【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.D【解析】【分析

】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国学者罗宾·邓巴在研究灵长类动物清洁和梳毛的倾向这一社会行为时，意外发现了邓巴数——按照人类的大脑大小，一个人可以与大约150个人建立稳定人际关系。但是现在随着媒体的发展，这个150人的限制被打破。【12题详解】推理判

断题。从第二段第二句开始“Thenumber,whichwaslaternamedafterhim,wasdiscoveredaccidentallywhilehewasstudyingthecleaningandbrushingtendencies—asocialbehavior—o

fnon-humanprimates(灵长类动物).Aroundthattime,researchershaddiscoveredthatthelargebrainoftheseprimateswasaresultofthei

rsociallycomplexsocieties.Therelevancewasthatthelargerthebrain,thelargertheanimal'ssocialgroupwaslikelytobe.Scientistsc

ouldthentheoreticallyuseananimal’sbrainsizetocalculatehowmanymemberscouldmakeupthisgroup.(这个数，后来以他的名字命名为邓巴数，是意外地发现的，当时他正在研究非人类的灵长类动物的一个社会行为——

清洁和梳毛的倾向。大约在那个时候，研究人员就已发现，这些灵长类动物的大大的大脑是它们复杂社会的结果。与此相关的是，大脑越大，动物的社会群体可能就越大。从理论上讲，科学家们可以利用动物大脑的大小来计算出这个群体可以由多少成员组成。邓巴将这一理论

应用于人类，结果是大约150人)”可知，科学家们建立了“利用动物大脑的大小来计算出这个群体可以由多少成员组成”的理论，换言之，“个体的大脑的大小决定了该个体的朋友圈的总人数”。邓巴数告诉我们：按照人类的大

脑大小，一个人可以与大约150个人建立稳定人际关系，这个结论是以前面提到的理论为基础得来的。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。从第三段“Humansocialrelationshipstendtohavenumerouslayers,andextend

outwardfromtheindividualincircleswiththesamecentre.Theinnermostcirclecontainsfivepeople:ourlovedones.Thenextcircleholdsofourgoodfri

ends.Thethirdcircleisreservedforpeopleweconsiderfriends,andthefourthiswherethelimitof150canbefound.(人类的社会关系往往有许多层次，并从个体向外延伸，形成一个以同一中心为中心的圆圈。

最里面的圈子包括五个人：我们的爱人。下一圈是我们的好朋友。第三个圈是为我们认为是朋友的人预留的，第四个圈是可以找到150人的限制的所在)”和本段最后一句“Consequently,itispossibleforahumanto

getintothefifth(500acquainitances)circle,animpressivebreakthroughthatwasdifficulttoachieveinthepast(因此，一个人有可能进入第五圈(500个熟人)，这是一个令人印象深刻的突破，在过去很难实

现)”可知，人类的社会关系以至多5个同心圆的方式呈现。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。从第三段“Thethirdcircleisreservedforpeopleweconsiderfriends,andthefourthiswherethelimitof150can

befound.Nowadays,withvariousformsofelectroniccommunication,suchaswebsitesforsocialnetworkingandmicrobloggingpeoplefinditveryconvenienttocrea

teonlinecommunitiestoshareinformation,ideas,personalmessages,andothercontents.(第三个圈是为我们认为是朋友的人预留的，第四个圈是可以找到150人的限制的所在。如今，随着各种形式的电子交流

，如社交网站和微博，人们发现创建在线社区来分享信息、想法、个人信息和其他内容非常方便。因此，一个人有可能进入第五圈(500熟人)，这是一个令人印象深刻的突破，在过去很难实现)”可知，便捷的社交媒体使个体超越人际关系的第四个圈子成为可能。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要介

绍了邓巴数（Dunbar’sNumber），由第二段第一句“Backin1992,aBritishscholarnamedRobinDunbarcameupwithahypothetical(假设的)numberdefiningthemaximu

msumofmeaningfulhumanrelationshipsapersoncanhave.Thenumber,whichwaslaternamedafterhim,wasdiscoveredaccidentallywhilehewa

sstudyingthecleaningandbrushingtendencies—asocialbehavior—ofnon-humanprimates(灵长类动物).（早在1992年,一个名叫罗宾·邓巴的英国学者就提出了一个假设的数字用来定义一

个人可以拥有的有意义的人际关系的最大总和。这个数，后来以他的名字命名为邓巴数，是意外地发现的，当时他正在研究非人类的灵长类动物的一个社会行为——清洁和刷毛的倾向)”可知，邓巴数定义一个人的朋友圈的总人数，体现出这个人的社会关系网的

大小。D项“Dunbar’sNumber:AMeasureofSocialRelations(邓巴数，一个社会关系的衡量标准)”，做本文标题最为贴切。故选D项。第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白

