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2024年高考英语第一次模拟考试（全国乙卷）01英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮

擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段

对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whendoesthelecturefinish?A．Atabout5p.m.B．Atabout4p.m.C．At

about3p.m.2．Whatdoesthewomanasktheboytotake?A．Acoat.B．Boots.C．AT-shirt.3．WhathappenedtoLarrylastnight?A．He

couldn’tfindhishotel.B．Hewascaughtintherain.C．Hefellintowater.4．Wherewillthewomangotomorrownight?A．Totheman’shouse.B．Toaci

nema.C．Toarestaurant.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Ahouse.B．Anoffice.C．Ashoppingcenter.第二节（共15小题；每

小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6

．Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A．Typeoutherreport.B．Repairherkeyboard.C．Lookforherkeys.7．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Havesomejuice.B

．Pickupherfriend.C．Goshopping.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Wherearethespeakers?A．Athome.B．Atabusstop.C．IntheBookBuilding.9．Whatdidthemandoyesterdayevening?A．

HewatchedTV.B．Hehadamatch.C．Heboughtaguide.10．Whichbuswillthespeakerstake?A．No．29.B．No．37.C．No．52.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatisthepurposeoftheca

ll?A．Toarrangeatour.B．Tobookaroom.C．Toconfirmareservation.12．Whatdoesthewomanrequest?A．Awake-upcall.B．Aspecialmenu.C．Ar

oomwithaview.13．Howcanguestsreceiveafreemeal?A．Byreservingaccommodationsonline.B．Bystayingaminimumofthreenig

hts.C．Bymakingabookingduringtheoffseason.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whenwastheyouthclubformed?A．In2015.B．In2008

.C．In2006.15．WhatisMatthew?A．Anengineer.B．Ateacher.C．Astudent.16．ForwhatdidMatthew’sclubraisemoney?A．Aschool.B．Apark.C．Ahospital.听

第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．WhereisKakaduNationalPark?A．InAustralia.B．InAustria.C．InBelgium.18．HowdidthespeakerfeelaftertheYellowWaterCruise?A．Pleas

ed.B．Disappointed.C．Worried.19．WhydidthespeakerbuytheSunrise&Sunsetticketonline?A．Itwaseasy.B．Itwascheap.C．Itwaspopular.20．Whatimpress

edthespeakermostduringtheYellowWaterCruise?A．KakaduCultureCamp.B．Sunrise&Sunset.C．AzureKingfisher.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小

题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOurhistoryisrichwithremarkablescientistswhohelpedadvancethedevelopmentofoursociety．H

erearesomeofthem．IsaacNewton(1643-1727)IsaacNewtonisconsideredbymanytobethegreatestscientistofalltime．Thereweren’tmanysubjectsthat

Newtondidn’thaveasignificantimpacton—hewasoneoftheinventorsofcalculus(微积分),builtthefirstreflectingtelescope,andhelpe

destablishthefieldofclassicalmechanics(力学)．Hewasthefirsttodividewhitelightintoitscomponentcolorsandhegaveusthethreelawsofmotion,nowknown

asNewton’slaws．EmmyNoether(1882-1935)EmmyNoetherwasaGermanmathematicianparticularlyknownforNoether’s

theorem,whichestablishesafundamentalconnectioninsymmetries(对称)inphysics．Itisconsideredamilestoneofmoderntheoreticalphysics．Hercontributionsarefoundat

ionalinvariousbranchesofmathematicsaswell,suchasabstractalgebra,algebraicgeometryandtopology．CarlFriedrichGauss(1777-1855)CarlFriedrichGausswasborni

napoorfamilyinGermanyandquicklyshowedhimselftobeabrilliantmathematician．HepublishedDisquisitionesArithmeticae,

afoundationaltextbookthatlaidouttheprinciplesofnumbertheory．Manyoftheadvancementsthatwe’vemadeinusingc

omputerstosolveproblemsaresolvedusingnumbertheory．Gausswasproductive,andhisworkonnumbertheorywasjustasmallpartofhiscontrib

utiontomath．JohnvonNeumann(1903-1957)Before1940,JohnvonNeumannfocusedprimarilyonmathematics．Thenheturnedtoi

tspracticaluse,designingthestructureofnearlyeverysinglecomputertoday．Rightnow,whateverdevicethatyouarereadingthison,whetheraphoneorcomputer,iscyc

lingthroughaseriesofbasicstepsbillionsoftimesovereachsecond,stepsthatwerefirstthoughtupbyJohnvonNeumann

．Remarkably,Heproposedatheoryofglobalwarmingcausedbyhumanactivity.21．Whoputforwardatheoryaboutanenvironmentalissue?

