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衡阳市八中2023级高一年级第二学期期末考试英语试题第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHalfofallpeoplew

illhavesignificantamountsofgreyhairbytheageof50．Ifgreyingoccursbeforetheageof30,itisknownasprematuregreying.Possiblereasonsforthishappening:·g

enetics·long-termdieting·lackofproteinandnutrients·extremementalandemotionalstress·lackofiron,copper,zinc,andVitaminB12“Ifyoucolor

yourhairtoooftenwithstrongchemicalsandputthemonscalps(头皮)thatarestillgrowing,thecellsinyourhairmightgetdamaged.

Thiscanchangehowmelanocytes(生黑色素细胞)work.Becauseofthis,theymaystopmakingcolorearlierthannormal,”saysTricholo

gistandDirectorofHariandScalpClinic,HairMantra,DrPadmajaRedekar.Sherecommendsyearlyscalpcheck-upsshouldbeas

routineasannualmedicals.“AtHairMantra,youwillreceiveexpertadvicewithsolutionsforyourwholelifestyle,productsandsupplementsforyourhairp

roblems,andahaircareroutinetouseathome.Callustodayandbalanceyourhairhealthfromtheinsideout,”Padmajaadds.1．Whatisconsideredapossiblereasonforgreyh

airshowingupearly?A．Occasionaldieting.B．Geneticproblems.C．Extremephysicalstress.D．Insufficientproteinandnutr

ient.2．WhatwouldDrPadmajaRedekarmostlikelytorecommend?A．Coloringyourhairasyouwish.B．Changinghowmelanocyteswork.C．Protectingthecellsinyou

rhairearlier.D．Gettingyourscalpcheckedeveryyear.3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anencyclopedia.B．Ahealthcarereport.C．Anadver

tisement.D．Amedicalbrochure.BIn2017,anearthybicyclerepairerappearedonthestageoftheTVshowChinesePoetryCongress.WangHaijun,65in2017,was

borninInnerMongolia,andhelovedreadingsincehewaslittle.However,whenhewasinthefourthgrade,Wanghadtodropoutofschoolbecausehisfat

herwantedhimtoherdsheeptomakealittlebitextra.Fromthenon,Wangonlyreadsafteraday’swork.RomanceoftheThreeKingdomsandThreeHundredTangPoemswerehisfa

voritebooks.“Thereweren’tanybookstoresaround,soIborrowedthemfromothers.Ireadthemsomuchthatthepagesbegantotearoff.”Later,Wangandhiswifemo

vedtoShijiazhuangwherehesetupastallandrepairbicyclesformorefamilyincome.Thejobisnotbusy,soWanghastimetoread.O

nce,heheardinaradioprogramthatadisabledgirlwrotesomeexcellentpoems.Encouragedbythestory,Wangbegantowritehisownpoe

msonthebackofthepackagepaperofthetireswithapencil.Atnight,hewrotewithatorchinthedark.Heevengotasmallblackboardfromtherecyclersandputpoemsonit

.Hehungthechalkboardinhisstallandaskedthepassers-bytohelphimimprovehispoems.Ifanybody’sadvicewasadopted,hewouldbuyhimorherabottleofbeer.In2017,whe

nWangwasinvitedtoChinesePoetryCongress,hethought“itwasafraud”,becauseheneverimaginedthatpeoplewouldappreciatethepoemswrittenbyabicyclerepairer.“Butit

turnedouttobeagreatexperiencereadingmypoemsonthestage.”hesaid.Aftertheshow,manypeoplecametohisstalltodiscusspoetrywithhim.“Itfeelslikea

dreamcometrue.Poetrybelongstoeveryone.Evenabicyclerepairerlikemecanstilldreamaboutsuchapoeticlife.”4．Whatinspired

Wangtowritepoems?A．ATVshow.B．Poetrybooks.C．Hisfamily.D．Aradiostory.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fraud”meaninpara

graph5?A．Memory.B．Trick.C．Reward.D．Trouble.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWang?A．Creativeandhelpful.B

