【文档说明】上海浦东新区高桥中学2021-2022学年高三下学期期中检测英语试卷 含解析.docx，共(24)页，47.269 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-7dae1d7df7f308b847268b3a16ec8449.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

高桥中学2021学年第二学期高三年级期中考试（考试时间120分钟满分140分）Ⅰ.ListeningComprehension（25’）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshort

conversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyo

nce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswer

tothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Journalist.B.Architect.C.Teacher.D.Accountant.2.A.15B.50C.90D.603.A.Inarestaurant.B.Inacoffeeshop.C.Ataconcert.D.I

nthestudio.4.A.Globalwarmingmakespeoplefeelhorrible.B.Shedoesn’twanttoseeafilmaboutglobalwarming.C.Sheisinhighspiritsbeforewatchingthefilm.D.T

hefilmaboutglobalwarmingisworthwatching.5.A.Starandassistant.B.Managerandstallholder.C.Directorandactress.D.Salesmanandcustomer.6.A.T

otheman’sschool.B.Tothemetrostation.C.Tothebusstation.D.Toherhome.7.A.Themanshouldhaveseenadoctor.B.Volleyballplayerso

fteninjuretheirhands.C.Themanneedstocheckhisschedule.D.Shehasn’theardabouttheman’sproblem.8.A.Themandoesn’tdoanyworkatweekends.B.Themanprobablywo

rksinafinancialcompany.C.Themanfullyrelaxeshimselfatweekends.D.It’squiteeasytogethismindoffworkatweek

ends.9.ATalentedB.Unreliable.C.EnthusiasticD.impractical.10A.Shewillcertainlyenjoyherselfduringthetrip.B.Shehasmadeaplanforthenexttrip

.C.Shewilltravelaloneduringthetrip.D.Shewilltravelwithothersduringthetrip.SectionB（共10题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）Directions:InSectionB,y

ouwillheartwoshortpassagesandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedsomequestionsonthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassa

gesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthef

ourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefo

llowingpassage.11.A.Endlessfightinginthisarea.B.Thedangerfromthedesert.C.Thelackoftracesaboutthespecies.D.Insufficientfundingforresearch.12.A.T

oobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B.TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.C.Tofindevidence

oftheexistenceofthe“missinglions”.D.Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.13.A.Trapssetbylocalhunters.B.Lionswalking.C.Somecampingfacilitie

s.D.Lions’traces.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.AllsectorsofindustrywillbereformedbyTechnology.B.Moreinforma

tionwillbeavailable.C.Allserviceswillbeindividualized.D.Alotofknowledge-intensivejobswillbereplaced.15.A.Inthepersonalcaresector.B.Intherobot

icsindustry.C.Intheinformationservice.D.Inhigh-endmanufacturing..16.A.Therisingdemandineducationandhealthcareinthenext

20years.B.Thedestructioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallywell-paidjobs.C.Thegreatchangesnewtechnologywillbringtopeople’slives.D.T

heamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldliketohave.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingpassage17.A.TV.B.couch.C.

chairs.D.kitchentable.18.A.Themanhasn’tboughtanynewshirtforover10years.B.Thewomangaveoldclothestootherstowear.C.Thewomandoesn’thaveenoughmoneytobuyse

cond-handfurniture.D.Thewomandoesn’tpreferplasticfurniture.19.A.Theydonateclothes.B.Theyneverbuynewfurniture.C.The

ybuysecond-handfurniture.D.Theyknowthatlightningcanbreakelectronicitems.20.A.Second-handitems.B.Throwingthingsout.C.Buyingnewfurnit

ure.D.Recyclingoldstuff.GrammarandVocabularySectionA（10’）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillinthe

blankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneprop

erword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.You’veprobablyseenathleteswhotaketheirownsuccessestooseriously.Th

eycelebrateagoalwithaverylongvictorydanceorcontinuallytalkbigabouttheirabilities.Thisistheexactoppositeof___1___sportsmanshipisallabout.Ever

yonefeelsgreatwhentheywin,butit___2___bejustashardtobeagoodsport(有体育精神的人)whenyouhavewonagame___3___whenyouhavelostone.Sportsmanshiptakes

courage—whenyouworkreallyhardatasport,it’snoteasy___4___(admit)youmadeabadplayorsomeonehasmoreskillsthanyou.In

competition—asinlife—youmaynotalwayswinbutyoucanlearnmuchfromlosing,too.It’sprettytoughtolose,soitisdefinitely___5___(annoy)ifsomeonecontinue

smakingfunofyouoryourteam___6___thecompetitionisover.Sometimesit’shardtoswallowyourprideandwalkon.Bu

tthere’salwaysthenextmatch.Whenyoudolose—anditwillhappen—losewithclass(风度).___7___(be)proudofhowyouperformed,oratleastrealiz

ingthingsyouneedtoimprovefornexttime,isthekey.Whenitcomestolosing,sportsmanshipmeanscongratulatingthewinnerswillingly.Also,itmeansaccep

tingthegameresultwithoutcomplaintandwithoutexcuses,___8___yousometimesmightdoubtthereferees(裁判员)madesomequestionablecalls.Whenyouwin,thegoodwayis

tobeapoliteandgenerouswinner.Sportsmanshipmeansadmittingvictories___9___puttingyouropponentstoshameandlettingvictoriesspeakforthemselves,thatis,being

quietlyproudofsuccess.Despitethefact____10____youhaveamassivewin,sportsmanshipmeansstillfindingwaystopraiseyouropponents.

【答案】1.what2.can3.as4toadmit5.annoying6.after7.Being8.eventhough9.without10.that【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了体育比赛中关于输赢的看法。【1题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这与体育精神完全相反。引导

宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，故用what引导。故填what。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：每个人赢了都会感觉很好，但当你赢了一场比赛和输了一场比赛时，要想成为一名优秀的运动员是一样困难的。后跟动词原形，可知应填情态动词can，表

示能力。故填can。【3题详解】考查固定句型。句意：每个人赢了都会感觉很好，但当你赢了一场比赛和输了一场比赛时，要想成为一名优秀的运动员是一样困难的。此处为as+形容词原级+as，表示“与……一样……”。故

填as。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：体育精神需要勇气——当你在一项运动中非常努力地工作时，很难承认自己打得不好，或者别人的技术比你强。此处为句型itbeadj.todosth.，不定式作真正主语。故填toadmit。【5题详解】考查形容词。句意：失败是很痛苦

的，所以如果有人在比赛结束后继续取笑你或你的团队，那肯定会很烦.人。作表语，表示“烦人”应用-ing结尾形容词annoying。故填annoying。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：失败是很痛苦的，所以如果有人在比赛结束后继续取笑你或你的团队，那肯定会很烦人。结合句意表示“在……之后”应用after。

