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Unit3BacktothepastSectionAWelcometotheunit&Reading课后篇巩固提升必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Iam(convince)thathehaslearnedfromhismistakes.答案conv

inced2.I(panic)whenIsawsmokecomingoutoftheengine.答案panicked3.Itwassaidthatthecompanywasindeep(finance)diffi

culties.答案financial4.totaloftwentypeoplelosttheirlivesbecauseofthebadweather.答案A5.Ourregionalmeasureshaveasignificantimpactunemploym

ent.答案on/upon6.Thenewlawisaimedat(strength)protectivemeasuresforworkers.答案strengtheningⅡ.短语填空onbehalfof,allowfor,regardlessof,insi

ston,outofdanger,contributeto,berememberedas,beloadedwith,passon,searchfor1.Hegoingbacktohisworkinsteadofstayinginhospital.答案insi

stedon2.Theyaspotwheretheycouldsitonthefloor.答案searchedfor3.Thesepersonalitytraitsgetfromgenerationtogeneration.答案passedon4.Thetruck,whichatono

fgoods,neededrepairing.答案wasloadedwith5.Theresearchshowsthatsmokingheartdisease.答案contributesto6.Doyouknowwhothepioneerofwesternmodernart?答案w

asrememberedas7.I’mwritingmymothertoexpressherthanksforyourgift.答案onbehalfof8.You’dbetterthemembersvotingagainstyou.答案allowfor9.Theclubwe

lcomesallnewmembersage.答案regardlessof10.Theoperationwasasuccessandthepatientwas.答案outofdangerⅢ.完成句子1.家长在孩子的成长过程中发挥着重要的作用。Parent

sthegrowthoftheirchildren.答案playanimportantrolein2.根据我们的记录,你已经缺席六次了。You’vebeenabsentsixtimes.答案accordingtoourrecords3.我们随后移居巴黎,在

那里住了六年。WethenmovedtoParis,forsixyears.答案wherewelived4.他因超速而被罚款,这对他而言是常有的事。him,hewasfinedforspeeding.答案Asisoftenthecasewith5.婚礼标志着埃玛生活新阶段的开始。Th

eweddinganewphaseinEmma’slife.答案markedthebeginningof6.因为有很多作业要做,我不能和你一起去滑冰。alotofhomework,Ican’tgoska

tingwithyou.答案With;todo关键能力提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解A主题语境:人与社会语篇类型:说明文AnewlydiscoveredancientChinesemapmayprovethatitwasaChinese

navigatorwhofirstdiscoveredAmerica.HemayhavemadethediscoveryseventyyearsbeforeColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld

.Themap,whichhasbeenondisplayinBeijing,issaidtobeacopymadein1763ofamucholdermapdatingbackto1418.ItclearlydescribesAfr

ica,EuropeandtheAmericas.Ifit’sproventobebelievable,themapwouldprovidestrongevidencetosuggestthatthefamousMingDynastysailor,ZhengHe,beatChristop

herColumbus,whoarrivedinAmericain1492,tothediscoveryoftheNewWorld.LiuGang,aChineselawyerandmapcollector,bought

themapinanantiquestoreinShanghaiin2001forabout500dollars.LiuGangthinksthemapsupportsthethesisoftheBritishauthor,GavinMenzies,who

inhis2003bookarguedZhengHewasthefirstpersontocircumnavigate(环航)theglobeanddiscoverAmericasometimebetween1421and1423.“Inprinciplet

heBritishauthorGavinisright.BeforeColumbus,ZhengHediscoveredAmericaandthewholeworld.Butindetail,notexactly...threeyearsdifference.Idon’t

thinkthat’sabigdeal,”Liusaid.ZhengHecommandedagroupofships,whichsailedbetween1405and1433attheorderoftheemperorduri

ngChina’sMingDynasty.Hisaimwastospreadtheglory(光荣)ofChinatotheworldandestablishtrade.ZhengHe’sexpeditionsnotonl

ydevelopedsearoutesforChinatocrosstheIndianOceantoreachthePersianGulf,theArabianSea,theRedSea,andsoutheastAfrica,hea

lsopavedthewayforlaterWesternexplorerstocometotheEast.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了新发现的一幅古代地图证明了发现美洲的第一人可能是中国航海家郑和,而不是哥伦布。1.WelearnfromParagraph1that.