．Energeticandgenerous.C．Optimisticanddetermined.D．Ambitiousandconcerned.7．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．It’snevertoolatetolearn.B．Agoodboo

kisagoodfriend.C．Agoodbeginningishalfdone.D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.CAusercouldaskChatGPTtowriteacomputerprogramorsumma

rizeanarticle,andtheAIchatbotwouldlikelybeabletoproduceusefulcode.However,someonecouldalsoaskforinstructionstobuildagun,and

thechatbotmightbeabletoprovidethose,too.Topreventthisandothersafetyissues,companiesthatbuildlargelanguagemodelstypicallysafeguardthemusingaproces

scalledred-teaming.Teamsofhumantesterswriteprompts(提示词)aimedattriggering(引发)unsafetextfromthemodelbeingtested.Thesepromptsareusedtotea

chthechatbottoavoidsuchresponses.Butthisonlyworkseffectivelyifengineersknowwhichtoxic(有害的)promptstouse.Ifhumante

stersmisssomeprompts,whichislikelygiventhenumberofpossibilities,achatbotregardedassafemightstillbecapableofprodu

cingunsafeanswers.ResearchersfromImprobableAILabatMITandtheMIT-IBMWatsonAILabusedmachinelearningtoimprovered-teaming.Theydevelopedatechniquetotrai

nared-teamlargelanguagemodeltoautomaticallycreatediversepromptsthattriggerawiderrangeofundesirableresponsesfromthechatbotbeingtested.Theydothi

sbyteachingthered-teammodeltobecuriouswhenitwritesprompts,andtofocusonnewpromptsthattriggertoxicresponsesfromthetargetmodel.Thetechniq

ueperformedbetterthanhumantestersandothermachine-learningapproachesbycreatingmoredistinctpromptsthattriggeredincreasinglytoxicresponses.Notonl

ydoestheirmethodsignificantlyimprovethecoverageofinputsbeingtestedcomparedtootherautomatedmethods,butitcanalsodrawouttoxic

responsesfromachatbotthathadsafeguardsbuiltintoitbyhumanexperts.“Rightnow,everylargelanguagemodelhastogothroughaverylongperiodofred-teamingtoe

nsureitssafety.Thatisnotgoingtobesustainableifwewanttoupdatethesemodelsinrapidlychangingenvironments.Ourmethodprovidesafastera

ndmoreeffectivewaytodothisqualityassurance,”saysZhangWeihong,aleadauthorofapaperonthisred-teamingapproach.8．Whatisthepurposeofred-teaming?A．To

safeguardsomelargecompanies.B．Tohelpbuildtypicallanguagemodels.C．ToteachAIchatbottodealwithhardwork.D．Toprevent

AIfromcausingsafetyproblems.9．Whatistheproblemofthered-teamofhumantesters?A．Itisnotascuriousasmachines.B．Itslanguagemodelismuchsmaller.C．I

toftenfailstorecognizesafeprompts.D．Itislikelytomisssometoxicprompts.10．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Theworkingprin

ciplesofthenewtechnique.B．Differenttypesofmachine-learningapproaches.C．Theadvantagesofthenewmethodofred-teaming.D．

Thedifferencebetweenhumantestersandmachines.11．WhatdoesZhangWeihongthinkofthemethod?A．Ittakesmoretime.B．Itisupdatedrapidly.C．I

tprovessuccessful.D．Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.DMorethan4.85billionpeoplehaveaccesstotheInternet.Online,theycanfindalltheinformat

ionavailabletohumankindandformtheirownopinionaboutanything.Thishascompletelychangedsociety.Butwhatdisturbsmostisthenewtechnologicala

bilityofthelargenumberofpeopletoexpressthemselves.Itisnotfreeaccesstoinformationbutaccesstoself-expressionthatchangestheworld.Wearelivingt

hroughanunexpectedexplosionofauthorship.ThеbookHumanasMediagivesusavividpictureofthisexplosionofauthorship.Humankindhad300millionauthorsin5,

