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上海市实验学校2021学年第二学期高三四月月考英语卷1、考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2、试卷分为I卷和Ⅱ卷，全卷共14页(试题部分11页、答题部分3页)。3、所有选择题和语法题均在问卷星上完成，并及时

提交。4、概要、翻译和作文写在答题纸上，拍照后上传至QQ群英语作业。ListeningComprehension(25%)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheart

enshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid

.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefo

urpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.At10:00.B.Around9:00.C.At8:00D.Around7:00.2.A.Onaplane.B.O

natrain.C.Atarestaurant.D.Atatravelagency.3.A.Shopassistantandcustomer.B.Shopassistantandhermanager.C.Shop

assistantandherfather.D.Customerandtailor.4.A.Shewroteitlastsemester.B.She’llfinishitverysoon.C.Sheneverdoesa

ssignmentsearly.D.Sheisn’tgoingtowriteit.5.A.Sheshouldworkinthesummerschool.B.Sheshouldn’tgotoNewYorkinsummer.C.Sh

emaynotwanttodoso.D.Shemayhavedifficultyindoingso.6.A.Spendmoretimeonthecourse.B.Turntothegraduateassistantforhelp.CDropthelessonassoonaspos

sible.D.Helpthegraduateassistantwiththelesson7.A.Theyshouldbuyalotofmilk.B.Thesupermarketisn’tgoingtob

eclosed.C.Milkisoutofstockinthesupermarket.D.Theyshouldwaitforabetterdealonmilk.8.A.$15.B.$10.C.$30D.$50..9.A.Thewomandoesn’t

knowhowthecalculatorworks.B.Thewomanshouldenterthenumberinadifferentorder.C.Thecalculatorneedsanewbattery.

D.Thebatteryisnotcorrectlypositioned.10.A.Themanistooforgetful.B.Themanshouldn’tgetannoyed.C.Themanhastoomanykeys.D.Themanshouldattendmoreles

sons.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseve

ralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquest

ion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through

13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Totakemedicine.B.Tosleepmore.C.Toworkless.D.Togotravelling.12.A.Theyarenotharmfultothebrain.B.Theyhave

morebenefitsthanharm.C.Theyarenotworththepriceatall.D.Theyarevaluablebutcostly.13.A.Theydamageaperson

’smentalhealth.B.Theyreduceaperson’schanceofrecovery.C.Theyslowdownaperson’sreactiontochanges.D.Theyworsenaperson’sexistingtrouble.Ques

tions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Asuitcase.B.AwoolenblanketC.Analarmclock.D.Ashirt.15.A.Alarmclocksar

enotallowedonboard.B.Thespeakerhadatimebombinthesuitcase.C.Thetickingnoiseoftheclockcausedhimthetrouble.D.Theairlineofficial

andthepoliceofficerplayedajokeonhim.16.A.Heforgotoneofhissuitcases.B.Hewantedtogetouttosmoke.C.Hehadlosthiscellphone.D.Hewas

askedtogetoff.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Swimming.B.Skateboarding.C.Hiking.D.

Skiing.18.A.Becausetheconditionoftheroadsurfacemaybedangerous.B.Becausetheequipmentcanshowone’ssportscapability.C.Becausetheequipmentisnotexpensiv

etopurchase.D.Becausetherulesofthesportsrequireonetodoso.19.A.Tosolvehistrafficproblems.B.Tomakehislifemoref

un.C.Tofinishhiswork.D.Toentertainyoungpeople.20.A.Neitherisinteresting.B.Neitherispopular.C.Bothareexci

tingyetdangerous.D.Bothareconvenientyetboring.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethe

passagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthe

givenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.U.S.researchershavefoundtracesofanancientlakeonMarsrecently,increasinghopeso

fdiscoveringevidence____1____billionsofyearsagotheRedplanethostedlife.“Thelakeappears_____2_____(cover)asmuchas80squa

remilesandwasupto1,500feetdeep,”saidtheteamfromtheUniversityofColorado.“ThisisthefirstclearevidenceofshorelinesonthesurfaceofMars,”sai

dBoulder’sresearchassociate,GaetanoDiAchille,inastudypublishedinthelatesteditionofGeophysicalResearchLetters.“Theidentificationoftheshorelinesand