故填after。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为自己的表现感到自豪，或者至少意识到下次需要改进的地方，这才是关键。作句子的主语，应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Being。【8题详解】考查状语从句。

句意：同样，这意味着接受比赛的结果，没有抱怨，没有借口，即使你有时可能会怀疑裁判做出了一些可疑的判罚。引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”应用eventhough。故填eventhough。【9题详解】考查介词。句意：体育精神意味着承认胜利而不让对手感到羞愧，让胜利自己说话，也就是说，默默为成

功而自豪。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。【10题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：尽管你取得了巨大的胜利，但体育精神仍然意味着要想办法赞美你的对手。此处为同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容，从

句不缺少内容，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。SectionB（10’）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanb

eusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.exportedB.creatingC.environmentalD.enjoyingE.implicationsF.respectivelyG.conse

rvationH.protectingI.recoveringJ.bordersK.eliminatedIsgrowthgoodforbiodiversity?Toanswerthequestion,itiscriticalto

definewhatwemeanbygrowth.Isgrowthgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),the“monetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodswit

hinacountry’s___11___”?Ordoesitmeanimprovingthehumanstandardofliving?Today,whenpeoplesaygrowth,theymeanGDP,ameasurethatisover70yearsold.Actually

GDPdemonstratesnegative___12___forbiodiversity,asthis“growth”measuresonlymoneyinflowswhilefarmoreimportantisthebalan

cesheet,whichshowspropertiesanddebts.Asbiodiversitydeliversnocash,ithasnoplaceinGDPsystem,butbiodiversityprovidestheassetsideof

thebalancesheet,suchasforests,rivers,wetlandsandanimals—thelistgoeson.Itisarguedthatgrowthisgoodforbi

odiversityinthelongrunasthereisanenvironmentalKuznetscurvewhere___13___conditionsgetworseintheearlystagesofmoderne

conomicgrowth,butimproveonceagrowthlevelhasbeenreached.Accordingtosomepeople,onceGDPhasbeenhigh,moreresou

rcesaretoinvestin___14___,andnewtechnologiesareusedtoprotectnature.Theysaidpeoplewouldhavemoreinterestinprotecti

ngtheenvironment,andsomeoftheforestsstartedtoreturnandmanypollutantswerealmost___15___.StandinginAmericatodayitmightappearthatthe

environmentalKuznetscurveworks.Atfirstsightthereappearstobealogic.TodaytheU.S.GDPisincreasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopulationsarealso___16__

_.Suchconditions,accordingtosomepeople,canbeexplainedbygreaterefficiencyincarsormoreefficientagriculturalpro

duction.Butinfact,themajorityofthenegativeimpactshavesimplybeen___17___.Thehigh-pollutingindustrieshavebeenoutsourcedt

odevelopingnations.ThereforethebitterestpunishmentsarelargelyfeltbeyondtheborderswhileweAmericansare___18___high

GDPandselfishbiodiversityatthesametime.ThiscanbeseenintheWWFannualReport,wherespeciespopulationtrendsareincreasin

gby7%inhigh-incomecountriesanddeclininginmiddle-andlowincomecountriesby31%and60%___19___.Itisself-evidentthatg

rowth,ascurrentlydefined,hasamajornegativeimpactuponbiodiversity.WhatneedstochangeisthedefinitionofgrowthfromaG

DP-essentialconcepttoabalance-sheetapproach.Organizationsandworldcommunityshouldworkon___20___newvisionorreformthatwillhelpensu

rearealbalancebetweenanimprovingstandardofhumanlifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscape.【答案】11.J12.E13.C14.G15.K16.I17.A18.D19.F20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的

是GDP增长是否有利于生物多样性。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：国内生产总值增长是指“一国境内所有制成品的货币价值”吗？由“grossdomesticproduct”可知，句子表示“国内生产总值增长是指“一国境内所有制

成品的货币价值”吗”，空格处是“边境”，是borders，作宾语。故选J。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：实际上，GDP显示了对生物多样性的负面影响，因为这种“增长”只衡量资金流入，而更重要的是资产负债表，它显示了财产和债务

。由后文的“forbiodiversity,asthis“growth”measuresonlymoneyinflowswhilefarmoreimportantisthebalancesheet”可知，GDP显示了对生物多样性的负面影响，空格处是“影响”，是implication。故选E。【

13题详解】考查形容词。句意：从长期来看，经济增长对生物多样性是有利的，因为存在环境库兹涅茨曲线，即环境条件在现代经济增长的早期阶段恶化，达到一定的增长水平后改善。由“anenvironmentalKuznetscurve”可知，句子表示

“环境条件在现代经济增长的早期阶段恶化”，空格处意为“环境的”，是environmental，作定语。故选C。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：根据一些人的说法，一旦GDP很高，更多的资源将被用于保护，新技术被用于保护自然。由后文的“newtechnologiesareusedto

protectnature”可知，空格处句子的意思是“更多的资源将被用于保护”，空格处意为“保护”，用名词作宾语，是conservation。故选G。【15题详解】考查被动语态。句意：他们说，人们将更有兴趣保护环境，一些森林开始恢复，许多污染物几乎被消除。由上文的“peo

plewouldhavemoreinterestinprotectingtheenvironment”可知，人们更有兴趣保护环境，因此许多污染物几乎被消除，空格处是“消除”，空格处用过去分词eliminated构成被动语态，故选K。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：

今天，美国的GDP在增长，而许多珍贵物种的数量也在恢复。由上文的“TodaytheU.S.GDPisincreasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopulationsarealso”可知，空格处所在的句子表示“美国的G

DP在增长，而许多珍贵物种的数量也在恢复”，空格处是“恢复”，由are可知，句子时态是现在进行时，空格处是现在分词recovering，故选I。【17题详解】考查被动语态。句意：但事实上，大部分负面影响都是直接输出的。由后文的“Thehig

h-pollutingindustrieshavebeenoutsourcedtodevelopingnations”可知，空格处所在的句子表示“大部分负面影响都是直接输出的”，空格处意为“输出”，且是被输出，句子用被动语态，因此空格处用过去分词

exported，故选A。【18题详解】考查时态。句意：因此，当我们美国人享受着高GDP和自私的生物多样性的同时，最严厉的惩罚在很大程度上是在境外感受到的。由后文的“highGDP”可知，句子表示“美国人享受着高GDP”，空格处意为“享

受”，由are可知，句子时态是现在进行时，空格处用现在分词enjoying。故选D。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：世界自然基金会的年度报告显示，高收入国家的物种数量增长了7%，而中低收入国家的物种数量则分别下降了31%和60%。由上文的“inmiddle-andlow

incomecountriesby31%and60%”可知，中低收入国家的物种数量分别下降了31%和60%，空格处意为“分别地”，用副词修饰动词declining，是respectively。故选F。【20题