处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereareonlyafewtrulypleasantsmellstowakeuptointhemorning.Itmightbethearomaoffreshlybakedbread,orthesc

entofyourfreshlybrushedteeth—butforme,it’sthesmelloffreshlybrewedcoffee.____16____Ifyou’reabigfanofcoffee,you’llundersta

ndthatopeninganewpacketofcoffeereleasesanamazingsmell—fresh,roastedcoffeebeans.Delicious!Andifyou’vegotanoseforthestuff,you’

llbeabletoidentifythebeans’origin-Colombia,VietnamorBrazil—theworld’sbiggestcoffeeproducer.TimHaywardisafoodwriterandcoffeeshopowner.____17_

___“Whenyouwalkintothecoffeeshopinthemorningandthatsmellhitsyou,you’regettingphysiological(生理上的)respo

nses,”hetoldtheBBC.IknowfromexperiencewhenIwalkintoacaféformydoubleespressoorflatwhite,mymouthbeginstowaterinanticipation.____18____However,t

hisfeelingsometimesturnstodisappointmentwhenIactuallystartdrinkingmyhotbeverage—thetastejustdoesn’tmatchthesmell..Thisispart

icularlythecasewhenIorderacoffeetogoinatallpapercupandsiptheliquidthroughaholeinthelid.____19____TimHay

warddescribesthisprocessas“weird”and“baffling”.Hesays,“Youwalkintothecoffeeshop,yougetthesmell,butwhenyouactuallytakethedrinkout

,youaredrinkingitfromsomethingthatisdesignedtodeliverthehotliquiddirectlypastyourtongue,butpreventanysmellcominguptoyournose.”____

20____In2011,itwasestimatedthat2.5billioncoffeecupswerethrownawayeachyearintheUK,andthatfigureislikelytob

ehighernow.Somaybenowisthetimetoreallywakeupandsmellthecoffeebydrinkingfromacupormuginacafé,chattingwithfriendsandsavingthepla

net.A.Hebelievesthesmellisabsolutelyvital.B.Coffeebeans’originmakesallthedifference.C.Inaword,savingourplanetisonthe

topofouragenda.D.Yes,it’sconvenient,butisitreallytherightwaytoappreciateit?E.Aswellaseliminatingthesmell,takeawaycoffe

ecupscreatealotofwaste.F.Althoughit’sthecaffeinehitI’mafter,it’sthesmellthatmakesmefeelgood.G.Justasniffo

fitmakesmejumpoutofbedandrushtothekitchenforacoffee.【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.D20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲了早晨醒来，闻到咖啡的香味，喝一杯纯正

的咖啡，是一种莫大的享受，但因为外带咖啡的出现，不仅过滤掉了咖啡的香气，还造成了环境污染。【16题详解】上文“Thereareonlyafewtrulypleasantsmellstowakeuptointhemorning.(早晨醒来时真正令人愉快气味只

有几种。)”可知，作者提出“令人愉快的气味”这一概念，下文“butforme,it’sthesmelloffreshlybrewedcoffee.(但对我来说，它是刚煮好的咖啡的香味。)”可以推出，后文是想说咖啡的香味对作者的影响。G项“只要闻一下它的味道，我就会从床上跳起

来，冲到厨房去喝咖啡。”与前后文有顺承递进关系。故选G项。【17题详解】上文“TimHaywardisafoodwriterandcoffeeshopowner.(蒂姆·海沃德是一位美食作家和咖啡店老板。)”的介绍被采访者身份信息，下文“Whenyouw

alkintothecoffeeshopinthemorningandthatsmellhitsyou,you’regettingphysiologicalresponses,”hetoldtheBBC.(他在接受BBC采访

时表示：“当你早上走进咖啡店，闻到咖啡的香味时，你会产生生理反应。)”可以推出，空处需要填的是蒂姆·海沃德对于咖啡香气的观点——非常重要，因为闻到了咖啡香味甚至会产生生理反应。A项“他认为气味是绝对重要的。”符合文意，且选项中的“He”对应前文TimHayward。故

选A项。【18题详解】上文“IknowfromexperiencewhenIwalkintoacaféformydoubleespressoorflatwhite,mymouthbeginstowater

inanticipation.(根据我的经验，当我走进咖啡厅去点双份浓缩咖啡或馥芮白的时候，我就会因为期待而开始流口水。)”可知，作者“根据自己的经验”指的是会因为咖啡的香味走进一家咖啡店，并且作者一般会点一些重咖啡因的无糖咖啡，并且会因为闻到了气味而感