000yearsofwrittencivilizationand,allofasudden,thisnumberhasrisento4.85billioninthespaceof40years.Suchauthorshiphasgivenusopport

unitiestoexpressourselvesfreely,butithasalsoledtothoughtlessself-expression.SocialmediasuchasFacebookandTwitterarecommonlyblamedforcreatingcultu

ralmess.Peoplecanexpressthisorthatopinionastheylike.Butwhatreallymattersisthatsocialmediaprovidechancesforbillionswhocanreacho

uttoothersbeyondtheirphysicalandsociallimits.Thisitselfhasbecomeanimportantfactortoshapesociety,regardlessofthec

ontent.Inreality,socialmediaarespecificallytakingadvantageofourdesireto“struggleforrecognition”.Wehumansn

eedtofeelasenseofbeingtogether.Soisourthirstforresponse.Socialmediaprovide,oratleastoffer,responsestoeventhesmallestactivitieso

fausersuchaslikes,posts,andcomments.Iclick,thereforeIam.Butwiththisgreatservicecomesgreatrisks.Thoseself-expressionsareexposedtosome

extentunseenbefore.Unpreparedandunhesitatingjudgmentsregardingsomeone’spersonalmattersorpublicaffairsincreaseincredibly.Personalbecomespublican

dpublicbecomespersonal.12．WhydoestheauthormentionthebookHumanasMediainParagraph2?A．Toexplainarule.B．Toprovideaproof.C．Toc

larifyaconcept.D．Tomakeaprediction.13．Whatcanweinferaboutsocialmedia?A．Theyblamehumans’desireforfame.B．Theyofferapl

atformforself-expression.C．Theyprovideuserswithdifferentactivities.D．Theybenefitusersbyjudgingthemcarefully.14．Wh

atistheauthor’sattitudetoself-expressions?A．Unclear.B．Favorable.C．Negative.D．Hopeful.15．Whichofthefollowingcou

ldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheInternetencouragesself-expressionB．Socialmediarealizeonlineusers’dreamsC．Networkmixesperso

nalwithpublicaffairsD．Technologiespromotenetworkdevelopment第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白

处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。RisksofOvertrainingGettinginshapeandtrainingforaneventsuchasamarathonrequireslong-last

ingandintensephysicalcommitment.16Butthetruthis,sometimestheveryactswedotogethealthycanactuallypushuspastourphysicallimits.Specifical

ly,overtrainingisasetofsignsthatoccurwhenyourbodyisnotabletorecoversufficientlybeforegoingintoyournextworkout.17Peopletendt

oignorethem.Overtime,thecycleofstartingthenexttrainingsessionbeforeallowingrecoverycausesbreakdownoftheverypartsofthebody

thatyouworksohardtobuildup.Thestructuresandsystemsofyourbodyadapttothedemandsyouhaveplacedonthembeforetheresttime.If

yourworkoutslightlygoesbeyondyourcurrentability,itwilladapttowardwhatyoudidinapositiveway.18Twomainfacto

rsarenecessaryinrecovery:nutrition.andrest.Goodnutrition,includingwaterandproteinintake,isextremelyimportant,e

speciallywithin40minutesofyourworkout.19Yourbodyusesthenutrientsyouhavegivenitduringtheresttime.especiallysleep,tostrengthen.Oneofthebestways

topreventovertrainingistofocusonyourmorningrestingheartrate.20Generally,youwilldetectanincreaseinyourheartratebefo

retheothersignsshowup.Trackingitinalogcanbeagreatwaytomonitoryourrecovery.A．It'seasytomeasureandtrack.B．Allowingtimeforrecoveryisalsoe

ssential.C．Theproblemisthattheyshowupverygradually.D．Belowarethesignsandsymptomsofovertraining.E．Listeningtoyourbodywillassureyouofyo

urfitnessgoals.F．Iffarbeyond,it'lltakelongertoadaptandmaycauseinjury.G．Wegenerallyassumeregularintenseexercisegoodforourhealth.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节

