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Unit3BacktothepastSectionAWelcometotheunit&Reading课后篇巩固提升必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Iam(convince)thathehaslearnedfromhismistakes.答案convinced2.I(panic

)whenIsawsmokecomingoutoftheengine.答案panicked3.Itwassaidthatthecompanywasindeep(finance)difficulties

.答案financial4.totaloftwentypeoplelosttheirlivesbecauseofthebadweather.答案A5.Ourregionalmeasureshaveasignificantimpactunemployment.答案

on/upon6.Thenewlawisaimedat(strength)protectivemeasuresforworkers.答案strengtheningⅡ.短语填空onbehalfof,allowfor,reg

ardlessof,insiston,outofdanger,contributeto,berememberedas,beloadedwith,passon,searchfor1.Hegoingbacktohisworkinsteadofstayinginhospital.答案insiste

don2.Theyaspotwheretheycouldsitonthefloor.答案searchedfor3.Thesepersonalitytraitsgetfromgenerationtogeneration.答案

passedon4.Thetruck,whichatonofgoods,neededrepairing.答案wasloadedwith5.Theresearchshowsthatsmokingheartdisease.答案contri

butesto6.Doyouknowwhothepioneerofwesternmodernart?答案wasrememberedas7.I’mwritingmymothertoexpressherthanksforyour

gift.答案onbehalfof8.You’dbetterthemembersvotingagainstyou.答案allowfor9.Theclubwelcomesallnewmembersage.答案regardlessof10.Th

eoperationwasasuccessandthepatientwas.答案outofdangerⅢ.完成句子1.家长在孩子的成长过程中发挥着重要的作用。Parentsthegrowthoftheirchildren.答案playani

mportantrolein2.根据我们的记录,你已经缺席六次了。You’vebeenabsentsixtimes.答案accordingtoourrecords3.我们随后移居巴黎,在那里住了六年。WethenmovedtoParis,forsixyears.答案wherewelived4.他

因超速而被罚款,这对他而言是常有的事。him,hewasfinedforspeeding.答案Asisoftenthecasewith5.婚礼标志着埃玛生活新阶段的开始。TheweddinganewphaseinEmma’slife

.答案markedthebeginningof6.因为有很多作业要做,我不能和你一起去滑冰。alotofhomework,Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.答案With;todo关键能力提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解A主题语境:人与社会语篇类型:说明文Anew

lydiscoveredancientChinesemapmayprovethatitwasaChinesenavigatorwhofirstdiscoveredAmerica.Hemayhavemadethe

discoveryseventyyearsbeforeColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld.Themap,whichhasbeenondisplayinBeijing,issaidtobe

acopymadein1763ofamucholdermapdatingbackto1418.ItclearlydescribesAfrica,EuropeandtheAmericas.Ifit’sproventobebelievable,thema

pwouldprovidestrongevidencetosuggestthatthefamousMingDynastysailor,ZhengHe,beatChristopherColumbus,whoarrivedinAmericain

1492,tothediscoveryoftheNewWorld.LiuGang,aChineselawyerandmapcollector,boughtthemapinanantiquestoreinShangh

aiin2001forabout500dollars.LiuGangthinksthemapsupportsthethesisoftheBritishauthor,GavinMenzies,whoinhis2003bookarguedZhengHewasthefirstpersontocirc

umnavigate(环航)theglobeanddiscoverAmericasometimebetween1421and1423.“InprincipletheBritishauthorGavinisright.BeforeColum

bus,ZhengHediscoveredAmericaandthewholeworld.Butindetail,notexactly...threeyearsdifference.Idon’tthin

kthat’sabigdeal,”Liusaid.ZhengHecommandedagroupofships,whichsailedbetween1405and1433attheorderoftheemperorduringChina’sMingDynasty.Hisaimwas

tospreadtheglory(光荣)ofChinatotheworldandestablishtrade.ZhengHe’sexpeditionsnotonlydevelopedsearoutesfor

ChinatocrosstheIndianOceantoreachthePersianGulf,theArabianSea,theRedSea,andsoutheastAfrica,healsopavedthewayforla

terWesternexplorerstocometotheEast.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了新发现的一幅古代地图证明了发现美洲的第一人可能是中国航海家郑和,而不是哥伦布。1.WelearnfromP

aragraph1that.A.thewriterwasproudofanancientmapB.boththeChinesenavigatorandColumbuswereheroesC.theancientma

pmadebyaChinesenavigatorwasjustfoundD.theChinesenavigatormaybethefirstmanwhodiscoveredAmerica答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Anewlydiscoveredancient

