【文档说明】上海浦东新区高桥中学2021-2022学年高三下学期期中检测英语试卷（原卷版）.docx，共(14)页，31.136 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-6730d345b57450d73c62ee73cad1654b.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

高桥中学2021学年第二学期高三年级期中考试（考试时间120分钟满分140分）Ⅰ.ListeningComprehension（25’）SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillhe

artenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.

Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossiblean

swersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Journalist.B.Architect.C.Teac

her.D.Accountant.2.A.15B.50C.90D.603.A.Inarestaurant.B.Inacoffeeshop.C.Ataconcert.D.Inthestudio.4.A.Gl

obalwarmingmakespeoplefeelhorrible.B.Shedoesn’twanttoseeafilmaboutglobalwarming.C.Sheisinhighspiritsbeforewatchingthefilm

.D.Thefilmaboutglobalwarmingisworthwatching.5.A.Starandassistant.B.Managerandstallholder.C.Directorandactress.D.Salesmanandcustomer.6.A.Totheman’ss

chool.B.Tothemetrostation.C.Tothebusstation.D.Toherhome.7.A.Themanshouldhaveseenadoctor.B.Volleyballplayersofteninjuretheirhand

s.C.Themanneedstocheckhisschedule.D.Shehasn’theardabouttheman’sproblem.8.A.Themandoesn’tdoanyworkatweekends.B.Th

emanprobablyworksinafinancialcompany.C.Themanfullyrelaxeshimselfatweekends.D.It’squiteeasytogethismindoffworkatweekends.9.ATalentedB

.Unreliable.C.EnthusiasticD.impractical.10.A.Shewillcertainlyenjoyherselfduringthetrip.B.Shehasmadeap

lanforthenexttrip.C.Shewilltravelaloneduringthetrip.D.Shewilltravelwithothersduringthetrip.SectionB（共10题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）Directions

:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandalongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedsomequestionsonthepassage

sandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,rea

dthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.

Endlessfightinginthisarea.B.Thedangerfromthedesert.C.Thelackoftracesaboutthespecies.D.Insufficientfundingforresearch.12.A.Toobservethewildlifeint

hetwonationalparks.B.TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.C.Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“missinglions”.D.Toidentifythereasonsforthelio

ns’disappearance.13.A.Trapssetbylocalhunters.B.Lionswalking.C.Somecampingfacilities.D.Lions’traces.Questions14throu

gh16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.AllsectorsofindustrywillbereformedbyTechnology.B.Moreinformationwillbea

vailable.C.Allserviceswillbeindividualized.D.Alotofknowledge-intensivejobswillbereplaced.15.A.Intheperson

alcaresector.B.Intheroboticsindustry.CIntheinformationservice.D.Inhigh-endmanufacturing..16.A.Theris

ingdemandineducationandhealthcareinthenext20years.B.Thedestructioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallywell-paidjobs.C.Thegreatchangesne

wtechnologywillbringtopeople’slives.D.Theamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldliketohave.Question

s17through20arebasedonthefollowingpassage17.A.TV.B.couch.C.chairs.D.kitchentable.18.A.Themanhasn’tboughtany

newshirtforover10years.B.Thewomangaveoldclothestootherstowear.C.Thewomandoesn’thaveenoughmoneytobuysecond-hand

furniture.D.Thewomandoesn’tpreferplasticfurniture.19.A.Theydonateclothes.B.Theyneverbuynewfurniture.C.Theybuysecond-handfurniture.D.Theyknowthatligh

tningcanbreakelectronicitems.20.A.Second-handitems.B.Throwingthingsout.C.Buyingnewfurniture.D.Recyclingoldstuff.Grammaran

dVocabularySectionA（10’）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththep

roperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.You’veprobab

lyseenathleteswhotaketheirownsuccessestooseriously.Theycelebrateagoalwithaverylongvictorydanceorcontinuallytalkbigabouttheirabilities.Thisis

theexactoppositeof___1___sportsmanshipisallabout.Everyonefeelsgreatwhentheywin,butit___2___bejustashardtobeagoodsport(有体育精神的人)whenyouhavewon