（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwes

ternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful21withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungC

hineseman22meonthetrain.My23friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe24topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhours,h

ewouldtellmeabouthowhehad25atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob26highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsthemo

st27,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeye,hewould

28atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican29asawhole.”Andwhatdoyoualllea

rnaboutRussianauthors?”I30himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto31myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwho

hadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,32,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,h

e33mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom34withanopenmind,andawillingnessto35withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.21．A．experimentB．encounterC．competi

tionD．appointment22．A．treatedB．savedC．lecturedD．approached23．A．trueB．so-calledC．newD．long-lost24．A．chanceB．advic

eC．troubleD．right25．A．visitedB．financedC．attendedD．founded26．A．buildingB．sweepingC．checkingD．guarding27．A

．typicalB．obviousC．naturalD．remarkable28．A．publishB．quoteC．сорyD．download29．A．writersB．historiansC．workersD．students30．A．antici

pateB．imagineC．recallD．catch31．A．lookintoB．relyonC．gooverD．dealwith32．A．well-behavedB．multi-skilledC．warm-heartedD．self-educated33．

A．askedB．warnedC．showedD．promised34．A．travelingB．readingC．searchingD．teaching35．A．cooperateB．sideC．negotiateD．engage第二节（

共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HeatherwickStudiorecentlybuiltagreenhouseattheedgeoftheNationa

lTrust’sWoolbedingGardens.Thisbeautifulstructure,namedGlasshouse,isatthecentreofanewgardenthatshowshowtheSilkRoadinfluencesEnglishgardensevenin

moderntimes.Thelatest36(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective37(function)structurethat

isalsobeautiful.Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)”madeofglassandaluminium(铝).Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays38(give)thein

sideplantssunshineandfreshair.Incoldweather,thestructurestays39(close)toprotecttheplants.Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundt

hegreenhouse40(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciesc

ametoBritainfor41firsttime.TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern42(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.Thegardenalsocontainsawindingpaththatguidesv

isitorsthroughthetwelveregionsoftheSilkRoad.Thepathoffersover300plantspeciesforvisitorstosee,too.TheGlass

housestands43agreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaatthe

endofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute44broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe45(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.第四

部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假设你是李华，你校近期要举行演讲比赛，请以你的经历写一篇“Musichashelpedme”为题的演讲稿进行参赛。写作要点如下：1。介绍你所经历的困难；2.音乐对你的影

响。注意：1.词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Havingheldtheinterschool(校际)storytellgchampionshipforthepasttwoyear

s,Iwastheshiningstarofmyschool.Whenitcametochoosingtherightcandidate(候选人)toparticipateinsuchcompetitions,Iwasalwaysthefirstchoice.Natural

ly,Iwasonceagainselectedtorepresentmyschoolintheapproachingcontestthisyear.UponhearingthefactthatIwaschosenagain,mycl

assmatesandfriendsacknowledgedthatIwouldundoubtedlybethechampionagain.Consequently,Ibecameconceited(自负的)

.IwassoproudthatIignoredtheimportanceofpracticingforthecontest.Aweekbeforethecontest,myteacherMs.Saraasked,

“Selena,wouldyouliketostandinfrontoftheclasstorehearse(排练)forthecontest?”Shehadtutoredmeinthepasttwocompetitio

nsandknewhowimportantpracticewas.“Justimagineyouareonthestageintheaudience,”sheadded.“I’msorry,Ms.Sara,”Ireplie

d.“Ihaveabitofasorethroat.”ThiswasusuallythelieIwouldtellwhenevermyteacherrequestedmetopracticeinfrontoftheclass