到期待。F项“虽然我追求的是咖啡因，但让我感觉良好的是它的味道。”对前文有总结作用。故选F项。【19题详解】上文“ThisisparticularlythecasewhenIorderacoffeet

ogoinatallpapercupandsiptheliquidthroughaholeinthelid.(当我点了一杯装在高纸杯里的咖啡，然后通过杯盖上的一个洞喝咖啡时，这种情况尤其明显。)”可知，作

者发现用咖啡杯喝咖啡最容易感到失望，下文“TimHaywarddescribesthisprocessas“weird”and“baffling”.(蒂姆•海沃德将这一过程描述为“怪异”和“令人困惑”。)”和“youaredrinkingitfromsomethingtha

tisdesignedtodeliverthehotliquiddirectlypastyourtongue,butpreventanysmellcominguptoyournose.”(你喝的是某种设计好的东西，它能让热液体直接经过你的舌头，但防止任何气味进入你的鼻子。”)”用蒂姆·海沃

德解释了作者发现的这一现象。由此可以推出，空处需要填一句话将上下文段联系在一起。D项“是的，这很方便，但这真的是欣赏咖啡的正确方式吗？”符合文意，选项中“it”指的是用咖啡杯喝咖啡很方便。故选D项。【2

0题详解】上文“youaredrinkingitfromsomethingthatisdesignedtodeliverthehotliquiddirectlypastyourtongue,butpreventanysmellcominguptoy

ournose.”(你喝的是某种设计好的东西，它能让热液体直接经过你的舌头，但防止任何气味进入你的鼻子。”)”可知，咖啡杯会过滤掉咖啡的香气，下文“In2011,itwasestimatedthat2.5billioncoffeecupswerethrownawayeachyearinthe

UK,andthatfigureislikelytobehighernow.Somaybenowisthetimetoreallywakeupandsmellthecoffeebydrinkingfromacupormuginacafé,chattingwithfriendsandsav

ingtheplanet.(据估计，英国每年有二十五亿个咖啡杯被扔掉，而现在这个数字可能更高。所以，也许现在是时候真正清醒过来，在咖啡厅里用杯子或马克杯喝咖啡，和朋友聊天，拯救地球。)”讲的是咖啡杯对环境造成的影响。故空处需要承上启下。E项“外带咖啡杯除了会减去咖啡的味道之外，还会造成大

量浪费。”对前文有总结作用，对后文有启下作用。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用(共四节;满分55分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)“Foundsomething!”SusanBaur,aswimmer,ducksintothewater.She___

21___,holdingapairofswimminggoggles(护目镜).Thesearepassedtoakayaker(皮划艇桨手),whowavesthem___22___,likeaprize,beforet

hrowingtheminabasket.Whentheteamreturnsto___23___,thewomenaresmilingandcrackingjokesaboutthe___24___andtheir

pull.Since2017,OldLadiesAgainstUnderwaterGarbage(OLAUG),whichaccepts___25___olderwomenasmembers,hasmadeititsmissionto___26___trashfrompondsa

crossCapeCod.Manyoutsidershaveexpressedtheir___27___toOLAUGforcleaninguptheponds;anumber,however,have__

_28___whytheyrefertothemselvesas“oldladies”.“YoushouldcallyourselvestheMermaids(美人鱼)AgainstGlitterLitter.”Othershavesaidsheshouldopenthegroupto

all___29___,andeventomen.___30___theyadmitthatitwasn’t___31___aconsciouschoice,theynowbelievethatthe“oldla

dy”___32___isacrucialpartofwhatthegroupisabout.“Womenover65tendtofeeltherestrictionofaging,”Baursays.“PartofthegoalofOLAUGis

to___33___thatolderwomencandoalotmorethanpeoplemightthink.”Criticism___34___,themostcommonresponseis“Iwanttojoinyou”.Andafterthatfirstdive,t

henewapplicationexcitementis___35___withalotonthewaitinglisttobeoneofthem.21.A.surfacesB.surfsC.flowsD.bathes22.A.forwardB.backC.overhead

D.downward23.A.borderB.homeC.pondD.shore24.A.matchB.diveC.voyageD.drag25.A.preciselyB.absolutelyC.mainlyD.merely26.A.recoverB.reuseC.removeD.release

27.A.gratitudeB.concernC.sympathyD.curiosity28.A.commentedB.questionedC.proposedD.suspected29.A.agesB.ranksC.sectionsD.genders30.A.AsB.Althoug

hC.SinceD.Unless31.A.occasionallyB.eventuallyC.initiallyD.frequently32.A.profileB.distinctionC.personalityD.identity33.A.demons

trateB.implyC.warnD.declare34.A.altogetherB.beyondC.asideD.besides35.A.substantialB.infectiousC.fierceD.thrilli

ng【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一群以老年女性为主的团体“反对水下垃圾的老太太们”（OLAUG）自2017年

