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2024学年郑州市宇华实验学校高二下学期开学摸底考试英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚；2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的

答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效；3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ＡHe

rearesomehostels(旅社)thatwillhelpyousavemoneywhenyou’retravelinginToronto,Canada.HIHostelTorontoHIHostelTorontoreal

lygetswhattravelersneed.Thehostelisinacentrallocationclosetoeverythingyouneed(shopping,restaurants,subwayandmore).It’sveryeasyto

meetpeopleherebecausethereisabarthathostslivemusic.Thebedsaresupercomfortablesoyoucanhaveagoodsleep.Freebreakfastisincluded.Bedsfrom$45everyn

ight.TwoPeasPodHostelTwoPeasPodHostelrunsastoreandacafé.Theyhaveasuperrooftop(屋顶)(youcanseetheCNTowerfromit)andaminimov

ietheater.Theirbedsaresupercoolandcomfortable.Theyhavelockersunderneaththemsoyoucankeepallyourthings

safe.It’salmostlikestayinginamodernhotelbutwiththefunofahostel.Enjoyagreatstaywithfreebreakfast.Bedsfr

om$59everynight.TheOnlyBackpacker’sInnThisisyourstandardbackpackerhostel.Theyhaveabarandacafé.There’snofreebreakfastbutthemoneyyousavemakesupforthat

.It’slocatednearthesubwaysoyoucaneasilygetaroundthecity.It’sagoodchoicefortravelerstomeetpeople.Bedsfrom$37everynight.TheParkdaleH

ostellerieThisisthemostaffordablehostelwithfreebreakfastinthecity.It’snotascentralastheotherhostelsbutthatalsomakesoneofi

tsadvantages:itisfarfromnoise.Thehostelisnotthemostmodernbutithasawelcoming,homeyfeel.Bedsfrom$26everynight.1．WhatcantravelersdoatH

IHostelToronto?A.Drinkcoffeeatacafé.B.Watchalivemusicshow.C.SeetheCNTowerontherooftop.D.Watchafilmataminimovie

theater.2．WhatmakesTheOnlyBackpacker’sInndifferentfromtheothers?A.Itrunsastoreandacafé.B.Itofferscomfortablebeds.C.Itdoesn’tofferfreebreakfast.D.I

t’sclosetopublictransportation.3．Whichhostelshouldyouchooseifyouwanttoliveinaquietplace?A.HIHostelToronto.B.

TwoPeasPodHostel.C.TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn.D.TheParkdaleHostellerie.ＢAstheCOVID-19appeared,manypeople’slifechanged.AtthebeginningofM

arch2020,Boylan,aprofessorofMedicineJonBae,wentfromworkingonsitetobeinganotherroleasahealtheconomicanalyst(分析家)ofDukeUniversit

yHealthSystem.Andamonthintothepandemic(流行病),hisdaughter,Elora,wasborn.ThepasttwoyearsdrewBoylanclosertohiswife,Katie,“Duringthetim

eofthepandemic,Iamnotoneofthosepeoplewhohavetimetolearnhowtobakebreadoranything,”Boylansaid.“Ithink,intermsofpersonalgrowth,Ihavele

arnedmuchabouthowtoliveahappylife.”ByOctoberof2020,thepandemichadlastedforseveralmonths,andMelanieThomaswasfeelingdow

n.“HowdoIhavearichandfulllifeduringthisspecialtimeandkeepapositiveattitude?”Thomasaskedherself.Shedecidedthatsheneededagoalt

hatshecouldworkoutuntiltheworldopenedup.Forthenextseveralmonths,Thomasbeganrunning,workingoutatasociallydistantgym,andwalkedasmuchasshecou

ldeveryday.WhilethetriptoNepalwasthegoal,theexercisetoprepareforitbecameacentralpieceofherself-careroutine.Afewweeksago,MaryAtkinso

nbeganspendingtheremainingdaylightafterworksettingupagardenintheyardofherGreensborohome.Sheaswellashertwo-year-oldson,West,oft

enplayedtherewiththesandandhistoytruck.“Thisissomethingthatneverhappenedbeforethepandemic,anditgivesmuchhappinesstous,”saidAtkinson.Durin

gthepandemic,JohnCarbuccia,insteadofeatinglunchoutorgrabbingmealsintheuniversitycanteen,foundhimselfeatinghomemadebreakfasts,lunchesanddinners.Scram

bledeggswithvegetablesorsimplypreparedsalmonfilletsaresomeofhiscurrentfavorites.Andwithouthavingtorushtothecompany,hewalk

sandrunsaroundhisneighborhoodbeforeandafterworkathome.4．HowwasBoylanaffectedbythepandemic?A.Hebecameacoo

kingmaster.B.Hisincometurnedtobeuncertain.C.Helosthisjob.D.Hehadabetterunderstandingoflivinghappily.5．WhatdidThomasmainlyd