A．IsaacNewton.B．EmmyNoether.C．CarlFriedrichGauss.D．JohnvonNeumann.22．Whatdothefourscientistshaveincommon?A．Theyshowedagiftforphysicss

inceyoung.B．Theycontributedalottothecomputerfield.C．Theywerehighlyestablishedinmathematics.D．Theywerefromas

imilarfamilybackground.23．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythetextappear?A．Environment.B．Figure.C．Culture.D．News.BInvitedbyanauthor-friend

,IrecentlyattendedaprogramofreadingsbylocalAfrican-Americanwriters．Astheaudienceinthelibraryexpanded,InoticedthatIw

asamongaminorityofwhiteandelderlysupporters．Afteryearsofuniversityteaching,volunteeringinmanyorganizations,andwor

kingasapsychologistininner-citysettings,IwascomfortableamidmanysortsandcuriousaboutwhatImightlearnfromtheseauthors.Isettledintomyseatasthechairmanint

roducedahandsomeandpassionateman—KendallGlaspie．Hegreetedusandthenbegantoreadfromhisfive-chapterbookofpoems—Loved-U

nloved:ABlackMan’sPuzzle．Isatmesmerized,asthesoundsandmeaningsofhiswordswashedoverme．SuddenlyIreachedback60yearstoaparto

fme,acollegestudentofthesecondyear,whofirstdiscoveredLawrenceFerlinghettiandAConeyIslandoftheMind．LikeFerlinghetti,hiswork

wasmeanttovoicesomething．Themomentfeltmagical.Aftertheprogram,Istoodinhisauthor-linetospeakwithhim,purchaseacopy,andaskifIcouldwriteaboutmyexperience

whilelisteningtohim．Hegenerouslygranted(准予)permission．Backhome,Idevotedmyselftoreadingthepoems,givingthemtheattentiontheydeserved

.Kendall’sbookdidnotdisappoint．Heseesitas“acollectionofpoemsthatexplorecomplexdynamicsthatinfluencetheidentityandfee

lingsofordinarypeopleinNorthAmerica”．Itinvestigateswhattheconstructoflovemeanstousasindividualsandasacollective．AlthoughIamnotthatremarkab

le—noramIevenofhisgeneration——Ihavespentmypersonalandprofessionallifestudying,discovering,andwitnessingthehealingpoweroflove．Iidentifiedstrongly

withboththeuniversalandmuchinthepersonalthathedescribed．Thedepthofhisgraspofthejourneytowardwholenessem

bracingallpartsofourselvesbutallowingourchoicesofactiontobebasedonconsciousness,leftmeimpressed.24．W

hatdoweknowaboutthereadingprogram?A．Itwasoftenhostedininner-citysettings.B．Itwasanuneasyattendancefortheauthor.C．Itin

volvedafewwhiteandelderattendees.D．Itinviteduniversityteacherstogivelectures.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mesmerized”in

paragraph2mean?A．Fascinated.B．Shocked.C．Puzzled.D．Bored.26．WhichaspectdoesKendall’sbooktalkaboutinthetext?A．Choic

esofaction.B．Theconstructoflove.C．Theidentityoftheindividuals.D．Themeaningoflife.27．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom

?A．Aguidetosolvingpuzzles.B．Anessayonexplorationsoflove.C．Anintroductiontoaprogram.D．Ablogonreadingexperiences

.CAteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfogproblem．Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentco

ating(涂层)thatcanconvertsunlightintoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusi

ngtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles．Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线辐射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectt

hatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject．Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging．Thecoatingabsorbsalargeparto

ftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprays(喷雾)creat

eaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog．Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution．Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattr

actdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless．However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water．Furth

ermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible．Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,n

oadditionalenergysource．Goldmightbeexpensive,buttheresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow．Theircoating

isproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalablemethods,allcost-effectively．However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarrad

iation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight．Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications．Intheprocess

,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold．Thereisnoneedtofear．However,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoh

eatupmoreinthesummer．Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent．Hopefully,thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.2

8．Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog?A．Byreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.B．Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.C．Bycr

eatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.D．Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.29．Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousan

ti-foggingproducts?A．Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.B．Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcoating.C．Toproveth

edifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.D．Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.