ChinesemapmayprovethatitwasaChinesenavigatorwhofirstdiscoveredAmerica.”可知,中国航海家可能是第一个发现美洲的人,故选D项。2.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydes

cribestheancientmap?A.TheancientmapondisplayinBeijingissaidtobemadein1418.B.Theancientmap,whichissaidtobemadein1763,hasbeen

ondisplayinBeijing.C.TheancientmapwasboughtbyLiuGang,aChinesenavigatorin2001.D.TheancientmapwasintroducedtobelistedinGavin

’sbookbyLiuGangtosupporthisidea.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Themap,whichhasbeenondisplayinBeijing,issaidtobeacopy

madein1763ofamucholdermapdatingbackto1418.”可知,选项B的表述是正确的,故选B项。3.WhatdoestheBritishauthorinhisbooktrytoargueinthepassage?A.Thefirstpersonwhodiscovere

dAmericamaybeZhengHe.B.Thefirstpersontocircumnavigatetheglobeisnotworthdiscussing.C.TheyearwhenZhengHediscoveredAmericamaybebetween1421and1423.D.Th

eyearwhenChristopherColumbusdiscoveredAmericawasaheadof1423.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句内容可知,英国作家在他的书中试图证明发现美洲的第一人可能是郑和

,故选A项。4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnAncientMapandChristopherColumbusB.ZhengHe,LiuGa

ngandtheBritishAuthorC.ZhengHeSpreadstheGloryofChinatotheWorldD.AnAncientMapSuggestsChineseDiscoveredAmerica答案D解析主旨大意题。这篇文章

主要讲了新发现的一幅古代地图证明了发现美洲的第一人可能是中国航海家郑和,而不是哥伦布,所以选D项。B主题语境:人与社会语篇类型:说明文Throughoutseafaringhistory,shipsandsailorshavebeenlosttostorms,ac

cidentsandwar.Untilrecently,mostoftheseshipswereweakwoodensailingvessels(船只),theirskeletons(骨架)quicklyeatenawaybyseacreatures.Now,la

rgevesselsmadeofsteelfloatontheseas.Thousandsofthesehugeshipshavebeenlostintimesofwarandintimesofpeace

.Thebonesofgreatmetalships,unlikethewoodenvesselsofold,survivethedestructionofthesealongenoughtobecomethehomeandharborforunderwate

rlifeofallkinds.Shipwrecks(残骸)oftenprovidetheonlyhardsurfaceandstructureatthesandybottomofthesea,somethingmanyseacreatur

esneed.Theshiphasbeenunderwaterforonlyfivedays.Itssurfaceisstillclean.Sixweekslater,thewreckiscoveredwithaslimylaye

rofalgae(海藻),butitisstillrecognizableasaship.Soon,animalsthatneedtoattachthemselvestoahardsurface,likethefeatherdu

sterworms,makethewrecktheirhome.Inwarmwaters,coralpolyps(珊瑚虫)settleonthewreckandbegintheprocessofbuildingarock-likecrustontheship.Sm

allfishareattractedonallofthesecreatures.Largerfishcometofeedonthesesmallfishthathideinthewreckage.Eventually,thelargestanimalsareattractedto

therichlifeontheshipwreck.Shipwrecksgiveusvaluableinformationabouthowseaplantsandanimalsdevelop.Weknowe

xactlyhowlongthiswreckhasbeenunderwaterandhowlongsealifehasbeengrowingonit.Yeteventhestrongeststeelshipwreckwillfinallybedestroyedbytheflow

sofwater.Butlongafterthiswreckhasbeenbrokenapart,itwillstillactasareef.Layeruponlayerofsealifehasformedastructurethatisnowmorenaturalth

anartificial,andwillremainanislandoflifeunderthesea.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。船只沉入海底,残骸经过漫长的年代,最终变成各种海洋生物的家园和避风港。船只残骸为我

们提供了极有价值的信息,让我们了解海洋动植物的生长情况。5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutshipwrecks?A.Mostshipsinancienttimessankeasilyand

becameshipwrecks.B.Shipwrecks,forscientists,areworthresearchingtogetvaluableinformation.C.Theskeletonsofoldwoodenshipwreckswillexistforquite

alongtime.D.Someseaanimalstendtoseekfoodontheshipwrecks.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,直到不久前,大多数船只还是脆弱的木质帆船,它们的骨架很快就被海洋生物侵蚀殆尽,由此可知C选项错