oduringthepandemic?A.ShevisitedNepal.B.Shelostweight.C.Shedidexercise.D.Shelearnedonline.6．WhatbenefitdidthegardenbuiltbyAtkinsonbringtoher?A.It

savedmuchspaceforstoringsand.B.Itprovidedcomfortableofficespace.C.Itofferedagoodenvironmentforsports，D.Itimprovedthepa

rent-childrelationship.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thefeaturesofworkingfromhome.B.Tipsonhowtofightagain

stthepandemic.C.Thechangeofpeople’slifeduringthepandemic.D.Anexperimentinstudyingthemeaningoflife.ＣWhenyoupraisead

og,it’slisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyousaythem.Thatmightnotbehugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchers

haveexploredthisphenomenonbyusinganimagingmachinetolookinsidethebrainsof13dogsastheylistenedtotheirowners’voice.Ther

ewardpathwayinthedogs’brainslitupwhentheyheardbothpraisingwordsandanapprovingintonation(语调)—butnotwhentheyheardrandom

(随机的)wordsspokeninapraisingtoneorpraisingwordsspokeninaflattone,accordingtotheresearchers.“Dogsdealwithbothwhatwesayandhowwesayitinawaywhichi

samazinglysimilartohowhumansdoit,”saysAttilaAndics,aneuroscientistinHungary.Whendogshearspeech,heexplains,theyseemtoseparatethemeaningo

fwordsfromtheintonation.Thenthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebraindealswithmeaning,whileintonationisdealtwithintherighth

emisphere.Allthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomoveinthescanner(扫描器).Thedogscould

getupandleavethemachinewhenevertheywanted.Butitwascleartothedogsthattheirhumancompanionsloveditwhentheydidthisveryeasytask.“Theywerereal

lyhappytotakepart,”saysAndics.“Thedifficultyofthetrainingwasthattheycan’tmovemorethan3millimetersinanydirection,oth

erwisewewillhavetothrowoutallofthedata.”Hesaysmostdogownershaveexperimentedwithtryingto“trick”theirdogsbysayingnons

ensewordsinacheerful,happytoneofvoice.“Ithinkthebigdifferencehereisthattheyonlyheardus,andtheydidn’tseeus,”saysAndics,becausethedogswer

einsidethemachine.“Here,theonlyinformationtheyhadwasthespeechsignal.Whatwesawisthatforpraisetobedealtwithasareward,whenthereisnoothersupporti

nginformation,bothwordmeaningandintonationhavetofit.”8．Whatisregardedasarewardbydogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Praisingwordsinaflattone.B.Ra

ndomwordsinaflattone.C.Praisingwordsinapraisingtone.D.Randomwordsinapraisingtone.9．Howdodogsdealwithwhattheyhear?A.Focusmoreonthemeaning.B.Focusmore

ontheintonation.C.Useinformationfromtheirpeers.D.Usethetwopartsofthebrain.10．WhatisahardpartofthetraininginAndics’opinio

n?A.Lookingintothedogs’brainactivity.B.Trainingdogstostaystillinthemachine.C.Keepingdogsseparatedfromtheirowners.D.Askingdogstogetupandleavethesca

nner.11．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DogsUnderstandToneandMeaningofWordsB.DogsIndeedKnowHowtoPraiseC.DogsCanRecognizeOw

ners’VoicesD.DogsCanReadMan’sMoodsＤWhatdowemeanwhenwetalkaboutrepair?Themostcommonlyrepaireditemsathomearewoodenfurnitureandt

ablelampsandothersmalllights,butmanypeopleexpressalevelofdiscomfortforlackofknowledgeabouttheskillsrequiredtorepairthem.However,welive

inatimewhenmanyoftheobjectswebuycomewithlimitedlifespans(寿命)—especiallytechnologicalandelectricalgoods.Althoughsomeobjectsmayre

quirespecialistaid,plentyofwornthingsaroundthehomecanberepairedthere,ifyouknowwhatyou’redoing.“Onehundredyearsago,

everyoneneededtorepairthingsthemselves,”anexpertsays.“Somanypeoplehadtheskills,andtheywerepasseddownfromgenerationt

ogeneration.Andnotonlytheskills,butalsothetools.Thetoolsalmostbecamethememoriesofthatrepairandcarriedtheirownstories.”Repairoftenfeelspleasa

ntbecauseitisamomentoffixing.Theholescanbefilled.Thegapswillbesmoothedover.Thelanguageofrepairhasgreatsignificanceindescribingthings:mending,fixing,r

estoring,rebuilding,piecingtogether.Allarewordsweusefortheobjectsaroundus,butalsoonesweapplytooursel

ves.Wefeelalittlehappyintheideathatfewthingsaretrulybeyondsalvage.Repairisattractiveformanyreasons.Ithelpsusthinkabouthowtocaref

orthethingsweown.Itmakesusmindfulofwhatwewaste,andwhatweshouldholdonto.Itremindsustobendincloserandseethechanges,thepointswher

etheneedlewentthroughthesurfaceandpulledtogethersomethingnew.12．Howdomanypeoplefeelwhenitcomestorepairingthings?A.Ver

yconfident.B.Alittlescared.C.Particularlyinterested.D.Slightlyuneasy.13．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Mostwornthingsneedtoberepa

iredbyspecialists.B.Therepairingtoolswereoncepasseddownforgenerations.C.Wordsaboutrepairingcannotbeusedforpeople

