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2024年高考英语第一次模拟考试（全国乙卷）01英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目

的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共

5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whendoesthelecturefinish?A．Atabout

5p.m.B．Atabout4p.m.C．Atabout3p.m.2．Whatdoesthewomanasktheboytotake?A．Acoat.B．Boots.C．AT-shirt.3．WhathappenedtoLarrylastnight?A．Hecouldn’tfindhi

shotel.B．Hewascaughtintherain.C．Hefellintowater.4．Wherewillthewomangotomorrownight?A．Totheman’shouse.B．Toacinema.C．Toarestaurant.5．Whatarethespeakers

mainlytalkingabout?A．Ahouse.B．Anoffice.C．Ashoppingcenter.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A．T

ypeoutherreport.B．Repairherkeyboard.C．Lookforherkeys.7．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Havesomejuice.B．Pickupherfriend.C．Goshopping.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．W

herearethespeakers?A．Athome.B．Atabusstop.C．IntheBookBuilding.9．Whatdidthemandoyesterdayevening?A．HewatchedTV.B．H

ehadamatch.C．Heboughtaguide.10．Whichbuswillthespeakerstake?A．No．29.B．No．37.C．No．52.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatisthepurposeofthecall?A．

Toarrangeatour.B．Tobookaroom.C．Toconfirmareservation.12．Whatdoesthewomanrequest?A．Awake-upcall.B．Aspec

ialmenu.C．Aroomwithaview.13．Howcanguestsreceiveafreemeal?A．Byreservingaccommodationsonline.B．Bystayingaminimumofthreeni

ghts.C．Bymakingabookingduringtheoffseason.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whenwastheyouthclubformed?A．In2015.B．In2008.C．In2006.15．WhatisMatthew?A．Anengine

er.B．Ateacher.C．Astudent.16．ForwhatdidMatthew’sclubraisemoney?A．Aschool.B．Apark.C．Ahospital.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．WhereisKakad

uNationalPark?A．InAustralia.B．InAustria.C．InBelgium.18．HowdidthespeakerfeelaftertheYellowWaterCruise?A．Pleased.B．Disappointed.C．Wor

ried.19．WhydidthespeakerbuytheSunrise&Sunsetticketonline?A．Itwaseasy.B．Itwascheap.C．Itwaspopular.20．Wha

timpressedthespeakermostduringtheYellowWaterCruise?A．KakaduCultureCamp.B．Sunrise&Sunset.C．AzureKingfish

er.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOurhistoryisrichwithremarkablescientistswho

helpedadvancethedevelopmentofoursociety．Herearesomeofthem．IsaacNewton(1643-1727)IsaacNewtonisconsideredbymanytobethegreat

estscientistofalltime．Thereweren’tmanysubjectsthatNewtondidn’thaveasignificantimpacton—hewasoneoftheinventorsofcalculus(微积分),builtthefirstreflecting

telescope,andhelpedestablishthefieldofclassicalmechanics(力学)．Hewasthefirsttodividewhitelightintoitscomponentcolorsandhe

gaveusthethreelawsofmotion,nowknownasNewton’slaws．EmmyNoether(1882-1935)EmmyNoetherwasaGermanmathematicianparticularlyknownforNoet

her’stheorem,whichestablishesafundamentalconnectioninsymmetries(对称)inphysics．Itisconsideredamilestoneofmoderntheoreticalph

ysics．Hercontributionsarefoundationalinvariousbranchesofmathematicsaswell,suchasabstractalgebra,algebraicgeometryandtopology．CarlFriedrichGauss(

1777-1855)CarlFriedrichGausswasborninapoorfamilyinGermanyandquicklyshowedhimselftobeabrilliantmathematician．H

epublishedDisquisitionesArithmeticae,afoundationaltextbookthatlaidouttheprinciplesofnumbertheory．Manyoftheadvancementsthatwe’v

emadeinusingcomputerstosolveproblemsaresolvedusingnumbertheory．Gausswasproductive,andhisworkonnumbertheorywasjustasmallpartofhiscontribution

tomath．JohnvonNeumann(1903-1957)Before1940,JohnvonNeumannfocusedprimarilyonmathematics．Thenheturnedtoitspracticaluse