_____3_____(accompany)geologicalevidenceallowustocalculatethesizeandvolumeofthelake,whichprobably_____4_____(date)fr

omsome3.4billionyearsago.”Analysisoftheimageshasshownthatthewatercarvedoutthecanyoninwhichitwasfound,_

___5____thenopenedoutintoavalleydepositingsediment(沉积物)whichformedadelta.“Findingshorelinesisagreatdiscoverytous,”saidassistantprofessor

BrianHynek,addingitshowedthatthelake____6____(exist)atatimewhenMarswasthoughttohavebeencoldanddry.Thesciencefieldb

elievesthattheoldestsurfacesonMarsformedduringthewetandwarmera____7____(know)astheNoachanepoch,about4.1billionto3.7billionyearsago.Then

ewlydiscoveredlakeisbelievedtodatefromtheHsperianeraandpostdatestheendofthewarmandwetperiodonMars____8____300millionyears,accordingtothestudy.Scient

istsbelievedeltasnexttothelake____9____holdsecretsaboutpastlifeonMars_____10_____suchplacesonEarthhavebecomethenaturaldepositsoforgani

ccarbonandothermarkersoflife.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.N

otethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.non-existentB.ideaC.frustratedD.surgeE.applicationF.instantlyG.repetitiveH

.timelyI.considerationJ.swollenK.faultBeinganinformationtechnology,orIT,workerisnotajobIenvy.Theyarethe

oneswho,rightinthemiddleofacriticalmeeting,areexpectedto____11____fixtheprojectorthat’snolongerworking.Theyhavetotoleratethebadtempersofcolleagu

es____12____atthenumberoftimesthey’vehadtocallthehelpdeskforthesameissue.Theyarealsotheoneswhoknowtherearesyst

emsthataremorepowerful,reliableandfaster,buttheiremployersimplywillnotputupthefundstobuythem.Accordingto

arecentsurvey,employeeswhohaveajobreliantonITsupportconsiderITamajorsourceofjobdissatisfaction.Thoughno__

__13____oftheirown,theycansuddenlyfindtheirproductivitydeterioratingorqualitycontrol____14____.Andthere’slittletheycandoaboutit.Theexperienceofu

singITpenetrates(渗透)almosttheentireworkfield.Ithasbecomeacrucialpartofemployees’overallworkexperience.WhenITisoperatingas

itshould,employeeself-confidenceswells.Theirjobsatisfaction,too,can____15____whenwell-functioningmachinesrelievethemofdullt

asksor____16____processes.Butifthere’sonethingthattriggerswidespreademployeefrustration,it’sanITtransfor

mationprojectgonewrong,where____17____-expectationshavebeenpoppedandalonglistofpromisedefficiencieshavebeenreve

rsed.ThisoccurswhenbusinessleadersimplementITinitiativeswithlittle____18____ofhowthosechangeswillimpacttheenduser,whichiswhymanager

sshouldappreciatejusthowinfluentialtheITuserexperienceistotheiremployees,andexertsubstantialeffortinensuringtheirITteameliminatesprogrammingerrorsa

nd____19____crashes.Adequateand_____20_____ITsupportshouldalsobeavailabletoenableuserstocopewithtechnologica

lissuesatwork.Moreimportantly,ITpractitionersneedtounderstandwhatemployeesexperiencementallywhentheyuseIT.Therefore,bu

sinessesneedtosetuptheirITinfrastructuresothatitisdesignedtofitinwiththeiremployees’work,ratherthanadjusttheirwoktofitinwiththecompany’sITlimitations

