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考点14--推理判断之推断文章结构--练模拟--熟能生巧1.【广东省名校2022届高三年级下学期联合测试】Integrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Thecon

ceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations.

Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety,onethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacityforcriticalreflectio

n,doesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.Besides,societiesca

nbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofp

eoplelivinginaparticularsociety,thelivesofallfellowpeopleand,initsbroadestsense,eventhedestinyofanation.Bycontrast,ifthoselivinginthesocietyarecorru

pt,itcouldhavebadeffects,jeopardizingthehealthymoralityofthesociety.Ontheotherhand,asocietycanbefavorabletothedev

elopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpectsandrequiresintegrity.Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrity,andpeoplewhoneverco

mpromiseontheirprinciples,couldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentonitsmembers.Beingapartofsuchamorallylivelycommunitycouldservea

sabasisforabsorbingtraitsofgoodcharacter.Thiscouldbeofadistinctadvantagetoanyindividualsinthesociety.Nonetheless,somes

ocialstructuresareofthewrongsortforsomeindividualstopursueintegrity.Ifthatisthecase,wehavetoaskquestionsaboutthemoralnatureofsocietyfirstbefo

reraisingquestionsaboutindividualintegrity.Questionsaboutintegritymayturnouttobeaboutwhatkindofsocietyitis,ratherthanabou

ttherelationshipbetweenindividualinterestsandcharacteristicsofasociety.Thepursuitofadequateindividualintegrityoftendepends,notsomu

chonunderstandingwhooneisandwhatonebelievesandiscommittedto,butratherunderstandingwhatone’ssocietyisandimaginingwhatitco

uldbe.Undernocircumstancescanweunderestimatetheimportanceofhumanintegrityinasociety.People,whoarehonest,trustworthy,compassionateandcaring,areth

efactorsdecisiveinthegrowthofindividualsaswellasthedevelopmentofasociety.12．Individualintegrityhasbeenvaluedinsocietybecause______.A．ithelps

developphilosophyB．itiscrucialtosocialrelationsC．itisthebasisofcriticalthinkingD．itensurespeople’sparticularroles13．Theunderlinedword“jeopardi

zing”inParagraph2probablymeans“______”.A．strengtheningB．assessingC．influencingD．destroying14．Whatdoestheauthor

believeaccordingtothepassage?A．Individualintegrityreliesonwhatonehasfaithin.B．Thepursuitofindividualintegritychangesw

ithtime.C．Thenatureofsocietyisdecidedbyeconomicdevelopment.D．Socialstructuresguidetheformationofindividualintegrity.15．Whichofthefollowingshowsthede

velopmentofideasinthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-pointC:ConclusionA．B．C．D．2.（北京四中高三期中）Thenewsocialrobots,includingJ

ibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A．X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple’sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmo

re.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazi

nehailed(称赞)therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines.”Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodt

hing,especiallyforchildren?Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon’tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationship

swithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticists

sometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate(赋予…生命)dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,wi

llbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesi

sdifferent,though.Today’srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoalofthero

botsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,

thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate“adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,y

oufeelthepainofthat.”Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelan

geratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn’tevenknowitisneglectingyou?Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchi

ldren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionstoshare,andtheycannotputthemselve

sinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures“say”orsqueak,theydon’tunderstandouremotionallives.Theypresentthem

selvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessentialequipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon’tknowpain,orde

ath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.Whatisalsotroublingistha

tchildrentakerobots’behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whentherobotsinteractwiththem,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsd

on’tworkwhenneeded,childrenalsotakeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem(自尊).Ino

nestudy,an8-year-oldboyconcludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.Forsolong,wedreamedofarti

ficialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbutconversationandcare.Nowthatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealw

iththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat“feel.”1．HowarethenewsocialrobotsdifferentfromSiri?A．Theyareintendedt

oteachchildrenhowtotalk.B．Theyaredesignedtoattractpeoplewiththeirsmarts.C．Theirmainfunctionistoevaluat

echildren’spersonality.D．Theyhaveanewwaytocommunicatewithhumanbeings.2．InParagraph3Cozmoisusedasanexampletoshowthatthesocialr

obots______.A．aredeeplyconnectedwithhumanbeingsB．areunabletobuildarealrelationshipwithchildrenC．aresoadvancedthattheycanfeel

thepainofhumanbeingsD．arenotgoodenoughtocarryouttheinstructionsofchildren3．Theunderlinedphrase“essentialequipment”inParagraph4re

fersto______.A．emotionB．painC．fearD．thinking4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage

