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练习13阅读理解＋读后续写授课提示：对应学生用书30页Ⅰ.阅读理解A2024·浙江1月，D议论文310词★★★☆☆TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelint

helate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachc

hildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftal

oneintheroom.Follow­upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandva

riousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We'renottemptedbysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevice

sthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearet

emptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie­poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismto

thesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe'vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramat

icallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthis

mismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn'teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourrespons

etoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation­poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivit

yhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourc

aloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtim

emosteffectively.语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——儿童棉花糖实验的启示【语篇解读】文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖实验引出作者观点——身处网络时代，我们每天都受到大量信息的诱惑，要学会做有选择的信息消费者。1．Whatdidthechildrenne

edtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel'stest?A．Takeanexaminationalone.B．Showrespectfortheresearchers.C．Sharetheirtreatswithothers.D．Delayeatingforfifteenm

inutes.答案与解析：D理解具体信息。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实验的介绍中的“Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,th

eywouldbegivenasecondtreat”可知，孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖，就会得到第二份奖励，故选D项。2．AccordingtoParagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween________．A．t

hecalorie­poorworldandourgoodappetitesB．theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC．therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbra

insD．thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据题干中“mismatch”这一关键词将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“Butaswe'vereshapedthe

worldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthous

andsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheart...weshouldn'teat”。由此句可知，我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少，也就是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了，但是我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，因此这两者之间是不匹配的，故选C项

。A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”；B项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”；C项“充足的食物供应和我们一成不变的大脑”；D项“诱人的食物和我们为保持健康所做的努力”。3．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A．Beselectiveinform

ationconsumers.B．Absorbnewinformationreadily.C．Usediverseinformationsources.D．Protecttheinformationenvironment.答案与解析：B推断。根据最后一段中的“T

herefore...wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental‘junkfood’inordert

omanageourtimemosteffectively”可知，作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费，抵制那些对我们的精神健康有害的信息诱惑，以达到高效管理时间的目的。因此可推断出，作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消费者，故选B项。A项“欣然接受新信息”；C项“使用多样

化的信息源”；D项“保护信息环境”。4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EatLess,ReadMoreB．TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC．TheLater,theBetterD

．TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups答案与解析：D理解文章主旨要义。本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，从最初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入，说明棉花糖对孩子的影响，再类比到成人身上，阐述了在充斥着各类信息的信息大环境下，我们成年人也应

该要学会抵制不良信息带来的诱惑，做一个有选择的信息消费者，因此文章重点介绍了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”，故选D项。B2024·浙江1月，B记叙文329词★★★☆☆Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecal

l—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwas

conductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadso

methrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeit__seemabitmore“youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaper

baskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacross

thestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady'smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenough

timetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhous

e.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa“minicommunitylibrary”：anypasser­bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orr

eplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“library”opened,Ididn'tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffe

dfullofcheeselovestories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebooksweref

ree.ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.And

I'vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,nolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.Butitcancertain

lykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——社会进步——电话亭的变迁【语篇解读】作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话亭的经历，并发现家附近最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”，这为社区提供了新的价值

。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Theplay.B．Thesharedhouse.C．Thesofa.D．Thetelephonebox.答案与解析

：B理解词汇。根据第一段中的“Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon”和“Ispreadsomethrowsovertheso

fasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore‘youngprofessional’”可推断出，作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番，故选B项。6．Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxi

n2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall.B．Toputupanotice.C．Toshelterfromtherain.D．Toholdanaudition.答案与解析：A推断。根据题干信息将答案定位在第一、

