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2021-2022学年度上海市曹杨第二中学高二年级第二学期期中考试英语试卷I.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(20’)(1)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomake

thepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfor

mofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankTheVaccineHunterMartyVerela59-year-oldkidneytransplantr

ecipientinOhio,shouldhavebeennearthetopofthelisttoreceiveaCOVID-19vaccine.Yet____1____millionsofothers,hewasn’thavinganyluckschedulinganappointment.

Martyandhiswife,NancyVerel,wouldsitwithcomputersontheirlapstryingforhours____2____(book)anappointmentondifferentsites,al

lof____3____wereslowandconvoluted(复杂的).“Ifeelhopeless,”Nancysays.ThenNancyheardaboutMarlaZwinggi,a40-year-oldmomofthreefromaClevelandsuburb__

__4____wasspendinguptotenhoursadayonlinetryingtosecureappointmentsforvulnerableindividuals.SoNancymessagedZwinggionFac

ebook:Canyouhelp?Twenty-fiveminuteslater,ZwinggirespondedbyaskingforMarty’slegalname,dateofbirth,andotherinformation.NineminutesafterthatZ

winggireportedback—Martyhadanappointmenttogetthevaccine.Zwinggi’svaccinehuntingstartedonFebruary1whens

helearnedthatherparentswereunabletogetappointments____5____.Shehatedthattheyhadtowait.____6____(click)aroundonvaccineregistrationsites,Zwingg

i,whohashelpedherhusbanddevelopwebsites,discoveredjust____7____difficultitwastobookanappointment.“Itwasl

iketryingtogetaWorldSeriesticket,”shesays.Sheappliedstrategiesthatwebinsidersarefamiliarwith(keepingmultiplebrowsersopenrefreshingsit

esevery20seconds,erasingcookies)andaddedafewofherspecialskills.“I’mtenacious(坚决的).Idrinkalotofcoffee,andI’mafasttyp

er,”shesays.Soonenough,Zwinggihadsecuredappointmentsforbothofherparents.“Ifeltlikearockstar,”shesays.Zwinggide

cidedthathelpingotherswouldbeherwayofgivingback.“Ifeelobligedtowillusoutofthispandemic.”shesays.OnFebruary10.sh

eloggedontoFacebooktoletpeopleknowthatshe____8____(assist)withbookings.ByMarch2,she____9____(secure)appointmentsfor400

people—____10____lovingactthatmadeNancyconclude,“MarlaissomesortofCOVIDangel.”【答案】1.like2.tobook3.which4.who##that5.themselves6.Clicking7.how8.wa

sassisting9.hadsecured10.a【解析】【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了疫情期间，为了回馈社会，MarlaZwinggi作为网络业内人士，凭借对网络策略的熟悉和自己特殊的网络技能，已帮助400人在网上成功预约

接种疫苗。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，和其他数百万人一样，他没有能安排预约的运气。设空处应填介词like，意为“像”，根据后半句hewasn’thavinganyluckschedulinganappointment可知，预约疫苗这事很困难，因为需要疫苗的人太多了，很多

人都没有那份运气可以得到疫苗，MartyVerel就和其他数百万人一样。故填like。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：马蒂和他的妻子南希·韦雷尔会把电脑放在腿上，花上几个小时在不同的网站上预约，所有这些网站又慢又复杂。

马蒂夫妇上网的目的是预约疫苗,此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填tobook。【3题详解】考查定语从句。句意：马蒂和他的妻子南希·韦雷尔会把电脑放在腿上，花上几个小时在不同的网站上预约，所有这些网站又慢又复杂。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为dif

ferentsites，为物，作从句主语，且位于介词of之后，应用which引导。故填which。【4题详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，南希听说了来自克利夫兰郊区、有三个孩子的40岁母亲马拉·茨温基，她每天花多达10个小时在网上为弱势群体争取预约。此处是限定性定语从句，先

行词为mom，为人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。【5题详解】考查反身代词。句意：茨温基从2月1日开始寻找疫苗，当时她得知父母自己无法预约（疫苗）。此处表示“他们自己”，应用反身代词themselves。故填thems

elves。.【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：点击疫苗注册网站，茨温基，还曾帮助丈夫开发过网站的她，发现预约是多么困难。设空处为非谓语动词，click与逻辑主语Zwinggi之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。句首的单词，首字母要大写。故填Clicking。【7

题详解】考查感叹词。句意：点击疫苗注册网站，茨温基，还曾帮助丈夫开发过网站的她，发现预约是多么困难。discovered后接宾语从句，空后为形容词，此处的宾语从句是感叹句，应用how引导。故填how。【8题详解】考查时态。句意：2月10日，她登录Facebook让人们知

道她正在协助预约疫苗。根据句意，当茨温基在2月1日帮助父母在网上疫苗预约成功后，他就开始网上助人预约疫苗，以回馈社会，所以在登陆Facebook时，这个善举正在进行中，在过去某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作，谓语动词应用过去进行时，主语为she，助动词用was。故填wasassisti

ng。【9题详解】考查时态。句意：到3月2日，她已经为400人安排了预约——这一充满爱心的举动让南希得出结论：“玛拉是COVID的某种天使。”根据时间状语ByMarch2可知，句子应用过去完成时态。故填h

adsecured。【10题详解】考查冠词。句意：到3月2日，她已经为400人安排了预约——这一充满爱心的举动让南希得出结论：“玛拉是COVID的某种天使。”茨温基在疫情期间在网络上帮助400人成功预约接种疫苗，是一个善举，名词act为可数名词单数，lo

ving为辅音音素开头，此处用不定冠词a。故填a。(2)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheb

lankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbes

tfitseachblankBehaviourcontractsforteenagersTheconflictbetweenyouandyoursonordaughterisaproblemandmaybei

t’stimeyou____11____(think)aboutsettingupa“homerulescontract”Thisisanideathat’sbeingusedmoreandmoreoften.especiallyinfam

ilieswithrebelliousteenagechildren.WeinterviewedDrAmyBarker,apsychologist,whoisinfavouroftheidea.Whatisahomerulescontract?DrBarker:It’saformalag

reementabouttherulesofbehaviorthatteenagers____12____(expect)tofollowathome.Ishouldstateclearlywhattherulesare,whatpr

ivilegestheteenswillgetiftheyobeytherulesandwhatpunishmentswillfollowiftheydon’t.Thecontractissignedbyeveryone____13____(involve),justlikealegaldocum

ent.Who____14____writethecontract?DrBarker:Alltheadultswhohaveaparentalroleshouldbeengaged.It'simportantthattheyallagreeand

sticktotherulesthemselves.Atthesametime,theteenagersshouldalsocontributetheirideas.____15____theytakepartinmakingtherules

,they’llbemorelikelytofollowthem.Thefinalcontractshouldbetheresultofdiscussion,____16____(respect)everyone’spointofview,a

ndallthepeoplewhohavesignedshouldgetacopy.Whataretheadvantagesofacontract?DrBarker:Itmakesitveryclea

rtoteenswhattheyareandaren’tallowed____17____(do),andtheycanseewhattheconsequencesoftheiractionswillbe.Sotheylearntocontroltheirbehaviour.Forparents

