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练习13阅读理解＋读后续写授课提示：对应学生用书30页Ⅰ.阅读理解A2024·浙江1月，D议论文310词★★★☆☆TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconducte

dbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selecte

dbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegiv

enasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow­upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoo

btainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We'renottemptedbysugarytreats

,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshma

llowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie­poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetrea

tsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe'vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyred

ucingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstrugglet

oresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn'teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation­p

oor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombar

ded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutouri

nformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.语篇类型：议论文主

题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——儿童棉花糖实验的启示【语篇解读】文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点——身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。1．

WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel'stest?A．Takeanexaminationalone.B．Showrespectfortheresearchers.C．Sharetheirt

reatswithothers.D．Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.答案与解析：D理解具体信息。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实验的介绍中的“Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutes

beforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二份奖励，故选D项。2．AccordingtoParagraph

3,thereisamismatchbetween________．A．thecalorie­poorworldandourgoodappetitesB．theshortageofsugarandour

nutritionalneedsC．therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrainsD．thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit答案与解析：C理解具

体信息。根据题干中“mismatch”这一关键词将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“Butaswe'vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,w

estillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheart...weshouldn'teat”。由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的

大脑仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，故选C项。A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”；B项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”；C项“充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑”；D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持

健康所做的努力”。3．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A．Beselectiveinformationconsumers.B．Absorbnewinformationreadily.C．Usediverseinformationsources.D

．Protecttheinformationenvironment.答案与解析：B推断。根据最后一段中的“Therefore...wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptat

ionofthemental‘junkfood’inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively”可知，作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信息诱惑，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推断出，作者建议读者要做有选择的

信息消费者，故选B项。A项“欣然接受新信息”；C项“使用多样化的信息源”；D项“保护信息环境”。4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EatLess,ReadMoreB．TheBitt

erTruthaboutEarlyHumansC．TheLater,theBetterD．TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups答案与解析：D理解文章主旨要义。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最初针对幼儿

园孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息大环境下，我们成年人也应该要学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故选D项。B2024·浙江1月，B记叙文329

词★★★☆☆Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsinten

dedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpr

esssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeit__seemabitmore“youngprofe

ssional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobi

lephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady'smanagingagent,andhad

asparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldh

ardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturne

dintoa“minicommunitylibrary”：anypasser­bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection

.Forafewmonthsafterthe“library”opened,Ididn'tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheeselov

estories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andtheseboo

kswerefree.ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI'vedis

coveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,nolongerbeabletoconnect

mewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——社会进步——电话亭的变迁【语篇解读】作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话

亭的经历，并发现家附近最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”，这为社区提供了新的价值。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Theplay.B．Theshared

house.C．Thesofa.D．Thetelephonebox.答案与解析：B理解词汇。根据第一段中的“Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon”和“Ispreadsom

ethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore‘youngprofessional’”可推断出，作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留下深

刻印象而将合租房布置了一番，故选B项。6．Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall.B．Toputupanotice.C．Toshelterfromtherain.D．Toho

ldanaudition.答案与解析：A推断。根据题干信息将答案定位在第一、二段。第二段提到作者被锁在了门外，但是幸运的是“therewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet”，因此作者打电话拿到了备用钥匙，

才得以及时赶回家。由此可推断出，在2006年作者使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话，故选A项。7．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunitylibrary”？A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree.B．An

yonecancontributetoitscollection.C．Itispopularamongyoungreaders.D．Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth.答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据题干中的“minicommunitylib

rary”将答案锁定在第三段。由该段中的“a‘minicommunitylibrary’：anypasser­bycan...orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncolle

ction”可知，任何路过的人都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书，也就是说任何人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献，故选B项。A项“它提供免费电话服务”；C项“它在年轻读者中受欢迎”；D项“一个月之内必须归还图书”。8．Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe“

library”？A．Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.B．Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.C．Hefoundtherewereexcellentfreebooks.D．Hethoughtitwa

sanidealplaceforreading.答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书，但后来却注意到那里有各种主题的大部头书，而且这些书都是免费的。这个

无与伦比的价格点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会考虑购买的书，并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作者因为发现那里有免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，开始使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文

。[2024·九省联考]Lastsummer,Hildaworkedasavolunteerwithdolphintrainersatasealifepark.Herjobwastomakesurethetankswerefreeofanyitemssothatth

etrainerscouldtrainthedolphinstofetchspecificitems.However,onedayaftercleaning,oneofthedolphins,Maya,presentedHildawithacandywrapperfromthetank.WhenK

atherine,thetrainer,sawthis,sheblamedHildaforhercarelessness.Upsetbutnotdiscouragedbythisevent,Hildadecidedtodosomespyin

gonMaya.Thenextmorning,Hildaarrivedattheparkearly.Sheputonherscubagear(水下呼吸器)andjumpedintothetankforherusual,underwat

ersweep.Findingnothinginthetank,sheclimbedoutofthewaterjustintimetoseeKatherinejumpinginontheotherside.Afterwhathappenedyesterday,Hildaknewwhats

hewasdoing.ShewatchedasKatherineperformedherunderwatersearch,butHildawasn'tsurprisedwhenshesurfacedempty­h

anded.Duringthetanksweeps,Mayahadbeenswimmingplayfully,butnowthedolphinstoppedsuddenlyandswamtothebackpartofthetankwhere

thefilter(过滤)boxwaslocated.Shestuckhernosedownbehindtheboxandthenswamaway.WhatwasMayadoingbackthere?Hildawondered.Sh

ejumpedbackintothewaterandswamovertotakealookbehindthebox,andherquestionwasanswered.HildathenswamacrossthetankfollowingMaya'spathandeme

rgedfromthewatertofindKatherineremovingherscubagear.AsKatherineturnedaround,hermouthdroppedopen.TherewasMayaattheedgeofthetankwithacomb(梳子)inhermouth

waitingforhertreat.“Maya!Wheredidyougetthat？”demandedKatherine,takingthecombandthrowingherafish.“Iknowwhereshegotit，”dec

laredHildaclimbingoutofthetankwithahandfulofitemsstillwetfromtheirwatery,restingplace.“What'sallthis？”Katherineasked,obviouslyconfused.注

意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。“ThisisMaya'ssecret，”Hildasaidwithabigsmile.______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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owKatherinerealizedwhathadbeengoingon.________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________Onepossibleversion：“ThisisMaya'ssecret，”Hildasaidwithabigsmile.“Thetruthofthematter，”Hildacontinued,“isthatMayahasbeensecre

tlycollectingitemsfromthetank,hidingthemnearthefilterinthebackofthetank.Whenyoutrainher,shewillgiveyousomeitemssothatshecangettreat

sfromyou.”“Really?Howdoyouknowthat？”Katherineaskedinsurprise.Hildalaughedandreplied,“Ittookmealongtimetodiscoverthissecret,too.It'sn

oteasytofollowMaya.”NowKatherinerealizedwhathadbeengoingon.Katherinethoughttoherself,thisisreallyacleverdolphin.And

shesaidtoHilda,“Well,Mayalovestreats,sowe'llworktogether,andyou'llsecretlyhelphercollectafewthingsandputtheminthefilteratthebac

kofthetank.I'llgivehertreats,thenumberofwhichIcanincrease.”Hildareplied,“Goodidea,let'sdoit.”Fromthenon,theSeaLifeParkisfullo

fwarmthandharmony.Maya'sperformanceinfrontoftheaudienceisgettingbetterandbetter.