详解】考查动名词。句意：各组织和国际社会应致力于创造新愿景或改革，以帮助确保在改善人类生活标准和繁荣的生物多样性景观之间实现真正的平衡。由后文的“newvisionorreformthatwillhelpensurearealbalancebetweenanimprovingstanda

rdofhumanlifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscape”可知，句子表示“各组织和国际社会应致力于创造新的愿景或改革，以帮助确保在改善人类生活标准和繁荣的生物多样性景观之间实现真正

的平衡”，空格处意为“创造”，用动名词作宾语，是creating。故选B。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（30’）Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwords

orphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Personalityisoneofthemostinterestingwaysinwhichpeople

aredifferentfromoneanother.Butwheredoesourpersonalitycomefrom?Arewe____21____withitordoesitchangeasweget

older?Agreatdealofresearchintopersonalityindicatesthatpeople’spersonalitiesaremoreorless____22____beforetheyareborn.However,not

everyoneis____23____.PsychologistSanjaySrivastavaandateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,havejustcompletedalarge-scalestudyin

topersonality.Theresearchersevaluateddatafrom132,515adultsagedbetween21and60.Theteamfocusedonfivepersonalitytraits—whatscientistscall“TheBigFive”.T

heseare:1.Conscientiousness—howcareful,thoroughandself-disciplinedareyou?2.____24____—howconsiderateandhelp

fulareyou?3.Neuroticism—howself-consciousandtenseareyou?4.Openness—how____25____,imaginativeandopentonewexperiencesare

you?5.Extraversion—howsociableandenergeticareyou?Whattheyfoundcontradictedlong-heldassumptionsabout____26____personalitiesar

eset.Conscientiousness,atraitmarkedbyorganizationanddisciplineandlinkedtosuccessatworkandinrelationships,wasfoundtoincreasethro

ughtheagerangesstudied,withthemost____27____occurringinaperson’stwenties.Similarly,agreeableness,atraitassociatedwithbeingwarm,generousandhelpful,co

ntradictedthetheorythatpersonalitiesdon’tchangeaftertheageof30.____28____,peopleinthestudyshowedthemostchangeinagreeablenessduringth

eirthirtiesandcontinuedtoimprovethroughtheirsixties.Thechangesinthesetwotraitsrevealedinthestudyseemto____29____theexperiencesthatpeopl

etendtohaveatcertainstagesoftheirlives.Commonsensetellsusthatpeoplebecomemoreresponsibleandconscientiousasthey____30____andbecomebetteratmanaging

theirjobsandrelationships.Similarly,agreeablenesschangesmostinpeople’sthirtieswhenmanyofthemareraisingafamilya

ndtakeontheroleof____31____.Openness的showedsmall____32____inbothmenandwomenovertime,achangethatindic

ateslessinterestinformingnewrelationships,andreflectsthetendencywehaveaswegetoldertospendmoretimewithasmallgroupofwell-knownrelativesandfriends,andle

sstimegoingoutandmeeting____33____people.Thepersonalitytraitswere____34____consistentbetweenmenandwomen

,exceptforneuroticismandextraversion,withyoungwomenscoringhigherthanyoungmeninboth.However,thedifferenceinneuroticismis

onlyapparentinyouthandyoungadulthood,andthegapbetweenmenandwomeninbothneuroticismandextraversion____35____aspeopleage.21.A.bornB.satisfiedC.

angryD.careful22.A.dominantB.fixedC.isolatedD.dependable23.A.interestedB.interviewedC.relatedD.convinced24.A.ConsiderationB.Agreeab

lenessC.WillingnessD.Confidence25.A.ambitiousB.efficientC.curiousD.intelligent26.A.whenB.whyC.howD.what27.

A.relationshipB.successC.studyD.change28.A.TosomedegreeB.InthemeantimeC.OnthecontraryD.Withnoexception29.A.resultfromB.bringaboutC.correspondwithD.

consistof30.A.approachB.matureC.predictD.appear31.A.explorersB.leadersC.learnersD.carers32.A.benefitsB.tendenciesC.influencesD.d

eclines33.A.newB.youngC.oldD.lonely34.A.scarcelyB.generallyC.invariablyD.respectively35.A.existsB.widensC.narrowsD.appears【答案】21.A22.B23

.D24.B25.C26.A27.D28.C29.C30.B31.D32.D33.A34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。心理学家桑杰·斯里瓦斯塔瓦和加州大学伯克利分校的一组研究人员完成了一项针对人格的大规模研究。研究小组集中研究了发现随着年龄的增长，五种性格特征呈现出不同的

变化。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们的性格来自哪里？我们是与生俱来还是随着年龄的增长而改变？A.born出生的；B.satisfied满意的；C.angry生气的；D.careful仔细的。根据“or

doesitchangeaswegetolder?”可知此处是说性格是与生俱来的还是后天形成的，故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对人格的大量研究表明，人的性格在出生前或多或少是固定的。然而，并不是所有

人都相信。A.dominant占支配地位的；B.fixed固定的；C.isolated遥远的；D.dependable可靠的。根据“beforetheyareborn.”可知，大量的研究表明人的性格在出生前或多或少是固定的，故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.interes

ted感兴趣的；B.interviewed受访的；C.related相关的；D.convinced确信的。上一句说大量的研究表明人的性格在出生前或多或少是固定的，表示转折关系的However表明并不是所有人都相信这一点，故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：亲和性——你有多体贴和乐于助

人？A.Consideration考虑；B.Agreeableness一致、亲和性；C.Willingness意愿；D.Confidence自信。根据“—howconsiderateandhelpfulareyou?”可知此处指“亲和性”，故选B。【25题详解】考查形容

词词义辨析。句意：开放性——你的好奇心有多强、多么富有想象力、对新体验有多开放？A.ambitious有抱负的；B.efficient有效率的；C.curious好奇的；D.intelligent聪明的。根据“imaginativeando

pentonewexperiencesareyou?”可知此处是说你的好奇心有多强，故选C。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们发现与长期以来关于性格何时形成的假设相矛盾A.when何时；B.why

为何；C.how如何；D.what什么。根据“Arewe____withitordoesitchangeaswegetolder?”可知，文章主要分析的就是性格是何时形成的这一问题，故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：责任心是一种组织和纪律的特征，与工作和人际关系的成功有

关。研究发现，在研究的年龄范围内，责任心会增加，20多岁的人变化最大。与热情、慷慨、乐于助人相关的“亲和性”也与“30岁以后性格不会改变”的理论相矛盾。A.relationship关系；B.success成功；C.study研究；D.change变化。根据“don’tchangeafterthe

ageof30.”可知此处指“变化、改变”，故选D。【28题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：相反，参与研究的人在30多岁时表现出最大的亲和力变化，并在60多岁时继续改善。A.Tosomedegree在某种