,thecontractstrengthenstheirauthorityandhelpsthemtobefairandreliable.Whatareasshouldbecoveredinacontract?DrBarker:Thatdepends.Youcan’tma

kerulesforeverything,soyouhavetodecidewhat'smostimportantand____18____themainproblemslie.Commontopicsincludethehours____19____teenagersou

ghttobehome,thespendingmoneytheyreceive,thehouseworktheyneedtodoathomeandtheiruseofphonesornetworkingsites.Forolderteens,rulesaboutdrivingacarmayals

obeimportant.Docontractssolvealltheproblems?DrBarker:No.ofcoursenot!Therewillalwaysbeconflictsanddisagr

eements____20____peopleinafamily.Butacontractthateveryonerespectscanhelptokeepthepeace.【答案】11.thought12.ar

eexpected13.involved14.should15.If16.respecting17.todo18.where19.when20.between【解析】【导语】本文为一个访谈对话。为了帮助青少年形成正确的行为规范，在父母和子女，尤其是叛逆的孩子，之间减少冲突和分歧

，有必要一家人坐下来制定一份家规。访谈中提及了家规的定义、谁来定家规、定家规的好处、家规应包含的内容，以及家规能否解决所有的问题。【11题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：你和你的儿子或女儿之间的冲突是一个问题，也许是时候考虑建立一个“家庭规则合同”了。此处考查固定句型It’stime(

that)sbdidsth，意为“是某人该做某事的时候了”，定语从句用一般过去时态，表与现在事实相反的虚拟。think的过去式为thought。故填thought。【12题详解】考查时态、语态。句意：这是一项关于青少年在家中应遵守的行为规则的正式协议。rules为先行词，后接限制性定语从句。此处

考查动词短语expectsbtodosth，意为“期望某人做某事”；定语从句缺谓语动词，expect与逻辑主语teenagers为动宾关系，应用被动语态，陈述客观事实，谓语动词用一般现在时态，故此处应用一般

现在时的被动语态。主语teenagers为复数，助动词应用are，故填areexpected。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：合同由所有相关人员签署，就像法律文件一样。设空处为非谓语动词，involve，意为“牵涉，涉及”，与逻辑主语everyone之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词

，作后置定语。故填involved。【14题详解】考查情态动词。句意：谁应该写合同?空后为动词原形，根据第四个问题“Whatareasshouldbecoveredinacontract?(合同应该包括哪些方面?

)”，此处用情态动词should，此文中表征询建议，意为“该”。故填should。【15题详解】考查连接词。句意：如果他们参与制定规则，他们就更有可能遵守这些规则。从句为一般现在时，主句为一般将来时，设空处应用连接词if，引导条件状语从句，表假设、条件。句首的单词，首字

母要大写。故填If。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最终的合同应该是经过讨论的结果，尊重每个人的观点，并且所有签过字的人都应该得到一份。设空处后接名词短语everyone’spointofview，应作非谓语单词，respect与逻辑主语之

间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填respecting。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词，句意：它让青少年清楚地知道他们可以做什么，不可以做什么，他们可以看到他们的行为将产生的后果。此处考查动词短语allowsbtodosth的被动语态,设空处应填动词不定式，作逻辑

主语they的补语。故填todo。【18题详解】考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：你不能为每件事都制定规则，所以你必须决定什么是最重要的，以及主要的问题在哪里。lie为不及物动词，从句中缺地点状语，故设空处应填where，引导宾语从句。故填where

。【19题详解】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：常见的话题包括青少年应该在家的时间、他们收到的零花钱、他们需要在家做的家务以及他们使用电话或社交网站的情况。thehours为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作时间状语，设空处应用关系副词

when引导从句。故填when。【20题详解】考查介词。句意：在一个家庭中，人与人之间总是会有冲突和分歧。此处考查名词短语conflictsbetween…，意为“……之间的冲突、矛盾”，disagreementsbetween...，意为“……之间的分歧”。设空处应填介词betwe

en，后接宾语peopleinafamily。故填between。SectionB(20)(1)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce

.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.significantB.collectionC.safeD.controversyE.toleranceF.majorityG.restoredH.col

onizedI.diverseJ.negotiatedK.sharedWhenwevisitmuseums,weseeculturalartifacts-fromeverydayhouseholditemstopreciouscarvingsandstatues,thatgiveusglimps

esintothe____21____culturesandcommunitiesfromaroundtheworld.However,____22____surroundstheseartifactsandwhetherornotcountriesshouldreturnthesepiece

sofcultureiftheywerestolenorforcefullytakenduringcolonization.Bythe18thand19thcenturies,EuropeancountriessuchasBritain,Francea

ndtheNetherlandshad____23____manyAfricanandAsiancountries.Duringtheirrule,theyeitherseizedartifactsortookthemasspoilsofwars,andbrough

tthemtotheirowncountrieswheretheyarenowdisplayedinmuseums.In2017,theGovernmentofBenininWestAfrica____24____withtheBritishM

useuminLondontoreturntheirrenownedBeninBronzes,a____25____ofthousandsofmetalsculpturesandplaques,whichwerepre

viouslyhungintheroyalpalaceoftheKingdomofBenin.Thedebateregardingthisissuetookaturnin2018whenunderPresidentEmmanuelMacronareportw

asreleasedthatdirectedthatallheritageobjectsbroughttoFrenchmuseums(withoutthepermissionoftheiroriginalcountries)be____26____.Withtheofficialr

eleaseofthisreport.museumsallacrossEuropebeganreconsideringtheirpreviouspoliciesoncolonialtreasures.Thosewhoproposeretu

rningtheseobjectstotheiroriginalhomesarguethatwithtechnologyenablingvirtualmuseumtours,returningtheseartifactstotheirho

melanddoesnottakeawaytheopportunitytolearnaboutthem.Furthermore,thecountryoforiginwillreceivea____27____partoftheirheritageback,andthesear

tifactswillbegivenachancetobetrulyappreciatedunderproperhistoricalcontext.Thoseagainsttherestorationclaimthatcultureisa____28____treasurea

ndtheartifactsareinfact“culturalambassadors”thatpromote____29____andunderstandingTheybelievethatwhilestealingthemwaswrong,historyisfullof“good

”and“bad”actors.Moreover,theyfeelthatkeepingtheculturalobjectsinthecurrentmuseumshavekeptmillionsofartifacts____30____fromdisfigurationandd

amage.【答案】21.I22.D23.H24.J25.B26.G27.A28.K29.E30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。当我们参观博物馆时，我们可以看到文化制品——从日常家居用品到珍贵的雕刻品和雕像，让我们得以一窥世界各地不同的文化

和社区。然而，围绕这些文物的争议在于，如果这些文物是在殖民时期被盗或被强行带走的，国家是否应该归还这些文物。文章主要说明了西非的贝宁政府与伦敦的大英博物馆谈判，归还他们著名的贝宁青铜器这一文物归还问题。不同的人对此有不同的看法。【21题详解】考查形容词。句

意：当我们参观博物馆时，我们可以看到文化制品——从日常家居用品到珍贵的雕刻品和雕像，让我们得以一窥世界各地不同的文化和社区。根据后文“culturesandcommunitiesfromaroundt

heworld”以及句意“不同的”可知应填形容词diverse，作定语。故填diverse。故选I。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，围绕这些文物的争议在于，如果这些文物是在殖民时期被盗或被强行带走的，国家是否应

