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必修第一册UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS15分钟基础练一、单句语法填空1．Peoplewere________toseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyherstepmother.The________news________allth

epeoplearound.(shock)2．The________manhasmuch________andcanhandlevariousmatters________.(wisdom)3．Wemeasuredth

e________oftheareaandfounditwasjustthreemeters________andthus,weneededto________it.(length)4．Hetakesadeep________and________inthesweets

melloffreshflowers.(breathe)5．Masteringsomebasicskillswouldgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof________.Thankstotheswimmingskills,heandhisfriendsuc

ceededin________theterriblefloodandtheyweretheonlytwo________.(survive)6．Therecent________treatmentshaveag

reat________ontherecoveryofthepatients________byCOVID­19.(affect)7．The________diseasehasaffectedmanypeopleandhascause

datleast30________uptonow.(dead)8．Whenyouwritea________ofanarticle,________themainideaofeachpartisthefirststep.(summ

ary)9．Shehasbeen________fromthelossofmemorysinceshehadthatcaraccidentandher________isbeyonddescription.(suffer)10．Whenan________incident

________，youcanimmediatelycallthe________call.(emergency)二、短语填空sweepaway,onhand,cometoanend,thenumberof,intheop

enair,inshock1．Thesummervacation____________atlastandwewouldreturntoschool.2．Hesaidtome____________，“Ourmonitorwon

thefirstprizeinthecompetition.”3．WiththedevelopmentofChina,____________peoplestudyingChineseintheWestisincreasingrapidly.4．Whatmade

usfrustratedwasthatthefloods____________allthehouses.5．Itwasbecauseofanunexpectedrainthatwecouldn'tgoo

napicnic____________．6．Hewantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchwork____________thatIwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.三、补全句子1．每天我都非常焦虑，直到深夜才能睡着。(

too...to...)Everyday________________________________untillateintothenight.2．既紧张又害怕，我感觉如坐针毡。(asif引导的虚拟语气)Nervousan

dfrightened,Ifelt______________________________．3．我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(主语＋be＋adj.＋todo)Myhead__________________________________．4．想参加此

次采摘活动的人被要求明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。(thosewho)______________________________arerequiredtogatherattheschoolgateat7：00amtomorrow.5．他正在河边散步，突然听见有人呼救。(be

doing...when...)________________________________heheardsomeonecryingforhelp.30分钟组合练一、阅读理解A篇Atthetimeofyearwhenthesun'sdailyappearanceisoftensho

rt­lived,thefollowingwarmplacesinWashingtonStateareyourfirstchoice.AlderbrookResort&SpaLessthanatwo­hourdrivefromSeattle,locatedontheedg

eoftheHoodCanal,anature­filledretreat(僻静处)iswaving.SealsslidealongthewatersoftheAlderbrookdock,playingagameof“GoFish”withdiv

e­bombingseabirds.Asyousitontheshakingdockjustminutesafterarrival,youarealreadyinaquieterworld.SuncadiaResortAmountainescapeawaitsjustoverthepasson

I­90,about80mileseastofSeattle.Theresort'sannualwinterfestivallastsuntilJanuary2,fullofholidaycelebrationsandwinterrecreatio

ns,fromcross­countyskiingandsnowmobiletourstoiceskatingandsnowshoetours.WillowsLodge20milesfromSeattle,thisluxurylodg

eisnestledintothecenterofWoodinvilleWineCountry.SituatedonfivelandscapedacresthatbordertheSammamishRiver,theNorthwest­s

tylelodgeiswithinwalkingdistanceofmorethan35tastingrooms.Whenyoustepintothelodge,firecracklesandhotapplepie

welcomeyourarrivalwithacelebratoryair.Seattle­areaRetreatsSalishLodge&Spaisascenic30­minutedrivefromSeattle,bringingyoutoalod

geintegratingtheold­worldatmosphereandmodernelegance.Getouttoenjoythesurroundingnature,hikingneartherushing270­foot­tallSnoqua

lmieFallsortryingactivitieslikesnowshoeing.HeadtoNorthBendforasliceofTwede'sCafestrawberrypie.1．Wherecany