程度上；B.Inthemeantime同时；C.Onthecontrary相反；D.Withnoexception毫无例外。“peopleinthestudyshowedthemostchangeinagreea

blenessduringtheirthirtiesandcontinuedtoimprovethroughtheirsixties.”与上文“Similarly,agreeableness,atraitasso

ciatedwithbeingwarm,generousandhelpful,contradictedthetheorythatpersonalitiesdon’tchangeaftertheageof30.”是相

反的两种情的况，故选C。【29题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：研究中揭示的这两个特征的变化似乎与人们在人生的某些阶段倾向于拥有的经历相一致。A.resultfrom起因于；B.bringabout引起；C.correspondwith符合、一致；D.consist

of由……组成。根据“theexperiencesthatpeopletendtohaveatcertainstagesoftheirlives.”可知，这两个特征的变化似乎与人们在人生的某些阶段倾向于拥有的经历相一致，故选C。【30题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：常识告诉我们，随着人们变得成熟，在管理工作和人际关系方面变得更好，他们会变得更有责任感和责任心。A.approach靠近；B.mature成熟；C.predict预测；D.appear出现。根据“andbecomebetteratmanagingtheir

jobsandrelationships”可知，随着人们变得成熟，在管理工作和人际关系方面变得更好，他们会变得更有责任感和责任心，故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此类似，30多岁的人在养育家庭、照顾孩子的过程中，亲和性变化最大。A.explorers探索者；B.leade

rs领导者；C.learners学习者；D.carers看护人、照顾者。根据“whenmanyofthemareraisingafamilyandtakeontheroleof”可知此处指“照顾者”，故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，男性和女性的开放度都出

现了小幅下降，这一变化表明人们对建立新关系的兴趣降低，反映了随着年龄的增长，我们倾向于花更多的时间与一小群经常来往的亲戚和朋友在一起，花更少的时间外出和结识新朋友。A.benefits益处；B.tendencies趋势；C.influences影响；D.declines

下降、衰退。根据“achangethatindicateslessinterestinformingnewrelationships”可知，随着时间的推移，男性和女性的开放度都出现了小幅下降，故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意

同上。A.new新的；B.young年轻的；C.old老的；D.lonely孤独的。根据“thetendencywehaveaswegetoldertospendmoretimewithasmallgroupofwell-knownrelatives

andfriends”可知，随着年龄的增长，人们倾向于在一个小的人际关系网活动，不太愿结识新朋友，故选A。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：除了神经质和外向外，男性和女性的性格特征基本一致，年轻女性在这两方面的

得分都高于年轻男性。A.scarcely勉强、几乎不；B.generally一般地、基本上；C.invariably一贯地；D.respectively分别地、依次地。根据“exceptforneuroticismandextrav

ersion”可知，除了神经质和外向外，男性和女性的性格特征基本一致，故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，神经质的差异只在青年和年轻成年人中明显，随着年龄的增长，男女在神经质和外向性方面的差距越来越小。A.exists存在；B.widens拓宽；C.narrows变窄

、差距变小；D.appears出现。根据“However,thedifferenceinneuroticismisonlyapparentinyouthandyoungadulthood,”可知，神经质的差异只在青年和年轻成年人中明显，随着年龄的增

长，男女在神经质和外向性方面的差距越来越小，故选C。SectionB（30’）Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbys

everalquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinfo

rmationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）AwoodenshipreachestheshoreaftercrossingtheAtlanticOceantothisremotespot.Theexplorersaboardhopetoes

tablishasettlementhere,inwhatisnowNewfoundland,anislandineasternCanada.They’llbuildhomesandrepairships-perhapspreparingformorevoyagesfartherintothi

sunknownland.Sowhoarethesemysterioustravelers?TheyareVikings.Theword“Viking”means“pirate”(海盗)intheirOldNor

selanguage,andtheyliveduptothename.TheywerefierceinvaderswholivedbetweenA.D.750andA.D.1050,attackinglandsoutsidetheirnat

iveScandinavia(modern-dayDenmark,Sweden,andNorway).TheirvoyageswererecordedinstoriescalledtheNorsesagas(挪威传说).ThesagastellofVikingssai

lingwest,likelytowardNewfoundland.“NewfoundlandhasalwaysbeenafocusinthesearchforNorsesettlements,”VikingexpertNeil

Pricesays.“It’soneoftheclosestpointstoGreenland,whereVikingswereknowntotrade.”In1960archaeologistsfolloweddescriptionsinth

esagastoNewfoundland’sL’AnseauxMeadows.Theretheyunearthedseveralartifacts,includingfoundationsoflong

houses,atypeofbuildingfoundinEuropeanVikingsettlements.ThismadeL’AnseauxMeadowsthefirstconfirmedVikingsiteinNorthAmerica.ArchaeologistSarahP

arcakbecameinterestedinthesearchforNorthAmericaVikingsitesafterthe1960discovery.“Ifthesagasaretrue,thentheremustbeo

thersites,”Parcaksays.“Butwherearethey?”AfterstudyingtheCanadiancoastline,ParcakzeroedinonPointRosee,some400mi

lessouthofL’AnseauxMeadows.Parcak’steamconductedamagneticscan,oranX-rayoftheground.Itshowedhighironlevels.TurnsoutthatVikingsusedirontomak

etheirtools.Parcak’steamhasdonesomedigging,butthey’restillwaitingontestresultstoconfirmwhatthey’veuncovered.Onethingthey

haven’tfoundisanyflint(打火石)orpottery,whichtheVikingsdidnotuse.Thoseitemswould’veinsteadconnectedthesitetoNativeAmericantribesorotherEuropeansettlers

.IfParcak’sworkconfirmsthatPointRoseewasaVikingsettlement,ithelpsfillinthemapofwheretheseexplorersst

akedtheirclaims.“AsettlementtherewouldsuggesttheVikingsexploredmoreofNorthAmerica,”Pricesays.“Itmighthaveservedasareststopfortripsfarthersouthandw

est.”36.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageabouttheNorseSagas?A.TheywerethefirsttorefertotheVikingsas“pirates”.B.Theyga

vearchaeologistscluesaboutwheretheVikingswent.C.TheycriticizedtheVikingsfortheirinvasionintoothercountries.D.TheyrecordedtheV

ikings’mostvoyagesexceptthosetoAmerica.37.WhatmadeParcak’steamfocusonPointRosee?A.Itsbeingmentionedinthesagas.B