agame___3___whenyouhavelostone.Sportsmanshiptakescourage—whenyouworkreallyhardatasport,it’snoteasy___4___(admit)youmadeabadplayorsomeon

ehasmoreskillsthanyou.Incompetition—asinlife—youmaynotalwayswinbutyoucanlearnmuchfromlosing,too.It’sprettytou

ghtolose,soitisdefinitely___5___(annoy)ifsomeonecontinuesmakingfunofyouoryourteam___6___thecompetitionisover.Sometimesit’shardtoswallow

yourprideandwalkon.Butthere’salwaysthenextmatch.Whenyoudolose—anditwillhappen—losewithclass(风度).___7___(be)p

roudofhowyouperformed,oratleastrealizingthingsyouneedtoimprovefornexttime,isthekey.Whenitcomestolosing,sportsmanshipmean

scongratulatingthewinnerswillingly.Also,itmeansacceptingthegameresultwithoutcomplaintandwithoutexcuses,___8___you

sometimesmightdoubtthereferees(裁判员)madesomequestionablecalls.Whenyouwin,thegoodwayistobeapoliteandgenerouswinner

.Sportsmanshipmeansadmittingvictories___9___puttingyouropponentstoshameandlettingvictoriesspeakforthemselves,thatis,beingquietl

yproudofsuccess.Despitethefact____10____youhaveamassivewin,sportsmanshipmeansstillfindingwaystopraiseyouroppone

nts.SectionB（10’）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonew

ordmorethanyouneed.A.exportedB.creatingC.environmentalD.enjoyingE.implicationsF.respectivelyG.conservati

onH.protectingI.recoveringJ.bordersK.eliminatedIsgrowthgoodforbiodiversity?Toanswerthequestion,itiscriticaltodefinewhatwemeanbygrowth.Isgrowthg

rossdomesticproduct(GDP),the“monetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodswithinacountry’s___11___”?Ordoesitmeanimprovingthehumanstanda

rdofliving?Today,whenpeoplesaygrowth,theymeanGDP,ameasurethatisover70yearsold.ActuallyGDPdemonstratesnegative___12___forbi

odiversity,asthis“growth”measuresonlymoneyinflowswhilefarmoreimportantisthebalancesheet,whichshowspropertiesanddebts.Asbiodiversit

ydeliversnocash,ithasnoplaceinGDPsystem,butbiodiversityprovidestheassetsideofthebalancesheet,suchasforests,rivers,wetlandsandani

mals—thelistgoeson.ItisarguedthatgrowthisgoodforbiodiversityinthelongrunasthereisanenvironmentalKuznetscurvewhere___13___conditionsgetworseinth

eearlystagesofmoderneconomicgrowth,butimproveonceagrowthlevelhasbeenreached.Accordingtosomepeople,onceGDPhasbeenhigh,m

oreresourcesaretoinvestin___14___,andnewtechnologiesareusedtoprotectnature.Theysaidpeoplewouldhavemoreinterestinprotectingtheenvironment,andsomeoft

heforestsstartedtoreturnandmanypollutantswerealmost___15___.StandinginAmericatodayitmightappearthattheenvironm

entalKuznetscurveworks.Atfirstsightthereappearstobealogic.TodaytheU.S.GDPisincreasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopu

lationsarealso___16___.Suchconditions,accordingtosomepeople,canbeexplainedbygreaterefficiencyincarsormoreefficientagriculturalproduction.