起致力于清理科德角的池塘垃圾，她们的行动赢得外界感激，但也遭受关于团体名称的质疑。成员们认为“老妇人”这一身份象征着对抗年龄限制，展示老年女性的无限可能。面对批评，OLAUG更收获大量积极反响，申请加入者络绎不绝，热情高涨。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析

。句意：她潜入水中，然后浮出水面，手里拿着一副游泳护目镜。A.surfaces浮出水面；B.surfs冲浪；C.flows流动；D.bathes洗澡。根据前文的“SusanBaur,aswimmer,ducksintothewater”和后文“holdingapairo

fswimminggoggles(护目镜)”可知，SusanBaur是一名游泳者，之前潜入水中，因此此处应是浮出水面。故选A。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：皮划艇运动员会将这些球传给皮划艇运动员，皮划艇运动员将球像奖品一样在头顶挥动，然后将球扔进篮子

里。A.forward向前；B.back回；C.overhead在头顶上；D.downward向下。根据前文的“whowavesthem”可知，此处描述的是皮划艇桨手接收到护目镜后的动作，他应该是在头顶挥动展示，即向其他队员或观众展示。故选C。【23题详

解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当团队回到岸边时，女士们面带微笑，开着关于潜水和她们收获的玩笑。A.border边界；B.home家；C.pond池塘；D.shore岸边。根据前文的“Whentheteamreturnsto”可知，团队进行的是水中的清理活动，完成任务后应回到岸边。故选D

。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当团队回到岸边时，女士们面带微笑，开着关于潜水和她们收获的玩笑。A.match比赛；B.dive潜水；C.voyage航行；D.drag拖拽。根据前文的““Foundsomething!”SusanBaur,aswimmer,duc

ksintothewater.”可知，她们进行的是水下垃圾清理活动，因此应是潜水。故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：自2017年以来，只接受老年女性会员的“反对水下垃圾的老妇人”（OLAUG）就把清除科德角池塘里的垃

圾作为自己的使命。A.precisely精确地；B.absolutely绝对地；C.mainly主要地；D.merely仅仅。根据后文的“olderwomenasmembers”和“Othershavesaidsheshouldopenthegrouptoall9,andeventomen.”

可知，有人表示，这个组织应该向所有年龄段的人开放，甚至包括男性。可推出OLAUG是一个只由老年女性组成的组织。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2017年以来，只接受老年女性会员的“反对水下垃圾的老妇人”（OLAUG）就把清除科德角池塘里的垃圾作为自己的使命。A

.recover恢复；B.reuse重新使用；C.remove移除；D.release释放。根据后文的“trashfrompondsacrossCapeCod”可知，OLAUG的使命是清理水下垃圾，因此是“

移除”池塘中的垃圾。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多外界人士对OLAUG表示感谢，感谢他们清理了池塘；然而，也有人质疑他们为什么称自己为“老妇人”。A.gratitude感激；B.concern关心；

C.sympathy同情；D.curiosity好奇。根据后文的“toOLAUGforcleaninguptheponds”可知，OLAUG的工作有益于环境，因此人们对其表示感激。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：

许多外界人士对OLAUG表示感谢，感谢他们清理了池塘；然而，也有人质疑他们为什么称自己为“老妇人”。A.commented评论；B.questioned质疑；C.proposed提议；D.suspected怀疑。根据后文的“whytheyrefertothemselvesas“oldladies”

”可知，根据下文的疑问内容，这里是指外界对她们自称“老妇人”提出疑问。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人则表示，她应该向所有年龄段的人开放这个团体，甚至包括男性。A.ages年龄；B.ranks等级；C.sectio

ns部分；D.genders性别。根据前文的“Othershavesaidsheshouldopenthegrouptoall”和后文“andeventomen.”可知，这里讨论的是团体成员的年龄限制问题，有人表示，这个组织应该向所有年龄段的人开放。故选A。【30题详解】考查连词

词义辨析。句意：虽然她他们承认这最初并不是一个有意识的选择，但她们现在认为，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分。A.As随着；B.Although尽管；C.Since自从；D.Unless除非。根据后文的“theyadmitthatitwasn’t11aconsciouschoi

ce,theynowbelievethatthe“oldlady”12isacrucialpartofwhatthegroupisabout.”可知，尽管最初不是有意为之，但现在他们认同这一称呼的意义，前后句意存在转

折让步关系，应用although“虽然”引导让步状语从句。故选B。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然她他们承认这最初并不是一个有意识的选择，但她们现在认为，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分。A.occasio

nally偶尔；B.eventually最终；C.initially最初；D.frequently频繁地。根据前后文的“aconsciouschoice,theynowbelievethatthe“oldlady”12isacrucialp

artofwhatthegroupisabout.”可知，她们现在认为，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分，这里强调的是开始时的情况，最初并不是一个有意识的选择。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她他们承认这最初并不是一个有意识的选择，但她们现在认