二段。第二段提到作者被锁在了门外，但是幸运的是“therewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet”，因此作者打电话拿到了备用钥匙，才得以及时赶回家。由此可推断出，在2006年作者使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话，故选A项。7．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“mini

communitylibrary”？A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree.B．Anyonecancontributetoitscollection.C．Itispopularamongyoungreaders.D．Booksmustbereturnedwithinam

onth.答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据题干中的“minicommunitylibrary”将答案锁定在第三段。由该段中的“a‘minicommunitylibrary’：anypasser­bycan...orreplaceitwithanothertitlefrom

theirowncollection”可知，任何路过的人都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书，也就是说任何人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书做出贡献，故选B项。A项“它提供免费电话服务”；C项“它在年轻读者中受欢迎”；D项“一个月之内必须归还图书”。8．Why

didtheauthorstarttousethe“library”？A．Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.B．Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.C．Hefoundtherewereexcelle

ntfreebooks.D．Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading.答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书，但后来却注意到那里有各

种主题的大部头书，而且这些书都是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励作者尝试许多自己通常不会考虑购买的书，并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作者因为发现那里有免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，开始使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇

完整的短文。[2024·九省联考]Lastsummer,Hildaworkedasavolunteerwithdolphintrainersatasealifepark.Herjobwastomakesurethetankswerefreeofanyitemssothatt

hetrainerscouldtrainthedolphinstofetchspecificitems.However,onedayaftercleaning,oneofthedolphins,Maya,presentedHil

dawithacandywrapperfromthetank.WhenKatherine,thetrainer,sawthis,sheblamedHildaforhercarelessness.Upsetbutnotdiscouragedb

ythisevent,HildadecidedtodosomespyingonMaya.Thenextmorning,Hildaarrivedattheparkearly.Sheputonherscubagear(水下呼吸器)andjumpedintothetankforheru

sual,underwatersweep.Findingnothinginthetank,sheclimbedoutofthewaterjustintimetoseeKatherinejumpinginontheotherside.Afterwhathappe

nedyesterday,Hildaknewwhatshewasdoing.ShewatchedasKatherineperformedherunderwatersearch,butHildawasn'

tsurprisedwhenshesurfacedempty­handed.Duringthetanksweeps,Mayahadbeenswimmingplayfully,butnowthedolphinstoppedsuddenlyand

swamtothebackpartofthetankwherethefilter(过滤)boxwaslocated.Shestuckhernosedownbehindtheboxandthenswam

away.WhatwasMayadoingbackthere?Hildawondered.Shejumpedbackintothewaterandswamovertotakealookbehindthebo

x,andherquestionwasanswered.HildathenswamacrossthetankfollowingMaya'spathandemergedfromthewatertofindKatherineremovingherscubagear.AsKatherinet

urnedaround,hermouthdroppedopen.TherewasMayaattheedgeofthetankwithacomb(梳子)inhermouthwaitingforhertreat.“Maya!Wheredidyougetthat？”demandedK

atherine,takingthecombandthrowingherafish.“Iknowwhereshegotit，”declaredHildaclimbingoutofthetankwithahandfulofitemsstillwetfrom

theirwatery,restingplace.“What'sallthis？”Katherineasked,obviouslyconfused.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。“ThisisMaya'ssecret，”Hildasaidwithabi

gsmile.________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________NowKatherinerealizedwhathadbeengoingon.______________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：“ThisisMaya'ssecret，”Hildasaid

withabigsmile.“Thetruthofthematter，”Hildacontinued,“isthatMayahasbeensecretlycollectingitemsfromthetank,hidingthemnearthefilterinthebackofthetank.W

henyoutrainher,shewillgiveyousomeitemssothatshecangettreatsfromyou.”“Really?Howdoyouknowthat？”Katherineasked

insurprise.Hildalaughedandreplied,“Ittookmealongtimetodiscoverthissecret,too.It'snoteasytofollowMaya.”NowKatherinerealizedwhathadbe

engoingon.Katherinethoughttoherself,thisisreallyacleverdolphin.AndshesaidtoHilda,“Well,Mayalovestreats,sowe'llwork

together,andyou'llsecretlyhelphercollectafewthingsandputtheminthefilteratthebackofthetank.I'llgivehertreats,thenumberofwhichIcan

increase.”Hildareplied,“Goodidea,let'sdoit.”Fromthenon,theSeaLifeParkisfullofwarmthandharmony.Maya'sperformanceinfrontoftheaudienceisgettingbetterand

better.