?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA．B．C．D．3.（2020·北京西城·一模）TheImpossibleBurgerisentirelyfreeofmeat.Butitlooks,smells

,feelsand—mostimportantly—tastessomuchlikerealhamburgerbeef.Infact,plant-basedburgeralternativeshavesetoffastrongresistancefromthebe

efindustry.TheCenterforConsumerFreedom,anonprofitthatadvocatesonbehalfofthefastfoodandmeatindustrieshaslaunchedan“informational”campaignt

argetingplant-basedmeats.ThecampaignhasincludedTVandonlineads,aswellasprintadsinnewspapers.Theadsseemtoimplythatnotonlyisanartificialburger

tooprocessed,butthatitmightbeevenlesshealthythantheaveragebeefburger.Whileit’struethataplant-basedmeatalternativeisprocessedandit’str

uethateatingoneisnotashealthyasapileofrawvegetables,it’sbesttotaketheadswithagenerouspinchofsalt.Forinstance,theadditivesandpreservativesinpla

nt-basedmeathighlightedinoneadsuresoundscary.Whowantssomethingcalledtitaniumdioxide(二氧化钛)intheirmeal?Butthetruthisthatad

ditivessuchasthoselistedintheadsareregularlyusedinallsortsofpackagedfoods.Andifmethylcellulose,afoodthickener,so

undsunpleasant,it’sreallynothingcomparedwithsalmonella(沙门菌)poisoningyoucangetfromregularmeat.Also,theadcampaignmissesthebiggerp

oint.ChoosinganImpossibleorBeyondburgerisn’tjustabouteatinghealthy.Burgers,whethertheyaremadefromprocessedpeaproteinorprocess

edmeat,willneverbeashealthyasorganicrawvegetables.What’sappealingistheprospectofenjoyingajuicyburgerwithoutthebitteraftertast

eofguilt.Let’sfaceit,therearehugeenvironmentalcoststoeatingcows.Cattleraisingiscontributingtoclimatechange,andnotjustbecausemethane(甲烷)fr

omcowsandcattleisresponsibleforabout14.5%ofgreenhousegas.Morebroadly,ourglobalfoodproductionsystemreleasesmorethanathirdoft

heworld’sgreenhousegases.Yetwecan’tseemtocontrolourmeatappetiteevenknowingthatlargeareasoftheAmazonforesthavebeenruined,andcontinu

etobecutdowntomakeroomformorecattletofeedthegrowingdemandforbeef.Humansalsoknowfullwellthatmanyanimalsliv

eshort,cruellivesinawfulconditionsforthepurposeofbecomingfoodsforhumanstoenjoyatdinner.Aplant-basedmeatthatsatisfiesmeatdesiresanddeliversp

roteinbutwithasmallerclimatefootprintisapotentialenvironmentalgamechangerandthereasonImpossibleFoodswasoneofthosereceivingtheU.N.

GlobalClimateActionAwardin2019.Nowonderthemeatindustryisonguard.1．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablym

ean?A．Theseadsdeservelittleconsideration.B．Weshouldspreadthemessageoftheseads.C．We’dbetterbecautiouswhenreadingtheseads.D．Thesead

stellpeoplealotaboutplant-basedburgers.2．Whatdoweknowaboutadditivesandpreservativesinplant-basedburgers?A．Theyarelikelytoca

usepoisoning.B．Theiruseiswithinthenormalrange.C．Somehavenotbeenusedinhamburgers.D．Theyareusedtoensureburgerstastegood.3

．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsplant-basedburgers?A．Supportive.B．Neutral.C．Disapproving.D．Doubtful.4．Whic

hofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA．B．C．D．4.（2021·天津市武清区杨

村第一中学一模）Manyparentsworrythatshowingnegativeemotionsinfrontoftheirchildrenwillcausethemtosuffer.Forexample,childrenmayendupthinking

it'stheirfaultorsimply"catch"theemotion.Indeed,thisworryhasasoundbasis—thephenomenonof“emotionalcontagion"（情绪感染）isreal,andonerecentstudyfoundthatpar

entscantransfertheirfearofgoingtothedentist,forexample,totheirchildren.Ontheotherhand,thereisthenaturalideathatweshould“bereal"withourch