.IalwaysfoundexcusestoavoiddoingitbecauseIbelievedthatIwasthebestandthereforethepracticewasunnecessary.Ononeoccasion,Ieventol

dMs.SaranottoworrytoomuchasIwaswellpreparedforthecontest.Infact,Idideverythingbutpracticemyscript(讲稿).Ionlymanagedtoglancebrieflyth

roughthestorythedaybeforethecontest.Asthebeststorytelleramongthestudentsofthelocalsecondaryschools,Iwastoovaintopracticeandexpectedever

ythingtobefine.Thecontestwasbeingheldinthelocalcommunityhall.Onthedayofthecontest,thehallwascrowdedwithpeople.Myschoolteachersandprincipalwereth

erealongwithmanyofmyclassmatesandschoolmates.Iwastheeighthcontestantoutoftwentyintotal.Thosewhospokebeforemedidextremelywell.Onseeingtheirfascinat

ingandoutstandingperformance,Ibegantoloseconfidenceinmyself.Mypalms(手掌)sweatedheavilyandIstartedtofeelnervous.1.续写词数应为15

0左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Soonitwasmyturntotalk.Finally,Iheardtheresultsannouncedafterthecontestandfeltsad.高一英语答

案1．D2．D3．C【导语】本文是一篇广告，主要讲述了灰发的可能原因，以及如何预防和治疗灰发的方法。1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Possiblereasonsforthishappening:·genetics·long-termd

ieting·lackofproteinandnutrients·extremementalandemotionalstress·lackofiron,copper,zinc,andVitaminB12”（可能的原因

包括：遗传、长期节食、缺乏蛋白质和营养、极端的精神和情绪压力、缺乏铁、铜、锌和维生素B12）可推知，早期出现灰发的可能原因是蛋白质和营养不足。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sherecommendsyearlyscalpcheck-upsshouldbeasroutineasannua

lmedicals.”（她建议每年进行一次头皮检查，就像每年的体检一样。）可推知，PadmajaRedekar博士最有可能推荐的是每年进行一次头皮检查。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“AtHairMantra,youwillreceiveexpertadvicewithsol

utionsforyourwholelifestyle,productsandsupplementsforyourhairproblems,andahaircareroutinetouseathome.Cal

lustodayandbalanceyourhairhealthfromtheinsideout,”Padmajaadds.（在HairMantra，你将得到专家的建议，解决你的整个生活方式，产品和补充剂解决你的头发问题，以及在家使用的头发护理程序。今天就打电话给我们，从内到外平衡你的头发健康，

Padmaja补充道。）可推知，这篇文章可能来自于一个广告。故选C。4．D5．B6．C7．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了王海军，一位65岁的自行车修理工，如何通过自学和不懈的努力，最终登上了《中国诗词大会》的舞台，并实现了他的

诗歌梦想。4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Once,heheardinaradioprogramthatadisabledgirlwrotesomeexcellentpoems.Encouragedbythestory,Wangbegantowritehisownp

oemsonthebackofthepackagepaperofthetireswithapencil.(有一次，他听到广播节目中说一个残疾女孩写了一些非常好的诗。受这个故事的鼓舞，王开始用铅笔在轮胎包装纸的背面写自己的诗。)”可知，他开始写诗是受到

了广播中一位残疾女孩的鼓舞，故选D项。5．词句理解题。在第五段中“becauseheneverimaginedthatpeoplewouldappreciatethepoemswrittenbyabicyclerepairer.(因为他从未想过会有人欣赏一个自行车

修理工写的诗)”，描述的是王海军最初对被邀请参加《中国诗词大会》的反应，他认为这是一个骗局，毕竟他自己只是一名普通的修理工。因此，“fraud”在这里的意思是“骗局”，故选B项。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Poetrybelongstoev

eryone.Evenabicyclerepairerlikemecanstilldreamaboutsuchapoeticlife.(诗歌属于每个人。即使是像我这样的自行车修理工，仍然可以梦想这样一个诗意的生活。)”及整篇文章可知，王海军虽然是一个自行车修理工，但他对诗歌的热爱和追求，以及他

通过自己的努力实现梦想的故事，体现了他的乐观和决心。故选C项。7．推理判断题。根据第二段“WangHaijun,65in2017,wasborninInnerMongolia,andhelovedreadingsincehewaslittle.(王海军，2017年时65岁，出生在内蒙