Butinfact,themajorityofthenegativeimpactshavesimplybeen___17___.Thehigh-pollutingindustrieshavebeenoutso

urcedtodevelopingnations.ThereforethebitterestpunishmentsarelargelyfeltbeyondtheborderswhileweAmericansare___18___hi

ghGDPandselfishbiodiversityatthesametime.ThiscanbeseenintheWWFannualReport,wherespeciespopulationtrendsareincreasingby7%inhigh-incom

ecountriesanddeclininginmiddle-andlowincomecountriesby31%and60%___19___.Itisself-evidentthatgrowth,ascurrentlyd

efined,hasamajornegativeimpactuponbiodiversity.WhatneedstochangeisthedefinitionofgrowthfromaGDP-essentialconcepttoabalance-s

heetapproach.Organizationsandworldcommunityshouldworkon___20___newvisionorreformthatwillhelpensurearealbalanc

ebetweenanimprovingstandardofhumanlifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscape.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（30’）Directio

ns:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Personal

ityisoneofthemostinterestingwaysinwhichpeoplearedifferentfromoneanother.Butwheredoesourpersonalitycomefrom?Arewe__

__21____withitordoesitchangeaswegetolder?Agreatdealofresearchintopersonalityindicatesthatpeople’spersonalitiesaremoreorless____22____befo

retheyareborn.However,noteveryoneis____23____.PsychologistSanjaySrivastavaandateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,havejustc

ompletedalarge-scalestudyintopersonality.Theresearchersevaluateddatafrom132,515adultsagedbetween21and60.Theteamfocusedonfive

personalitytraits—whatscientistscall“TheBigFive”.Theseare:1.Conscientiousness—howcareful,thoroughandsel

f-disciplinedareyou?2.____24____—howconsiderateandhelpfulareyou?3.Neuroticism—howself-consciousandtens

eareyou?4.Openness—how____25____,imaginativeandopentonewexperiencesareyou?5.Extraversion—howsociableandenergeticare

you?Whattheyfoundcontradictedlong-heldassumptionsabout____26____personalitiesareset.Conscientiousness,atrai

tmarkedbyorganizationanddisciplineandlinkedtosuccessatworkandinrelationships,wasfoundtoincreasethroughtheagerangesstudied,wi

ththemost____27____occurringinaperson’stwenties.Similarly,agreeableness,atraitassociatedwithbeingwarm,generousandhelpful,contradictedthetheory

thatpersonalitiesdon’tchangeaftertheageof30.____28____,peopleinthestudyshowedthemostchangeinagreeablenessduringtheirthirties

andcontinuedtoimprovethroughtheirsixties.Thechangesinthesetwotraitsrevealedinthestudyseemto____29____theexperience

sthatpeopletendtohaveatcertainstagesoftheirlives.Commonsensetellsusthatpeoplebecomemoreresponsibleandconscientiou

sasthey____30____andbecomebetteratmanagingtheirjobsandrelationships.Similarly,agreeablenesschangesmostinpeople’sthirtieswhenma

nyofthemareraisingafamilyandtakeontheroleof____31____.Opennessshowedsmall____32____inbothmenandwomenovertime,a

changethatindicateslessinterestinformingnewrelationships,andreflectsthetendencywehaveaswegetoldertospendm

oretimewithasmallgroupofwell-knownrelativesandfriends,andlesstimegoingoutandmeeting____33____people.Thepersona

litytraitswere____34____consistentbetweenmenandwomen,exceptforneuroticismandextraversion,withyoungwomenscoringhigherth

anyoungmeninboth.However,thedifferenceinneuroticismisonlyapparentinyouthandyoungadulthood,andthegapbetweenmenandwomeninbothneuroticismandextraversion

____35____aspeopleage.21.A.bornB.satisfiedC.angryD.careful22.A.dominantB.fixedC.isolatedD.dependable23.A.interestedB.interviewedC.related

D.convinced24.A.ConsiderationB.AgreeablenessC.WillingnessD.Confidence25.A.ambitiousB.efficientC.curiousD.intelligent26.A