ildren,andthattheywillbenefitfromwatchingaparentwhostrugglesandeventuallydealswiththeirnegativeemotionslikeanyotherhumanbeing.Therearethreecon

ceptstoconsiderwhenitcomestoemotionaldisplayinfrontofchildren:suppression（压抑），"uncontained"expression,andtalkingaboute

motions.Suppressionofemotioniswhenyouhidetheoutwardsignsofanemotion.Unfortunately,itdoesn'tworkveryw

ell—theactofsuppressingyouremotionactuallyincreasesyourbloodpressure.Observerscanpickuponyourdistressdespiteyoureffortstohideit,ma

kingthemfeelstressed.Therecentresearchhasalsofoundthatwhenparentsfeelnegativeemotionsandkeepthemfromtheirchildren,

theyexperiencelowerrelationshipqualityanddecreasedresponsivenesstotheirchild'sneeds.Ontheotherhand,“uncontained"expressionofangera

ndsadnessbytheparentisalsonotsalutaryforthechild.Uncontainedmeanshighintensityemotion,withnoattemptstoregulateortakeowner

shipofit.Shouting,smashing（摔）thingsandblamingsomeoneelsefor"makingyouangry"areallexampleofthis.So,whatisthemiddleground?Thatwouldbetalkinga

boutemotiontakingownershipofthemandshowingyourchildthatyouaretryingtodealwiththem.Classicresearchfoundthatsix-year-oldkidshadbetteremotionalunderstan

dingandperspective-takingskillsiftheirmothershadtalkedtothemabouttheiremotionsattheageofthree.Infact,the

morethemothershadtalked,thebettertheoutcomewouldbe.Sonexttimeyoufeelsad,angryorfrustratedandyourchildiswatchin

gyouexpressingemotion,doexplainwhat'sgoingonintermstheycanunderstand.1．Theauthorusestheexampleofgoing

tothedentistmainlyto_______.A．explainparents'commonfearB．introducethetopicofnegativeemotionsC．showchildrenmayca

tchparents'emotionsD．presenttheconsequencesoftransferringnegativeemotions2．Ifamothersuppresses（(压抑)）heremotions,.A．shewillnot

makeherkidsfeelstressedB．shecanhideheremotionsfromherkidsC．shewilloftenshoutatherkidsfornoreasonsD．shecan'trespondeffectivel

ytoherkids'needs3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"salutary"inParagraph4probablymean?A．Enough.B．Beneficial.C．Necessary.D．Reliable.4．Whatisthea

uthor'sintentionofwritingthistext?A．Toencourageparentsto"bereal"withourchildren.B．Tocallonparentstodevelopapositiv

eattitudetolife.C．Toinformparentsoftheconsequencesofnegativeemotions.D．Torecommendparentstotalkaboutnegativeemotionswithchildren.5．W

hat'sthestructureofthetext?A．B．C．D．5.（湖南永州·三模）Theorganicfoodhasgainedalotof[popularityastheyarebeingconsideredashealthierandtast

ier.Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnotseemwell-founded.Sinc

ethemid-19thcentury,conventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbas

is.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootofland,whichcanmeanlesswildernessneedstobetransformed

tofarmland.Tomakefarmingmoreefficient,conventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountofsyntheticfertilizer（合成肥料）eachyear,andallthatn

itrogen（氮）enablesmuchfasterplantgrowth.However,thecostispaidinvastpolluteddeadzonesatthemonthsofmanyoftheworld’srivers,becau

semuchofthenitrogenendsuprunningoffthesoilandintotheoceans.Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthrea

tstotheenvironment.Toweakentheenvironmentalimpactofagriculture,improvesoilqualityaswellasproducehealthierfood

s,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming.Environmentalistshavealsowelcomedorganicfoodasbetterfortheplanetthanthefoodproduced

byagriculturalcorporations.Organicpractices---refusingartificialfertilizersandchemicalpesticides–areconsideredfarmoresusta

inable.Salesoforganicfoodrose7.7%in2010,upto$26.7billion—andpeoplearemakingthosepurchasesfortheirmoral

sensesasmuchastheirtongues.Yetanewmeta-analysisinNaturedoesthemathandcomestoahardconclusion:organicfarmingproduces2