,designingthestructureofnearlyeverysinglecomputertoday．Rightnow,whateverdevicethatyouarereadingthison,whetheraphoneorcomputer,iscyclingthrou

ghaseriesofbasicstepsbillionsoftimesovereachsecond,stepsthatwerefirstthoughtupbyJohnvonNeumann．Remarkably,Heproposedatheoryofglobalwarming

causedbyhumanactivity.21．Whoputforwardatheoryaboutanenvironmentalissue?A．IsaacNewton.B．EmmyNoether.C．CarlFriedrichGauss.D．JohnvonNeum

ann.22．Whatdothefourscientistshaveincommon?A．Theyshowedagiftforphysicssinceyoung.B．Theycontributedalottothecomputerfield.C．Theywerehighlyestab

lishedinmathematics.D．Theywerefromasimilarfamilybackground.23．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythetextappear?A．Environment.B．Figure.C．Culture.D．News.BInv

itedbyanauthor-friend,IrecentlyattendedaprogramofreadingsbylocalAfrican-Americanwriters．Astheaudienceinthelibraryexpanded,Inot

icedthatIwasamongaminorityofwhiteandelderlysupporters．Afteryearsofuniversityteaching,volunteeringinmanyorganizations,andworkingasapsychologistin

inner-citysettings,IwascomfortableamidmanysortsandcuriousaboutwhatImightlearnfromtheseauthors.Isettledintomyseatasthechairmanintroducedahandso

meandpassionateman—KendallGlaspie．Hegreetedusandthenbegantoreadfromhisfive-chapterbookofpoems—Loved-Unloved:ABlackMan’sPuzzle．Isatmesmerized,asthes

oundsandmeaningsofhiswordswashedoverme．SuddenlyIreachedback60yearstoapartofme,acollegestudentofthesecondyear,whofirstdisco

veredLawrenceFerlinghettiandAConeyIslandoftheMind．LikeFerlinghetti,hisworkwasmeanttovoicesomething．Themome

ntfeltmagical.Aftertheprogram,Istoodinhisauthor-linetospeakwithhim,purchaseacopy,andaskifIcouldwriteaboutmyexperiencewhilelisteningtohim．He

generouslygranted(准予)permission．Backhome,Idevotedmyselftoreadingthepoems,givingthemtheattentiontheydeserved.Kenda

ll’sbookdidnotdisappoint．Heseesitas“acollectionofpoemsthatexplorecomplexdynamicsthatinfluencetheidentityandfe

elingsofordinarypeopleinNorthAmerica”．Itinvestigateswhattheconstructoflovemeanstousasindividualsandasacollective．Alt

houghIamnotthatremarkable—noramIevenofhisgeneration——Ihavespentmypersonalandprofessionallifestudying,discovering,andwitnessingthehealing

poweroflove．Iidentifiedstronglywithboththeuniversalandmuchinthepersonalthathedescribed．Thedepthofhisgraspofthejourney

towardwholenessembracingallpartsofourselvesbutallowingourchoicesofactiontobebasedonconsciousness,leftmeimpre

ssed.24．Whatdoweknowaboutthereadingprogram?A．Itwasoftenhostedininner-citysettings.B．Itwasanuneasyattendancefortheauthor.C．Itinvolvedafe

wwhiteandelderattendees.D．Itinviteduniversityteacherstogivelectures.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mesmerized”inparagraph2me

an?A．Fascinated.B．Shocked.C．Puzzled.D．Bored.26．WhichaspectdoesKendall’sbooktalkaboutinthetext?A．Choicesofaction.B．Theconstr

uctoflove.C．Theidentityoftheindividuals.D．Themeaningoflife.27．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Aguidetosolvingpuzzles.B．Anessay

onexplorationsoflove.C．Anintroductiontoaprogram.D．Ablogonreadingexperiences.CAteamofresearchersatETHZurichhas

theperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfogproblem．Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcoating(涂层)thatcanconvertsunlight

intoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles．Itselec

tivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线辐射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceof

anobject．Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging．Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.Previousl

y,productslikeanti-foggingsprays(喷雾)createaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog．Theproblemwithsu