.whenB.whyC.howD.what27.A.relationshipB.successC.studyD.change28.A.TosomedegreeB.InthemeantimeC.OnthecontraryD.Withnoexcep

tion29.A.resultfromB.bringaboutC.correspondwithD.consistof30.A.approachB.matureC.predictD.appear31.A.explorersB.leadersC.learnersD.carers32.A.ben

efitsB.tendenciesC.influencesD.declines33.A.newB.youngC.oldD.lonely34.A.scarcelyB.generallyC.invariablyD.respectively35.A.exi

stsB.widensC.narrowsD.appearsSectionB（30’）Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstateme

nts.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassagey

ouhavejustread.（A）AwoodenshipreachestheshoreaftercrossingtheAtlanticOceantothisremotespot.Theexplorersaboardhopetoestablishasettlementhere,inwhat

isnowNewfoundland,anislandineasternCanada.They’llbuildhomesandrepairships-perhapspreparingformorevoyagesfartherintothis

unknownland.Sowhoarethesemysterioustravelers?TheyareVikings.Theword“Viking”means“pirate”(海盗)intheirOldNorselanguage,andtheyliv

eduptothename.TheywerefierceinvaderswholivedbetweenA.D.750andA.D.1050,attackinglandsoutsidetheirnativeScandinavia(m

odern-dayDenmark,Sweden,andNorway).TheirvoyageswererecordedinstoriescalledtheNorsesagas(挪威传说).ThesagastellofVikingssailingwest,likelytowardNe

wfoundland.“NewfoundlandhasalwaysbeenafocusinthesearchforNorsesettlements,”VikingexpertNeilPricesays.“It’soneoftheclosest

pointstoGreenland,whereVikingswereknowntotrade.”In1960archaeologistsfolloweddescriptionsinthesagastoNewfoundland’sL’AnseauxMeadows.Therethe

yunearthedseveralartifacts,includingfoundationsoflonghouses,atypeofbuildingfoundinEuropeanVikingsettlements.ThismadeL’Ansea

uxMeadowsthefirstconfirmedVikingsiteinNorthAmerica.ArchaeologistSarahParcakbecameinterestedinthesearchforNorthAmer

icaVikingsitesafterthe1960discovery.“Ifthesagasaretrue,thentheremustbeothersites,”Parcaksays.“Butwherearethey?”AfterstudyingtheCanadiancoastline,P

arcakzeroedinonPointRosee,some400milessouthofL’AnseauxMeadows.Parcak’steamconductedamagneticscan,oranX-rayofthe

ground.Itshowedhighironlevels.TurnsoutthatVikingsusedirontomaketheirtools.Parcak’steamhasdonesomedigging,butthey’restillwaitingontestresultst

oconfirmwhatthey’veuncovered.Onethingtheyhaven’tfoundisanyflint(打火石)orpottery,whichtheVikingsdidnotuse.Thoseitemswoul

d’veinsteadconnectedthesitetoNativeAmericantribesorotherEuropeansettlers.IfParcak’sworkconfirmsthatPointR

oseewasaVikingsettlement,ithelpsfillinthemapofwheretheseexplorersstakedtheirclaims.“AsettlementtherewouldsuggesttheVikingsexploredm

oreofNorthAmerica,”Pricesays.“Itmighthaveservedasareststopfortripsfarthersouthandwest.”36.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassageabou

ttheNorseSagas?A.TheywerethefirsttorefertotheVikingsas“pirates”.B.TheygavearchaeologistscluesaboutwheretheViking

swent.C.TheycriticizedtheVikingsfortheirinvasionintoothercountries.D.TheyrecordedtheVikings’mostvoyagesexceptthosetoAmerica.37.WhatmadeParcak’st

eamfocusonPointRosee?A.Itsbeingmentionedinthesagas.B.Itsunusualground.C.Itsbeingclosetothesea.D.Itshighironlevels.38.Accordingtot

heParcakwhyisitimportantthattheyhaven’tfoundflintorpottery?A.ItisevidencethatVikingsmayhavelivedthere.B.NorthAmericawerenothometos

uchadvancedtools.C.FlintorpotteryturnedouttobewhattheVikingslookedfor.D.TheVikingsarrivedlongbeforeflintorpotterycametobeus

ed.39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Vikingsturnouttobebetterexplorersthanweusedtothink.B.NewdiscoveriesconcerningVikingsthrowlightont

heirorigin.C.ArchaeologistsfindapossiblelostsettlementofVikingsinCanada.D.StoriesaboutVikingshavebeenunearthedsom