5%fewercropsonaveragethanconventionalagriculture.IntheNatureanalysis,scientistsperformedananalysisof66studiescomparingconventionalandorganicmethods

across34differentcropspecies,fromfruitstograins.Theyfoundthatorganicfarmingdeliveredaloweroutputforeverycroptype,thoughthed

ifferencevariedwidely.Forcropslikefruittrees,organictrailed（落后于）conventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformaj

orgraincropsandvegetables–allofwhichprovidetheworld’smaincalories–conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicsbymorethan25%.W

hatthatmeansisthatwhileorganicfarmingmaybemoresustainablethanconventionalagriculture,therearetrade-offs（此消彼长）witheach.Soan

idealglobalagriculturesystemmayborrowthebestfrombothsystemsratherthanupholdingmerelyorganicorconventionalpractices.1．What’stheauthor’spurposeof

writingthepassage?A．Tocomparetwotypesoffarming.B．Tocriticizeconventionalagriculture.C．Todiscussthedevelopmentoffarming.D．Toargueforarealisticagricul

turesystem.2．Whatdoweknowaboutconventionalfarming?A．Itproducesmorecropswithfewerfertilizers.B．Itachievesefficiencyatahugecosttothee

nvironment.C．Ifoffersalong-termsolutiontoglobaldemandforfood.D．Itperformsfarbetterforeachcroptypethanorganicfarming.3．Whatdoestheauthormostprob

ablyagreewith?A．Employingorganicfarmingtoplantrice.B．Adoptingorganicpracticestogrowpotato.C．Usingconventionalmethodstoplantcabbage.D．Applyingconvent

ionalfarmingtogrowingapple.4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point（次要点）C:Conclusion

A．B．C．D．6.【山西省祁县中学高三8月月考】Thereisalwaysnolackofordinarypeopletakingactionforextraordinarychange.AghanOscarisjustamongthem.Th

irteenyearsago,Aghan.botheredbytheever-increasingquantityofplastincwasteinthislow-incomesuburbofNairobi,decidedto

findawaytorecycleit.Nouhiscompany.ContinentalRenewableEnergyCo.Ltd(COREC)producespolesforuseinconstruction,farmingan

droadsigns.Sofarhe'ssold96,000,andhesayshispotentialiorgrowthislimitedonlybytheconsiderableexpenseofsettingupplasticrecyc

lingplants.MostofAghan'scustomersarefarmersanddeveloperswhoonceusedwoodenfencepoles.Customerssaytheyhaveotherbenefi

tsaswell."Ihavefencedmypieceoflandthreetimesusingwoodposts,butmostofthetimethefencewasvandalized(故意破坏)byvillagerswhousedthepostsasfirewood."sai

dCalebKapten.Nowplasticpostshavestoppedtheproblem,hesaid.TheKenyaNationalHighwaysAuthorityisoneofCORECsbiggestcustomers.Itapproachedthecompan

yafterroadsignswerevandalizedbycriminalswhosoldthemetalpolestosteelmanufacturingcompanies.Aghanreckons(估计)thatCOREC'sproducts

havesavedthegovernmentmillionsofshillings,besidespreventingroadaccidents.AndhealsopointsoutthatCOREChasbeenabletoconservelargenumbersoftreesbyprod

ucingplasticpoles.WhenAghanstartedthisrecyclingbusinessin2003,mostofhisemployeeswerehisfamilymembersdueto

financialconstraint(限制).Nowheemploys250youngpeopletocollectplasticwaste.Fiftymoreyouthsworkontheproductionline,

wherethewasteissortedaccordingtoqualitybeforebeingcrushedandwashed,meltedandcastintodifferentshapes.Thepolesarethenarrang

edbyshapeandsizeforsaleintheyardoftherecyclingplant.1.What'sthebiggestchallengeofAghan'sfuturecareer?

A.Thepoortechnologyinrecycling.B.Thehighcostofbuildingfactories.C.increasingpilesofplasticwaste.D.Thelimitedpolicysupportinre

cycling.2.HowwasCalebKapten'sproblemfinallysolved?A.Hegaveupfencinghisland.B.HeguardedthelandmorecarefullyC.Herepla

cedthewoodpostswithplasticonesD.HegotsomedonatedmetalPosts.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.GreatdifficultyfacingAgha

nB.Striclstandardsofplasticpoles.C.Variouswaysofmakingplasticpoles.D.Thecomplexprocessofrecyclingplasticwaste4.Whichbestshowsthestructur

eofthetext?A.B.C.D.7.【江苏省南京市金陵中学期末】Ase-cigarettesbecomemorepopular,fewerpeoplearetakingupsmokingtraditionalcigarettes.Butcane-cigare