为，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分。A.profile侧面；轮廓；B.distinction差异；C.personality个性；D.identity身份。根据后文的“isacrucialpartofwhatt

hegroupisabout.”可知，这里指的是将“老妇人”作为团体成员的一种身份认同，“老妇人”的身份是该团体核心的一部分。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：OLAUG目标的一部分是展示老年女性可以做的事情远比人们想象的要多。A.demonstra

te展示；B.imply暗示；C.warn警告；D.declare宣布。根据后文的“thatolderwomencandoalotmorethanpeoplemightthink.”可知，该组织目标的一部分是通过行动展示老年

女性的能力。故选A。【34题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：批评放在一边，最常见的回应是“我想加入你们”。A.altogether完全地；B.beyond超过；C.aside在旁边；D.besides除了。根据前文的“Criticism”和后文“themostcommonresponseis“

Iwanttojoinyou””可知，这里是指把批评意见放到一边，强调的是积极的反应。故选C。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在第一次潜水之后，新申请者的兴奋之情很有感染力，很多人都在等待名单上，希望能成为其中一员。A.substantial实质性的；B.

infectious有感染力的；C.fierce凶猛的；D.thrilling刺激的。根据前文的“thenewapplicationexcitementis”和后文“withalotonthewaitinglisttobeoneofthem”可知，此处形容新成员的兴奋情

绪具有感染性，吸引更多人想加入。故选B。第二节短文语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)语法填空EarlyJuneinChinaisacrucialtimeforfamilieswithhighschoolstud

ents,asitistheGaokao—theannualChinesecollegeentranceexamination.StartingonJune7,theintenseexamperiodlastsfortwotofourdays,____36____(depen

d)ontheparticularprovince.In2023,12.91millionstudentstookpartintheGaokao—980,000morethantheyearbefore,andthemostinthehistoryoftheG

aokao.OnGaokaodays,____37____wholeofsocietyismobilized(动员)tohelpstudents.Thereareusuallyseveralroundsofsecuritycheck

sontheexamvenues(场地).Emergencymedicalassistanceneeds____38____(put)inplace,andpolicewillbedeployed(调度)forprotectionandtrafficcoo

rdinationaroundthevenues.Everyyear,therearestoriesofpolicemenandtaxidriversofferingfree____39____(ride)tostu

dentsrunninglatefortheirexams.InChina,thenine-yearcompulsoryeducation____40____(fund)bythegovernment.Afterthosenineyears,Gaoka

oallowstheopportunitytogainadmissionintocollegeoruniversitiesfor____41____(high)education.TheadmissionrateviaGaokaohasincreasedfrom4percentin1

977,____42____theexamwasresumed(重新开始),to85percentin2022.However,asinotherexamsaroundtheworld,studentsareal

socompetingforthelimitedseatsatthebestuniversitiesandcolleges.____43____themarksoftheexamaretheonlystandardofenrollingstudents,Gaokaoprov

idesthestudentswithafairchanceofalteringthecourseoftheirlives,especiallythosefromtheunderdevelopedareas.Gettingintoa

nelite(最优秀的)universitycouldalsomeanbetterchancesofemploymentandhigherpayment____44____graduation.MostoftheChinese

parentsinvestheavilyintheeducationoftheirchildren,andGaokaoisthetimetoreapthatharvest.Everyyear,duringth

edaysoftheexam,Gaokao-relatedtopicstakeChinesesocialmediabystorm.Forthosewhohavealreadypassedtheexam,itisatimeofsend

ingbestwishes,remindersor_____45_____(simple)nostalgia(怀旧)towardsyouth.Thequestionsontheexampapersalsoappearamongthemostsearchhashtags(#号

标签)oftheday.ButastheexamsfinishinmostregionsbytheendofJune8,moststudentshavenowstartedtoenjoytheirsummervacations—beforeth

eirfinalmarksareunveiled.【答案】36.depending37.the38.tobeput39.rides40.isfunded41.higher42.when43.Since44.after45.simply【解析】【导语】这是一篇

说明文。文章介绍了中国高考的现状。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从6月7日开始，紧张的考试持续2到4天，根据特定省份而定。此处为非谓语，动词depend和其逻辑主语theintenseexamperiod之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填depending。【37题详解】考查冠词。句意

：在高考的日子里，整个社会都动员起来帮助学生。一般来说whole前面要用定冠词the。故填the。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧急医疗援助需要到位，警察将在场馆周围部署保护和交通协调。needtodosth.“需要做某事”是固定句式，动词put和主语之间是被动关系，

用不定式的被动式作宾语。故填tobeput。【39题详解】考查名词复数。句意：每年都有警察和出租车司机免费接送考试迟到的学生的故事。此处应用名词复数作动词offering的宾语，零冠词可数名词表泛指。故填rides。【40题详解】考查时态和语态