ewhereinNorthAmerica.（B）HereisyourbestchancetotravelaroundtheUKin2018:Morethan200B&Bs(bed&breakfast)acrossEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorth

ernIrelandareselectedtoofferyouamazingservicesforyourstayattheirlowestprices!Don’tmissit.Justcollectthevouchersin

ourB&BDailyprintedfrom01/04/2018to07/04/2018andbookthestaysforyourtravelfollowingthetermsandconditionsbelow:•Theofferincludesaroomforthenightan

dabreakfastthenextmorning.•Theofferisoftwokinds:£20perroom,validduringstayperiodof02/04/2018-31/05/2018andthenagain01/09/2018-31/10/2018;£35perroom,p

ernight,validduringstayperiodof01/06/2018-31/08/2018.•Theofferisvalidforabasictwinordoubleroomonly.•Thestaymustbebooke

ddirectlywiththechosenB&Bsbefore28/04/2018.•Eachvouchercanonlybeusedbytheholdertobookoneroomforonenight.•Ifvoucherholdersbook

eitherthe£20or£35perroompernight,anyadditionalservicessuchaslunch,eveningmealoractivitiesmayrequirean

extracharge.Butthesearenotrequiredinordertotakeuptheoffer.PleasecheckdirectlywithyourchosenB&Bstoseewhatextraservicesareavailable.•Vouchers

mustbepresentedonarrival.Ifnovouchersarepresented,theB&Bsmayreservetherighttochargeatfullpriceforeverynightofstay.•Vouchers

maynotbeusedtogetherwithanyotheroffer.•ThevoucherholdersmustpayforthestayinfullatthetimeofbookingAdditio

nal£10maybepaidtoconfirmthebookingandwillbereturnedonarrival.,•TheB&Bsreservetherighttorefusevoucherholders’bookingforpeopleundertheageof18.40Howmuc

hshouldbepaidforatwo-nightstayinOctober2018atachosenB&B?A.£70.B.£40.C.£35.D.£30.41.WhatrightdotheB&Bsreserve?A.Tocharge

extra£10forbookingswithnovouchers.B.Torefusebookingsforguestundertheageof18.C.Tochargeatfullpriceforstaysno

tconfirmed.D.Torequestextrachargesastips.42.Bytakinguptheoffer,thevoucherholderscanchooseto______.A.payforthestayonarrivalB.bookthestaysth

roughB&BDailyC.usetheB&BoffertogetherwithotheroffersD.bookeitherabasictwinordoubleroomatthechosenB&Bs（C）Googl

emustbethemostambitiouscompanyintheworld.Itsstatedgoal,"toorganizetheworld'sinformationandmakeituniversallyaccessibleanduseful,"delibera

telyomitstheword"web"toindicatethatthecompanyisreachingforabsolutelyallinformationeverywhereandineveryform.Frombookstohealthrecordsandvideos,fromyour

friendshipstoyourclickpatternsandphysicallocation,Googlewantstoknow.Tosomepeoplethissoundsuplifting,withpromisesoffreeaccesstoknowl

edgeandhelpinmanagingourdailylives.Toothers,itissomewhatlikeanotherBigBrother,nolessfrighteningthanitstotalitarian（极权主义的）ancest

orsforbeingintheprivateinformation.RandallStross,ajournalistattheNewYorkTimes,doesagoodjobofanalyzingthisunbounde

dambitioninhisbook"PlanetGoogle".OnechapterisaboutthehugedatacentersthatGoogleisbuildingwithaviewtostoringallthatinformation,anotheraboutthesetsof

rulesattheheartofitswebsearchandadvertisingtechnology,anotheraboutitsapproachtoinformationboundinbooks,itsvisionforgeographicalinformat

ionandsoforth.HeisathisbestwhenexplaininghowGoogle'smissioncasuallybutfatallysmashesintolong-existinginstitutionssu

chas,say,copyrightlaworprivacynorms.Andyetit'spuzzlingthathemostlyomitsthemostfascinatingcomponentofGoogle,itspeople.Googleiswhatitisbec