.D.Theprocessofrepairingisoftendisappointing.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“salvage”meaninparagraph3?A.Reach.B.De

scription.C.Repair.D.Reason.15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsrepair?A.Indifferent.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Curious.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从

短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtoimproveyourimmune(免疫)healthAsthetemperaturesdropandfluandcoldse

asonapproaches,weneedtostartthinkingaboutlookingafterourimmunehealth.____16_____.Thesefoodsarerichinm

icronutrientssuchasVitaminCandzinc,whichsupporthealthyimmunefunction.Somewaysplant-basednutritioncanimprov

eyourimmunesystem.____17_____Therelationshipbetweensmokingand/orexcessivealcoholconsumptionandharmfulimmune-relate

dhealtheffectsiswelldocumented.Avoidbreathinginanymaterialthatmightbeharmtothelungs,includingvaping（电子烟）.Trytoreduceriskymaterialssuchasalcohol

asthesehaveanegativeimpactonimmunehealth.GetseventoninehoursrestorativesleepeverydayThereisstrongevidencethatsleepimp

rovesimmunedefence.Trytoaimforbetweensevenandninehoursofgoodquality,restorativesleepeverynight.Improvin

gsleepoftenstartsbyfocusingonyourdailyhabits,routinesandbedroomenvironment.____18_____.Stresslessandspendmoretimewithothers

Stresspromotesinflammation（炎症）andreducesyourdefenceagainstinfection.Meditation,agratitudepractice,yogaorbreathworkcanallhelplowe

rlevelsofcortisol,themainstresshormone.____19_____,whetheritisvolunteeringinthecommunity,pickinguptheshoppingfo

ranelderlyneighbour,nurturingyourfriendshipsormakingqualitytimeforyourfriendsandfamily.Bephysicallyactiveeveryday____20___

__.Besides,itcanhelpmaintainhealthybodyweightandprotectagainstavarietyofdiseasesincludingviralandbacterialinfecti

ons.Aimtobephysicallyactiveeverydayfor30-60minutesperday.Adultsneedatleast150minutesofmoderateintensityaerob

icactivityeachweektoacquirethemosthealthbenefitsfromphysicalactivity.A.TakeexerciseeachdayB.ItisimportanttoseekadviceC.Avoi

dsmokingandreducealcoholD.DeveloparelaxingbedtimeroutineE.RelationshipsalsoplayakeyroleinourhealthF.Re

gularexerciseimproveshealthandlowersbloodpressureG.Thismeansenjoyingadietbasedaroundfruitandvegetables第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分

15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。FormostofmylifeIhadlivedintheblackandLatinocommunity.Neitherofmyparentshadgr

aduatedfrommiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilytoeverenteracollegecampus.Bycontrast,mostofmy21camefromgenerationsofwel

leducatedfamilyandhadgrownupin22whitesuburbs.Inthecollege,23sharingwithothershowIwasfeeling,IclosedmyselfandthoughtIcouldgetthroughitifIjust2

4study.However,duringtheweeksbeforethewinterbreak,IfinallydecidedIwoulddropout.25,thatwasn’ttheendofthestory.Ifou

nd26andguidancetocontinuetofinishmycollege.Consultingprovidedmewithspaceto27myemotions.Myconsultantprovidedmew

ithbooksandother28tounderstandwhatIwasexperiencingandshehelpedmefeelpowerful.Volunteeringwithacampusorganizat

ionprovidedmewithaconstant29ofwhyIwasincollege.Myinteractionswithstudents,whoremindedmesomuchofmyownfriendsathome,inspiredmetoworkfor

30tohighereducationforlowincomeyouth.Ialso31inasummerurbanprogram,whereIcooperatedwithagroupofstudentleaderstostartaconferencetotalkabout32ofraceandc

lass.33ispower.Ireadbooksandchosecoursestolearnmoreabouttopics34toimmigration,race,socialclassandurb

aneducation.Thesecoursesandbookshelpedme35amuchdeeperunderstandingofmyownracialexperiencesofoppression

.Mostimportantly,IwasequippedwiththeknowledgeIneededtoworkagainstinjusticeandinequality.21．A.teachersB.classmatesC.colleaguesD.neighbors

22．A.complexB.remoteC.richD.ordinary23．A.InsteadofB.RegardlessofC.AheadofD.Apartfrom23．A.reliedonB.focusedonC.gaveupD.tookup25．A.UnusuallyB.Posi

tivelyC.InstantlyD.Fortunately26．A.curiosityB.comfortC.strengthD.intention27．A.adjustB.expressC.controlD.relieve28．A.t

rainingB.motivationC.creditsD.resources29．A.ambitionB.reminderC.memoryD.practice30．A.approachesB.guidesC.subscriptionD.access31．A.entered