。句意：在中国，九年制义务教育由政府出资。动词fund和主语之间是被动关系，描述现实状语，用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为单数，主谓一致，故填isfunded。【41题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：在这九年之后，高考让学生有机会进入学院或大学接受高等教育。根据句意可知，此处表示“更

高等的教育”，用形容词的比较级作定语。故填higher。【42题详解】考查定语从句。句意：高考录取率从1977年恢复高考时的4%上升到2022年的85%。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1977，表示时间，应用关系副词when引导，作时间状语。故填when。【43题详解】考查连词。句意：

由于考试分数是录取学生的唯一标准，高考为学生提供了一个公平的机会来改变他们的生活，尤其是那些来自欠发达地区的学生。前后文之间存在因果关系，表示已经知道的原因，用连词since引导原因状语从句，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，通常被置于语句之

前。故填Since。【44题详解】考查介词。句意：进入精英大学也意味着更好的就业机会和毕业后更高的收入。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用介词after和名词graduation构成介词短语，表示“毕业后”，作时间状语。故填after。【45题详解】考

查副词。句意：对于那些已经通过考试的人来说，这是一个发送祝福、提醒或单纯怀念青春的时刻。修饰动词nostalgia用副词。故填simply。第三节单句填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)46.Despitefa

cingmanychallenges,shemanagedtoliveuptoherparents’__________(expect)bygraduatingwithhonors.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】expectations【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管面临

许多挑战，她还是以优异的成绩毕业，不辜负父母的期望。设空处需要名词expectation用作介词to的宾语，构成固定短语liveuptoone’sexpectation“不辜负某人的期望”，空格前有定语parents’，表示“父母的期望”，用复数形式。故填expectat

ions。47.Sinceteenagersarefacedwithavarietyofstressorsthatcancontributetofeelingsofstressandanxietydur

ingtheiradolescence,it’svitalthattheirdiet__________(vary),balancedandtailoredtotheirindividualneeds.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】shouldbevar

ied##bevaried【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：由于青少年在青春期面临着各种压力源，这些压力源会导致压力和焦虑，因此他们的饮食应该多样化、平衡并根据个人需求进行调整，这一点至关重要。本句是固定句型It’svitalth

at+从句，设空处是从句的谓语部分，从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，即should加上动词原形，其中should可以省略，主语theirdiet和动词vary是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填shouldbevaried或bevaried。48.Withmanywildani

malsgraduallydyingout,thepresentsituationdeserves_________(pay)attentionto.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】paying##tobep

aid【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，现状值得关注。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“deservedoingsth.”，意为“值得做某事”，有被动含义，或用“deservetobedone”，“pay”的动名词形式为“paying”，过去分词为“p

aid”，故空格处可填“paying”或“tobepaid”。故填paying/tobepaid。49.Atinymonkeywasleftmomentarilydazed(神智不清的)after__________(

strike)byamotorcyclewhilecrossingtheroad.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】beingstruck【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一只小猴子在过马路时被一辆摩托车撞了，暂时失去了知觉。设空处用作介词after的宾语

，表示“被撞到”应使用动名词的被动式。故填beingstruck。50.UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostly_____(consist)ofsan

d.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】consisting【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与荷兰的大部分地区不同，希尔弗瑟姆实际上是一个丘陵地区，土壤主要由沙子组成。分析句子结构可知，空格处是with复合结构，soil和consis

tof之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填consisting。51.Wewilltalkaboutaparticulartypeofcomfortfood________powermainlyliesintheassociationsitcallsto

mind.（用适当的词填空）【答案】whose【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一种特殊类型的安慰食品，它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的记忆。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是aparticulartypeo

fcomfortfood，空处是引导词，在从句中作定语，表示“它的”，用whose；故填whose。52.Differentpeople,basedontheirpersonalities,preferencesandpersonalhistoriesoflisteningtoparticu

larmusic,willhavedifferentexperienceswhen__________(expose)toaparticularpieceofmusic.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】exposed【解析】【详解】考查状语从句的省略。

句意：不同的人，根据他们的个性、偏好和听特定音乐的个人历史，当接触到特定的音乐片段时，会有不同的体验。分析句子可知，这里考查状语从句的省略，从句补充完整应是whentheyareexposedtoaparticularpiec

eofmusic，当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。故填exposed。53.Thebigfireissaid__________(consume)thehotelbyt

hetimethefirefightersarrived.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tohaveconsumed【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说消防队员到达时大火已经烧毁了酒店。此处用于固