30．Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating?A．Itisconsiderablyexpensive.B．Itdependsonsunlighttowork.C．Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.D．Itisdiffi

culttocleanandmaintain.31．Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext?A．Applyforapatentfortheinvention.B．Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.C．Exploretheenv

ironmentalimpactofthecoating.D．Seekamoreenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialtoreplacegold.DAtitsannualgenera

lassemblyinViennalastmonth,theEuropeanGeosciencesUnion(EGU)didsomethingunusual．Thechairofitsawardscommittee,ThomasBlunier,presentedabreakd

own,bygender,ofprizenominees(被提名者)andnominators(提名者)since2014．Thedatawererevealing．Althoughwomenmakeup37%ofthesociety’smembers,the

ymadejust20%ofnominationssuggestingthatwomenarelesslikelytonominatethanmen．Thedataalsoshowedthatpeopletendtofavo

urtheirowngenderwhenmakingnominations-withmenmostlikelytonominateothermen.Thisisclearlyaproblem,butawarenessofthesituationo

pensthedoortofixingit．Althoughwomenarestillunder-representedinEGUnominations,theirshareofawardsisnowapproachingtheirrepresentatio

namongEGUmembers,thankstocorrectivemeasurestakenbytheorganization?sawardscommittee．TheEGUisdistinctfrommostotherscientificsocietiestha

tdonotmakenominationdatapublic,thoughitisnecessaryforthefairnessamongprizewinners.Someothereffortsareunder

waytomakeprizesfairer．Inmathematics,forexample,theInternationalMathematicalUnionhasintroducedguideli

nestomakenominatorsandaward-committeemembersawareofunconsciousbias．Manyprizenominationformsnowincludestatementsencourag

ingnominatorstoconsiderdiversity．ThecommitteesthatawardNobelprizeshavetoldNaturethattheyareattemptin

gtoincreasediversityinnomineesandthattheproportionofwomennominatedisrising.Prize-giversneedtowidentheirnominationpools．In2019,Naturesuggestedt

hatawardorganizersmightcasttheirnetswiderwhenseekingnominationsbyapproachingnetworksthatincludeacademiesofsciencein

lowandmiddle-incomecountries．Thisisstillnothappeningonthescalethatitneedsto.Sadly,thesemeasureswillnotmakescienceprizesma

tchglobaldiversity,atleastnotstraightaway．Manyprizesarebasedonworkcarriedoutdecadesago,whenthebarrierstoenteringsciencewereevenhigherthantheyaretod

ayforpeoplefromunder-representedgroupsandcountries．Attheveryleast,professionalsocietiesmustensurethattheirnominationpool

sarerepresentativesoftheircommunities．Greatertransparencyandawider,morediversepoolofnomineesincreasethech

anceofawardsrewardingexcellence,ratherthanenlargingexistingnetworksoffame.32．WhatisthepurposeofshowingthedatafromtheEGU?A．Toshowthege

nderbalanceamongitsmembers.B．Toencouragefemalestonominateotherfemales.C．Toreflectthatwomenhavebeenignoredinawards.D．Torevealthe

significantimpactfromgenderawareness.33．Whateffortshavebeenmadetopromotethefairnessamongtheprizewinners?A．Publicizingt

henominationdata.B．Wideningtheapplicationpoolsbynominees.C．Introducingguidelinesonincreasingdiversity.D．Castingthenetswiderwhenseekingnomination

s.34．Whatdoestheauthorholdinthelastparagraph?A．Existingnominationpoolsarenottransparent.B．Professionalsoc

ietiesmustmakeadifference.C．Thebarrierstoenteringsciencewillnotbehigher.D．Sciencehaskeptupwiththeglobaltrendofdiversity.35．Whichofthe

followingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?A．EuropeanGeosciencesUnion:AnNontraditionalModelB．DiversityinSciencePrizes:Whyis