B.absorbedC.attendedD.participated32．A.suggestionsB.messagesC.issuesD.examples33．A.ConfidenceB.KnowledgeC.BraveryD.Construction34．A.

exposedB.appliedC.introducedD.related35．A.gainB.linkC.showD.experience第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的

正确形式。Thehumoreffectisacognitivebias(认知偏差)thatcausespeopletorememberinformationbetterwhentheyregarditash

umorous.Forexample,whenstudents36_________(teach)anewconceptinahumorousway,suchasthroughafunnystory,they

’regenerallymorelikelytorememberthatconcept,comparedtoiftheylearnitinanon-humorousmanner.Informationthathasthesameeffect3

7_________conceptsincludeswords,sentences,pictures,and38_________(mix)information,suchascartoonsandvideos.Humorhasvariousotherbenefitsbes

idesimprovingmemory.Humorreducesnegativeemotions,suchas39_________(angry)oranxiety,whichpeoplemightexperiencewhenproce

ssingcertaininformation.Humor40_________(lead)toincreasedinterest.Addinghumortotheinformationthatyou’represent

ingcanmakeitmoreinterestingandappealingtoothers.Forexample,41_________(advertisement)thatusehumorreceivemo

reattentionfrompeople.Humor,when42_________(proper)usedintherightcircumstances,canimproveotherpeople’simp

ressionofyou.Forexample,43_________(include)humorinaspeechcanpositivelyimpactthewayin44_________listenersunderstandthespeaker.Similarly,usin

ghumorcanimprovepeople’simpressionofyourwarmth45_________competence,especiallywhenyoucombineitwithnegativeinformati

onthatyouneedtotell.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假如你是李华，你的留学生朋友小明给你写信表示在学习英语方面遇到一些障碍，他来信向你请教，请你给他写封回信。内容包括：主要内容：1.写信目的；2

.你的建议；3.你的祝愿。注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。____________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续

写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Once,myunclebroughthomeacutelittlebabyparrot.Atfirst,Iandmycousinswerealittlescared,

becausewedidn’tknowhowtohandlethatlittletenderbaby.Myaunteventuallyhelpedusout.Shetookitandkeptitjustasherbaby.Shefedit,shegaveitocca

sionalshowersandeventuallywebecamequitecomfortablewithit.Nowtherewasanotherdilemma(困境)thatwehad—aswewerenotreallyawareofitsgender(性别)w

ewereunabletodecideanamefortheparrot.SofinallymymomcalleditMitthu.Weagreed.Asitwasgrowing,itswingssta

rtedgrowinglong,butmyfamilywastoopossessive(占有欲强的)andcaringtowardsMitthuthattheytrimmed(修剪)itswings.Theysaidifitflew,itwouldn’tbeabletosurvive

outside.Astimewentby,wegrew,sodidMitthu...Ithadbynowstartedtalkingquitealot...Iwasamazedbythewaymyauntcaredforit.Shefeditany

thingandeverythingtheyhadbeforeeating.Mitthuwasneverkeptinacagefromthebeginning...itisstillnotkeptinaeage...atfirst

itswingsweretrimmedtoprotectit...butnowasithasgrownquitealot,evenitswingsarenottrimmed...Isometimeswonder,it

hasthewholeskytofly,itisneitherinacagenoritswingsaretrimmed,thenwhyisn’titflyingatall?Maybeitisnowquiteattachedtousanddoe

sn’twanttoleaveus,ormaybeitdoesn’twanttoleavethiscomfortablelifeandgoawayandfacethehardrealityoflife.Theanswermaybeanything,dependingonhowwe

viewthesituation.ButasIgrewolder,IrealizedthatthelifeofMitthuisnotreallyverydifferentfromthatofmine.Iwascaredtooandthuswasprotectedfrom

reallygettingalongwithoutsideworld.Imademyhousemyworld,justasitwastaughttome.IguesssodidMitthu.Thecomfortofmyhopebecame,andIguessMitthu’saswell,t

heinvisiblechainthatneveractuallywillletusfly.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。IguessnotjustI,butmostofthegirlsfeelthesame.________

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arrotflewtoday.____________________________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________英语•参考答案第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)1．答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据HIHo

stelToronto部分中“It’sveryeasytomeetpeopleherebecausethereisabarthathostslivemusic.(在这里很容易遇到朋友，因为这里有一个举办现场音乐演出的酒吧。)”可知，在这里很容易遇到朋友，因为这

里有一个举办现场音乐演出的酒吧。故选B。2．答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据HIHostelToronto部分中的“Freebreakfastisincluded.(包括免费早餐)”和TwoPeasPodHostel中