chsurfacesispollution．Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledir

tonthesurfacemakesituseless．However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water．Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantl

ythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible．Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource．Goldmightbeexpensive,butt

heresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow．Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalab

lemethods,allcost-effectively．However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamo

untoflight．Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications．Intheprocess,theywillexamine

whetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold．Thereisnoneedtofear．However,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer．Theresearchershavealr

eadyfiledapatent．Hopefully,thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.28．Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog?A．B

yreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.B．Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.C．Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.D．Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoh

eatthecoating.29．Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts?A．Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.B．Tointroducetheinspirationbeh

indthenewcoating.C．Toprovethedifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.D．Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-fogging

coatingbeingpopular.30．Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating?A．Itisconsiderablyexpensive.B．Itdependsonsunlighttowor

k.C．Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.D．Itisdifficulttocleanandmaintain.31．Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext?A．Applyforapatentforthein

vention.B．Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.C．Exploretheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.D．Seekamoreenviron

mentallyfriendlymaterialtoreplacegold.DAtitsannualgeneralassemblyinViennalastmonth,theEuropeanGeosciencesUnion(EGU)didsomethingu

nusual．Thechairofitsawardscommittee,ThomasBlunier,presentedabreakdown,bygender,ofprizenominees(被提名者)andnominators(提名者)since201

4．Thedatawererevealing．Althoughwomenmakeup37%ofthesociety’smembers,theymadejust20%ofnominationssuggestingthatwomenarel

esslikelytonominatethanmen．Thedataalsoshowedthatpeopletendtofavourtheirowngenderwhenmakingnominations-with

menmostlikelytonominateothermen.Thisisclearlyaproblem,butawarenessofthesituationopensthedoortofixingit．Al

thoughwomenarestillunder-representedinEGUnominations,theirshareofawardsisnowapproachingtheirrepresentationamongEGUm

embers,thankstocorrectivemeasurestakenbytheorganization?sawardscommittee．TheEGUisdistinctfrommostotherscientificsocieti

esthatdonotmakenominationdatapublic,thoughitisnecessaryforthefairnessamongprizewinners.Someothereffortsareunderwa

ytomakeprizesfairer．Inmathematics,forexample,theInternationalMathematicalUnionhasintroducedguidelinestomakenominatorsandaward-committeemembersawar

eofunconsciousbias．Manyprizenominationformsnowincludestatementsencouragingnominatorstoconsiderdiversity．Thecommittees

thatawardNobelprizeshavetoldNaturethattheyareattemptingtoincreasediversityinnomineesandthattheproportionofwomennominatedisrising.

Prize-giversneedtowidentheirnominationpools．In2019,Naturesuggestedthatawardorganizersmightcasttheirnetswiderwhenseekingnominationsbyapproaching

networksthatincludeacademiesofscienceinlowandmiddle-incomecountries．Thisisstillnothappeningonthescalethatitneedsto

.Sadly,thesemeasureswillnotmakescienceprizesmatchglobaldiversity,atleastnotstraightaway．Manyprizesarebasedonworkcarriedoutdecadesago,whenthebarrie

rstoenteringsciencewereevenhigherthantheyaretodayforpeoplefromunder-representedgroupsandcountries．Attheveryleast,prof

essionalsocietiesmustensurethattheirnominationpoolsarerepresentativesoftheircommunities．Greatertransparencyandawider,morediversepoolofnomin

eesincreasethechanceofawardsrewardingexcellence,ratherthanenlargingexistingnetworksoffame.32．Whatisthepurposeofshowin

gthedatafromtheEGU?A．Toshowthegenderbalanceamongitsmembers.B．Toencouragefemalestonominateotherfemales.C．Toreflectthatwomenhavebeenignoredinawards.D．