该归还这些文物。根据后文“surroundstheseartifactsandwhetherornotcountriesshouldreturnthesepiecesofcultureiftheywerestolenorforcefull

ytakenduringcolonization”以及句意“争议”可知应填名词controversy，作主语。故填controversy。故选D。23题详解】考查动词。句意：到了18世纪和19世纪，英国、法国和荷兰等欧洲国家已经在许多非洲和亚洲国家建立【了殖民地

。根据上文“EuropeancountriessuchasBritain,FranceandtheNetherlandshad”以及句意“殖民”可知应用动词colonize，此处应用其过去分词和had构成过去完成时。故填colonized。故选H。【24题详解】考查动词。句意：

2017年，西非的贝宁政府与伦敦的大英博物馆谈判，归还他们著名的贝宁青铜器，这是一组由数千件金属雕塑和牌匾组成的收藏品，此前曾挂在贝宁王国的王宫里。根据后文“withtheBritishMuseuminLondontoreturnth

eirrenownedBeninBronzes”以及句意“谈判”可知应填动词negotiate，结合上文In2017可知为一般过去时。故填negotiated。故选J。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：2017年，西非的贝宁政府与伦敦的大英博物

馆谈判，归还他们著名的贝宁青铜器，这是一组由数千件金属雕塑和牌匾组成的收藏品，此前曾挂在贝宁王国的王宫里。根据后文“ofthousandsofmetalsculpturesandplaques”以及句意“组”可知应填名词collection，故填coll

ection，acollectionof“一批……”。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词。句意：2018年，在EmmanuelMacron总统的领导下，一份报告发布，要求归还（未经原籍国许可）被带到法国博物馆的所有文物，这一问题

的辩论出现了转机。根据后文“Thoseagainsttherestoration”以及句意“归还”可知应用动词restore，此处为被动语态，应用其过去分词形式，故填restored。故选G。【27题

详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，原产国将收回他们遗产的重要部分，这些文物将有机会在适当的历史背景下得到真正的欣赏。根据后文“partoftheirheritageback”以及句意“重要”可知应填形容词

significant，作定语。故填significant。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词。句意：反对归还的人主张，文化是共同的财富，文物是促进宽容和理解的“文化大使”。根据上文“Thoseagainsttherestorationclaimthatcultureisa”以及句意

“共同的”可知应填形容词shared，作定语。故选K。【29题详解】考查名词。句意：反对归还的人主张，文化是共同的财富，文物是促进宽容和理解的“文化大使”。根据后文“andunderstanding”以及句意“宽容”可知应填名词tole

rance，作宾语。故填tolerance。故选E。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，他们认为他们保护了保存在现在的博物馆里的文物的安全，让数以百万计的文物免受毁损和损坏。根据后文“fromdisfigurationanddamage”以及句意“安全”

可知应填形容词safe，作宾补。故填safe。故选C。(2)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagesbyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeus

edonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.handfulB.relievedC.contributorD.subsistenceE.knowledgeF.academicallyG.relevanceH.additionalI.denied

J.inevitablyK.prosperousTherearealotoffactorsthatstopchildrenfromgettinganeducation.Forexample,ifacountryisatwarorgo

ingthroughaperiodofpoliticalproblems,schoolattendancewill____31____drop.Insuchcircumstances,childrenoftengetcaughtupintheirnation’sconf

lict.Currently,about300,000childrenintheworldarechildsoldiers.Economicfactorsarealsoakey____32____tolowschoolattendance

.AccordingtoUNESCOfigures,215millionchildrenarealreadyworkingandtheirincomesareoftenessentialfortheirf

amilies.Inthedevelopingworld,it’smuchmorelikelythatgirlsare____33____agoodeducation.Sometimesculturalandreligiousfactorsmayp

rohibitgirlsfromgoingtoschool.Butmoreoftenthannot,thereasonsareeconomic.Adultmaleshavemoreopportunitiestoearnmoneyiftheyhave

aneducation.Consequently,forpoorfamilies,itmakesmoresensetosendtheirboystoschool.Itisreasonabletoask

what____34____educationhasforchildrenandtheirfamiliesinpoverty-strickencountries.Forpeoplelivinginremotecommunitieswhobringuptheirchi

ldreninharshconditionsandoftenrelyon____35____farmingtosurvive,educationmaynotseemimportant.However,thisisnottrue.Educationisvitaltopeoplewholiveinlo

w-incomecountrieswherethereareonlyamere____36____ofemploymentopportunities.Inthenextfewdecades,jobsintechnologyandcommunications,whichrequirelitera

cyandnumeracyskills.willreplacemanualjobsmoreandmore.Expertsestimatethatevery____37____yearofeducationwil

lincreasetheincomeofapersoninalow-incomecountryby10percent.Itisimportantthatgovernmentsaroundtheworldtakeactionandt

herearealotofthingstheycando.Forexample,more____38____countriescancancelorreducelow-incomecountriesdebt.If____39____fro

mdebt,low-incomecountriescanspendmoremoneyoneducation.Policymakersinthesecountriescanalsomakeadifferencebyinvestingresourcesineducation,inth

e_____40_____thathavingawell-educatedpopulationisawayofimprovingacountry’seconomy.【答案】31J32.C33.I34.G.35.D36.A37.

H38.K39B40.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章列举了阻止孩子接受教育的政治、经济、文化和宗教因素。对于贫困家庭来说，送孩子上学更有意义。所以，世界各国政府都该采取行动推进教育，拥有受过良好教育的人口是改善国家经济的一种方式。【31题详解】考查副词。句意：例如，如

果一个国家处于战争状态或经历一段时期的政治问题，学校的出勤率将不可避免地下降。修饰动词drop，用副词inevitably，意为“不可避免地，必然地，意料之中”，作状语。故选J项。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：经济因素也是造成低

入学率的一个关键因素。此处考查名词短语acontributorto…，意为“是……的一个因素”，contributor意为“促成因素”，作表语。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词。句意：在发展中国家，女孩更有可能得不到良好的教育。此处考查动词短语denysbs

th，意为“拒绝给予某人某物”，deny与主语girls为动宾关系，此处为被动语态，故设空处应填过去分词denied。故选I项。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：我们有理由问，教育对贫困国家的儿童及其家庭有什么意义。此

处考查动词短语haverelevancefor...，意为“对……来说有相关性，有意义”。设空处应用名词relevance，故选G项。【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：对于生活在偏远社区的人来说，他们在恶劣的条件下抚养子女，常常依靠自给自足的

农业生存，教育似乎并不重要。subsistencefarming意为“自给农业，生存农业”。设空处应填形容词subsistence，意为“自给自足的，仅够自用的”，作前置定语。故填D项。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：

教育对生活在低收入国家的人们至关重要，因为在这些国家，就业机会很少。此处考查短语ahandfulof，意为“少量的，少数人（或物）”，修饰名词employmentopportunities。故选A项。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：专家估计，一个低收入国家的人每多受一年教育，收入就会增加10%。设

空处考查形.容词additional，意为“附加的，额外的”，修饰名词year，作定语.故选H项。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：例如，更繁荣的国家可以取消或减少低收入国家的债务。修饰名词应用形容词prosperous，意为“繁荣的，富足的”，作前置定语。故选K项。【39题详解】