的“Enjoyagreatstaywithfreebreakfast.(享受免费早餐的美好住宿)”以及TheParkdaleHostellerie中的“Thisisthemostaffordablehostelwithfreebreakfasti

nthecity.(这是该市最实惠的免费早餐旅馆)”和TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn部分中“There’snofreebreakfastbutthemoneyyousavemakesupforthat.(没有免费的早餐，但你省下的钱弥补了这一

点。)”可推知，TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn的不同之处在于它不提供免费的早餐。故选C。3．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据TheParkdaleHostellerie部分中“It’snotascentralastheotherhostelsbutthatalsomakeson

eofitsadvantages:itisfarfromnoise.(它不像其他青年旅社那样位于市中心，但这也是它的优势之一：远离噪音。)”可知，ParkdaleHostellerie是一个安静的旅社。故

选D。4．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二自然段“ThepasttwoyearsdrewBoylanclosertohiswife,Katie,“Duringthetimeofthepandemic,Iamnotoneofthos

epeoplewhohavetimetolearnhowtobakebreadoranything,”Boylansaid.“Ithink,intermsofpersonalgrowth,Ihavelearnedmuchabouthowtolivea

happylife.”(过去的两年拉近了博伊兰与妻子凯蒂的距离，博伊兰说：“在疫情期间，我不是那种有时间学习如何烤面包或其他东西的人。我认为，就个人成长而言，我学到了很多关于如何过幸福生活的知识。”)”可知，疫情让Boylan对幸福生活有了更好的理

解。故选D。5．答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Forthenextseveralmonths,Thomasbeganrunning,workingoutatasociallydistant

gym,andwalkedasmuchasshecouldeveryday.(在接下来的几个月里，托马斯开始跑步，在社交距离较远的健身房锻炼，每天尽可能多地走路。)”可知，托马斯在疫情期间主要做了运动。故

选C。6．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Sheaswellashertwo-year-oldson,West,oftenplayedtherewiththesandandhistoytruck.“Thisiss

omethingthatneverhappenedbeforethepandemic,anditgivesmuchhappinesstous,”saidAtkinson.她和她两岁的孩子在维斯特经常在那里玩沙子和他的玩具卡车。阿特金森说：“这是疫

情之前从未发生过的事情，它给了我们很多幸福。”)”可知，阿特金森建造的花园改善了她和孩子的亲子关系。故选D。7．答案：C解析：主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“AstheCOVID-19appeared,manypeople’slifechan

ged.(随着新冠肺炎的出现，许多人的生活发生了变化。)”可知，本文主要讲了疫情期间人们生活的变化。故选C。8．答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Therewardpathwayinthedogs’brainslitupwhenthe

yheardbothpraisingwordsandanapprovingintonation(语调)(当狗听到赞扬的话语和赞许的语调时，它们大脑中的奖赏通路会被激活)”可知，当狗听到用赞赏的语调说的表扬的话时，其脑内的奖赏通路会被

激活，这被狗视为奖励。故选C项。9．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“theyseemtoseparatethemeaningofwordsfromtheintonation.Thenthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrainprocesse

smeaning,whileintonationisanalyzedintherighthemisphere.(它们似乎把单词的意思和语调分开了。然后，大脑左半球处理意思，而语调由右半球分析。)”可知，狗在大脑的不同半球对话语的含义和说话的语调分别进行分析。故选D。10．答案：

B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Allthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomoveinthescanner(扫描器).(研究中的所有狗都是自愿的志愿者，并被训练不在扫描仪中移动)”及“T

hedifficultaspectofthetrainingwasconvincingthedogsthat‘motionless’meansreallymotionless.Theycan’tmovemorethan3millimetersinanydire

ction,otherwisewewillhavetothrowoutallofthedata.(训练的困难之处在于让狗相信‘不动’意味着真的不动。它们不能向任何方向移动超过3毫米，否则我们将不得不扔掉所有的数据。)”可知，研究过程中，狗被要求在扫描仪器中待着不动，这是训练中的难点。故

选B项。11．答案：A解析：主旨大义题。文章开头通过“Whenyoupraiseadog,it'slisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyousaythem.Thatmightn

otbehugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchershaveexploredthisphenomenon…(当你表扬一只狗时，它不仅在听你说的话，还在听你怎么说。这对狗主人来说可能不是什么大新闻。但现在研究人员对这一现象进行了探索……)”引入话题：

狗能理解人说话的语气和含义，研究者对此进行了研究。接着，下文介绍了该研究的内容和结论，故A项“狗能理解语言的语气和含义”适合作本文标题。故选A项。12．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Themostcommonlyrepaireditemsathomearewood

enfurnitureandtablelampsandothersmalllights,butmanypeopleexpressalevelofdiscomfortforlackofknowledgea

bouttheskillsrequiredtorepairthem.(家里最常修理的物品是木制家具、台灯和其他小灯，但许多人表示，由于缺乏修理所需技能的知识，他们感到一定程度的不适。)”可知，人们在修理东西的时候会因为缺乏知识而在一定程度上会感到不安。故选D项。13．答案：B解析：细节理解题