古，从小就热爱阅读。)”以及全文可知，通过王海军的故事，我们可以学到，无论年龄多大，无论职业如何，只要有梦想并为之努力，就有可能实现。这与选项AIt’snevertoolatetolearn.(活到老，学到老)相呼应，故选A项。8．D9．D10．C11．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了红队测试的目的、存在的问题以及研究人员如何通过机器学习改进红队测试的方法8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Topreventthisandothersafetyissues,co

mpaniesthatbuildlargelanguagemodelstypicallysafeguardthemusingaprocesscalledred-teaming.”（为了防止这种和其他安全问题，构建大型语言模型

的公司通常使用一种叫做红队测试的过程来保护它们。）可推知，红队测试的目的是防止AI造成安全问题。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Butthisonlyworkseffectivelyifengineersknow

whichtoxic(有害的)promptstouse.Ifhumantestersmisssomeprompts,whichislikelygiventhenumberofpossibilities,achatbotregardedassafemightstillbecapabl

eofproducingunsafeanswers.”（但只有在工程师知道该使用哪种有毒提示符的情况下，这种方法才有效。如果人类测试者错过了一些提示(考虑到可能性的数量，这是很可能的)，一个被认为安全的聊天机器人可能仍然有能力给出不安全的答案。）

可推知，人类测试者的红队可能会遗漏一些有害的提示符。故选D。10．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Notonlydoestheirmethodsignificantlyimprovethecoverageofinputsbeingtestedcompa

redtootherautomatedmethods,butitcanalsodrawouttoxicresponsesfromachatbotthathadsafeguardsbuiltintoitbyhumanexperts.”（与其他自动化方法相比，他们的方法不仅显著提高了被测试输

入的覆盖率，而且还可以从一个由人类专家内置的安全措施的聊天机器人中得出有害的反应。）可知，第五段主要讲述了新方法的优点。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Ourmethodprovidesafasterandmoreeffectivewayto

dothisqualityassurance,’saysZhangWeihong,aleadauthorofapaperonthisred-teamingapproach.”（“我们的方法提供了一种更快、更有效的方式来进行这种质量保证，”这篇关于红队测试方法的

论文的主要作者张伟宏说。）可推知，张伟宏认为这种方法是成功的。故选C。12．B13．B14．C15．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了互联网鼓励了人们自我表达的现象。12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ThеbookHumanasMediagivesusavividpictureofthis

explosionofauthorship.(HumanasMedia一书为我们生动地描绘了这种创作热潮。)”可知，作者提到了HumanasMedia这本书是为这种创作热潮提供证据。故选B项。13．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Online,theycanfindalltheinforma

tionavailabletohumankindandformtheirownopinionaboutanything.Thishascompletelychangedsociety.Butwhatdisturbsmostisthenewtechnologicalabilityofthelarge

numberofpeopletoexpressthemselves.(在网上，他们可以找到人类可用的所有信息，并对任何事情形成自己的看法。这完全改变了社会。但最令人不安的是，大量的人有了表达自己的新技术能力。)”可知，社交媒体提供了一个自我表

达的平台。故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butwiththisgreatservicecomesgreatrisks.Thoseself-expressionsareexposedtosomeextentunseenbefore.Unpreparedandunhe

sitatingjudgmentsregardingsomeone’spersonalmattersorpublicaffairsincreaseincredibly.Personalbecomespublicandpublicbecomespersonal.(但这项伟大的服务也

伴随着巨大的风险。这些自我表达在某种程度上暴露出来，这是以前从未见过的。对某人的个人事务或公共事务毫无准备和毫不犹豫的判断令人难以置信地增加。个人的变成了公共的，公共的变成了个人的。)”可以推知，作者认为自我表达有巨大的风险，作者对自我表达的态度是消极的。故选C项。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，