A.thewriterwasproudofanancientmapB.boththeChinesenavigatorandColumbuswereheroesC.theancientmapmadebyaChin

esenavigatorwasjustfoundD.theChinesenavigatormaybethefirstmanwhodiscoveredAmerica答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Anewlydiscovered

ancientChinesemapmayprovethatitwasaChinesenavigatorwhofirstdiscoveredAmerica.”可知,中国航海家可能是第一个发现美洲的人,故选D项。2.Whichofthefo

llowingcorrectlydescribestheancientmap?A.TheancientmapondisplayinBeijingissaidtobemadein1418.B.Theancientmap,whichissaid

tobemadein1763,hasbeenondisplayinBeijing.C.TheancientmapwasboughtbyLiuGang,aChinesenavigatorin2001.D.T

heancientmapwasintroducedtobelistedinGavin’sbookbyLiuGangtosupporthisidea.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Themap,whichhasbeenondisplayinBeij

ing,issaidtobeacopymadein1763ofamucholdermapdatingbackto1418.”可知,选项B的表述是正确的,故选B项。3.WhatdoestheBritishaut

horinhisbooktrytoargueinthepassage?A.ThefirstpersonwhodiscoveredAmericamaybeZhengHe.B.Thefirstpersontocircumnavigatetheg

lobeisnotworthdiscussing.C.TheyearwhenZhengHediscoveredAmericamaybebetween1421and1423.D.TheyearwhenChristopherColumbusdiscoveredAmericawasa

headof1423.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句内容可知,英国作家在他的书中试图证明发现美洲的第一人可能是郑和,故选A项。4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AnAncientMapandChristopherColumbusB.ZhengHe,LiuGangandtheBritishAuthorC.ZhengHeSpreadstheGloryofChinatotheWorldD.An

AncientMapSuggestsChineseDiscoveredAmerica答案D解析主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了新发现的一幅古代地图证明了发现美洲的第一人可能是中国航海家郑和,而不是哥伦布,所以选D项。B主题语境:人与社会语篇类型:说明文Throughouts

eafaringhistory,shipsandsailorshavebeenlosttostorms,accidentsandwar.Untilrecently,mostoftheseshipswere

weakwoodensailingvessels(船只),theirskeletons(骨架)quicklyeatenawaybyseacreatures.Now,largevesselsmadeofsteelfloatontheseas.Thousandsoftheseh

ugeshipshavebeenlostintimesofwarandintimesofpeace.Thebonesofgreatmetalships,unlikethewoodenvesselsofold,su

rvivethedestructionofthesealongenoughtobecomethehomeandharborforunderwaterlifeofallkinds.Shipwrecks(残骸)oftenprovidetheonlyhardsurfacean

dstructureatthesandybottomofthesea,somethingmanyseacreaturesneed.Theshiphasbeenunderwaterforonlyfivedays.Itssurfaceisst

illclean.Sixweekslater,thewreckiscoveredwithaslimylayerofalgae(海藻),butitisstillrecognizableasaship.Soon,animalsthatneedtoatta

chthemselvestoahardsurface,likethefeatherdusterworms,makethewrecktheirhome.Inwarmwaters,coralpolyps(珊瑚虫)settleonthewreckandbegintheprocessofbuild

ingarock-likecrustontheship.Smallfishareattractedonallofthesecreatures.Largerfishcometofeedonthesesmallfishthathi

deinthewreckage.Eventually,thelargestanimalsareattractedtotherichlifeontheshipwreck.Shipwrecksgiveusvaluableinform

ationabouthowseaplantsandanimalsdevelop.Weknowexactlyhowlongthiswreckhasbeenunderwaterandhowlongsealifehasbeengrowing

onit.Yeteventhestrongeststeelshipwreckwillfinallybedestroyedbytheflowsofwater.Butlongafterthiswreckhasbeenbrokena

part,itwillstillactasareef.Layeruponlayerofsealifehasformedastructurethatisnowmorenaturalthanartificial,andwillremaina

nislandoflifeunderthesea.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。船只沉入海底,残骸经过漫长的年代,最终变成各种海洋生物的家园和避风港。船只残骸为我们提供了极有价值的信息,让我们了解海洋动植物的

生长情况。5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutshipwrecks?A.Mostshipsinancienttimessankeasilyandbecameshipwrecks.B.Shipw

recks,forscientists,areworthresearchingtogetvaluableinformation.C.Theskeletonsofoldwoodenshipwreckswillexistforquitealongt

ime.D.Someseaanimalstendtoseekfoodontheshipwrecks.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,直到不久前,大多数船只还是脆弱的木质帆船,它们的骨架很快就被海洋生物侵蚀殆尽,由此可知C选项错在existforquit

ealongtime。6.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthearticleistotellus.A.thedifferencesbetweentheancientvesselsandthemodernonesB.howtheshipsbecomeshi

pwrecksatseaC.howcoralpolypsliveonthewreckinwarmwatersD.thevalueofstudyingshipwrecksatthebottomofthesea答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段并结合全文可知,船只残