auseofitstwofounders,SergeyBrinandLarryPage,whoseethemselvesaskindlyelitesandembodythelimitlessoptimismaboutscience,technologyandhuman

naturethatisnativetoSiliconValley.Theworldis.,perfectible,andtheyaretheoneswhowilldomuchoftheperfecting,providedyouletthem.Brina

ndPagesetouttocreateacompanyandanentirecultureintheirimage.Fromthestart,theyprofessedthattheywouldinnovateasmuch

inmanaging-rewarding,feeding,motivating,entertainingandeventransporting（viaWi-Fi-enabledfreeshuttlebuses）the

iremployees—astheydoinInternettechnology.Inreality,Google'saspronetopowerstruggleandofficepoliticsasanyoneelse.Noneofthat

makesitintoMr.Stross'account,whichattimesreadslikeadiligentsummaryofnewsarticles.Atthosemoments,"PlanetGoogle"take

sarisksimilartotryingtoboardaspeedingtrain:theGooglestorychangessofastthatnobookcanstayuptodateforlong.Evenso,asoberdescriptionofthismom

entinGoogle'squestiswelcome.EspeciallysinceGooglefullyexpects,asitschiefexecutive,EricSchmidt,saysattheendofthebook,totake300yearscompl

etingit.43.BydescribingGoogleasa"BigBrother",peoplethinkthatGoogle.A.isapioneerinITindustryB.isaninvaderofprivacyC.breaksitspromiseoffreeacc

essD.overestimatesitsowninfluence44.WhatdoweknowabouttheGoogleemployeesinessence?A.Theycompeteagainsteachot

herintheoffice.B.Theyarehard-workingandtalented.C.Theyappreciatethemanagingtechniques.D.Theyfeelencouragedbythecompany'sbenefits.

45.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"PlanetGoogletakesarisksimilartotryingtoboardaspeedingtrain"?A.PlanetGooglewillbeindangerifit

staysuptodateforlong.B.PlanetGooglehastotake300yearstocatchthespeedingtrain.C.Awrittenbookcanonlycoveralittlepa

rtoftheon-goingtechnology.D.TheboardofGooglewelcomesRandallStrosstocoverGooglestory.46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttit

leofthepassage?A.PlanetGoogle,adetaileddescriptionofGoogle'sambitionB.Google,acompanywithpromisesoffreeaccesstoknowledgeC.Google,anotherbigb

rotherplayingapoliticalgameD.PlanetGoogle,ahalfstoryoftherealGoogleSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Filline

achblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentences

thanyouneed.PainreallycanbeallinyourmindYou’renotimaginingthepain.Butyourbrainmightbebehindit,nonetheless.Forthe

firsttime,itispossibletodistinguishbetweenbrainactivityassociatedwithpainfromaphysicalcause,suchasaninjury,andthatassociatedwith

painlinkedtoyourstateofmind.____47____Ifthepainhasnoclearcause,peoplecanfindthemselvesfacingdoctorswhotheyfeeldon’tbelievethem,o

rgiveineffectiveoraddictivepainkillers.ButastudyledbyTorWagerattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,nowrevealstha

ttherearetwopatternsofbrainactivityrelatedtopain.Oneday,brainscanscouldbeusedtoworkoutyourrelativepartsofeach,helpingtoguidetreatment.“Painh

asalwaysbeenabitofapuzzle,”saysBenSeymourattheUniversityofCambridge.____48____Forexample,studieshavelinkeddepressionandanx

ietytothedevelopmentofpainconditions,andvolunteersputinbadmoodshavealowertoleranceforpain.____49____Tofindout,W

agerandhiscolleaguesusedfMRItolookatthebrainactivityof33healthyadultswhiletheywerefeelingpain.First,theteamwatchedthecha

ngingactivityastheyappliedincreasingheattothevolunteers’arms.Astheheatbecamepainful,arangeofbrainstructuresl

itup.Thepatternwascommontoallthevolunteers,soWager’steamcalledittheneurologicpainsignature.Thegroupth