考查动词。句意：如果解除债务，低收入国家可以在教育上投入更多资金。此处考查动词短语relief…fromdebt，意为“减轻……债务”，relief与逻辑主语low-incomecountries之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词，作状语。故选B项。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：知道拥

有受过良好教育的人口是改善国家经济的一种方式，这些国家的政策制定者也可以通过投资教育资源来改变现状。此处考查介词短语intheknowledgethat…，意为“在了解……的情况下，知道……”，故设空处应填k

nowledge。故选E项。II.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(15’)Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorph

rasesmarkedA,B.CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whocomesfirst?Achild’splaceinthefamilybirthordermayplayaroleinthe

typeofoccupationsthatwillinteresthimorherasanadult.newresearchsuggests.Intworelatedstudiesresearchersfoundthatonlychi

ldren—andtoacertainextentfirst-bornchildren-weremoreinterestedinintellectualcareersthanlater-bornchildren.____41____later-bornchildrenwe

remoreinterestedinbothartisticandoutdoor-relatedcareers.Theseresults____42____theoriesthatsayourplaceinfamilybirthorderwillinfluenceo

urpersonality,saidFrederickT.L.Leong,co-authorofthestudyandprofessorofpsychologyatOhioUniversity.“Parents____43____placedif

ferentdemandsandhavedifferentexpectationsofchildrendependingontheirbirthorder.”“Forexample,parentsmaybeextremely____44____ofonlychildrenandworrya

bouttheirphysicalsafety.Thatmaybewhyonlychildrenaremorelikelytoshowinterestinacademicpursuitsratherthanphysicalor____45____activities.Ano

nlychildwilltendtogetmoretimeandattentionfromtheirparentsthanchildrenwithsistersorbrothers.Thiswilloftenmakethemfeel

specialbutthe____46____isthattheymaysufferfromjealousyandlonelinesswhenfriendsdiscusstheirbrothersandsistersandfamilylife.”Thefirst-born

isanonlychilduntilthesecondchildcomesalong—transformingthemfrombeingthecentreofattention,tothen____47____thec

areofparents.Parentswillalsoexpectthemtoberesponsibleand“setan的example”.The____48____frombeingthefocusofafamilymaybequiteashockandsoshapeth

efirst-born’soutlookonlife.____49____first-bornsmaytrytogetbacktheirparents’attentionandapprovalbyachievingsuccessin

theircareers.Itis____50____thatfirst-bornsaresignificantlymoreoftenfoundaspoliticalleadersthananyotherbirth-orderposition.Beingtheyoun

gestinthefamilycansometimesbea(n)____51____experienceespeciallyifthechildwantstobetakenseriouslyandtreatedlikeanadult.Thelast-bornismorelikelythant

heotherbirth-orderpositionstotakeupdangeroussports.Thismaybea(n)____52____ofthelast-born’srebelliousness-aresultofbei

ngfedupwithalwaysbeingbossedaboutbyeveryoneelseinthefamily.Middlechildren,however,havedifferent____53____.“Middle-chil

dsyndrome”canmeanfeeling____54____betweentwoother“moreimportant”people—anolderbrotherorsisterwhogetsallthe

rightsandistreatedlikeanadultandayoungeronewhogetsalltheprivilegesandistreatedlikeaspoiltchild.Middle-bornshavetolearntogetonwi

tholderandyoungerchildrenandthismaycontributetothembecominggoodnegotiators—ofallthebirth-orderpositionstheyaremostskillfulat____55____bothauthorit

yfiguresandthoseholdinginferiorpositions41.A.InadditionB.IncontrastC.TobefrankD.Tosumup42.A.fitintoB.turnoverC.le

adtoD.serveas43.A.sensiblyB.initiallyC.typicallyD.patiently44.A.confidentB.demandingC.ashamedD.protective45.A.outdoorB.unknown

C.socialD.relaxing46.A.differenceB.purposeC.disadvantageD.benefit47.A.sharingB.keepingC.gainingD.wasting48.A.feedba

ckB.preventionC.reliefD.change49.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Otherwise50.A.confusingB.worthwhileC.trueD.fine51.A.ex

citingB.frustratingC.commonD.invaluable52.A.honourB.rewardC.riskD.sign53.A.achievementsB.advantagesC.hobbiesD.issue

s54.A.sandwichedB.connectedC.distinguishedD.stimulated55.A.workingoutB.dependingonC.dealingwithD.lookingafter【答案】4

1.B42.A43.C44.D45.A46.C47.A48.D49.B50.C51.B52.D53.D54.A55.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了家中不同顺序出生的孩子所具有的一些特点、存在的问题以及对他们将来的影响。【41题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：

相比之下，晚出生的孩子对艺术和户外相关的职业更感兴趣。A.Inaddition此外；B.Incontrast比较起来；C.Tobefrank说实话；D.Tosumup总之。结合上文“Intworelat

edstudiesresearchersfoundthatonlychildren—andtoacertainextentfirst-bornchildren—weremoreinterestedinintellectualc

areersthanlater-bornchildren.(在两项相关的研究中，研究人员发现，独生子女——在一定程度上是长子——比后生的孩子对智力事业更感兴趣)”可知此处是在将长子或独生子女与晚出生的孩子进行对比，故选B。【

42题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：该研究的合著者、俄亥俄大学心理学教授FrederickT.L.Leong说，这些结果符合我们在家庭出生顺序中的位置会影响我们的性格的理论。A.fitinto适合，符合；B.turnover翻转；C.leadto导致；D.serveas担

任。根据后文“theoriesthatsayourplaceinfamilybirthorderwillinfluenceourpersonality”指研究结果符合性格理论，故选A。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：根据孩子的出生顺序，父母通常会对孩子提出不同的要求和

期望。A.sensibly明显地；B.initially首先；C.typically典型地，通常；D.patiently耐心地。根据后文“placedifferentdemandsandhavedifferentexpe

ctationsofchildrendependingontheirbirthorder.”指根据孩子的出生顺序，父母通常会对孩子提出不同的要求和期望。故选C。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，父母可能非常保护独生子女，担心他们的人身安全。A.confident自信的；B

.demanding苛刻的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.protective保护的。根据后文“ofonlychildrenandworryabouttheirphysicalsafety”可知，父母可能非常保护独生子女，担心他们

的人身安全。故选D。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能就是为什么独生子女更有可能对学业表现出兴趣，而不是体育或户外活动。A.outdoor户外的；B.unknown未知的；C.social社会的；D.relaxing令人放松的。根据上文“Thatmay

bewhyonlychildrenaremorelikelytoshowinterestinacademicpursuitsratherthanphysicalor”可知，独生子女更有可能对学业表现出兴趣，而不是体育或户外活动。故选A。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这通常会让他们感到特别，

但缺点是，当朋友谈论他们的兄弟姐妹和家庭生活时，他们可能会遭受嫉妒和孤独。A.difference差异；B.purpose目的；C.disadvantage缺点；D.benefit利益。后文“isthattheymaysufferfromjealous

yandlonelinesswhenfriendsdiscusstheirbrothersandsistersandfamilylife”提到遭到极度和孤独是缺点，故选C。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一个孩子在第二个孩子出生之前都是独生子