ProgressSoSlow?C．ProgressinScience:NominationShowsJusticeforAllD．TheWaytoGenderDiversity:Difficult,DelicatebutDestined第二节(共5小题:

每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Musicinfluencesyouremotions．Inturn,youremotionsinfluenceyourbehavior．Oneoftheseisyourfoodintake

．36Whatdoessciencesayaboutthissubject?ResearchersattheUniversityofArkansasstudiedhowmusicinfluencespeoplewhentheyeatinarestaurant．Fo

rthestudy,theyusedfourtypesofmusic:jazz,classical,rock,andhip-hop．Theirresultsshowedthatpeoplehadmoreappetitewhenthe

ylistenedtojazzmusicwhiletheyate．37Thishasalottodowithemotions．Forinstance,whenyoulistentomusicwithharmonicrhythmslikejazz,youfee

lhappier．Thisincreasesyourappetite.However,anotherstudypublishedinPsychologicalReportssuggestsitisn’tonlyincreasedappeti

tethatcausespeopletoeatmore．38Amorestimuli-filledenvironmentmakesyoueatmore．Infact,theytendtourgeyouontoeatandeven“encourage”yout

oeatfaster．Ontheotherhand,iftheatmosphereintherestaurantisrelaxed,you’relikelytofeelmorerelaxedandspendmoret

imeenjoyingyourself．Forthisreason,you’lltendtoeatless.Besides,thestudyconductedbytheJournaloftheAcad

emysuggeststhatthevolumeofmusiccanalsohaveaneffectonhowyoueat．Morespecifically,thestudystatesthat,withlow-volumemusic,youeatbe

tterbecauseyoumakehealthierchoices．Ontheotherhand,thestudyclaimsthatmusicathighvolumeincreasesstimulationandstress．39Forth

isreason,restaurantsshouldconsiderthefactwhenthinkingabouttheoptimizationoftheirproductsandservices．40Theyequipthemselvesw

iththetechnologyneededtoprovidememorableexperiencesthroughmusic,greatlystrengtheningtheirrelationshipwiththecustomer.A．Doesmusicinfluenceho

wyoueat?B．Beinginarushtoeatalsoplaysapart.C．Doesyouremotionboostyourappetite?D．However,theyhadlessappetitewhenlisteningtohip-hop.E．Infact,man

ycateringestablishmentshavealreadytakenaction.F．Thiscouldprovetobequiteaninterestingconceptforrestaurants.G．Thismeansyou’remorelikelytoordercomfortf

oodorotherunhealthyoptions.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whichonesarequicklanguagelearne

rs,adultsoryoungchildren?Itisnothardtoanswer,becausethereisnewevidenceshowingkidsreallycanlearnthingsmuch41thanadults.Astudy

publishedinCurrentBiology42thatchildrenandadultshavedifferentconcentrations(含量)ofakeybrainmessengercalledGABA．

This43makesnewly-learnedmaterialssteadier．Italsoproducesacalmingeffectandisthoughttolargely44nervecellhyperactivityassociatedwith45,stress,andfear.T

heteamusedneuro-imaging46toexaminevisualperceptivelearninginelementarypupilsandadults．47wereshownmultipledifferent

imagesandwerelateraskedquestionsaboutthemfollowingthetest．Thevisuallearning48anincreaseofGABAinchildren’svi

sualcortex(大脑皮层),theareaofthebrainthat49visualinformation．GABAlevelsdidn’tchangeatallwhenadults50thesamevisualt

ests．ChildrenparticipantskeptGABA51forhoursaftertrainingended,whiletheconcentrationsofGABAremained52intheadultsstudied.“Incontinuousbehavioralexperim

ents,wefoundthatchildren53steadiednewlearningmuchmorerapidlythanadults,which54thecommonbeliefthatchildrenare