定句型sb./sth.besaidtodosth.“据说某人/某物做某事”，设空处需要不定式，又后面的时间状语bythetimethefirefightersarrived可知，应使用不定式的完成式。故填tohaveconsumed。54.Theb

illhe__________(oppose)sincehetookofficewaseventuallypassed,resultinginmoreyoungmenbeingrecruitedintothear

my.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hadopposed【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他上任以来一直反对的法案最终获得通过，导致更多年轻人被招募入伍。分析句子可知，设空处是句子的谓语部分，根据时间状语sincehetookoffice可知，应使用完成时，根据主句的

谓语动词was，可知，此处表示过去的过去，应使用过去完成时。故填hadopposed。55.Wasittheyoungman’scasualattitudeintheinterview__________cos

thimthejob?(用适当的词填空)【答案】that【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。句意：是那个年轻人面试时漫不经心的态度让他失去了这份工作吗？强调句的基本结构是“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”。在此句中，被强调的部分是“theyoungman’scasual

attitudeintheinterview”。故填that。56.Thelatestalbumfromtheband__________(feature)theirnewsinglehasmetwithamixedreceptionfromfans.(所给词的适当形式填空)【

答案】featuring【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乐队的最新专辑以他们的新单曲为特色，受到了歌迷们的好评。分析句子可知，设空处动词feature用作后置定语修饰名词band，二者之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应使用现在

分词。故填featuring。57.HowsonstarredasHeathcliffinafilm__________(adapt)ofWutheringHeightsreleasedin2011.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】adaption

【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：Howson在2011年上映的改编自《呼啸山庄》的电影中饰演Heathcliff。设空处用作介词in的宾语，需要名词adaption，前面有不定冠词a限定，应使用单数形式。故填adaption。58.Astheygaspedandfeltthe

freedomofopenair,agloriousrayofsunshinebrightenedtheirfaces,asif__________(praise)theheroicactoftheseselflessandcourageoussoldiers.(所给词的

适当形式填空)【答案】praising【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他们喘着粗气，感受着户外的自由时，一缕灿烂的阳光照亮了他们的脸，仿佛在赞扬这些无私勇敢的士兵的英勇行为。此处prais与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填praising

。59.TherealizationsIhadinthatprocesshelpedmegaininsights__________medicineandscienceandultimatelygotmereadyto

integrate(融入)self-careintomydailylife.(用适当的词填空)【答案】into【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：在这个过程中，我的认识帮助我深入了解了医学和科学，并最终让我准备好将自我保健融入日常生活。gaininsightsinto为固定搭配，表

示“深入了解……”，符合题意。故填into。60.Theresultsofsuchinvestigationsashavebeenmadesofar,are__________(contradict).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】

contradictory【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，到目前为止，这些调查的结果是矛盾的。设空处接在be动词后，需要形容词contradictory充当表语说明“results”的特征，故填contradictory。第四节完成句子(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)61.With_

_________(求知若渴),hehasthrownhimselfintotheresearchonAIintherecentfewyears.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】thirstforknowledge【解析】

【详解】考查名词和短语。句意：怀着对知识的渴望，他近几年来一直致力于人工智能的研究。空格处用作介词With的宾语，应使用名词或者名词短语，表示“渴”的英语是名词thirst，不可数名词；表示“知识”的英语是名词knowledge

，不可数，“求知若渴”可以使用名词短语thirstforknowledge。故填thirstforknowledge。62.Itisnotmemorybutcreativity__________(对……必不可少)thelifelongdevelopme

ntofteenagers.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】thatisessentialto【解析】【详解】考查形容词、主谓一致以及强调句。句意：对青少年的终身发展至关重要的不是记忆，而是创造力。本句使用了强调句，强调了句子的主语，空格处缺少的是that+

句子系表部分，“对……必不可少”的英语是beessentialto，主语部分是notmemorybutcreativity，应遵循就近一致原则，be动词使用is。故填thatisessentialto。63.I

often__________(不慌不忙地享用)breakfastwhilelisteningtomusic,whichguaranteesagoodmoodfortheday.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】leisurelyenjoy【解析

】【详解】考查动词时态和副词。句意：我经常一边听音乐一边不慌不忙地享用早餐，这保证了一天的好心情。“享用”enjoy，根据句中guarantees可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词使用原形形式，“不慌不忙地”leisurely，副词作状

语修饰动词enjoy。故填leisurelyenjoy。64.Despitethelossofhearing,hisoutstandingcontributiontoclassicalmusic__________(充分说明)hisgreattalent.(

根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】speaksvolumesabout【解析】【详解】考查动词短语。句意：尽管失去了听力，但他对古典音乐的杰出贡献充分说明了他的才华。根据汉语提示可知，speakvolumesabout“充分说明”，句子是描述一个事实，应用