骸为我们提供了极有价值的信息,让我们了解海洋动植物的生长情况,所以作者的写作意图是告诉我们研究海底船只残骸的意义。7.Whichofthefollowingisclosertotheunderlinedword“cr

ust”inParagraph4?A.Ahardoutercovering.B.Askinofarock.C.Aholeinaship.D.Asmallhouse.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据该句的句意可知,珊瑚虫居住在残骸上,开始在船身表面修筑如岩石般坚硬的外壳,故选A项。8.W

hatwillhappentoshipwrecksintheend?A.Theywillbepulledoutoftheseaforresearch.B.Theyarelikelytodisappearandformreefs.C.Theywill

becomeanislandunderthesea.D.Theywillbelikeworksofart.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,船只残骸会被流水侵蚀摧毁,最后形成礁石。Ⅴ.七选五主题语境:人与社会语篇类型:说明文I

tissometimesthoughtthatthelongingformaterialgoodsortheneedtobuythings,isarelativelymoderninvention.1Tradeorsho

ppingiscertainlyanancientdesire,andexistsbeforeourancestorsinventedwriting,laws,citiesorfarming,evenbeforethe

yusedmetaltomaketools.Humansareborntotrade.2Evidencefromhunter-gathererssuggeststhattheexchangeoffoodandothernecessarythingscomesnaturally,asw

ellastheabilitytokeeparecordofthecreditsinvolved.Andoncetradebegins,thebenefitsarehardtoresist.Ancientlocalcoastalpeople

innorthernAustraliatradedfishhooks,alongachainoftradingpartners,withpeopleliving400milesinland,whocutandpolishedlocalstonetomakeaxes(斧子).3Finally

,bothgroupsof“producers”,byconcentratingonthingstheycouldproduceandexchangingthemforotherthingstheyneeded,benefitedasaresult.T

radeinthenecessitiesoflife,suchasfoodandsimpletools,isnotreallysurprising,consideringthelinkbetweenthe

sebasicitemsandsurvival.Whatissurprising,though,isthatourtasteforunnecessaryexpensiveobjectsalsogoesbackalongway.InSouthAfrica,100,000-

year-olddecorativedyes(染料)havebeenfoundinanareawherenonewereproduced.4Smallroundpiecesofglass76,000y

earsoldwerealsofoundatthesameplace.Theearliestjewelleryknowntouswerenotjustrandomfindings—theyweregroupedtogetherinsizeandhadholeslikethose

usedforthreadingontoanecklace.Archaeologistsarguethattradepreparedthewayforthecomplexsocietiesinwhichwelivetoday.5However,theirmoderne

quivalents—fastcarsandexpensiveclothes—holdthesameattractionforusas“tradegoods”didforpeople100,000yearsago

.A.Andwedon’tneedshopsormoneytodoit.B.Thesearepowerfulevidenceforcashpurchase.C.Infact,itsrootsgobackto

thebeginningofhumanity.D.However,firsttradebeganfromtheexchangeofobjects.E.Modern-dayshoppersmaynotbeimpressedbyancientglasspieces.F.Itisthoughtthatt

hesegoodswereboughtatleast30kilometresaway.G.Everyindividualalongthechainmadeaprofit,evenifheproducedneitherhimself.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说

明文。文章主要讲了人类贸易交换的历史和发展。1.C上文提到人们有时认为,对物质的渴望或购买物品的需要,是一种相对现代的发明,下文提到贸易或购物是一种古老的欲望,需要填的内容起承上启下的作用,故选C项“事实上,它的根源追溯到人类的开始。”2.A上文提到人类生来就会贸易,

下文提到来自狩猎采集的证据表明食物和其他必需品的交换是自然而然发生的,需要填的内容起承上启下的作用,故选A项“我们不需要商店或金钱来做这件事。”3.G在上文内容中捕捉到关键词“achain”,联系下文内容可知,最后,这个群体中的“生产者”通过专注于他

们生产的东西或是和别人交换他们需要的其他东西,结果从中获益,由此推断,填的内容应该是贸易链中的每个个体都从中获益,即使他本人不曾制造物品,故选G项。4.F上文“提到在南非,十万年以前的染料被发现出现在一个不生产这种染料的地方,所以下

文会说那些货物被认为是至少从30千米以外买回来的,故选F项。