。根据文章第二段“Somanypeoplehadtheskills,andtheywerepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Andnotonlytheskills,butalsotheto

ols.(很多人都有这种技能，他们一代一代地传了下来。不仅是技能，还有工具。)”可知，修理工具和修理技能一样，很多都是代代相传。故选B项。14．答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thelanguageofrepa

irhasgreatsignificanceindescribingthings:mending,fixing,restoring,rebuilding,piecingtogether.Allarewordsweusefortheobjectsaro

undus,butalsoonesweapplytoourselves.(修复的语言在描述事物时具有重要意义：修补、固定、恢复、重建、拼凑。这些词都是我们用来形容周围事物的，但也都是我们用来形容自己的。)”可知，作者认为很多事情和人都是可以修复、修补的，并且后文“Wefeelalit

tlehappyintheideathatfewthingsaretrulybeyondsalvage.(想到很少有东西是真正无法挽救的，我们感到有点高兴。)”可知，想到很少有东西是无法_____的会感到高兴，作者想要表

达的意思应该和前文“修复、修补”相近或相同。A.reach到达；B.description描述；C.repair修理；D.reason原因。故选C项。15．答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Repairisattractiveform

anyreasons.(修理有很多吸引人的原因。)”可知，作者认为修理很吸引人，是一件有趣的事情，可以推出作者对修理这件事持有积极的态度。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)答案：16—20：GCDEF解析：16.根据下文“Thesefoodsarerichinmic

ronutrientssuchasVitaminCandzinc,whichsupporthealthyimmunefunction.(这些食物富含微量营养素，如维生素C和锌，可以支持健康的免疫功能。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是有良好的饮

食习惯，所吃的食物能够提高免疫力。G.Thismeansenjoyingadietbasedaroundfruitandvegetables.(这意味着享受以水果和蔬菜为主的饮食。)说明的是以水果和蔬菜为主的饮食，能够引出下文，符合语境。

故选G。17.根据下文“Therelationshipbetweensmokingand/orexcessivealcoholconsumptionandharmfulimmune-relatedhealtheffectsiswelldocumente

d.(吸烟和/或过度饮酒与有害的免疫相关健康影响之间的关系已得到充分证明。)”可知，本段说明的是吸烟和/或者过度饮酒有害免疫系统。C.Avoidsmokingandreducealcohol(避免吸烟，减少饮酒)能够作为本段的主题句，符合语境。故选C。18.根据上文“Imp

rovingsleepoftenstartsbyfocusingonyourdailyhabits,routinesandbedroomenvironment.(改善睡眠通常从关注你的日常习惯、常规和卧室环境开始。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是

与睡眠、生活习惯有关。D.Developarelaxingbedtimeroutine(养成放松的就寝习惯)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。19.根据下文“whetheritisvolunteeringinthecommunity,pickinguptheshoppingforan

elderlyneighbour,nurturingyourfriendshipsormakingqualitytimeforyourfriendsandfamily.(无论是在社区做志愿者，为年老的邻居买东西，培养你的友谊，还是和你的朋友和家人共度美好时光。)”可知

，空格处应该说明的是人与人之间的关系，或者是与他们相处对健康的关系。E.Relationshipsalsoplayakeyroleinourhealth(人际关系对我们的健康也起着关键作用)说明的是人际关系对健康的作用，能够引出

下文，符合语境。故选E。20.根据本段的主题“Bephysicallyactiveeveryday(每天锻炼身体)”以及下文“Besides,itcanhelpmaintainhealthybodyweigh

tandprotectagainstavarietyofdiseasesincludingviralandbacterialinfections.(此外，它可以帮助保持健康的体重和防止各种疾病，包括病毒和细菌感染。)”可知，空格处应该说明的是锻炼有关的好处。F.Re

gularexerciseimproveshealthandlowersbloodpressure(有规律的运动可以增进健康，降低血压)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)21．答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句

意：相比之下，我的同学大都出身富裕的郊区家庭，那里以白人为主，他们往上几代家族成员都接受过良好的教育。A.teachers老师；B.classmates同学；C.colleagues同事；D.neighbors邻居。根据“Neitherofmyparentshadgradu

atedfrommiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilytoeverenteracollegecampus.”可知，这里对比的是和作者同身份的学生。故选B项。22．答案：C解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，我的同学大都出身富裕

的郊区家庭，那里以白人为主，他们往上几代家族成员都接受过良好的教育。A.complex复杂的；B.remote遥远的；C.rich富的；D.ordinary普通的。根据前文的“MostofmylifeIhadlivedin

aBlackandLatinocommunity.”可知，作者的家境一般，通过本句的“Bycontrast”可知，与作者相反，同学们的家境富裕，故选C项。23．答案：A解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：我没有与人分享心中的烦闷，而是

将自己封闭起来，专注学习，希望以此能熬过艰难的求学生涯。A.Insteadof而不是；B.Regardlessof不管；C.Aheadof在...前；D.Apartfrom除了。后文的“closedmyself”与“sharingwithothers

”形成反差，可知，此处应该意为“而是，作为……的替换”。故选A项。24．答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我没有与人分享心中的烦闷，而是将自己封闭起来，专注学习，希望以此能熬过艰难的求学生涯。A.reliedon依赖；B.focu

sedon聚焦于，专注于；C.gaveup放弃；D.tookup占用。通过前文“thoughtIcouldgetthroughit”可知，作者渴望通过专注于学习来熬过艰难的求学生涯。故选B项。25．答案：D解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，故事还没有结束。A.