一般现在时，主语contribution表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数，故填speaksvolumesabout。65.TheChineseknot,which__________(经受住了时间的考验),provestobeaninseparablepartofChinesecultur

e.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】hasstoodthetestoftime【解析】【详解】考查动词短语以及时态。句意：经得起时间考验的中国结，被证明是中国文化不可分割的一部分。“经受住了时间的考验”的英语表达是standthetestoftime，根据句意，中国结在经受住了时间的考验，对现在

的影响是：中国结成为中国文化不可分割的一部分，因此，定语从句应使用现在完成时，先行词TheChineseknot是第三人称单数形式，助动词应使用has。故填hasstoodthetestoftime。66.Hedevotedhimselftothecaus

eofcharity,andhisselflesseffortswere__________(值得认可).(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】worthrecognition【解析】【详解】考查介词和名词。句意：他献身于

慈善事业，他的无私努力值得认可。根据汉语提示“值得”的英语是介词worth，此处构成固定短语“beworth+名词”，“认可”的英语是名词recognition，可以用作不可数名词，作宾语。故填worthrecognition。67.It__________

(我突然想到)thatIcouldimprovethesituationbyturningtotheprofessorforhelp.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】occurredtome【解析】【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：我突

然想到，向教授寻求帮助可以改善这种情况。根据汉语提示“我突然想到”，以及句子结构可知，此处构成固定句型Itoccurredtosbthat+从句“某人突然想到……”，根据句意应使用一般过去时，故填oc

curredtome。68.__________(悲痛欲绝),Leolayinbed,unabletoacceptthefactthathisbestfriendhadlefthim.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】Extremelygrieved【解析】【详

解】考查形容词。句意：利奥躺在床上，悲痛欲绝，无法接受他最好的朋友已经离开他的事实。根据汉语提示“悲痛的”是形容词grieved，“悲痛欲绝”表示极度悲痛，可以使用副词extremely来修饰形容词grieved用作句子的伴随状语，位于句首首字母大写。故填Extremelygrie

ved。69.__________(适应新环境)isnoeasytask.Youneedtostepoutofyourcomfortzone.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】Adaptingtonewsur

roundings【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：适应新环境不是一件容易的事。你需要走出你的舒适区。表示“适应新环境”用adapttonewsurroundings，设空处使用动名词作主语；同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Adaptingtonewsurroundings.7

0.Theaudience__________(爆发出热情的欢呼)whenthemusiciansteppedontothestage.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】burstintoenthusiasticcheers【解析】【详解】考查动词、形容词和名词以及时态。句意：当音乐家走上舞台时，

观众爆发出热烈的欢呼声。汉语提示“爆发出”的英语是动词短语burstinto，“热情的”是形容词enthusiastic，“欢呼”的英语是名词cheer，表示“欢呼声；喝彩声”是可数名词，此处应使用复数形式；空格处用作句子的谓语部分，根据时间状语从句

谓语stepped可知，应使用一般过去时。故填burstintoenthusiasticcheers。第四部分应用文写作(满分15分)71.假定你是李华，你所在的学校摄影社团上周五去公园采风。请给你的英国好友Chris写一封邮件分享你的这次经历，内容包

括：1.你的作品内容；2.你的感想。注意：1.词数：80词左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearChris,________________________________________________

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_______________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearChris,Iwantedtosharewithyoumyrecentexperiencewiththephotographyclubfrommyschool

.LastFriday,wewenttotheparkforaphotoshootanditwastrulyanamazingexperience.Ourthemeforthedaywas“natureanditsbeauty”.I

capturedvariousshotsofthestunninglandscapes,vibrantflowers,andsereneponds.Oneofmyfavoritephotosisaclose-

upofabutterflyperchedonapetal,withitsdelicatewingsspreadingwideagainstthevibrantbackground.Itwasagre

atopportunityformetoconnectwithnatureandexpressmycreativity.IfeeltrulygratefultobepartofthisphotographyclubandI

can’twaitforournextadventure.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你所在的学校摄影社团上周五去公园采风。要求考生给你的英国好友Chris写一封邮件分享你的这次经历。【详解】1.词汇积

累极好的：amazing→gorgeous拍摄：capture→shoot生机勃勃的：vibrant→animate机会：opportunity→chance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Iwantedto

sharewithyoumyrecentexperiencewiththephotographyclubfrommyschool.拓展句：Iwantedtosharewithyoumyrecentexperi

encewiththephotographyclubfrommyschool,whichwasmorethanmeaningfulandwonderful.【点睛】【高分句型1】Oneofmyfavoritephotosisaclose-upofabutterflyper

chedonapetal,withitsdelicatewingsspreadingwideagainstthevibrantbackground.（运用了with的复合结构）【高分句型2】Itwasagreatopportunityformetoconnectwithnature

andexpressmycreativity.（运用了it作形式主语，不定式结构为真正的主语）