.Itsunusualground.C.Itsbeingclosetothesea.D.Itshighironlevels.38.AccordingtotheParcak,whyisitimportantthattheyhave

n’tfoundflintorpottery?A.ItisevidencethatVikingsmayhavelivedthere.B.NorthAmericawerenothometosuchadvancedtools.C.Flintorpo

tteryturnedouttobewhattheVikingslookedfor.D.TheVikingsarrivedlongbeforeflintorpotterycametobeused.39.Whatisthepassagemainly

about?A.Vikingsturnouttobebetterexplorersthanweusedtothink.B.NewdiscoveriesconcerningVikingsthrowlightontheirorigin.C.Archaeologistsfindapos

siblelostsettlementofVikingsinCanada.D.StoriesaboutVikingshavebeenunearthedsomewhereinNorthAmerica.【答案】36.B37.D38.A39

.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了考古学家莎拉·帕卡克及其团队在1960年发现北美维京人遗址后，根据一些传说故事对维京人的发源地产生了兴趣并进行了寻找。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“In1960archaeologistsfolloweddescriptionsinthesag

astoNewfoundland’sL’AnseauxMeadows.Theretheyunearthedseveralartifacts,includingfoundationsoflonghouses,atypeofbuildingfoundinEuropeanViki

ngsettlements.(1960年，考古学家们按照传说中的描述，来到了纽芬兰的昂斯auxMeadows。他们在那里出土了几件文物，包括长屋的地基，长屋是欧洲维京人定居点的一种建筑)”可知，考古学家们是按照挪威传说中描述来到纽芬兰的昂斯auxMeadows，也就是说挪威传说故事为考古学家

寻找维京人的踪迹提供了线索。故选B项【37题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Parcak’steamconductedamagneticscan,oranX-rayoftheground.Itshowedhighironlevels.TurnsoutthatV

ikingsusedirontomaketheirtools.(帕卡克的团队对地面进行了磁扫描，即x射线扫描。结果显示铁含量很高。事实上维京人是用铁来制造工具)”可知，经过考古学家进行扫描后，发现PointRosee这

个地方铁含量很高，而维京人使用的工具就是铁制的，这使得考古团队把关注焦点放在此地。故选D项【38题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Onethingtheyhaven’tfoundisanyflint（打火石）orpotter

y,whichtheVikingsdidnotuse.(有一样东西他们没有发现，那就是燧石或陶器，并且维京人没有用过的这些东西)”可知，此地没有发现打火石或陶器，而维京人也没有使用过这些东西，那么更进一步证明这有可能是维京人生活过的地方，为考古学家有提供了一个证据，所以说这一发现对考古团队很重要。

故选A项【39题详解】主旨大意题。文章开头提出维京人即传说中的海盗的活动，还提到了1960年，考古学家们按照传说中的描述，来到了纽芬兰的昂斯auxMeadows。他们在那里出土了几件文物，包括长屋的地基，长屋是欧洲维京人定居点的一种建筑。这使得朗斯auxM

eadows成为北美第一个被证实的维京人遗址。第五自然段“ArchaeologistSarahParcakbecameinterestedinthesearchforNorthAmericaVikingsitesafterthe1960di

scovery.“Ifthesagasaretrue,thentheremustbeothersites,”Parcaksays.“Butwherearethey?”(考古学家莎拉·帕卡克在1960年发现北美维京人遗址后，对寻找这些遗址产生了兴

趣。“如果传说是真的，那么肯定还有其他地方，”帕卡克说。“可是他们在哪儿呢?”)及第六段“AfterstudyingtheCanadiancoastline,ParcakzeroedinonPointRosee,some400milessouthofL’AnseauxMeadows.(在研究

完加拿大的海岸线后，帕卡克将目标锁定在洛塞角，距离安斯auxMeadows以南约400英里)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍考古学家莎拉·帕卡克在寻找和维京人有关的其他地方，并且还有一些新发现（铁含量高并且没有打火石和陶器），也证明了Poi

ntRosee有可能也是维京人的居住地。所以B项：一些关于维京人的新发现对于维京人的起源提供了一些线索，与全文主旨一致。故选B项。（B）HereisyourbestchancetotravelaroundtheUKin2018:Morethan200B&Bs(bed&breakfast)ac

rossEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandareselectedtoofferyouamazingservicesforyourstayattheirlowestprices!Don’tmis

sit.JustcollectthevouchersinourB&BDailyprintedfrom01/04/2018to07/04/2018andbookthestaysforyourtravelfollowingthetermsandconditionsbelow

:•Theofferincludesaroomforthenightandabreakfastthenextmorning.•Theofferisoftwokinds:£20perroom,validduringstayperiodof02/04/2018-31/05/2018andthena

gain01/09/2018-31/10/2018;£35perroom,pernight,validduringstayperiodof01/06/2018-31/08/2018.•Theofferisvalidforabasictwinordoubleroomon

ly.•ThestaymustbebookeddirectlywiththechosenB&Bsbefore28/04/2018.•Eachvouchercanonlybeusedbytheholdertobookoneroomforonenight.•Ifvoucherholdersb

ookeitherthe£20or£35perroompernight,anyadditionalservicessuchaslunch,eveningmealoractivitiesmayrequireanextracharge.Buttheseareno

trequiredinordertotakeuptheoffer.PleasecheckdirectlywithyourchosenB&Bstoseewhatextraservicesareavailable.•Vouchersmustbepresented

onarrival.Ifnovouchersarepresented,theB&Bsmayreservetherighttochargeatfullpriceforeverynightofstay.•Vouchersmaynotbeu

sedtogetherwithanyotheroffer.•ThevoucherholdersmustpayforthestayinfullatthetimeofbookingAdditional£10ma

ybepaidtoconfirmthebookingandwillbereturnedonarrival.•TheB&Bsreservetherighttorefusevoucherholders’bookingforpeopleund

ertheageof18.40.Howmuchshouldbepaidforatwo-nightstayinOctober2018atachosenB&B?A.£70.B.£40.C.£35.D.£30.41.Whatright

dotheB&Bsreserve?A.Tochargeextra£10forbookingswithnovouchers.B.Torefusebookingsforguestundertheageof18.C.Tochargeatfullpriceforstaysnotconfirmed.D

.Torequestextrachargesastips.42.Bytakinguptheoffer,thevoucherholderscanchooseto______.A.payforthestayonarr

ivalB.bookthestaysthroughB&BDailyC.usetheB&BoffertogetherwithotheroffersD.bookeitherabasictwinordoubleroomatthech

osenB&Bs【答案】40.B41.B42.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。这篇短文是宣传人们2018年去英国旅游，在活动期间人们持有代金券就可以享受优惠活动，文中同时给出了具体的优惠内容和优惠条件。【40题详解】细节理解题。由第二个

小黑点中的“£20perroom,validduringstayperiodof02/04/2018-31/05/2018andthenagain01/09/2018-31/10/2018(每间房20英镑，有效期为2018年