ougotoseeseaanimals?A．AlderbrookResort&Spa.B．SuncadiaResort.C．WillowsLodge.D．Seattle­areaRetreats.2．WhatcanyouenjoyatSuncadiaResort?A．Perf

ormancesofanimals.B．Amonth­longfestival.C．Anexhibitionofsnowshoes.D．Snow­relatedactivities.3．WhatdoWill

owsLodgeandSeattle­areaRetreatshaveincommon?A．Theyfeaturewinetasting.B．Theyfocusonoutdooractivities.C．They

servefoodmadefromfruits.D．Theycombinetheancientandmoderntrends.B篇[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，D]OnMarch7，1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGalt

onpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimatio

nheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thise

ffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtoover

estimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestim

ate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequirestha

tpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.Butan

ewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencr

owdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindep

endentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageo

btainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow­upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhat

thegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollo

wthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedar

gumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.Althoughthestudiesle

dbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision­makingaree

normous.4．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation.B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecause

sofpeople'serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.5．Navajas'studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif_

_______．A．thecrowdswererelativelysmallB．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicateD．estimateswerenotfullyin

dependent6．Whatdidthefollow­upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups.B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionproce

ss.D．Theindividualestimates.7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?A.Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtfu

l.D．Approving.[答题区]题号1234567答案二、完形填空WhenRickHoytwasbornin1962hewasdiagnosedasaspasticquadriplegicwit

hcerebralpalsy(伴有脑瘫的痉挛性四肢瘫痪者).DickandhiswifeJudywereadvisedtoinstitutionalizeRick,buttheychosetoincorporatehimincommunitylife.Inthes

pringof1977,Ricktoldhisfatherthathewantedto__1__a5­milebenefitrun.Farfrombeingalong­distancerunner,Dick__2__topushRickinhiswheelchairandtheyfi

nishedall5miles,cominginnexttolast.Thatnight,Ricktoldhisfather,“Dad,whenIwasrunning,itfeltlikeI'mnot__3__.”Thissuccesswasjustthebeginni

ngofwhatwouldbecomeover1，000races__4__.The2009BostonMarathonwasofficiallyTeamHoyt's1000thrace.Rickalwayssaysif

itcomesdowntodoingone__5__ayearhewouldlikeittobetheBostonMarathon.2013wasgoingtobeTeamHoyt'slastBoston

Marathontogether,buttheywerenotableto__6__duetotheterroristbombingatthefinishline.They__7__tobebackin2014tofini

shtheracewithalltheotherrunners,whichtheydid,__8__manytimesalongthe26.2miles'distancetotakephotosandshakehandswiththemanywell­wishers.Ri

ckwasonce__9__，“Ifyoucouldgiveyourfatheronething,whatwoulditbe？”Rick__10__，“ThethingI'dmostlikeformydadistosithiminthechairandI__11__himtocomple

tearace.”Racinginsupportofothersinneed,sacrificingtheirtimeandenergyto__12__others,TeamHoytcontinuedinthatsame__13__for37years.Theyprove

dtoeveryonethatanythingcanbedonewithstubbornenough__14__，devotion,andaboveall,thebottomlessdepthsof__15__thatcanbefoundonlyintheuniquebondb

etweenafatherandhisson.1．A.participateinB．cheerforC．giveupD．lookat2．A.hatedB．pretendedC．happenedD．agree

d3．A.healthyB．strongC．disabledD．wealthy4．A.completedB．consideredC．arrangedD．suggested5．A.actionB．wishC．raceD．exercise6．A.finishB．si

gnC．followD．understand7．A.hurriedB．rememberedC．promisedD．hesitated8．A.walkingB．stoppingC．standingD．smiling9．A.requestedB．suppo

rtedC．askedD．recommended10．A.deniedB．respondedC．readD．recalled11．A.pushB．thankC．welcomeD．greet12．A.encourageB．affectC．inf

ormD．benefit13．A.competitionB．sportC．spiritD．position14．A.characterB．perseveranceC．strengthD．mind15．A

.loveB．connectionC．relationshipD．sympathy[答题区]1～5________________6～10________________11～15________________