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必修第一册UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS15分钟基础练一、单句语法填空1．Peoplewere________toseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyhe

rstepmother.The________news________allthepeoplearound.(shock)2．The________manhasmuch________andcanhandlevariousmatters________.(wi

sdom)3．Wemeasuredthe________oftheareaandfounditwasjustthreemeters________andthus,weneededto________it.(length)4．Hetakesadeep________and_____

___inthesweetsmelloffreshflowers.(breathe)5．Masteringsomebasicskillswouldgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof________.Thankstotheswimmingskills,heandhisfr

iendsucceededin________theterriblefloodandtheyweretheonlytwo________.(survive)6．Therecent________treatmentshaveagreat___

_____ontherecoveryofthepatients________byCOVID­19.(affect)7．The________diseasehasaffectedmanypeopleandhascausedatl

east30________uptonow.(dead)8．Whenyouwritea________ofanarticle,________themainideaofeachpartisthefirststep.(summary)9．Shehasbee

n________fromthelossofmemorysinceshehadthatcaraccidentandher________isbeyonddescription.(suffer)10．Whenan________incident________，youcanimmediate

lycallthe________call.(emergency)二、短语填空sweepaway,onhand,cometoanend,thenumberof,intheopenair,inshock1．Thesum

mervacation____________atlastandwewouldreturntoschool.2．Hesaidtome____________，“Ourmonitorwonthefirstp

rizeinthecompetition.”3．WiththedevelopmentofChina,____________peoplestudyingChineseintheWestisincreasingrapidly.4．Whatmadeusfrustr

atedwasthatthefloods____________allthehouses.5．Itwasbecauseofanunexpectedrainthatwecouldn'tgoonapicnic____________．6．Hewantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuch

work____________thatIwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.三、补全句子1．每天我都非常焦虑，直到深夜才能睡着。(too...to...)Everyday___________________________

_____untillateintothenight.2．既紧张又害怕，我感觉如坐针毡。(asif引导的虚拟语气)Nervousandfrightened,Ifelt______________________________．3．我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(主语＋be＋adj.＋t

odo)Myhead__________________________________．4．想参加此次采摘活动的人被要求明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。(thosewho)___________________________

___arerequiredtogatherattheschoolgateat7：00amtomorrow.5．他正在河边散步，突然听见有人呼救。(bedoing...when...)________________________________heh

eardsomeonecryingforhelp.30分钟组合练一、阅读理解A篇Atthetimeofyearwhenthesun'sdailyappearanceisoftenshort­lived,thefollowingwarmplacesinWashingtonStateareyo

urfirstchoice.AlderbrookResort&SpaLessthanatwo­hourdrivefromSeattle,locatedontheedgeoftheHoodCanal,anature­filledretreat(僻静处)iswaving.

SealsslidealongthewatersoftheAlderbrookdock,playingagameof“GoFish”withdive­bombingseabirds.Asyousitontheshakingdockju

stminutesafterarrival,youarealreadyinaquieterworld.SuncadiaResortAmountainescapeawaitsjustoverthepassonI­90,about80

mileseastofSeattle.Theresort'sannualwinterfestivallastsuntilJanuary2,fullofholidaycelebrationsandwinterrecreation

s,fromcross­countyskiingandsnowmobiletourstoiceskatingandsnowshoetours.WillowsLodge20milesfromSeattle,thisluxurylodgeisnestle

dintothecenterofWoodinvilleWineCountry.SituatedonfivelandscapedacresthatbordertheSammamishRiver,theN

orthwest­stylelodgeiswithinwalkingdistanceofmorethan35tastingrooms.Whenyoustepintothelodge,firecracklesand

hotapplepiewelcomeyourarrivalwithacelebratoryair.Seattle­areaRetreatsSalishLodge&Spaisascenic30­minutedrive

fromSeattle,bringingyoutoalodgeintegratingtheold­worldatmosphereandmodernelegance.Getouttoenjoythesurroundingnature,hikingneartherush

ing270­foot­tallSnoqualmieFallsortryingactivitieslikesnowshoeing.HeadtoNorthBendforasliceofTwede'sCafestrawberrypie.1．Wherecanyougotosee