4月2日至2018年5月31日，和2018年9月1日至2018年10月31日)”可知，2018年10月在选定的B&B酒店住两晚，需要支付20*2=40英镑的费用。故选B项。【41题详解】细节理解题。由最后一个小黑点“•TheB&Bsreservetherighttorefusevoucherh

olders’bookingforpeopleundertheageof18.(B&B保留拒绝18岁以下代金券持有人士预订的权利)”可知，B&B保留这样的权利：拒绝18岁以下的代金券持有人预订业务。故选B

项。【42题详解】细节理解题。由第三个小黑点“•Theofferisvalidforabasictwinordoubleroomonly.(此优惠仅适用于基本双人房)”可知，通过接受优惠，代金券持有人可以在选择的B&B酒店预订一间

基本twinroom或doubleroom。故选D项。（C）Googlemustbethemostambitiouscompanyintheworld.Itsstatedgoal,"toorganizetheworld'sinformationandmakeituniversallyac

cessibleanduseful,"deliberatelyomitstheword"web"toindicatethatthecompanyisreachingforabsolutelyallinformationever

ywhereandineveryform.Frombookstohealthrecordsandvideos,fromyourfriendshipstoyourclickpatternsandphysicallocation,Googlewantstoknow.

Tosomepeoplethissoundsuplifting,withpromisesoffreeaccesstoknowledgeandhelpinmanagingourdailylives.Toothers,

itissomewhatlikeanotherBigBrother,nolessfrighteningthanitstotalitarian（极权主义的）ancestorsforbeingintheprivateinformatio

n.RandallStross,ajournalistattheNewYorkTimes,doesagoodjobofanalyzingthisunboundedambitioninhisbook"PlanetGoogle".Onechapterisaboutthehugedatacent

ersthatGoogleisbuildingwithaviewtostoringallthatinformation,anotheraboutthesetsofrulesattheheartofitswebsearchandadvertisin

gtechnology,anotheraboutitsapproachtoinformationboundinbooks,itsvisionforgeographicalinformationandsoforth.

HeisathisbestwhenexplaininghowGoogle'smissioncasuallybutfatallysmashesintolong-existinginstitutionssu

chas,say,copyrightlaworprivacynorms.Andyet,it'spuzzlingthathemostlyomitsthemostfascinatingcomponentofGoogle,itspeople.Googleiswhatitisbecause

ofitstwofounders,SergeyBrinandLarryPage,whoseethemselvesaskindlyelitesandembodythelimitlessoptimismaboutscie

nce,technologyandhumannaturethatisnativetoSiliconValley.Theworldisperfectible,andtheyaretheoneswhowilldomuchoftheperfecting,providedyoul

etthem.BrinandPagesetouttocreateacompanyandanentirecultureintheirimage.Fromthestart,theyprofessedthattheywouldi

nnovateasmuchinmanaging-rewarding,feeding,motivating,entertainingandeventransporting（viaWi-Fi-enabledfreeshuttlebuses）theiremployees—astheydoinIntern

ettechnology.Inreality,Google'saspronetopowerstruggleandofficepoliticsasanyoneelse.NoneofthatmakesitintoMr.Stross'account,whichattimes

readslikeadiligentsummaryofnewsarticles.Atthosemoments,"PlanetGoogle"takesarisksimilartotryingtoboardaspeedingtrain:theGooglestorychangessofa

stthatnobookcanstayuptodateforlong.Evenso,asoberdescriptionofthismomentinGoogle'squestiswelcome.EspeciallysinceG

ooglefullyexpects,asitschiefexecutive,EricSchmidt,saysattheendofthebook,totake300yearscompletingit.43.BydescribingGoogleasa"BigBrother",peopl

ethinkthatGoogle.A.isapioneerinITindustryB.isaninvaderofprivacyC.breaksitspromiseoffreeaccessD.overesti

matesitsowninfluence44.WhatdoweknowabouttheGoogleemployeesinessence?A.Theycompeteagainsteachotherintheoffi

ce.B.Theyarehard-workingandtalented.C.Theyappreciatethemanagingtechniques.D.Theyfeelencouragedbythecompany'sbenefits.45.Whatdoestheau

thorimplybysaying"PlanetGoogletakesarisksimilartotryingtoboardaspeedingtrain"?A.PlanetGooglewillbeindangerifitstaysuptodateforlong.B.

PlanetGooglehastotake300yearstocatchthespeedingtrain.C.Awrittenbookcanonlycoveralittlepartoftheon-goingtechnology.D.TheboardofGooglewelc

omesRandallStrosstocoverGooglestory.46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PlanetGoogle,adetaileddescriptiono

fGoogle'sambitionB.Google,acompanywithpromisesoffreeaccesstoknowledgeC.Google,anotherbigbrotherplayingapoliticalga

meD.PlanetGoogle,ahalfstoryoftherealGoogle【答案】43.B44.A45.C46.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要围绕谷歌公司是又一个崇尚极权、野心勃勃的老大哥展开论述，详细说明了作者有此观点的原因。

【43题详解】推理判断题。定位到第一段“Toothers,itissomewhatlikeanotherBigBrother,nolessfrighteningthanitstotalitarian（极权主义的）ancestorsfor

beingintheprivateinformation.”(对其他人来说，谷歌有点像另一个老大哥，不亚于它掌握着私人信息的极权祖先。)可知谷歌也掌握着私人信息，即侵犯了人们的隐私。也可根据“thecompanyisreachingforabsolutely

allinformation…Googlewantstoknow.”可知谷歌正在以各种形式获取任何地方的所有信息。从书籍到健康记录和视频，从你的友谊到你的点击模式和位置，谷歌都想知道。所以文章提到谷歌时，将其称为“BigBrother”，是因为人们认为谷歌侵犯了人们的隐私，故选B项。【44题详解

】细节理解题。题干问的是谷歌的员工实质上是怎样的。根据第四段“Inreality,Google'saspronetopowerstruggleandofficepoliticsasanyoneelse.”可知事实上，谷歌和其他公司一样容易陷入权力斗争和办公室政治，即谷歌的员工在办公室里相互竞

争，故选A项。【45题详解】词句猜测题。定位到最后一段“‘PlanetGoogle’takesarisksimilartotryingtoboardaspeedingtrain”(《谷歌星球》冒着类似于试图登上一列飞驰火车的风险)，后面用冒号引出对这句话的解释“theGoogle

storychangessofastthatnobookcanstayuptodateforlong.”(谷歌的故事变化如此之快，以至于没有哪本书能长时间保持最新。)，也就是说书无法跟上快速发展的科技的步伐，即一本书面

