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考点14--推理判断之推断文章结构--讲考点--心中有数【2023年高考命题预测】推理判断之推断文章结构考点是新课标中明确要考的考点。在当今高考的新改革时代，考查文章结构题最能考查学生对语篇的整体把控，要求学生必须从大处着眼。预测在2023高考中，推断文

章结构题有可能在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之文章结构考点指南】规律方法：文章结构主要的设题方式常有：（1）Howisthepassageorganized?（2）Whichofthefollowingbe

stshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?规律方法：如何解决文章结构题？考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此,具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。1、记叙文可以采取

以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。2、议论文总体上可以分为四类：

第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。3、说明文往往

采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。考例分析：【江西省赣州市2021届高三3月摸底考试（一模）】Weallknowapickyeater(挑食者)ortwo,orm

aybeyou'rethepickyeater,avoidingfoodadventuresatallcosts,becauseyou'reconvincedyou'llhatewhatevernewandbad-lookingfoo

disputonyourplate.Butwhyisitthatsomepeoplearepickyeaterswhileothersarewillingtotryprettymuchanythingthatcanbeeaten?There'snosingleexplanationforth

epickyeatinghabit.Pickyeatersaretypicallyunwillingtotrynewfoods,whichcanbetheresultofyourDNAandthewayyouaretreatedandeducatedwh

enyouareyoung.MarciaPelchat,Ph.D．,aresearcherattheMonellChemicalSensesCenterinPhiladelphiawhospecializesin

foodpreferencesinhumans,tellsChinaDaily,“AgroupinFinlandlookedatwhatwecallfoodneophobia,whichliterallymeans'fearofthenew',andtheyfoundtha

tthereissomegeneticbasisforthis.”“Also,ifyouhaveparentswhodon'treallyliketotryanythingnew,youwillalsobeexposedtofewernewfoods,”Pelcha

tsays.Theoppositeisalsotrue:Thosewhotrynewfoodsandhavepositiveexperiencesarethenmorelikelytotryunfamiliarfoodsinthefuture.Peoplewhoarelessadvent

urousmaybemorehesitanttotrynewfoods.Tryinganythingnew,foodincluded,requiresyoutostepoutsideofyourcomfortz

one.Ifyou'renotveryadventurous,youmayhaveatoughtimewiththis.Peoplewhoseeknewadventuresorthrillsmightbemorelik

elytoexperimentwithfood.“Thereisathrill-seekingpersonalitytrait,”Pelchatsays.“It'sbeenshown,especiallywith

spicyfood,thatthereissomeconnectionbetweentryingnewfoodsandthrillseeking,”sheexplains.Mostadultpickyeatersstartaschildp

ickyeaters.“It'snormalforchildrentogothroughapickystagewhenthey'retoddlers,maybetwoorthreeyearsold,andthatmakessenseevo

lutionarily,”Pelchatsays.Butaswegetolder,ifwecontinuetoavoidnewfoods,pickinesscanpersist.35．Whichofthefollow

ingshowsthebeststructureofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A．B．C．D．【答案】35．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对为什么有些人挑食，而有些人却愿意尝试几乎所有能吃的东西这个问题进行了解释和说明。35．推理判断题。根据第一段

最后一句“Butwhyisitthatsomepeoplearepickyeaterswhileothersarewillingtotryprettymuchanythingthatcanbeeaten?(但为什么有些人挑食

，而有些人却愿意尝试几乎所有能吃的东西呢？)”可知，第一段提出问题，根据第二段第一句“There'snosingleexplanationforthepickyeatinghabit.(对于挑食的习惯没有单一的解释)”可知，第二段解释为什么会有人挑食，根据第三段第一句“

Also,ifyouhaveparentswhodon'treallyliketotryanythingnew,youwillalsobeexposedtofewernewfoods(此外，如果你的父母不喜欢尝试新事物，你接

触到的新食物也会更少)”可知，第三段也在解释为什么会有人挑食。所以第二段和第三段是同样的作用。根据第四段第四句“Peoplewhoseeknewadventuresorthrillsmightbemorelikelytoexperimentwithfood.(寻求新冒险或刺激的人可能更愿意尝试

食物)”可知，第四段解释了为什么会有人乐于尝试各种食物，根据第五段第一句“Mostadultpickyeatersstartaschildpickyeaters.(大多数成年挑食者从儿童开始就挑食)”可知，第五段介绍了挑食习惯形成的阶段。故选B。【试题精练】【

河南省南阳市六校2021-2022学年第一次联合测试】Thegrocerystoremightnotbeyourfavoriteplacetovisitwhenyou'reathome,butisiteverfunw

henyou'reinanothercountry?Honestlyspeaking,they'reoneofthosestrangelittledestinationsthatIliketosniffouteverywhereI

go,muchasothertravelersheadtowardclothingstores,libraries,coffeeshopsorgalleries.Thegreatestbeautyofthegrocerystore––wheth

erit'sasupermarketoratinyshop––isthatitgivesyouaglimpseintowhatlocalpeoplebuytocooktheirownmeals.Thisofferscluesintotheirl

ifestylesandpreferences,andintotheagriculturalandcookingpracticesofthecountry.Istareatthestrangefruitsandveget

ables,theseafood,thecheese,thespices,thebread,andoh,thechocolate...alwaysthechocolate!Beingtheenvironmentalnerd（呆子）Ia

m,Ilikepayingattentiontopackaging,whichcanreflectpeople'sattitudestowardsenvironmentalprotection.Italy,forexample,hasahabitofrequi

ringcustomerstobagtheirfruitsandvegetablesinplasticforweighing,whileSriLankaleaveseverythinglooseinbins.I

nBrazil,everythingisprepackagedinalayerofplastic.Peopleingrocerystorestendtobefriendlier.Theysmile,sayhello,andsometimesas

kquestions,whichcanleadtogreatconversations.IhadafurtherdiscussionwithateenagedcashierinSriLanka,overwhichbagofcrunchy（松脆的）mixtobuy.Hei

nsistedthattheonelabeled“spicy”wouldbetoohotforme,butItoldhimIwaswillingtoriskit.Helaughedandweendedupt

alkingaboutmyfavoriteSriLankanfoodsfortenminutes.It'sinterestingthentocomehomeandlookatone'sownlocalgrocerystorethroug

hneweyes.Whatwouldavisitorthink?Whatstandsout,andwhatdothefooddisplayssayaboutusasaculture?Youmightbesurprisedbywhatyourealize.11．Whichofthefollowin

gshowsthestructureoftext?(P:paragraph)A．B．C．D．【答案】11．C【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过介绍自己旅行时喜欢去食品杂货店的经历来建议人们在旅游时去当地的食品杂货店看看。11．推理判断题。根据第一段

第二句“Honestlyspeaking,they'reoneofthosestrangelittledestinationsthatIliketosniffout(寻找)everywhereIgo,muchasothertr

avelersheadtowardclothingstores,libraries,cafesorgalleries.(说实话，它们是那些我所到之处都喜欢去的奇怪的小目的地之一，就像其他游客去服装店、图书馆、咖啡

馆或画廊一样)”可知，作者去国外时最喜欢逛当地的杂货店，第二段到第四段都在讲去杂货店的好处。最后一段的第一句“It'sinterestingthentocomehomeandlookatone'sownlocalgrocerystore

throughneweyes.(然后回到家用新的眼光看看自己的杂货店会是很有趣的)”以及下文的问题可知作者最后总结了旅行时逛杂货店的益处。故选C。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com