Unusually不同寻常地；B.Positively积极地；C.Instantly立刻；D.Fortunately幸运地。上一句提到“dropout”指出作者决定退学，后文“wasn’ttheendofthestory”说明一切并未结束。可知，此句与上一

句构成转折关系，说明作者是幸运的。故选D项。26．答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我找到了继续完成大学学业的力量和向导。A.curiosity好奇心；B.comfort舒适；C.strength强度，力量；D.intention打算。通过文章标题，

以及后文中多次提到的“power”，可以推断出这里作者找到了心中的“力量”。故选C项。27．答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理咨询为我提供了一个表达情绪的空间。A.adjust调整，适应；B.express表达；C.control控制；D.

relieve缓解。通过后文“shehelpedmefeelpowerful”可知心理咨询师帮助作者变得强大，为作者提供了表达问题的空间。故选B项。28．答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：咨询师为我推荐书籍和其他资源，让我正视当下的经历，帮助我变得强大起来。A.

training培训；B.motivation动机；C.credits学分，信用；D.resources资源。通过前面的“books”可知，心理咨询师为作者推荐书籍和其他资源。故选D项。29．答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意

：我自愿参加了学校的一个组织，这让我不断回想起自己进入大学的初衷。A.ambition追求的目标；B.reminder提醒；C.memory记忆；D.practice实践。此处作者想表达参加社团提醒了自己回想起进入大学的初衷。故选B项。30．答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我与学生的互动，

让我想起了我在家里的朋友，激励我为低收入青年获得高等教育的机会而努力。A.approaches接近；B.guides指导；C.subscription订阅；D.access通道，入径。根据设空处前的“workfo

r”以及后文的“highereducationforlow-incomeyouth”可知，作者想要为低收入青年接受高等教育而努力，让他们有机会接受高等教育。故选D项。31．答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还参与了夏季城市项目，与一群学生领袖合作，发起专题讨论，探讨种族和阶级问题。A.en

tered进入；B.absorbed吸收；C.attended出席；D.participated参与。根据下文“whereIcooperatedwithagroupofstudentleaderstostartaconference”可知，我还参与了夏季城市项目。固定词组getinvolved

in意为“参与”，这里表示作者参与了夏季城市项目。故选D项。32．答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还参与了夏季城市项目，与一群学生领袖合作，发起专题讨论，探讨种族和阶级问题。A.suggestions建议；B.messages消息；C.issues问题；D.examples示例。通过前

文“startaconference”以及后文“ofraceandclass”可知，作者与学生们针对一个专题进行了讨论。故选C项。33．答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：知识就是力量。A.Confidence信心；B.Knowledge知识；C.B

ravery勇敢；D.Construction建设。本句是本段的总结句，根据下文“Ireadbooksandchosecoursestolearn”可知，知识就是力量。故选B项。34．答案：D解析：考查动词

词义辨析。句意：我阅读书籍，有意选择课程，以了解更多有关移民、种族、社会阶层和城市教育的话题。A.exposed暴露；B.applied应用；C.introduced介绍；D.related联系。根据前文“Ireadbooksandintentionallychosecoursestole

arnmoreabouttopics”以及后文“immigration,race,socialclassandurbaneducation”可知，作者有意了解与移民、种族、社会阶层和城市教育有联系的话题。berelatedto意为“与……相关的”。故选D项。

35．答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些书籍和课程让我对自己遭受种族压迫的经历得到了深刻的理解。A.gain获得；B.link连接；C.show显示；D.experience经验，体验。根据前文的“helped”

以及后文“amuchdeeperunderstandingofmyownracialexperiencesofoppression”可知，作者对于自己的经历得到了深刻理解。故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小

题1.5分，满分15分)答案：36.aretaught；37.on；38.mixed；39.anger；40.leads；41.advertisements；42.properly；43.including；44.which；45.and解析：36.考查时态语态。句意：

例如，当学生以幽默的方式学习一个新概念时，比如通过一个有趣的故事，与以非幽默的方式学习相比，他们通常更容易记住这个概念。时间状语从句的主语students与谓语teach构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时

，主语为复数名词，谓语用复数。故填aretaught。37.考查介词。句意：对概念有相同影响的信息包括单词、句子、图片和混合信息，如漫画和视频。表示“对……有同样影响”短语为havethesameeffe

cton。故填on。38.考查形容词。句意：对概念有相同影响的信息包括单词、句子、图片和混合信息，如漫画和视频。修饰后文名词information应用形容词mixed，意为“混合的”。故填mixed。39.考查名词。句意：幽默可以减少人们在处理某些信息时可能会经历的负面情绪，比如愤