Torevealthesignificantimpactfromgenderawareness.33．Whateffortshavebeenmadetopromotethefairnessamongtheprizewinner

s?A．Publicizingthenominationdata.B．Wideningtheapplicationpoolsbynominees.C．Introducingguidelinesonincreasingdiversity.D．Cas

tingthenetswiderwhenseekingnominations.34．Whatdoestheauthorholdinthelastparagraph?A．Existingnominationpool

sarenottransparent.B．Professionalsocietiesmustmakeadifference.C．Thebarrierstoenteringsciencewillnotbehigher.D．Sciencehaskeptupwiththeglobaltrendo

fdiversity.35．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?A．EuropeanGeosciencesUnion:AnNontraditionalModelB．Diver

sityinSciencePrizes:WhyisProgressSoSlow?C．ProgressinScience:NominationShowsJusticeforAllD．TheWaytoGenderDiversity:Difficult,Delicat

ebutDestined第二节(共5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Musicinfluencesyouremotions．Inturn,youremotionsinfluenceyourbehavior．O

neoftheseisyourfoodintake．36Whatdoessciencesayaboutthissubject?ResearchersattheUniversityofArkansasstudiedhowmu

sicinfluencespeoplewhentheyeatinarestaurant．Forthestudy,theyusedfourtypesofmusic:jazz,classical,rock,andhip-hop．Theirres

ultsshowedthatpeoplehadmoreappetitewhentheylistenedtojazzmusicwhiletheyate．37Thishasalottodowithemotions．Forinstance,whenyoulistentomusicwithharmonic

rhythmslikejazz,youfeelhappier．Thisincreasesyourappetite.However,anotherstudypublishedinPsychologicalReportssuggests

itisn’tonlyincreasedappetitethatcausespeopletoeatmore．38Amorestimuli-filledenvironmentmakesyoueatmore．Infact,theytendtourgeyo

uontoeatandeven“encourage”youtoeatfaster．Ontheotherhand,iftheatmosphereintherestaurantisrelaxed,you’relikelytofeelmore

relaxedandspendmoretimeenjoyingyourself．Forthisreason,you’lltendtoeatless.Besides,thestudyconductedbytheJour

naloftheAcademysuggeststhatthevolumeofmusiccanalsohaveaneffectonhowyoueat．Morespecifically,thestudystatesthat,withlow-

volumemusic,youeatbetterbecauseyoumakehealthierchoices．Ontheotherhand,thestudyclaimsthatmusicathighvolumeincreasesstimulationandstress．39Fort

hisreason,restaurantsshouldconsiderthefactwhenthinkingabouttheoptimizationoftheirproductsandservices．40

Theyequipthemselveswiththetechnologyneededtoprovidememorableexperiencesthroughmusic,greatlystrengtheningtheirrel

ationshipwiththecustomer.A．Doesmusicinfluencehowyoueat?B．Beinginarushtoeatalsoplaysapart.C．Doesyouremoti

onboostyourappetite?D．However,theyhadlessappetitewhenlisteningtohip-hop.E．Infact,manycateringestablishmentshavealreadytakenaction.F．Thiscould

provetobequiteaninterestingconceptforrestaurants.G．Thismeansyou’remorelikelytoordercomfortfoodorotherun

healthyoptions.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whichonesarequicklanguag

elearners,adultsoryoungchildren?Itisnothardtoanswer,becausethereisnewevidenceshowingkidsreallycanlearnthingsmuc

h41thanadults.AstudypublishedinCurrentBiology42thatchildrenandadultshavedifferentconcentrations(含量)o

fakeybrainmessengercalledGABA．This43makesnewly-learnedmaterialssteadier．Italsoproducesacalmingeffectandistho

ughttolargely44nervecellhyperactivityassociatedwith45,stress,andfear.Theteamusedneuro-imaging46toexaminevisua

lperceptivelearninginelementarypupilsandadults．47wereshownmultipledifferentimagesandwerelateraskedquestionsaboutthemfollowingthetest．Thevisual

learning48anincreaseofGABAinchildren’svisualcortex(大脑皮层),theareaofthebrainthat49visualinformation．GABAlevelsdidn’tchangeatallwhenadult

s50thesamevisualtests．ChildrenparticipantskeptGABA51forhoursaftertrainingended,whiletheconcentrationsofGABAremained52intheadultsstudied.“Incontinuo

usbehavioralexperiments,wefoundthatchildren53steadiednewlearningmuchmorerapidlythanadults,which54thecommonbeliefthatchildrenare55toadults

intheirlearningabilities,”studyco-authorSebastianM．Franksaid．“OurresultsprovesGABAasa56playerinmakinglearningefficientinchildren.”These