.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Filline

achblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandt

heworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst____21____,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis____22____tool.Yetoncelanguagedev

eloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfutureattainmentsandculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis____23____forour

abilitytoproduceanduselanguage.Theyclaimthatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesuswithinnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlo

wer____24____.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour____25____forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguage

itselfdevelopsgradually,____26____afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Therefore,therearecritical____27____timesforla

nguagedevelopment.Current____28____ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.____29____,mo

reandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtinthelowergrades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearn

severallanguagesbybeingexposedtothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe____30____oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecom

efirmlyfixed.Althoughsomeaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeenisolatedfrom

otherhumanbeingsdonot____31____language.Thisdemonstratesthatinteractionwithotherhumanbeingsisnecessary

for____32____languagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage____33____thanany

innatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageas____34____,learnedbehavior.____35____,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Pa

rentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.21.A.originatedB.evo

lvedC.bornD.generated22.A.appropriateB.valuableC.reliableD.favorite23.A.essentialB.availableC.convenientD.responsible24.A.organizationsB.organi

smsC.humansD.children25.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passion26.A.asB.justasC.likeD.unlike27.A.i

deologicalB.biologicalC.socialD.psychological28.A.reviewsB.referencesC.reactionsD.recommendations29.A.InawordB.InasenseC.Indee

dD.Inconsequence30.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions31.A.understandB.speakC.possessD.interpret32.A.ri

ghtB.properC.accurateD.suitable33.A.appreciationB.acquisitionC.requirementD.alternative34.A.imitativeB.c

ommunicativeC.initiativeD.accumulative35.A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.AboveallD.InotherwordsSectionBDirections:Readthefollowi

ngthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B

,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)I’musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyr

esearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeitherhappierorunhappierormoreorlesscertainofthemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.Whileanyofthesestatem

entsmightbetrue,theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprovescientifically.Still,Iwasstruckbyareportwhichconclu

dedthattoday’schildrenaresignificantlymoreanxiousthanchildreninthe1950s.Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenaged9to17exhibitahigherlevelofanx

ietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50yearsago.WhyareAmerica’skidssostressed?Thereportcitestwomaincauses:increasingphysicalisolation—b

roughtonbyhighdivorceratesandlessinvolvementincommunity—andagrowingperceptionthattheworldisamoredangerousplace.Consideringthatweca

n’tturntheclockback,adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenextgeneration.Atthetopofthelistisnurturingabetterap

preciationofthelimitsofindividualism.Nochildisanisland.Strengtheningsocialtieshelpsbuildcommunitiesandprotectindividu

alsagainststress.Tohelpkidsbuildstrongerconnectionswithothers,youcanpulltheplugonTVsandcomputers.Yourfa

milywillthankyoulater.Theywillhavemoretimeforface-to-facerelationships,andtheywillgetmoresleep.Limittheamountofvirtualviolenceyourchildrenareex

posedto.It’snotjustvideogames,moviesandmobilephones;childrenseealotofmurderandcrimeonthelocalnews.Keepy

ourexpectationsforyourchildrenreasonable.ManyhighlysuccessfulpeopleneverattendedHarvardorYale.Makeexercisepartofyourdailyroutine.Itwillhelpyo

ucopewithyourownanxietiesandprovideagoodmodelforyourkids.Sometimesanxietyisunavoidable.Butitdoesn’thavetoruinyourlife.36.Accordingtoananalysis,c

omparedwithnormalchildrentoday,childrentreatedasmentallyill50yearsago________.A.wereprobablylessself-centeredB.were

lessisolatedphysicallyC.wereconsideredlessindividualisticD.probablysufferedlessfromanxiety37.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays,“wecan’tturntheclockb

ack”(Line1Para.3)?A.It’simpossibletoforgetthepast.B.It’simpossibletoslowdownthepaceofchange.C.Lessonslearnedfromthepastshouldnotbeforgotten.D.Theso

cialrealitychildrenarefacingcannotbechanged.38.Thefirstandmostimportantthingparentsshoulddotohelptheirchildrenis____

____.A.togetthemmoreinvolvedinsocietyB.tosetagoodmodelforthemtofollowC.tolowertheirexpectationsforthefutureD.toprovidethemwithasafere

nvironment39.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?AChildren’sanxietyisnotsoseriousasitseems.B.Anxiety,thoughunavoidable,canbecoped

with.C.Children’sanxietycanbeeliminatedwithmoreparentalcare.D.Anxiety,ifproperlycontrolled,mayhelpchildre

nbecomemature.(B)ExploresomeofNewZealand’sbestskiing&snowboardingfield.Whateveryourability,Cardronahasthesnow

foryou!The2021winterseasonrunsfromJune16–October14,2021.HalfDay&1DayliftpassesaresplitintoPeak&OffPeakpricing:Peak-July