seaanimals?A．AlderbrookResort&Spa.B．SuncadiaResort.C．WillowsLodge.D．Seattle­areaRetreats.2．WhatcanyouenjoyatSuncadiaResort?A．Performancesofanim

als.B．Amonth­longfestival.C．Anexhibitionofsnowshoes.D．Snow­relatedactivities.3．WhatdoWillowsLodgeandSeattle­areaRetreatshav

eincommon?A．Theyfeaturewinetasting.B．Theyfocusonoutdooractivities.C．Theyservefoodmadefromfruits.D．Theyco

mbinetheancientandmoderntrends.B篇[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，D]OnMarch7，1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometo

beknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberof

independentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talways

thesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,r

esultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmo

retechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbecomec

orrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfi

ndingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaverag

esfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfr

omtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow­upstud

ywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.

Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitw

asn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedina

globalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsfor

groupdiscussionanddecision­makingareenormous.4．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofes

timation.B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.5．Navajas'studyfoundthattheaverageac

curacycouldincreaseevenif________．A．thecrowdswererelativelysmallB．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individuals

didnotcommunicateD．estimateswerenotfullyindependent6．Whatdidthefollow­upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups.B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thed

iscussionprocess.D．Theindividualestimates.7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?A.Unclear

.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.[答题区]题号1234567答案二、完形填空WhenRickHoytwasbornin1962hewasdiagnosedasaspasticquadri

plegicwithcerebralpalsy(伴有脑瘫的痉挛性四肢瘫痪者).DickandhiswifeJudywereadvisedtoinstitutionalizeRick,buttheychosetoincorporatehimin

communitylife.Inthespringof1977,Ricktoldhisfatherthathewantedto__1__a5­milebenefitrun.Farfrombeingalong­dista

ncerunner,Dick__2__topushRickinhiswheelchairandtheyfinishedall5miles,cominginnexttolast.Thatnight,Ricktoldhisfather,“Dad,whenIwasrunni

ng,itfeltlikeI'mnot__3__.”Thissuccesswasjustthebeginningofwhatwouldbecomeover1，000races__4__.The2009BostonMarathonw

asofficiallyTeamHoyt's1000thrace.Rickalwayssaysifitcomesdowntodoingone__5__ayearhewouldlikeittobetheBostonMarathon.2013wasgoingtobeTeamHoyt'sl

astBostonMarathontogether,buttheywerenotableto__6__duetotheterroristbombingatthefinishline.They__7__tobebackin2014tofin

ishtheracewithalltheotherrunners,whichtheydid,__8__manytimesalongthe26.2miles'distancetotakephotosandshakeha

ndswiththemanywell­wishers.Rickwasonce__9__，“Ifyoucouldgiveyourfatheronething,whatwoulditbe？”Rick__10__，“ThethingI'dmostlikeformydadistos

ithiminthechairandI__11__himtocompletearace.”Racinginsupportofothersinneed,sacrificingtheirtimeandenergyto__12__others,TeamHoytcontinuedinthatsame__

13__for37years.Theyprovedtoeveryonethatanythingcanbedonewithstubbornenough__14__，devotion,andaboveall,thebottomlessdep

thsof__15__thatcanbefoundonlyintheuniquebondbetweenafatherandhisson.1．A.participateinB．cheerforC．giveupD．lookat2．A.hatedB．pretendedC．happenedD

．agreed3．A.healthyB．strongC．disabledD．wealthy4．A.completedB．consideredC．arrangedD．suggested5．A.actionB．wishC．raceD．exercise6．A

.finishB．signC．followD．understand7．A.hurriedB．rememberedC．promisedD．hesitated8．A.walkingB．stoppingC．standingD．smiling9．A

.requestedB．supportedC．askedD．recommended10．A.deniedB．respondedC．readD．recalled11．A.pushB．thankC．welcomeD．greet12．A.encourageB．

affectC．informD．benefit13．A.competitionB．sportC．spiritD．position14．A.characterB．perseveranceC．strengthD．mind15．A.loveB．connectio

nC．relationshipD．sympathy[答题区]1～5________________6～10________________11～15________________