女的，这让他们从焦点转变分享父母的关心。A.sharing分享；B.keeping保持；C.gaining获得；D.wasting浪费。根据上文“Thefirst-bornisanonlychilduntilthesecondchildcomesalong—transfo

rmingthemfrombeingthecentreofattention,tothen”可知，第一个孩子在第二个孩子出生之前都是独生子女的，这让他们从焦点转变分享父母的关心。故选A。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：从成为家庭焦点的转变可能是一个相当大的冲击，因此塑造了第一个孩子的人生观。A.feedback反馈；B.prevention防止；C.relief安慰；D.change改变。根据后文“frombe

ingthefocusofafamilymaybequiteashockandsoshapethefirst-born’soutlookonlife”可知，第一个孩子逐渐变得不是家庭的焦点了，这是一种改变，故选D。【49题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，长子长女可能试图通

过在事业上取得成功来重新获得父母的关注和认可。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Besides此外；D.Otherwise否则。结合前后文可知为因果关系，应用therefore。故选B。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：的确，长子长女作为政治领导人的比例明显

高于其他任何出生顺序的职位。A.confusing令人费解的；B.worthwhile值得的；C.true真实的；D.fine好的。后文“thatfirst-bornsaresignificantlymoreoftenfoundaspoliticalleadersthanany

otherbirth-orderposition.(长子长女作为政治领导人的比例明显高于其他任何出生顺序的职位)”是客观事实，真实存在，故选C。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在家里做最小的孩子有时是一种令人沮丧的经历，特别是如果孩子想

要被认真对待，像成年人一样对待。A.exciting令人兴奋的；B.frustrating令人沮丧的；C.common共同的；D.invaluable极宝贵的。根据后文“experienceespeciallyifthechildwantstobetakenseriouslyandtre

atedlikeanadult”可知家里最小的孩子无法被当成成年人对待，这是令人沮丧。故选B。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能是最后出生的孩子叛逆的一个迹象——这是受够了家里所有人对他发号施令的结果。A.honour荣誉；B.reward奖励；C.risk风险；D.sign标

志，迹象。根据上文“Thelast-bornismorelikelythantheotherbirth-orderpositionstotakeupdangeroussports.(最后出生的孩子比其

他出生顺序的孩子更有可能从事危险的运动)”可知，这可能是最后出生的孩子叛逆的一个迹象，故选D。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，中间儿童有不同的问题。A.achievements成就；B.advantages优点；C.hobbies爱好；D.

issues问题。结合后文“Middle-childsyndrome”可知，家中中间出生的孩子所存在的问题，故选D。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“排行中间的孩子综合症”可能意味着感觉自己夹在另外两个“更重要”的人中间——一个哥哥或姐姐拥有所有的权利，被当作

成年人对待，而一个弟弟或妹妹拥有所有的特权，被当作被宠坏的孩子对待。A.sandwiched夹在中间；B.connected连接；C.distinguished区别；D.stimulated刺激。根据后文“b

etweentwoother“moreimportant”people—anolderbrotherorsisterwhogetsalltherightsandistreatedlikeanadultandayoungeronewhogets

alltheprivileges”可知中间出生的孩子被夹在中间了，故选A。55题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中间出生的孩子必须学会与年长和年幼的孩子相处，这可能有助于他们成为优秀的谈判者——在所有出生顺序中，他们最擅长与权威人物和地位较低的人打交道。A.workingo

ut解决；B.dependingon取决于；C.dealingwith处理；D.lookingafter照顾。根据上文“thismaycontributetothembecominggoodnegotiators”可知，中间出生的孩子必须学会与年长和年幼的孩子

相处，这可能有助于他们成为优秀的谈判者——在所有出生顺序中，他们最擅长与权威人物和地位较低的人打交道。故选C。SectionB(20)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassagei

sfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.BCandD.Choose

theonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Theterm“folksong”hasbeencurrentforoverahundredyears,butther

eisstillagooddealofdisagreementastowhatitactuallymeans.ThedefinitionprovidedbytheInternationalFolkMusicCouncilstatesthatfolkmusicisthemu

sicofordinarypeoplewhichispassedonfrompersontopersonbybeinglistenedtoratherthanlearnedfromtheprintedpage.Otherfactorsthathelpshapeafolksonginclude

:continuity(manyperformancesoveranumberofyears);variation(changesinwordsandmelodieseitherthroughartisticinterpretationorfailureofme

mory);andselection(theacceptanceofasongbythecommunityinwhichitevolves).Whensongshavebeensubjectedtotheseprocessestheiroriginisusuallyimp

ossibletotrace.Forinstance,if【afarmlaborerweretomakeupasongandsingittoacoupleoffriendswholikeitandmemorizeit,possiblywhenthefriendscom

etosingitthemselvesoneofthemmightforgetsomeofthewordsandmakeupnewonestofillthegap,whiletheother,perhapsmoreartisticmigh

taddafewdecorativetouchestothetuneandimproveacoupleoflinesoftext.Ifthishappenedafewtimestherewouldbemanydiffere

ntversions,thesong’soriginalcomposerwouldbeforgotten,andthesongwouldbecomecommonproperty.Thisconstantreshapingandre-creationistheessenceoffol

kmusic.Consequently,modernpopularsongsandotherpublishedmusic,eventhoughwidelysungbypeoplewhoarenotprofessionalmusicians,arenotconsideredfolkmusic.T

hemusicandwordshavebeensetbyaprintedorrecordedsource,limitingscopeforfurtherartisticcreation.Thesesongs’originscannotbecoveredandthereforet

heybelongprimarilytothecomposerandnottoacommunity.Theidealsituationforthecreationoffolkmusicisanisolatedruralcommunity

.Insuchasettingfolksongsanddanceshaveaspecialpurposeateverystageinaperson'slife,fromchildhoodtodeath.Epic(史诗)talesofheroicdeeds,

seasonalsongsrelatingtocalendarevents,andoccupationalsongsarealsolikelytobesung.56.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheterm“folksong”issuppor

tedbythepassage?A.TheInternationalFolkMusicCouncilinventedit.B.Ithasbeenusedforseveralcenturies.C.Thereisdisagreementaboutitsmeaning.D.Itisc

onsideredtobeoutofdate.57.Theauthormentionsthatpublishedmusicisnotconsideredtobefolkmusicbecause________.A.thesongsaregenerallyperformedbyprofes

sionalsingersB.thesongsattractonlytheyoungpeopleinacommunityC.theoriginalcomposercanbeeasilyidentifiedD.thec

omposerswritethemusicinruralcommunities58.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.ThestandardsoftheInternationalFolkMus

icCouncil.B.Themescommonlyfoundinfolkmusic.C.Influencesoffolkmusiconpopularmusic.D.Elementsthatdefinefol

kmusic.【答案】56.C57.C58.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了民歌的定义、形成一首民歌的因素以及民歌不断重塑和演变的精髓、现代流行歌曲和其他出版的音乐与民歌的区别，以及民歌创作的理想环境。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Theterm

“folksong”hasbeencurrentforoverahundredyears,butthereisstillagooddealofdisagreementastowhatitactuallymeans.(“民歌”这个词已经存在了一百多年，但对于它的实