,August&SeptemberOffPeak-June&October*Halfdaypasses:8.30a.m.–12.30p.m.morning,12.30p.m.–4p.m.afternoon*R

ockyMountainSuperPassholdersmustbooklodgingwithCardronatobeeligibleforfreedaypasses.Pleaseemailreservations@cardrona.comwithanaccommodation

bookingrequest&theliftticketbenefitrequest.WhatpassamIeligiblefor?Readourliftpassdefinitionsbelowtofindout..*Multipassesarevalidforbothco

nsecutive&non-consecutivedays&canbeusedanytimethroughoutthe2021winterseasonatCardronaonly.Yourliftpasswil

lbestoredonanelectronicRFIDpass.Tomakethemostofyourcleverpass,activateyourpersonalprofileonline.Onceyou’reloggedintoyourprofileyoucan:

▪Topupyourcardwithliftpasses,rentalgear,lift&rentalpackagesandlessons.▪Keeptrackofyouron-slopestatisticsatCardrona(da

ysspent,runcount,activitiestaken,etc.)DefinitionsforLiftPasses:Student:18+yrsenrolledfulltime(minimum32weeksina

calendaryear)withaNewZealandorAustraliantertiaryinstitution.StudentID&proofoffulltimestatus(letterfrominstitution)isrequired.IDcardmustbein

English&includeavalidexpirydate.Child:Currentlyattendingschool,6-17yrsinclusive.Kidsunder6skiforfreeinwin

ter,&kidsunder9bikeforfreeinsummer!PhotoIDwillberequired.Senior:65–74yrsofagePhotoIDwillberequired.Under6yrs&75Years+:Under6yrs&over75yrs,a

satJune1,2021,skiforfree.Pleasecollectacomplimentaryliftpassfromtheticketoffice.PhotoIDwillberequired.40.Afteractivationofyour

onlineprofile,whatcanyoudotomaximizethevalueofyourpass?A.YoucanmonitorwhatactivitiesyouhavedoneatCardrona.B.Youcanstoreyourliftpa

ssonanelectronicRFIDpass.C.Youcanopenuptheonlineaccountofyourcleverpass.D.Youcanparticipateinmosttutorlessonswithoutanych

arge.41.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Cardronaisonlyopentothosewhoareskilledatsno

wingorskiing.B.OnecangetinCardronafrom8.30a.m.to4p.m.with1DayPeakpass.C.AnyonewithRockyMountainSuperPasscanhavefreeaccesstoCar

drona.D.Thosewith1DayOffPeakpassareentitledtoskiatCardronaonOct.24th.42.HowmuchwilltheHalfDayPeakpasse

scostforafamilyoftwoparents,one12-year-oldboy,onefreshmanatAucklandUniversity,one5yearsold,andonegrandmotherof76?A.$270B.$275C.$295D

.$320(C)Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,farmersindevelopingcountriesareusingrawsewage.(下水道污水)toirrigateandfertiliz

enearly49millionacresofcropland,accordingtoanewreport—anditmaynotbeabadthing.Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealt

hrisksformany,thosedangersareoutweighedbythesocialandeconomicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandconsumerswhoneedaffordablefood.“There

isalargepotentialforwastewateragriculturetobothhelpandhurtgreatnumbersofurbanconsumers,”saidLiqaRaschid-Sally,wholedthestudy

.Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas,wherefarmsinornearcitiessupplyrelativelyinexpensivefood.Mostoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwat

erfromlocalriversorlakes.Unlikedevelopedcities,however,theseareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfaciliti

es,andriverseffectivelybecomesewers(下水道).Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigation,farmersriskabsorbingdiseas

e-causingbacteria,asdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunwashed.Nearly2.2millionpeopledieeachyearbecauseofdiar

rhea-related(与腹泻相关的)diseases,accordingtoWHOstatistics.Morethan80%ofthosecasescanbeattributedtocontactwithcontaminatedwate