怒或焦虑。作介词的宾语，应用名词anger，不可数，与anxiety并列。故填anger。40.考查时态。句意：幽默能增加兴趣。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Humor，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填leads。41.考查名词的数。句意：例如，使用幽默的广

告更受人们的关注。根据从句中use为原型，可知此处advertisement用复数。故填advertisements。42.考查副词。句意：幽默，如果在适当的场合使用得当，可以改善别人对你的印象。修饰动词used应用副词properly，故

填properly。43.考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，在演讲中加入幽默可以对听众理解演讲者的方式产生积极影响。作句子的主语，应用动名词形式。故填including。44.考查定语从句。句意：例如，在演讲中加入幽默可以对听众理解演讲者的方式产生积极影响。此处

为“介词+关系代词”结构修饰先行词way，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。45.考查连词。句意：同样，使用幽默可以改善人们对你的热情和能力的印象，尤其是当你把它与你需要告诉的负面信息结合在一起时。此处warmth与competence为并列关

系，应用连词and。故填and。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46．答案：DearXiaoMing,HearingthatyouhavedifficultyinlearningEnglish,I’mw

ritingtogiveyousomepracticaladviceaboutit.First,youcanlistentosomeEnglishteachers’lecturesaboutpronunciationandsen

tencestructures.Second,you’dbetterlearnfromyourEnglishfriendsandtrytocommunicatewiththem.Third,readingsomeEnglishclassicworksisagoodchoice.

Lastbutnotleast,payattentiontothespellingsofEnglishwordsandpractisewritingadiaryeveryday.Isincerelyhopemysuggestionsarehel

pfulforyou.Meanwhile,tryyourbesttomakeprogressinEnglishasquicklyaspossible.Yours,LiHua解析：1.词汇积累首先：first→firstofall/initially最后：las

tbutnotleast→finally/lastly真诚地：sincerely→genuinely与此同时：meanwhile→atthesametime2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：First,youcanlistentos

omeEnglishteachers’lecturesaboutpronunciationandsentencestructures.拓展句：First,youcanlistentosomeEnglishteachers’lectureswhichareabout

pronunciationandsentencestructures.【高分句型1】HearingthatyouhavedifficultyinlearningEnglish,I’mwritingtogiveyousomepracticaladvi

ceaboutit.（运用了现在分词作状语和that连接的宾语从句）【高分句型2】Isincerelyhopemysuggestionsarehelpfulforyou.（运用了省略连接词that引导的宾语从句）第二节(满分25分)47．答案：Onepossibleversion:Igue

ssnotjustI,butmostofthegirlsfeelthesame.Weareafraidofflying.Weareafraidwemighthurtourparents’feelings.Weareafraidwemightenduphurtingthem

ifwetakeourowndecisions.Howsimilarourlivesare!IandMitthumightbetwodifferentbeingsbuttrappedinasimilarsituation.Thebaggageoffeel

ings,emotionsandattachmentwillneverreallyallowustoflyindependently!Theparrotflewtoday.Itfinallyfreeditselfintruesense

.Everyoneathomeissad.Mycousinshavestoppedeating,andtheyarecontinuouslycrying.Maybetheyarenotoldenoughtounderstandthetruem

eaningoffreedomsotheyareunabletounderstandMitthuandaresadatlosingit.ButIamhappyforMitthu.Iwishtogettheequal

couragesoon.Dearparents,it’sgoodtoloveandprotectyourchild.Butsometimesoverprotectivenessmightharmtheirfuture,anditmightinfluencethe

irdecisionsinfuture.Sonowtheparrotisreallyfree!解析：1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我猜想这不仅是我这样认为，所有的女孩子都会这样想。”可知，第一段可描写作者对现在的生活感悟到了什么，要结合鹦鹉现在的生活

与作者的相似点。②由第二段首句内容“今天鹦鹉飞走了。”可知，第二段可描写看到鹦鹉飞走后家人的反应以及作者的感受。2.续写线索：女孩们害怕独立的原因——与鹦鹉舒适生活的比较——鹦鹉飞走——家人与作者的感受——作者对成长的感悟3.词汇激活行为类①伤害：hurt/damage/harm②被困：b

etrappedin/bestuckin③大哭：cry/burstintotears情绪类①害怕的：afraid/scared/frightened②伤心的：sad/heart-broken/sorrowful【点睛】[高分句型1].Wearea

fraidwemightenduphurtingthemifwetakeourowndecisions.（运用了宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）[高分句型2].Howsimilarourlivesare!（运用了感

叹句）[高分句型3].MaybetheyarenotoldenoughtounderstandthetruemeaningoffreedomsotheyareunabletounderstandMitthuandaresadatlosingit.（运用了不定式作结果状语以及so连接表因果关系的并列

句）