根据第一段中“Morethan4.85billionpeoplehaveaccesstotheInternet.Online,theycanfindalltheinformationavailabletohumankindandformtheirownopinionabou

tanything.Thishascompletelychangedsociety.Butwhatdisturbsmostisthenewtechnologicalabilityofthelargenumberofpeopletoexpressthemselves.(超过48.5

亿人可以使用互联网。在网上，他们可以找到人类可用的所有信息，并对任何事情形成自己的看法。这完全改变了社会。但最令人不安的是，大量的人有了表达自己的新技术能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述了互联网鼓励了人们自我表达的现象。A“互联网鼓励自我表达”符合主题，故选A项

。16．G17．C18．F19．B20．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了过度训练的风险。16．根据下文“Butthetruthis,sometimestheveryactswedotogethealthycanactua

llypushuspastourphysicallimits.(但事实是，有时我们为了健康而做的事情实际上会让我们超越身体的极限)”可知，选项与下文为转折关系，说明人们关于高强度运动队健康的一般看法。故G选项“我们通

常认为有规律的高强度运动对我们的健康有益。”切题。故选G项。17．根据上文“Specifically,overtrainingisasetofsignsthatoccurwhenyourbodyisnotabletorecoversufficientlybeforegoingintoyourn

extworkout.(具体来说，过度训练是当你的身体无法在下一次锻炼前充分恢复时出现的一系列迹象)”以及下文“Peopletendtoignorethem.(人们往往会忽略它们)”可知，迹象出现的较为缓慢。故C选项“问题是，它们的出现非

常缓慢”切题。故选C项。18．根据上文“Ifyourworkoutslightlygoesbeyondyourcurrentability,itwilladapttowardwhatyoudidinapositiveway

.(如果你的锻炼稍微超出了你目前的能力，它会以一种积极的方式适应你所做的)”可知，选项承接上文说明锻炼严重超出了你目前的能力，会导致的结果。故B选项“如果锻炼严重超出了你目前的能力，需要更长的时间来适应，并可能导致受伤。”切题。故选B项。19．根据下文“You

rbodyusesthenutrientsyouhavegivenitduringtheresttime.especiallysleep,tostrengthen.(你的身体会利用你在休息时间给它的营养，尤其是要加强睡眠)”可知，要给恢

复留出时间。故B选项“留出恢复的时间也很重要”切题。故选B项。20．根据上文“Oneofthebestwaystopreventovertrainingistofocusonyourmorningrestingheartrate.

(防止过度训练的最好方法之一是关注你的晨间静息心率)”及下文“Generally,youwilldetectanincreaseinyourheartratebeforetheothersignsshowup.(一般来说，在其他迹象出现之前

，你会发现心率的增加)”可知，心率很容易测量和跟踪。故A选项“它很容易测量和跟踪”切题。故选A项。21．B22．D23．C24．A25．C26．A27．D28．B29．A30．C31．B32．D33．C34．A35．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇

了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑

、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A.experiment实验；B.encounter邂逅；C.competition比赛；D.appointment任命。根据后文“withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor”指作者和当地人

有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A.treated对待；B.saved拯救；C.lectured演讲；D.approached靠近。根据后文“meonthetrain”以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D。

23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A.true真的；B.so-called所谓的；C.new新的；D.long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“AyoungChineseman”可知，两人是在火

车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A.chance机会；B.advice建议；C.trouble麻烦；D.right权利。根据后文“topracticemyChinese”可知，作者抓住这个机会练习中

文。故选A。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A.visited拜访；B.financed提供资金；C.attended

参加，上(学)；D.founded成立。根据后文“atwo-yearprofessionalschool”可知，指这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的专业学校。故选C。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以

便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A.building修建；B.sweeping打扫；C.checking检查；D.guarding守卫。根据后文“highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A

。27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A.typical典型的；B.obvious显然的；C.natural自然的；D.remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“th

ismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体

影响。A.publish出版；B.quote引用；C.copy复制；D.download下载。根据后文“atranslatedEmersonpassage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。29．考查名词词