ttes,anelectronicnicotinedeliverysystem,helppeoplequitsmokingaltogether?Theanswerisprobablyyes.AstudyledbyMatt

hewCarpenter,aprofessorattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolinafoundthate-smokerstendtosmokelessandhaveincreasedq

uitattempts.Inthepilotstudy,Carpenterevaluatede-cigarettesintermsofusage,productpreference,changesinsmo

kingbehaviorsandnicotineexposure.Ninetysubjectswereevaluated：45wererandomizedtousee-cigarettes,and45w

ererandomizedtoacontrolgroup.Everyonewasfollowedoveraperiodoffourmonths.ThestudywaspublishedinCancerEpidemiol

ogyinNovemberandisoneofthefewrandomizedstudiesintheU.S.toexaminetheeffectsofe-cigarettes.Resultsshowedthatwhensmokersweregivene-cigarettes

,uptakewasstrong.Manyparticipantsratedthee-cigarettessimilartotheirusualproduct,suggestingthate-cigarettesmightgivesmokersasuitablealternat

ivetocombustible（燃烧的）cigarettes.E-cigarettesoffersignificantlylessexposuretoharmfultoxicantsandthereforearesafer

.Peopleusinge-cigarettesthroughoutthestudysmokedanaverageof37percentfewercigarettes,ascomparedtothoseinthecontrolgroup,showingapositiveeffectwhenmaki

ngtheswitchandpotentiallyservingasatooltohelpsmokersquit.That'sgoodnewsforCarpenterandhiscolleagues.Smokingis

theleadingcauseofcancerandhasanegativeimpactontheeffectivenessofcancertreatments.Peoplewhoquitsmoking,regardlessoftheirages,havesubstant

ialgainsinlifeexpectancy（预期寿命）comparedwiththosewhocontinuetosmoke.Carpentercautionsthatwhilee-cigarettesmayhel

ppeoplesmokelessorevenquit,theyarenotforeveryone."Itisimportanttoprotectnon-smokers,particularlyadolescen

ts,fromstartinganynicotine-containingproduct."Morethan1,500varietiesofe-cigarettesarenowavailable,includingdifferentlook

s,high-techpowersettingsandmanyflavors.Allthesemakethemmoreappealingtokids.Infact,e-cigarettesaremorepopularthanconventionalcigarettesamongyou

th."Alltheseshouldraiseouralarmbells,"hesaid.E-cigaretteswereonlyrecentlyregulatedbytheFoodandDrugAdministration.Largelymanufac

turedoverseas,thequalitycontrolprocessvaries,hesays.Withoutenoughinformationtoanswerthelong-termpublich

ealthissuesofe-cigarettes,researcherslikeCarpenterareawareoftheimportanceoffurtherstudiesonthelatesttobaccotrends.Combustiblecigaretteshavebeena

roundformanydecades.E-cigaretteshavenot,andthesciencehasalotofquestionslefttoanswer,hesaid.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutProfessorCarpenter'

sexperimentone-cigarettes?A.Thetestgroupsincludeconventionalsmokers,e-smokersandnon-smokers.B.E-cigarettesexp

osesmokerstofewerpoisonoussubstances.C.Manyparticipantsdon'tthinke-cigarettesasgoodastraditionalones.D.Itisoneofthefewstudiestotesttheeffe

ctsofsmoking.2.Afterreadingthepassage,wemayinferthat_______.A.moste-cigarettesmokerswillfinallygiveups

mokingB.therearemoree-smokersthantraditionalsmokesintheUSAC.manyadolescentsareattractedtoe-cigarettesduetotheir

lowpricesD.carpenterisworriedaboutthee-cigarettes'popularityamongchildren3.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.E-cigarettesarefacedwi

thmanyproblemsandneedmorestudy.B.TheU.S.governmentshouldstrengthenitsregulationovere-cigarettes.C.Smok

ersshouldbecautiousbecauseofe-cigarettes'lowquality.D.Researchersareconcernedaboute-cigarettes'harmtopeop

le'shealth.4.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?___（①to⑦representParagraphs1to7）8.【2020届山东省淄博市高三下学期一模】Theproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge,

profitablebusiness,but,unfortunately,full-sunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamage.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgro

wnfromshade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceof,certainanimalsandbirds,andevendistur

bstheworld’secologicalbalance.Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfieldsaffectsthearea’sbirdsandanimals.Theshad