际含义仍然存在很多分歧)”可知，民歌的含义存在分歧。故选C项。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“Ifthishappenedafewtimestherewouldbemanydifferentversions,thesong’

soriginalcomposerwouldbeforgotten,andthesongwouldbecomecommonproperty.(如果这种情况发生几次，就会出现许多不同的版本，这首歌的原始作曲家就会被遗忘，这首歌就会成为共同财产)”以及最后两句“Themusicandwordshav

ebeensetbyaprintedorrecordedsource,limitingscopeforfurtherartisticcreation.Thesesongs’originscannotbecoveredandtherefor

etheybelongprimarilytothecomposerandnottoacommunity.(音乐和文字是由印刷或记录的来源设定的，限制了进一步的艺术创作的范围。这些歌曲的起源无法被覆盖，因此它们主要属于作曲家，而不是一个社会)”

可知，民歌属于社会，找不到具体的创作者，作者提到出版的音乐不被认为是民间音乐，因为原始作曲家很容易被识别。故选C项。【58题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了民歌的定义、形成一首民歌的因素以及民歌不断重塑和演变的精髓、现

代流行歌曲和其他出版的音乐与民歌的区别，以及民歌创作的理想环境。由此可知，D选项“Elementsthatdefinefolkmusic(定义民间音乐的元素)”能够概括文章主旨。故选D项。(B)Americansaremorestressedthanever,accordingtoanAmeri

canPsychologicalAssociationsurvey,andnearlyone-thirdofthepeoplesaystressimpactstheirphysicalormentalh

ealth.Ifyouhaveanyofthesesymptoms,yourstressmightbemakingyousick.Here’showtobattleagainstthem.Ifyou’veneversufferedfromheadachesbutsuddenlyyourheadi

sconstantlystriking,youmightbetoostressed.Stressreleaseschemicalsthatcancausechangestonervesandbloodv

essels（血管）inthebrain,whichbringsonaheadache.Stresscancausethemormakethemworse.It’salsocommonforyourmusclestotenseupwhenyou’restressed,whichcanalsoca

useaheadache.WHATTODO:Ifyoudon’twanttotakemedicine,tryspreadinglavender（薰衣草）oilonyourtemples（太阳穴）whenaheadachestarts.Stresscanmakeyoumentall

ysick,too.Toomuchofthestresshormonecortisol（皮质醇）canmakeithardertoconcentrate,causingmemoryproblemsaswellasanxiety

ordepressionsaysDr.Levine.WHATTODO:Relaxuntilyouregainyourconcentration.Practiceclosingyoureyesandbreathinginandoutslowly,concentrati

ngonlyonyourbreath.Losingafewstrandsofhairisnormal—oldhairfollicles（囊）arereplacedbynewonesovertime—butstresscandisturbthatcycle.Significan

tstresspushesalargenumberofhairfolliclesintowhat’scalledarestingstageandthenafewmonthslaterthosehairsfallout,acco

rdingtoMayoClinic.org.Stresscanalsocausethebody’sresistantsystemtoattackyourhairfollicles,resultinginhairloss.WHATTODO:Bepatien

t.Onceyourstresslevelreturnstonormal,yourhairshouldstartgrowingback.59.Ifyou’restressed,youmighthaveon

eofthefollowingsymptomsEXCEPTthat.A.youkeepgettingheadachesB.youalwayshaveacoldC.yourhairisfallingoutD.yourbrainfeelsconfused60.Whichofthefol

lowingissuggestedifyourbraingoesoutoffocus?A.Breathingslowlywithyoureyesclosed.B.Waitinguntilyourbrainret

urnstonormal.C.Spreadinglavenderoilonyourtemples.D.Relaxingandattackingyourbrainsoftly.61.Whatwillhapp

enoncewegetoverourstressaccordingtothepassage?A.Ourhairstartsfallingoutandthengrowsback.B.Ourbody’sresistantsystemattacksyourhairfollic

les.C.Ourhairstartsgrowingagain.D.Aseriousheadachestarts.【答案】59.B60.A61.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一些压力过大的症状并

就如何对抗这些症状提出了一些建议。【59题详解】细节理解题。由第一个方框内的“Ifyou’veneversufferedfromheadachesbutsuddenlyyourheadisconstantlystriking,youmightbetoostresse

d”如果你从来没有头痛过，但突然你的头不断地抽搐，你可能压力太大了。第二个方框内的“Toomuchofthestresshormonecortisol（皮质醇）canmakeithardertoconcentrate,c

ausingmemoryproblems”过多的应激激素皮质醇会使注意力更难集中，导致记忆问题。和第三个方框内的“Losingafewstrandsofhairisnormal—oldhairfollicles（囊）arereplacedbynew

onesovertime—butstresscandisturbthatcycle”失去几缕头发是正常的，随着时间的推移，旧的毛囊会被新的毛囊所取代，但压力会扰乱这个周期。可知，压力过大会导致人们头疼，大脑混乱，掉头发，故用排除法，故B选项正确。【60题详解

】细节理解题。由第二个方框中的“Relaxuntilyouregainyourconcentration.Practiceclosingyoureyesandbreathinginandoutslowly,concen

tratingonlyonyourbreath.”放松直到你恢复注意力。练习闭上眼睛，慢慢地吸气和呼气，只专注于你的呼吸。可知，当你无法集中注意力时，作者建议你闭上眼睛，慢慢地进行呼吸。故A选项正确。【61题详解】细节理解题。由最后一个方框内的“

Onceyourstresslevelreturnstonormal,yourhairshouldstartgrowingback”一旦你的压力恢复正常，你的头发应该开始长回来。可知，一旦我们拜托了压力过大的状况，那么，我们的头发将会开始重新生长。故C选项正确。(C

)Bettergradesmightbefoundontheplayground.Anewstudyofelementary-agechildrenshowsthatthosewhowerenotpartofanafter-schoolexerciseprogramten

dedtopackonaparticulartypeofbodyfatthatcanhavedeleteriousimpactsonbrainhealthandthinking.Butpreventionandtreatmentcouldbeass

impleasplayingmoregamesoftag(捉迷藏，捉人游戏).Mostchildrendonotmeetthefederalhealthguidelinesforexercise,whichcallforatleastanhouro

fitadayforanyoneundertheageof18.Physicalinactivitycanresultinweightgainespeciallyaroundthemidsection-includingvisceral(内脏的

)fat,atypeoftissuedeepinsidetheabdomen(腹部)thatisknowntoincreaseinflammation(炎症)throughoutthebody.Itisalsolinkedtoheightenedrisksfordi

abetesandcardiovascularcomplications(并发症)eveninchildren,andmaycontributetodecliningbrainfunction.Obeseadultsoftenperformworsethan

peopleofnormalweightontestsofthinkingskills.Butlittlehasbeenknownaboutvisceralfatandbrainhealthinchildren.Forasoon-to-be