randalackofpropersanitation.ButPayDrechsel,anenvironmentalscientist,arguesthatthesocialandeconomicbenefitsofusinguntreatedhumanwastetogrowf

oodoutweighthehealthrisks.Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hesaid,whilethefreewaterandnutrientsfromhumanwastecan

helpurbanfarmersindevelopingcountriestoescapepoverty.Agricultureisawater-intensivebusiness,accountingfornear

ly70%ofglobalfreshwaterconsumption.Inpoor,dryregions,untreatedwastewateristheonlyviableirrigationsourcetokeepfarmersinbusiness.Ins

omecases,waterissoscarcethatfarmersbreakopensewagepipestransportingwastetolocalrivers.Irrigationistheprimaryagricultura

luseofhumanwasteinthedevelopingworld.Butfrequentlyuntreatedhumanwasteharvestedfromlavatoriesisdeliveredtofarmsandspreadasfertilizer.I

nmostcases,thehumanwasteisusedongraincrops,whichareeventuallycooked,minimizingtheriskoftransmittingwater-bornediseases.

Withfertilizerpricesjumpingnearly50%permetrictonoverthelastyearinsomeplaces,humanwasteisanattractive,andoftennecessary,

alternative.Incaseswheresewagemudisused,expensivechemicalfertilizerusecanbeavoided.Themudcontainsthesamecriticalnutrients.“Overlystrictstandardso

ftenfail,”JamesBartram,aWHOwater-healthexpert,said.“Weneedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithlittleornotreatmentwillbeus

edinagricultureforgoodreason.”43.Whatisthemainproblemcausedbytheuseofwastewaterforirrigation?A.Farmersandconsumersmaybea

ffectedbyharmfulbacteria.B.Itwillmakethefarmproducelesscompetitiveonthemarket.C.Itwilldriveproducersofchemicalfertiliz

ersoutofbusiness.D.Riversandlakesnearbywillgraduallybecomecontaminated.44.WhatisenvironmentalscientistPayDrech

sel’sattitudetowardstheuseofuntreatedhumanwasteinagriculture?AIndifferent.B.Responsible.C.Favorable.D.Skeptical.45.WhatdoesP

ayDrechselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwasteforfarming?A.Theycanbeaddressedbyimprovedsanitat

ion.B.Theywillbeminimizedwithnewtechnology.C.Theyhavebeensomewhatexaggerated.DTheycanbedealtwiththrou

gheducation.46.WhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram’spositionontheuseofhumanwasteforfarming?A.Hechallenges

LiqaRaschid-Sally’sconclusion.B.Hedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobalpoverty.C.HeechoesPayDrechsel’sopinionontheissu

e.D.Hethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfoodcrisis.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachs

entencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,choo

sethebestanswersfromthesixstatementsaccordingtowhatyouhavejustread.YourIncredibleBrainPhysicistEmersonPughoncesaidthatifthehumanbrainweresosi

mplethatwecouldunderstandit,wewouldbesosimplethatwecouldn’t.Thankfully,thecomplexityofbrainissogreatthatwearenotsimple

andneither,therefore,isthetaskofunderstandingit.___47___Ourlatestattempttocountthemsuggeststhereare75differentty

pesintheneocortexalone,thearearesponsibleforourmostadvancedthoughtsandbehaviors.Thatisn’ttosayoureffortstoexplorethebrai

n’smysteriesareinvain.DespitePugh’sobservation,wearealwayslearningmoreandmoreabouthowa1.5-kilogramlumpoftissuethatfluttersandcracklesinsideourskull.

.cancomeupwithourmostelaborate―behaviors.____48____Breakthroughsintheunderstandingofhowourbrainstitch(缝合)to

getheroursenseofrealityareredefiningwhatitmeanstobeconscious.Theyarealsohighlightingthepersistentpowerofthemind,eveninthecasesinwhic

hourbodieshideallsignsofawareness.Wedon’tappeartobeheadingtowardsaworldofjarsfullofbrains,bodiesthrownaway,justyetthough.___49___Gutthinkingisnotjust

acleverturnofphrase:microbesinourintestines(肠道)affectourriskforneurologicalconditions,andcaninfluenceourmoodandmental