eoftheforesttreesprovidesahomeforbirdsandotherspecial(物种)thatdependonthetrees’flowersandfruits.Full-suncof

feegrowersdestroythisforesthome.Asaresult,manyspecialarequicklydyingout.Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfull-

suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威胁)humanlife.Medicalresearchoftenmakesuseoftheforests'plantandanimallife,andthedestructionofsuch

speciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.Inaddition,newcoffee-growingtechniquesarepoisoningthew

aterlocally,andeventuallytheworld'sgroundwater.Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoff

eeplantations(种植园)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld'sclima

te,andstudiesshowthatlossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Moreover,thenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributin

gtoacidic(酸性的)soilconditions.Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglob

alecology.Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.The

futurehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutfull-suncoffeepro

ductionfromParagraph4?A.Itlimitsthespreadofnewgrowingtechniques.B.Itleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.C.Itslowsdownthelossof

shadetrees.D.Itimproveslocalsoilconditions.6.Thepurposeofthetextisto.A.entertainB.advertiseC.instructD.persuade7.Wheredoesth

istextprobablycomefrom?A.Anagriculturalmagazine.B.Amedicaljournal.C.Anengineeringtextbook.D.Atouristguide.8.Whichofthefollo

wingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?A.B.C.D.9.（重庆巴蜀中学高三阶段练习）Gettingyourchildrentostoplyingischallenging.Therearemanyinfluences(TV,movies,vid

eogamesandsomegreatbooks)inwhichliesarecommon.Childrenseeparentslietoothers,ifonlytobepolite.Mostparentsaddtothatwithtalesaboutthel

ivesandactivitiesofSantaClausortheToothFairy,ortoallayfears.(“Thiswillnothurt!”)Parentsdothisoutoflove,butforsomech

ildren,lyingcanbecomeaproblem.Themostcommonreactionstochildrenwholieareexplainingwhyitiswrongandpunishment.Butaswaysofchangingbehavior,theseare

ineffective.However,whatcountsistopraise.Youcouldaskyourchildtosaysomethingthathappenedatschoolthatistrue.Itisnotcriticalwhatthatis.Thisisabou

tpractice.Whenyourchildcomplies,praisehimenthusiastically.Bespecific:“Thatwasgreat!YoutoldmewhathappenedjustlikeIasked.Wo

w!”andgiveyourchildahugorahighfive.Ifyourchildsayssomethingtrueinthecourseofherday,praisethatbehaviortoo.Aimforoneortwointeractionsliketh

isaday.Ifyouhappento“catch”yourchildinalie,bematter-of-factinyourdisapproval.Saysomethinglike,“Thatisnottrueandcouldgetyouintr

oubleoutsideofthehoe;itisbettertosaythetruth.”Besides,youshouldsetagoodexampletoyourkidsandtellthetruthexplicitly.Thiscouldbeabout

somethingthathappenedwhenyouwereachildorsomethingthathappenedduringtheday.Itneednotbedramatic.Anotheroptionistoplayagameatdinner.Eachpersontell

sonethingthatwastruethatday.Again,givealittlepraisetothechildwhonormallyliesifsheplaysalong.Inmostinstances,childrenareunlikelytochangebeha

viorordeveloptheconductyouwant.Thatdoesnotmeanignoring,lyingorlettingitgo.Rather,useverymildpunishment(lightreprimand,shortlosso

fprivilege,abrieftime-out).Moresevere,harshorenduringpunishments(shouting,takingawaysomethingforaweek,hitting)arenotmoreeffectiveinactuallychan

gingthefrequencyoflying.Trytheseproceduresfortwotothreeweeksandseewhereyouare.Usuallytheycanbedroppedbythen.Itisunlikelythatlyingwillbecom

pletelyremoved,butwiththerightencouragement,itcanbedramaticallylessened.9．Whichpunishmentisrelativelyineffective?A．Abrieftime-out.B．Lightrep

rimand.C．Shortlossofprivilege.D．Takingawaysomethingforaweek.10．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Parentscantel

lliessometimes.B．Lyingwilldisappearthoroughly.C．Punishmentcanchangebehaviors.D．Praisingyourkidsalotisbeneficial.11．Whichofthefollowingcouldser

veasthebesttitle?A．IsLyingaProblem?B．CanKidsStopLying?C．WhatCanYouDoWhenKidsTelllies?D．HowCanYouPunishYourKidsforLying?12．W

hichbestshowsthestructureofthetext?A．B．C．D．获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com