-publishedstudy,researchersfromNortheasternUniversityinBostonandtheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaiontrackedhundredsof8-to-10-year-oldchildren

inanine-monthafter-schoolexerciseprograminUrbana.Everyday,onegroupofchildrenplayedtagandotheractivegamesforabout70minu

tes.Thesubjectsinacontrolgroupcontinuedwiththeirnormallives,withthepromisethattheycouldjointheprogramthefollowingyear.A

llthechildrencompletedtestsoffitness,bodycompositionandcognitiveskillsatthestartandendoftheprogram.Theresearch

ersdidnotaskthechildrentochangetheirdiets.Afterthetrialtheexercisingchildrenwhowereobeseatthestudy’sonsethadlessvisceralfatrelativetotheirstartin

gweight,eveniftheyremainedoverweight.Theyalsoshowedsignificantimprovementsintheirscoresonacomputerizedtestthatmeasureshowwellchildrenp

ayattention,processinformationandavoidbeingimpulsive.Notablyasimilareffectwasobservedinchildrenwhoseweightwas

normalatthestart.Acrosstheboardthemorevisceralfatachildshedduringtheninemonthsofplay,thebetterheorsheperformedonthetest.Thechildreninthecontr

olgroup,incontrasthadgenerallyaddedtotheirvisceralfat;thiswasparticularlytrueamongthosewhowerealreadyobese.Theygainedona

verage,fourtimesasmuchvisceralfatasthenormal-weightchildreninthecontrolgroup,andalsodidnotperformaswellonthesubsequenttes

t.LaurenRaine,apostdoctoralresearcheratNortheasternUniversitywhoconductedthestudywithCharlesHillmanandothers,saysthatthetrialwasdesignedtostudya

erobicfitnessandchildren’sabilitytothinknottherelationofabdominalflabtoinflammation.Butareductioninoverallinflammationverylikelyplaysa

rolebecauseitisthoughttobeunhealthyforthebrain.Morebroadly,Rainesaysthestudysuggeststhatgettingchildrent

orunaroundwon’tjustenhancetheirbodies-itmightalsoimprovetheirreportcards.62.Whatdoestheword“deleterious”inParagraphOnepr

obablymean?A.inevitableB.vigilantC.harmfulD.beneficial63.ItcanbeinferredfromtheresearchconductedbyresearchersfromNortheasternUniversityinBosto

nandtheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaignthat________.A.gamesmayhelpreducevisceralfatinchildrenandthusimprovetheirb

rainpowerB.obesitycontributestodecliningbrainfunctioninchildrenC.childrenhavefewerweight-relatedhealt

handmedicalproblemsthanadultsD.obesechildrenhavetroublestayingfocusedandpayingattention64.AccordingtoLaurenRaine,thema

infocusofthestudyis________.A.tofindtherelationshipsbetweenphysicalactivityandhealthinchildrenB.todiscovertherelationshipsbetweenobes

ityandhealthproblemsinchildrenC.tounderstandandassesstherisksofobesityinyoungchildreninschoolD.tounderstandhowgamesaffectchildrenintermsofaca

demicperformances65.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.VisceralFatAndSugar-HeavyDietHarmsYourBrainB.LosingFat,GainingBrainPower,ont

hePlaygroundC.ThisIsWhatWeightLossDoesToYourBrainD.WhychildrenShouldn’tSitStillUndertheAgeofEighteen

【答案】62.C63.A64.D65.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。有研究表明，每日参加适量课外活动的儿童，不但能减少内脏脂肪，强身健体，还能促进大脑思维，提高注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的能力，改善他们的成绩单。【62题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Anewstudyofele

mentary-agechildrenshowsthatthosewhowerenotpartofanafter-schoolexerciseprogramtendedtopackonaparticulartypeofbodyfatthatcanhav

edeleteriousimpactsonbrainhealthandthinking.(一项针对小学儿童的新研究表明，那些没有参加课后锻炼项目的儿童往往会增加一种特定类型的体脂，这种体脂会对大脑健康和思维产生deleterious的影响。)”，根据前一句“Bettergradesmig

htbefoundontheplayground.(在操场上可能会有更好的成绩。)”可知，多去操场锻炼的人，成绩好，因为参加锻炼会对大脑、思维产生良好的影响，因此可推知，不参加课后锻炼，则会对大脑、思维

产生相反的影响。A.inevitable必然发生的；B.vigilant警觉的；C.harmful有害的；D.beneficial有益的。故deleterious与C项harmful意思相近。故选C项。【

63题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Afterthetrialtheexercisingchildrenwhowereobeseatthestudy’sonsethadlessvisceralfatrelativetotheirstartingwei

ght,eveniftheyremainedoverweight.Theyalsoshowedsignificantimprovementsintheirscoresonacomputerizedtestthatmeasureshowwellchild

renpayattention,processinformationandavoidbeingimpulsive.Notablyasimilareffectwasobservedinchildrenwhose

weightwasnormalatthestart.Acrosstheboardthemorevisceralfatachildshedduringtheninemonthsofplay,thebetterheorsheperf

ormedonthetest.(在试验结束后，那些在研究开始时就肥胖的儿童，即使他们仍然超重，与他们开始体重相比，内脏脂肪也较少。在一项计算机测试中，他们的分数也有了显著提高，该测试衡量了孩子们的注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的能力。值得注意的是，

在一开始体重正常的儿童身上也观察到了类似的效应。总的来说，孩子在九个月的玩耍中减掉的内脏脂肪越多，他或她在测试中的表现就越好。)”可知，研究人员研究发现，无论是原来肥胖的还是体重正常的孩子，经过一段时间的运动，内脏脂肪减少，注意力、处理信息和避免冲动的

能力的分数也有提高，减的内脏脂肪越多的孩子，测试表现越好，故推知：游戏能减内脏脂肪，提高脑力。故选A项。【64题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“LaurenRaine,apostdoctoralresearchera

tNortheasternUniversitywhoconductedthestudywithCharlesHillmanandothers,saysthatthetrialwasdesignedto

studyaerobicfitnessandchildren’sabilitytothinknottherelationofabdominalflabtoinflammation.(美国东北大学的博士后研究员

劳伦·瑞恩和查尔斯·希尔曼等人一起进行了这项研究，她说，这项试验的目的是研究有氧健身和儿童的思维能力，而不是腹部赘肉与炎症的关系。)”可知，这个研究主要重点是为了了解游戏运动是否影响儿童的大脑思维，从而影响到成绩。故选D项。【65题详解】主旨大意题。根据通读全文，尤其是最后一段的最后一句“More

broadly,Rainesaysthestudysuggeststhatgettingchildrentorunaroundwon’tjustenhancetheirbodies—itmightalsoimprovetheirreportcards.(更广泛地说，Raine说，这项研究

表明，让孩子们到处跑不仅能增强他们的身体素质，还可能改善他们的成绩单。)”可知，鼓励孩子到操场上进行课外活动锻炼，可以强身健体，减少内脏脂肪，还能提高思维能力，提高分数。B项“LosingFat,GainingBrainPower,onthePlayground(减脂，增