results,theauthorsargue,should57teachersandparentstokeepgivingchildrenopportunitiestolearnanythingfromridingabi

ketoplayinganinstrumentthroughouttheir58.Infuturestudies,theteamplansto59thedifferencesinmaturationratesbetwee

nbrainregionsandfunctionsandGABAresponsesinother60oflearning,suchasreadingandwriting.41．A．deeperB．slowerC．fasterD．longer42．A．infersB．fin

dsC．dedicatesD．responds43．A．messengerB．brainC．studyD．team44．A．strengthenB．guaranteeC．enrichD．control45．A．hap

pinessB．relaxationC．anxietyD．comfort46．A．armsB．abilitiesC．techniquesD．furniture47．A．AdultsB．SubjectsC．ResearchersD．Pupils48．A．setupB．setasideC．s

etdownD．setoff49．A．processesB．providesC．shrinksD．interrupts50．A．arrangedB．tookC．sufferedD．digested51．A．floatingB．

boomingC．collapsingD．sleeping52．A．consistentB．reliableC．ambiguousD．arbitrary53．A．partlyB．doubtfullyC．indeedD．vaguely54．A．provesB．predictsC．

opposesD．ignores55．A．similarB．equalC．familiarD．superior56．A．keyB．ridiculousC．poisonousD．random57．A．forceB．encour

ageC．reserveD．allow58．A．revolutionB．teensC．childhoodD．voyage59．A．inquireB．comprehendC．immerseD．explore60．A．characte

rsB．descriptionsC．certificatesD．types第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WeizhouIsl

andwatersahabitatforrarewhalesChenMospendsnearlyone-thirdofeachyearonChina's61(young)volcanicisland,Weizhou

Island,andhasaccumulatedover6terabytesofphotosandvideofootageoftherareBryde'swhalesthatswimoffitscoastl

ine.Chen,40,is62associateresearcherfromtheGuangxiAcademyofScienceswhohasbeenstudyingthespeciesinthewatersnearWeizhou632016．"Weidentifiedabo

ut10membersoftheherdfrom2016to2018．Therearenearly50Bryde'swhalesnow,andtheherdsizeisstillincreasing,"hesaid.Histeamhas

observedthematingbehaviorsofadultwhalesandmotherwhaleshuntingwiththeircalvesforyearsinthearea,makingthere

searchersbelievethattheislandandits64(surround)watersareoneofthemajorhuntingandbreedinggroundsforthespecies.WeizhouIslandsitsintheBeibuGulf

,hometoaspateof65(endanger)marinewildlifeinsouthernChina．Over1,000kilometersaway66(lie)theGulfofThailand,67boastsawell-

preservedmarineecosystemandrichfoodresourcesandisanotheressentialhabitatofthewhales.To68(joint)researchandprotectBryde'sw

hales,Chineseresearchinstitutes69(team)upwiththeDepartmentofMarineandCoastalResourcesofThailandinthepastfewyearstos

hareinformationandresources．ProtectingBryde'swhaleshasbecomeanimportantareaof70(cooperate)betweenfromChi

naandThailand.第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字

符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。ThemostimpressiveclassI’venev

erhadistheEnglishliteratureclassaboutCharlotte’sWebinlastsemester．Whatstrikesmemostwastheteacher’spassionforliterature．H

erplotexplaining,characteranalysisorthemeextraction(提炼)helpedmeseethenovelinanewlight．Apartfromherin-depthexplor

ation,shealsoinvolvedourselvesinadiscussion,encouragingusshareandcomment．IwasamazedathowengagedIwasandhowmuchIlearned．Ievenlefttheclassfeelingmotiva

tingtomajorinliteratureinfuture．Ilookforwardtomoreinspiringclasses,whichteacherscanbringthesubjecttolifeandmakelearnin

genjoyably.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假如你是学生会主席李华，最近青少年学生心理健康引起了公众关注，请围绕这一主题，写一份倡议书，内容包括：1．简述现状；2．表示理解；3．发出倡议。注意：注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearfellowstuden

ts,I’mLiHua,presidentoftheStudentUnion．____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________TheStudentUnion