在existforquitealongtime。6.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthearticleistotellus.A.thedifferencesbetweentheancientves

selsandthemodernonesB.howtheshipsbecomeshipwrecksatseaC.howcoralpolypsliveonthewreckinwarmwatersD.thevalueofstudyingshipwreck

satthebottomofthesea答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段并结合全文可知,船只残骸为我们提供了极有价值的信息,让我们了解海洋动植物的生长情况,所以作者的写作意图是告诉我们研究海底船只残骸的意义。7.Whichofthefollowingisclosertotheunderl

inedword“crust”inParagraph4?A.Ahardoutercovering.B.Askinofarock.C.Aholeinaship.D.Asmallhouse.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据该句的句意可知,珊瑚虫居住在残骸上,开始在船身表面修筑

如岩石般坚硬的外壳,故选A项。8.Whatwillhappentoshipwrecksintheend?A.Theywillbepulledoutoftheseaforresearch.B.Theyarelikelytodisappearandformreefs.C.They

willbecomeanislandunderthesea.D.Theywillbelikeworksofart.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,船只残骸会被流水侵蚀摧毁,最后形成礁石。Ⅴ.七选五主题语境

:人与社会语篇类型:说明文Itissometimesthoughtthatthelongingformaterialgoodsortheneedtobuythings,isarelativelymoderninvention.1T

radeorshoppingiscertainlyanancientdesire,andexistsbeforeourancestorsinventedwriting,laws,citiesorfarming,evenbeforetheyusedmet

altomaketools.Humansareborntotrade.2Evidencefromhunter-gathererssuggeststhattheexchangeoffoodandothernecessarythingscom

esnaturally,aswellastheabilitytokeeparecordofthecreditsinvolved.Andoncetradebegins,thebenefitsarehardtoresist.Ancientloc

alcoastalpeopleinnorthernAustraliatradedfishhooks,alongachainoftradingpartners,withpeopleliving400milesinland,whocutandpolishedlocalstonetomak

eaxes(斧子).3Finally,bothgroupsof“producers”,byconcentratingonthingstheycouldproduceandexchangingthemforotherthingstheyn

eeded,benefitedasaresult.Tradeinthenecessitiesoflife,suchasfoodandsimpletools,isnotreallysurprising,consid

eringthelinkbetweenthesebasicitemsandsurvival.Whatissurprising,though,isthatourtasteforunnecessaryexpensive

objectsalsogoesbackalongway.InSouthAfrica,100,000-year-olddecorativedyes(染料)havebeenfoundinanareawherenonewereproduced.4Smallroundpiecesofglass76,00

0yearsoldwerealsofoundatthesameplace.Theearliestjewelleryknowntouswerenotjustrandomfindings—theyweregroupedtogethe

rinsizeandhadholeslikethoseusedforthreadingontoanecklace.Archaeologistsarguethattradepreparedthewayforthecomplexsocietiesinwhichwelivet

oday.5However,theirmodernequivalents—fastcarsandexpensiveclothes—holdthesameattractionforusas“tradegoods”didforp

eople100,000yearsago.A.Andwedon’tneedshopsormoneytodoit.B.Thesearepowerfulevidenceforcashpurchase.C.Infact,itsrootsgobackt

othebeginningofhumanity.D.However,firsttradebeganfromtheexchangeofobjects.E.Modern-dayshoppersmaynotbeimpressedbyancientglasspi

eces.F.Itisthoughtthatthesegoodswereboughtatleast30kilometresaway.G.Everyindividualalongthechainmadeaprofit,eve

nifheproducedneitherhimself.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了人类贸易交换的历史和发展。1.C上文提到人们有时认为,对物质的渴望或购买物品的需要,是一种相对现代的发明,下文提到贸易或购物是一种古老的欲望,需要填的

内容起承上启下的作用,故选C项“事实上,它的根源追溯到人类的开始。”2.A上文提到人类生来就会贸易,下文提到来自狩猎采集的证据表明食物和其他必需品的交换是自然而然发生的,需要填的内容起承上启下的作用,故选A项“

我们不需要商店或金钱来做这件事。”3.G在上文内容中捕捉到关键词“achain”,联系下文内容可知,最后,这个群体中的“生产者”通过专注于他们生产的东西或是和别人交换他们需要的其他东西,结果从中获益,由此推断,填的内容应该是贸易链中的每个个体都从中获益,即使他本人不曾制造物品,故选G项

。4.F上文“提到在南非,十万年以前的染料被发现出现在一个不生产这种染料的地方,所以下文会说那些货物被认为是至少从30千米以外买回来的,故选F项。