强脑力，在操场上)”符合主旨。故选B项。III.SummaryWriting(10’)66.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainide

aofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.EnglishintheThirdMillenniumTwothousandyearsagoEnglishdidnot

exist.Athousandyearsagoitwasalanguageusedbylessthantwomillionpeople.Nowitisthemostinfluentiallanguageinthew

orldspokenbymorethanabillionpeopleontheplanet,astheirfirstsecondorthirdlanguage.Englishcurrentlydominatesscience,business,themassmediaandpop

ularculture.Forexample,80%ofemailsontheInternetareinEnglish.ButwherewillEnglishbeattheendofthethirdmillennium?OneviewisthatEnglis

hisgoingtobecomeevenmoreimportantasagloballanguagedominatingtheworld’stradeandmediawhilemostotherlanguageswillbecomelocalizedorjustdieou

t.Atpresentoverhalftheworld’s6500languagesareindangerofextinction.AnotherviewisthatEnglishisalreadybreakingup,asLatindidintoseverallangua

ges.Therearealreadydictionariesofthe'NewEnglishes’suchasAustralianEnglishfullofwordsthataBritishEnglishspeakerwouldn

otrecognize.Hopefully,neitherofthesethingswillhappen.AlthoughdifferentvarietiesofEnglishwillcontinuetodeveloparoundtheworld,standardEnglishwillsur

viveforinternationalcommunication.Inaddition,thefrighteningprospectofaculturallyuniformworldtotallydomi

natedbyonelanguageisimpossible.Already,otherlanguagesarefightingbackagainsttheirongripofEnglishontheNet.Governmentsaroundtheworldarealsostartingtop

rotectsmallerlanguagesandrecognizetheimportanceofculturalandlinguisticdiversity.Englishwillprobablystayincontrolfo

ralongtime,atleastwhiletheUSAremainsthetopsuperpower,butitdefinitelywon’tbecometheonlylanguageintheworld__________________

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____________________________【答案】Ithastakenover1000yearsforEnglishtodevelopintothemostinfluentiallanguageintheworld.Asforitsprospect,s

omeconsideritevenmoreimportantasagloballanguage,dominatingtheworld’stradeandmediawhileothersargueEnglis

hwillbreakintoseverallanguages.However,eventhoughEnglishmaystayincontrol,othersmallerlanguageswillbeprotectedfromextinction.【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了英语的过去，展望预测英语的未来。一千多年以来，英语已经发展成为世界上最具影响力的语言。在第三个千年结束时，有人认为英语会成为一种全球语言，主导世界贸易和媒体。也有人认为，英语已经分裂成好几种语言。英语可能会保持主导地

位，但世界各国政府也开始保护小型语言。【详解】1.要点摘录①Athousandyearsagoitwasalanguageusedbylessthantwomillionpeople.Nowitisthemostinfluentiallanguageintheworldspo

kenbymorethanabillionpeopleontheplanet,astheirfirstsecondorthirdlanguage.②ButwherewillEnglishbeattheendofthethirdmillennium?③On

eviewisthatEnglishisgoingtobecomeevenmoreimportantasagloballanguagedominatingtheworld’stradeandmediawhilemost

otherlanguageswillbecomelocalizedorjustdieout.Atpresentoverhalftheworld’s6500languagesareindangerofextinction.④AnotherviewisthatEnglis

hisalreadybreakingup,asLatindidintoseverallanguages.⑤Governmentsaroundtheworldarealsostartingtoprotec

tsmallerlanguagesandrecognizetheimportanceofculturalandlinguisticdiversity.⑥Englishwillprobablystayincontrolf

oralongtime,atleastwhiletheUSAremainsthetopsuperpower,butitdefinitelywon’tbecometheonlylanguageintheworld.2.缜密构思将

第1要点进行重组，将第2、3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Ithastakenover1000yearsforEnglishtodevelopintothemostinflue

ntiallanguageintheworld.Asforitsprospect,someconsideritevenmoreimportantasagloballanguage,dominatingtheworld’stradeandmediawhileothersargueEngli

shwillbreakintoseverallanguages.However,eventhoughEnglishmaystayincontrol,othersmallerlanguageswillbeprotectedf

romextinction.【点睛】[高分句型1]Asforitsprospect,someconsideritevenmoreimportantasagloballanguage,dominatingtheworld’stra

deandmediawhileothersargueEnglishwillbreakintoseverallanguages.运用while连接并列句对原文第一段最后一句和第二段进行了概括整合。其中运用了现在分词作状语、省略that的宾语从句。[

高分句型2]：However,eventhoughEnglishmaystayincontrol,othersmallerlanguageswillbeprotectedfromextinction.运用event

hough引导让步状语从句来概括最后一段。IV.Translation(15’---3',3’,4',5')Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgive

ninthebrackets.67.我原以为我是个滑雪高手，可比起你的技术来未免相形见绌。(shade)（汉译英）【答案】IthoughtIwasagoodskier,butyourtechniquespu

tmineintheshade.【解析】【详解】考查时态、动词短语。“我原以为”表达为Ithought，表过去的动作，用一般过去时态，“我是个滑雪高手”表达为Iwasagoodskier，宾语从句也用一般过去时。“比起你的技术

来未免相形见绌。”可转换为“你的技术让我的技术相形见绌”，“你的技术”表达为yourtechniques，作主语，“让……相形见绌”表达为put...intheshade，介词短语作状语；“我的技术”表达为名词性物主代词mine，此处表达现状

，谓语动词用一般现在时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：IthoughtIwasagoodskier,butyourtechniquesputmineintheshade.68.他总把妻子的付出视为理所当然，这一直是他家庭矛盾的导火索。(grant)（汉译英）【答案】Healway

stakeshiswife’seffortsforgranted,whichhasbeenasourceofconflictinhisfamily.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。主语为he；表示“视为理所当然”句型为takesth.forgranted

，为一般现在时；表示“妻子的付出”应用wife’sefforts；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句，表示“家庭矛盾的导火索”翻译为asourceofconflictinhisfamily，从句用现在完成时。故翻译为H

ealwaystakeshiswife’seffortsforgranted,whichhasbeenasourceofconflictinhisfamily.69.新出台的举措旨在恢复公众对就业前景的信心。(intend)（汉译英）【答案】Thenewly-introdu

cedmeasuresareintendedtorestorepublicconfidenceintheemploymentprospect.【解析】【详解】考查动词短语、时态、语态。陈述当前现状，用一般现在时。“新出台的举措”表达为thenewly-introducedm

easures，作主语；“旨在做某事”表达为动词被动结构beintendedtodosth，作谓语动词，主语为复数，故be动词为are；“恢复公众对……的信心”表达为restorepublicconfidencein...；“就

业前景”表达为名词短语theemploymentprospect。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Thenewly-introducedmeasuresareintendedtorestorepublicconfidenceintheemploymentprospect.70.即使房子已经没

有空间了，很多老年人仍非常抵触扔旧物，因为那些东西对他们来说有巨大的情感价值。(resistant)（汉译英）【答案】Eventhough/iftherehasbeennoroominthehouse,a

greatnumberofseniorcitizensremainveryresistanttothrowingoldthingsawaybecausethosethingshavehugeemoti

onalvalueforthem.【解析】【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句、形容词短语、原因状语从句。考查客观存在，谓语动词用一般现在时。“即使”表达为eventhough或evenif，引导让步状语从句。“房子已经没有空间了”表达为therehas

beennoroominthehouse，根据“已经”可知，此处为现在完成时，room为不可数名词，意为“空间”，故助动词为has。“很多老年人”表达为名词短语agreatnumberofseniorcitizens，作主语，为复

数；“仍非常抵触做某事”表达为短语remainveryresistanttodoingsth，为系表结构，remain用原形，动名词作to的宾语；“扔旧物”表达为throwoldthingsaway；“因为”

表达为连接词because，引导原因状语从句；“对……说有巨大的情感价值”表达为动词短语havehugeemotionalvaluefor...，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Eventhough/iftherehasbeennoroominthehouse,agreat

numberofseniorcitizensremainveryresistanttothrowingoldthingsawaybecausethosethingshavehugeemotionalvalueforthem.获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号w

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