的书只能涵盖正在进行的技术的一小部分，故选C项。【46题详解】主旨大意题。文章开头“Googlemustbethemostambitiouscompanyintheworld.”就提出观点：谷歌是世界上最有野心的公司。然后解释了原因：谷歌想要掌握世

界各地的信息。第二段“RandallStross,ajournalistattheNewYorkTimes,doesagoodjobofanalyzingthisunboundedambitioninhisbo

ok‘PlanetGoogle’.”《纽约时报》记者在他的书《谷歌星球》中很好地分析了这种无限的野心，然后下文具体介绍了他在书中对谷歌公司野心的分析，可知本文主要是围绕《谷歌星球》真本书来展开的。故选A。SectionCDirections:Readthefoll

owingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Pain

reallycanbeallinyourmindYou’renotimaginingthepain.Butyourbrainmightbebehindit,nonetheless.Forthefirsttime,itispossibletodisti

nguishbetweenbrainactivityassociatedwithpainfromaphysicalcause,suchasaninjury,andthat的associatedwithpainlinkedtoyou

rstateofmind.____47____Ifthepainhasnoclearcause,peoplecanfindthemselvesfacingdoctorswhotheyfeeldon’tbelievethem,orgiveineffectiveor

addictivepainkillers.ButastudyledbyTorWagerattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,nowrevealsthattherearetwopatternsofbrainactivityrelatedtop

ain.Oneday,brainscanscouldbeusedtoworkoutyourrelativepartsofeach,helpingtoguidetreatment.“Painhasalways

beenabitofapuzzle,”saysBenSeymourattheUniversityofCambridge.____48____Forexample,studieshavelinkeddepressionandanxiet

ytothedevelopmentofpainconditions,andvolunteersputinbadmoodshavealowertoleranceforpain.____49____Tofindout,WagerandhiscolleaguesusedfMRItolooka

tthebrainactivityof33healthyadultswhiletheywerefeelingpain.First,theteamwatchedthechangingactivityastheyappliedincreasingheattothevol

unteers’arms.Astheheatbecamepainful,arangeofbrainstructureslitup.Thepatternwascommontoallthevolunteers,soWager’steamcalledi

ttheneurologicpainsignature.Thegroupthenexaminedwhetherthevolunteerscouldcontrolthepainbythoughtalone.“Weaskedthemtorethinktheirpain,eithe

rasanextremeheat,orasawarmblanketonacoolday,”Wagersays.____50____Astheydidthis,adistinctsetofbrainstructuresbecameactive.“It’samajo

rfinding,”saysVaniaApkarianatNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.“Forthefirsttime,we’veestablishedthepossibilityofmodu

latingpainthroughtwodifferentpathways.”A.Althoughthevolunteerscouldn’tchangethelevelofactivityintheneurologicpainsignatu

retheycouldaltertheamountofpaintheyfelt.B.Hearingorvision,forexample,canbetracedfromsensoryorganstodistinctbrain

regions,butpainismorecomplex,andinvolvesthoughtsandemotions.C.Thissuggeststhatinchronicpainconditions,psychologicalpainmayov

ertakephysicalpain.D.Afifthoftheworld’spopulationisthoughttoexperiencesomekindofchronicpain—thatwhichhaslastedlongerthanthreemonths.E.H

owmuchofsomeone’spainhasaphysicalcause?F.Sodoesthismeanwecanthinkourwayintooroutofpain?【答案】47.D48.B49.C50.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要从身体及心理两方面研究

大脑的活动与疼痛的关系，并通过实验进行验证。【47题详解】根据下文“Ifthepainhasnoclearcause,peoplecanfindthemselvesfacingdoctorswhotheyfeeldon’tbelievethem,orgiveineffectiveorad

dictivepainkillers.(如果疼痛没有明确的原因，人们可能会发现自己面对的医生不相信他们，或者给予无效或上瘾的止痛药。)”可知，许多人找不到疼痛的原因。D项“Afifthoftheworld’spopulationisthoughttoexperience

somekindofchronicpain—thatwhichhaslastedlongerthanthreemonths.(世界上五分之一的人被认为经历过某种慢性疼痛——这种疼痛持续了三个月以上。)”许多人经历过疼痛，但是没有找到疼痛的原因，与下文

一致，并引出下文，故选D项。【48题详解】上文““Painhasalwaysbeenabitofapuzzle,”saysBenSeymourattheUniversityofCambridge.(剑桥大学的BenSeymour说：“疼痛一直是一个难题”。)”说明疼痛是一个难题。B项“Hear

ingorvision,forexample,canbetracedfromsensoryorganstodistinctbrainregions,butpainismorecomplex,andinvolvesthoughtsandemotions.(例

如，听觉或视觉可以从感觉器官追溯到不同的大脑区域。但疼痛更复杂，涉及思想和情绪。)”说明疼痛很复杂，与上文内容一致，故选B项。【49题详解】上文“Forexample,studieshavelinkeddepre

ssionandanxietytothedevelopmentofpainconditions,andvolunteersputinbadmoodshavealowertoleranceforpain.(例如，研究将抑郁和焦虑与疼痛状况的发展联系起来，而心情不好的志愿

者对疼痛的耐受性更低。)”说明人们对心理因素导致的疼痛的耐受性更低。C项“Thissuggeststhatinchronicpainconditions,psychologicalpainmayovertakephysi

calpain.(这表明，在慢性疼痛条件下，心理疼痛可能超过身体疼痛。)”总结上文，说明心理疼痛可能超过身体疼痛，故选C项。【50题详解】上文““Weaskedthemtorethinktheirpain,eithe

rasanextremeheat,orasawarmblanketonacoolday,”Wagersays.(Wager说：“我们要求他们重新考虑他们的痛苦，要么是极端高温，要么是在凉爽的日子里温暖的毯子”。)”指出实验要求志愿者改变感觉到的痛苦程度。A项“Al

thoughthevolunteerscouldn’tchangethelevelofactivityintheneurologicpainsignaturetheycouldaltertheamount

ofpaintheyfelt.(虽然志愿者无法改变神经系统疼痛特征的活动水平，但他们可以改变他们感受到的疼痛程度。)”与上文内容一致，并总结上文，故选A项。Ⅳ.Summary（10’）51.Directions:Readingthefollowingpa

ssage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassagewithnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BuildingaGreenerFutureW

hichismoreimportantwhendesigningabuilding:beautyorfunction?Atthestartofthetwentiethcentury,LouisSullivan,oneofthec

reatorsofmodernarchitecture,saidthat‘formfollowsfunction’.However,manypeopledisagreewiththisandfeelthatbeautyisamoreimportan

tfactorinarchitecturaldesign.Inthemodernworld,itseemsthatmostarchitectscombinebothideas:aimingtocreatebuildingswhicharebothfunctionalandbea