55toadultsintheirlearningabilities,”studyco-authorSebastianM．Franksaid．“OurresultsprovesGABAasa56playerinmakinglearningefficientinchildren.”T

heseresults,theauthorsargue,should57teachersandparentstokeepgivingchildrenopportunitiestolearnanythingfromridingabiketoplayinganinstru

mentthroughouttheir58.Infuturestudies,theteamplansto59thedifferencesinmaturationratesbetweenbrainregionsandfunctionsandGABAresponsesinother60oflearn

ing,suchasreadingandwriting.41．A．deeperB．slowerC．fasterD．longer42．A．infersB．findsC．dedicatesD．responds

43．A．messengerB．brainC．studyD．team44．A．strengthenB．guaranteeC．enrichD．control45．A．happinessB．relaxationC．anxietyD．com

fort46．A．armsB．abilitiesC．techniquesD．furniture47．A．AdultsB．SubjectsC．ResearchersD．Pupils48．A．setupB．setasideC．setdownD．se

toff49．A．processesB．providesC．shrinksD．interrupts50．A．arrangedB．tookC．sufferedD．digested51．A．floatingB．boomi

ngC．collapsingD．sleeping52．A．consistentB．reliableC．ambiguousD．arbitrary53．A．partlyB．doubtfullyC．indeedD．vaguely54．A．prove

sB．predictsC．opposesD．ignores55．A．similarB．equalC．familiarD．superior56．A．keyB．ridiculousC．poisonousD．random57．A．forceB．encourageC

．reserveD．allow58．A．revolutionB．teensC．childhoodD．voyage59．A．inquireB．comprehendC．immerseD．explore60．A．charactersB．descriptionsC．certificatesD．typ

es第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WeizhouIslandwatersahabitatforrarewhalesChenMospendsnearlyone-third

ofeachyearonChina's61(young)volcanicisland,WeizhouIsland,andhasaccumulatedover6terabytesofphotosandvideofootageoftherare

Bryde'swhalesthatswimoffitscoastline.Chen,40,is62associateresearcherfromtheGuangxiAcademyofScienceswhohasbeens

tudyingthespeciesinthewatersnearWeizhou632016．"Weidentifiedabout10membersoftheherdfrom2016to2018．The

rearenearly50Bryde'swhalesnow,andtheherdsizeisstillincreasing,"hesaid.Histeamhasobservedthematingbehaviorsofadultwhalesandmotherwhaleshuntingwiththe

ircalvesforyearsinthearea,makingtheresearchersbelievethattheislandandits64(surround)watersareoneofthemajorhuntingandbreedinggroundsforthespecies

.WeizhouIslandsitsintheBeibuGulf,hometoaspateof65(endanger)marinewildlifeinsouthernChina．Over1,000kil

ometersaway66(lie)theGulfofThailand,67boastsawell-preservedmarineecosystemandrichfoodresourcesandisanotheressentialhabitat

ofthewhales.To68(joint)researchandprotectBryde'swhales,Chineseresearchinstitutes69(team)upwiththeDepartmentofMarineandCoastalResourcesofThai

landinthepastfewyearstoshareinformationandresources．ProtectingBryde'swhaleshasbecomeanimportantareaof70(cooperate)betweenfromChinaan

dThailand.第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多

有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：2．只允许修改10

处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。ThemostimpressiveclassI’veneverhadistheEnglishliteratureclassaboutCharlotte’sWebinlastsemester．Whatstri

kesmemostwastheteacher’spassionforliterature．Herplotexplaining,characteranalysisorthemeextraction(提炼)helpedmeseethenovelinanewlight．Apartfromher

in-depthexploration,shealsoinvolvedourselvesinadiscussion,encouragingusshareandcomment．IwasamazedathowengagedIwasandhowmuchIlearned．Ie

venlefttheclassfeelingmotivatingtomajorinliteratureinfuture．Ilookforwardtomoreinspiringclasses,whichteacherscanbringthesubjecttolifeandma

kelearningenjoyably.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假如你是学生会主席李华，最近青少年学生心理健康引起了公众关注，请围绕这一主题，写一份倡议书，内容包括：1．简述现状；2．表示理解；3．发出倡议。注意：注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不

计入总词数。Dearfellowstudents,I’mLiHua,presidentoftheStudentUnion．__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________TheStudentUnionMay17th,2024