health.Andwhenitcomestopreventingcognitivedecline,physicalactivityiscrucial.Still,let’snotrejectasci-f

ifutureentirely―weknow,forinstance,thatmagneticstimulationcanhavemanyuses,fromtreatingdepressiontosuperchargingourbrai

n’sprocessingpower,effectivelymakingussmarter.Thehumanbrainhasmanymorerevelationsinstore,andtheymayrequireustorethinkoldideasorcorrectourassumpti

ons.____50____Afterall,betweenourearsliesthemostcomplexobjectintheknownuniverse.A.Butthatshouldcomeasnosur

prise.B.Ourbrain-bodyconnectionhasneverbeensostrong.C.Pugh’sclaimappearstobewidelychallengedamongscientificcircles.D.Yeteachne

winsightraisesmorequestions,whileitalsocastsage-oldproblemsinanewlight.E.Weseemtohavealongwaytogobeforewewillbeableto

shedanyfurtherlightonthestructureofthebrain.F.However,itcanfeellikeanamazingachievementtoestablishevenbasicfacts,suchashowmanydifferent

kindsofbraincellswehave.第II卷(共50分)IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthep

assageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TeachingChildrenaboutForgivenessIfyou’veseenyourchildrenstruggletoforgivesomeone

forhurtingthem,youknowthatforgivenessiscomplicated.Afterall,forgivenessiscomplicatedforadults,too.Attimes,wewonderwhywe’retryingtoforgivesomeone

anyway;later,wemightthinkwe’veforgiventhem,onlytoexperienceasuddenburstofanger.Indeed,ittakesmanyyearsforustogr

aspthemeaningofforgivenessaswegrowup.It’sunderstandablethatchildrenmayfeelhurtorangrywhenafrienddoessomethingless-than-kindtothem.Maybethefrien

dsaidsomethingunkindorbrokesomethingprecious,embarrassedthem,excludedthem,ortoldtheirsecrets.Childrenmaybetemptedtogetevenwithafriendwho’sdonethemwr

ong,bydoingsomethingworseortellingeveryonehowterriblethefriendis,buttryingtogetrevengeonlyescalates(升级)theconflict.Parentscanplayanimportan

troleinteachingchildrenaboutforgiveness.Childrenwatchhowimportantadultsintheirlivesrespondwhensomeonedoessomethingunkind.Dothey

complaintoothersorspeakdirectlytothepersoninvolved?Howlongdoesittakethemtogetoverbeingmadorhurt?Howdotheygetov

erit?Parentscanteachtheirchildrenaboutthevalueofforgivenessbyregularlypracticingitintheirownlives.Sometimesparentscantalkwiththeirchil

drenaboutforgiveness,basedonwherekidsareintheircognitive(认知的)andemotionaldevelopment.Forexample,childrenn

eedtounderstandthatnooneisperfect,sogenerouslyforgivingawell-meaningfriendisacaringthingtodo.Ifparentscanhelpchildrenseethingsalittlemore

fromotherpeople’sperspective,thiswillmakeforgivenesseasier.Theseconversationscanchangethewaychildrenthinkaboutforgivenessandhelpthememotio

nallyrecoverwhentheyinevitablyexperienceharmandunfairtreatmentfromothersinlife._____________________

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_____________________________________________________________V.TranslationDirections:Translatethefollowingsentencesin

toEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.一批又一批的中学生自愿加入了抗击疫情的战斗。（volunteer）（汉译英）53.他们所称的“弱势群体”指的是没子女陪伴的残疾老人。（refer

）（汉译英）54.在桥梁建筑领域工作了数十年，这位资深工程师处理起这种问题来游刃有余，你尽管放心。（count）（汉译英）55.目前有些家庭严重缺少食物、药物之类的必需品，但问题不是这些物资供应短缺，而是没有足够的人手进行运输和配送。（lie）（汉

译英）VI.GuidedWriting56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelow

inChinese.假如你是实验中学高三学生龚瞩，下个月学校即将迎来35周年校庆，现在策划团队向全校同学征集校庆当天各项活动的“金点子”。请给学生会写一封电子邮件，谈谈自己的方案并说明理由。_________________________________________

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