utiful.Thereasonforcreatingabuildinginthefirstplaceisclearlyveryimportant.Forexample,whenbuildinganairportterminal,yo

uneedtothinkoftheneedsofpassengersaswellasplanes.Passengerswanttogettotheirplaneasquicklyastheycan,andplanesneedtobeparkedinthemostef

ficientwaypossible.Beauty,however,isalsoclearlyimportantwhenconstructingabuilding.Livingorworkinginanuglyplacecreatesadepressinganduninspiringe

nvironment.Incontrast,anattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelhappierandincreasetheirmotivationtowork.Thereisalsoawiderresponsibilitytosocietywh

icharchitectshavetoconsider.Beautiful,well-constructedbuildingsareasymbolofacivilizedsociety.Intheory,thereseemstobenoreasonwhyarchitecturecannotbebo

thfunctionalandbeautiful.Yetinpractice,thiscancauseproblems.TheModernInternationalstyleofthe1920sand1930s,anexampleofwh

ichistheGuggenheimMuseuminNewYork,wassupposedtocombinebeautywithfunction.Manyconsiderthemuseum’swhitespiralrampbeau

tiful,buttherehavebeencomplaintsthatitisimpractical,asitisdifficulttostandbacktoviewtheart.Also,therampissonarro

wthatitcanbecomeovercrowded.Itseemsthateventhiscelebrateddesignhasproblemswithfunctionality.Ifarchitectsfocusonlyonfunction,buildingsmaybecold

,uglyanduninteresting.Ontheotherhand,iftheyfocusonlyonmakingitlookbeautiful,thebuildingmaybecompletelyimpractical.Therefore,combiningthesetwoid

easisnecessarytocreatetheperfectpieceofarchitecture._______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thereisaquestionthat

whichismoreimportantwhenanarchitectdesignsabuilding:beautyorfunction.(要点一)Functionisimportantbecauseitmakesthebuildingsmorepractical.(要点二)Howe

ver,beautyisalsoimportantbecauseanattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelbetter.(要点三)Itseemsthatbuildingsca

nbefunctionalandbeautifulintheorybutnotinpractice.(要点四)Therefore,theperfectbuildingshouldcombinebeautyandfunction.(要点五)【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了建筑上人们关

注的两个问题：功能性和美观性。其实，功能性和美观性同样重要，但很多时候，两者不能兼顾。因此最好的建筑是将功能性和美观性结合在一起。【详解】1.要点摘录①Whichismoreimportantwhendes

igningabuilding:beautyorfunction?②Thereasonforcreatingabuildinginthefirstplaceisclearlyveryimportant.③Beauty,

however,isalsoclearlyimportantwhenconstructingabuilding.④Incontrast,anattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelhappierandincreasethe

irmotivationtowork.⑤Intheory,thereseemstobenoreasonwhyarchitecturecannotbebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Yetinpractice,thiscancauseproblems.⑥

Therefore,combiningthesetwoideasisnecessarytocreatetheperfectpieceofarchitecture.2.缜密构思将第①要点进行重组，将第②要点进行同义句改写，将第③④要点进行整合重组，将第⑤要点改写重

组，将第⑥要点重组。3.遣词造句①Thereisaquestionthatwhichismoreimportantwhenanarchitectdesignsabuilding:beautyorfunction.②Functionisimportantbecauseitmakesth

ebuildingsmorepractical.③However,beautyisalsoimportantbecauseanattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelbetter.④Itseems

thatbuildingscanbefunctionalandbeautifulintheorybutnotinpractice.⑤Therefore,theperfectbuildingshouldcombinebeautyandfunction.【点睛】[高分句型1]Th

ereisaquestionthatwhichismoreimportantwhenanarchitectdesignsabuilding:beautyorfunction.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句提

出文章的论点，对第一段和第二段进行了高度概括，“that”引导的同位语从句讲述了论点，“when”引导的时间状语从句概括了第二段内容。）[高分句型2]：However,beautyisalsoimportantbecausean

attractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelbetter.（主从复合句概括了第四段内容，其中“however”的使用与前一论点构成转折关系，“because”引导原因状语从句，表达非常

高级。）[高分句型3]：Itseemsthatbuildingscanbefunctionalandbeautifulintheorybutnotinpractice.（用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第五段内容。

其中“that”引导表语从句的用法比较高级。）Ⅴ.GuidedWriting（25’）52.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructions.奥密克戎（Omicron）肆

虐申城，再一次打乱了人们正常的生活节奏。不知不觉中我们已经网课一个月了，请结合你身边的实例谈一谈：1.市民（你、你的家人、邻里、亲朋好友）是如何“宅家”抗疫的；2.相比两年前的疫情期间（epidemic）线上学习，作为高三的你，是如何在积极性、主动性

方面进行自我管理的。【答案】OmicronhasravagedShenchenganddisruptedpeople’snormalpaceoflifeagain.Unconsciously,Ihavebeentakingonlineclassesforamonth.Allmyparentsa

ndIcandoistostayathomeasmuchaspossibletoavoidthesourceofdisease,keephealthyandnottaketrouble.Duringthisperiod,wewashhandsfrequently,wearmasksreason

ably,payattentiontopersonalhygiene,bealerttoabnormalsymptoms,andseekmedicaladviceintime.Toachievegoodresultsinonlinelear

ning,inadditiontothesupervisionofteachersandparents,themostimportantthingisouractiveattitude.SoIpreparewellbe

foreclass,adjustthelearningstateandkeepagoodattitude.Duringtheonlineclass,Ilistencarefully,payhighattentionandconcentration,fin

ishthehomeworkconsciouslyoffline,consolidateknowledgeandgivefullplaytoself-controlability.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达

属于应用文。要求考生就“奥密克戎（Omicron）肆虐申城，打乱人们生活节奏，学生在家上网课一月”一事，谈谈你和身边人如何宅家抗议及自己对线上学习如何进行积极主动地管理。【详解】1.词汇积累扰乱：disrupt→disturb保持健康：keephealthy

→keepfit建议：advice→suggestion完成：finish→complete2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Inordertoachievegoodresultsinonlinelearning,inadditiontot

hesupervisionofteachersandparents,themostimportantthingisouractiveattitude.拓展句：Inadditiontothesupervisionofteachersandparents,ifwewanttoachievegoodre

sultsinonlinelearning,themostimportantthingisouractiveattitude.【点睛】【高分句型1】AllmyparentsandIcandoistostayathomeasmuchaspossibletoa

voidthesourceofdisease,keephealthyandnottaketrouble.(运用了省略that引导的限制性定语从句和不定式作表语和目的状语)【高分句型2】Inordert

oachievegoodresultsinonlinelearning,inadditiontothesupervisionofteachersandparents,themostimportantth

ingisouractiveattitude.(运用了动词不定式做目的状语)