义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A.writers作者；B.historians历史学家；C.workers工人；D.students学生。根据上文“atranslatedEmersonpassagebe

foreaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican”以及后文“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?(你们对俄罗斯作家有什么

了解？)”可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A.anticipate预期；B.imagine想象；C.recall记起；D.catch抓住。根据后文“himaskingatonepoint”可知，作者在回

忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A.lookinto调查；B.relyon依靠；C.goover复习；D.dealwith处理。根据后文“myassum

ptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome”可知，年轻人从来没有离开过离家几百英里的地方，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。故选B。

32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A.well-behaved行为端正的；B.multi-skilled多技能的；C.warm-hearted热心的；D.self-educated自学的。呼应上文“thismanspenthoursstudyin

geverydayafterhardphysicallabor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展

示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A.asked询问；B.warned警告；C.showed展示；D.promised承诺。根据后文“mejusthowmuchonecangain

from”指年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A.traveling旅行；B.r

eading阅读；C.searching搜索；D.teaching教学。根据后文“withanopenmind,andawillingnessto”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向

我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A.cooperate合作；B.side边；C.negotiate协商；D.engage参与。根据后文“withlocalsfromallwalksoflife”指和各

行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engagewith表示“与……接触”。故选D。36．engineering37．functional38．togive39．closed40．walks41．the42．favorites43．as44．which/t

hat45．richness【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。36．考查名词。句意：最新的工

程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineeringtechniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。37．考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structu

re，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。38．考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填togiv

e。39．考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。40．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受

古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walksb.through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语theSilkRouteGarden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。41．考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲

之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：forthefirsttime，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。42．考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣

草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。43．考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设

计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。44．考查定语从句。句

意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填wh

ich/that。45．考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词

形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。【点睛】46．Soonitwasmyturntotalk.Facingthecrowd,Ifoundmyselfsufferingfromstagefright.Ispokenervouslyandevenstutte

redafewtimesasIforgotpartsofthestory.Mylegstrembledandsodidmyvoice.Onseeingmyterribleperformance,thejudgesshooktheirheads.Thesupportersfr

ommyschoollookedatmeindisappointment.Ihadneverbeensoembarrassedinmylife.Intheend,Iwalkedoffthestage,withmyeyesfilledwith

tears.Finally,Iheardtheresultsannouncedafterthecontestandfeltsad.Ididnotwinanyprizes,whichwasnotsurprisingatall.IfeltratherashamedwhenIfaced

myclassmatesandofcourse,Ms.Sara.Iregrettedmyfoolishbehavior.Onthefollowingday,IwenttovisitMs.Saraandapologized.Ms.Sarah

eldmyhands,seriouslysaying,“It’sOK.Butfromthis,youshouldlearnthatpridegoesbeforeafallandthatpracticemakesperfect.”Inoddedmyheadandpro

misedtokeepthisexperienceasalife-longreminder.【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者狂妄自大认为自己的演讲已经很好了，在比赛前不练习，当他看到其他优秀的比赛选手后开始

担心最终失败的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“很快，轮到我上场了。”可知，第一段可描写作者在演讲中的具体表现。②由第二段首句内容“最后，比赛结果公布了。”可知，第二段可描写作者听到结果后的心情和吸

取到的教训。2.续写线索：上场——演讲——结束——公布结果——后悔羞愧——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①结巴：stammer/speakwithoutfluency②颤抖：beallofatremble/shake③后悔：repentof/regret④低

估：thinkpoorlyof/underestimate情绪类①尴尬：beembarrassedabout/awkward②羞愧：ashamed/abashed【点睛】[高分句型1]Facingthecrowd,Ifoundmyselfsufferi

ngfromstagefright.(现在分词短语作状语)[高分句型2]IspokeinanexpressionlessvoiceandevenstutteredafewtimesasIforgotpartsofthestory.(as引导

的原因状语从句)[高分句型3]IfeltashamedwhenIfacedmyclassmatesandofcourse,Ms.Sara.(when引导的时间状语从句)