enexaminedwhetherthevolunteerscouldcontrolthepainbythoughtalone.“Weaskedthemtorethinktheirpain,either

asanextremeheat,orasawarmblanketonacoolday,”Wagersays.____50____Astheydidthis,adistinctsetofbrainstructuresbecameactive.“It’samaj

orfinding,”saysVaniaApkarianatNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.“Forthefirsttime,we’veestablishedthepossibilityofmodulatingpainthroughtwodifferentpa

thways.”A.Althoughthevolunteerscouldn’tchangethelevelofactivityintheneurologicpainsignaturetheycouldalter

theamountofpaintheyfelt.B.Hearingorvision,forexample,canbetracedfromsensoryorganstodistinctbrainregions,butpainismor

ecomplex,andinvolvesthoughtsandemotions.C.Thissuggeststhatinchronicpainconditions,psychologicalpainmayovertakephysicalpai

n.D.Afifthoftheworld’spopulationisthoughttoexperiencesomekindofchronicpain—thatwhichhaslastedlongerthanthreemonths.E.Howm

uchofsomeone’spainhasaphysicalcause?F.Sodoesthismeanwecanthinkourwayintooroutofpain?Ⅳ.Summary（10’）51.

Directions:Readingthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassagewithnomorethan60words.Use

yourownwordsasfaraspossible.BuildingaGreenerFutureWhichismoreimportantwhendesigningabuilding:beautyorfunction?Atthestartofthetwentiethcentury,LouisSu

llivan,oneofthecreatorsofmodernarchitecture,saidthat‘formfollowsfunction’.However,manypeopledisagreewiththisandfeelthatbeautyisamoreimporta

ntfactorinarchitecturaldesign.Inthemodernworld,itseemsthatmostarchitectscombinebothideas:aimingtocreatebuildingswhich

arebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Thereasonforcreatingabuildinginthefirstplaceisclearlyveryimportant.Forexamp

le,whenbuildinganairportterminal,youneedtothinkoftheneedsofpassengersaswellasplanes.Passengerswanttogettotheirplaneasquicklya

stheycan,andplanesneedtobeparkedinthemostefficientwaypossible.Beauty,however,isalsoclearlyimportantwhenconstructingabuilding.Liv

ingorworkinginanuglyplacecreatesadepressinganduninspiringenvironment.Incontrast,anattractivebuildingcanmakepeoplefeelhappi

erandincreasetheirmotivationtowork.Thereisalsoawiderresponsibilitytosocietywhicharchitectshavetoconsider.Beautiful,wel

l-constructedbuildingsareasymbolofacivilizedsociety.Intheorythereseemstobenoreasonwhyarchitecturecannotbebothfun

ctionalandbeautiful.Yetinpractice,thiscancauseproblems.TheModernInternationalstyleofthe1920sand1930s,anexampleofwhichistheGuggenheimMuseuminNewYork,

wassupposedtocombinebeautywithfunction.Manyconsiderthemuseum’swhitespiralrampbeautiful,buttherehavebeencomplaintsthatitisimpractical,asitisdiffi

culttostandbacktoviewtheart.Also,therampissonarrowthatitcanbecomeovercrowded.Itseemsthateventhiscelebrateddesignhasprobl

emswithfunctionality.Ifarchitectsfocusonlyonfunction,buildingsmaybecold,uglyanduninteresting.Ontheotherhand,ifthey

focusonlyonmakingitlookbeautiful,thebuildingmaybecompletelyimpractical.Therefore,combiningthesetwoideasisnecess

arytocreatetheperfectpieceofarchitecture._____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________,Ⅴ.GuidedWriting（25’）52.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-15

0wordsaccordingtotheinstructions.奥密克戎（Omicron）肆虐申城，再一次打乱了人们正常的生活节奏。不知不觉中我们已经网课一个月了，请结合你身边的实例谈一谈：1.市民（你、你的家

人、邻里、亲朋好友）是如何“宅家”抗疫的；2.相比两年前的疫情期间（epidemic）线上学习，作为高三的你，是如何在积极性、主动性方面进行自我管理的。