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上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一下3月开学考英语试卷II.GrammarSectionADirections:Choosethebestanswer.1.Thepartythestudentshadbeenlookingforwardto_________y

esterdayeveningatlast.A.washeldB.wastoholdC.beingheldD.heheld【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：学生们期待已久的晚会昨天晚上终于举行了。分析句子可知，“thestude

ntshadbeenlookingforwardto”是定语从句，而hold是主句谓语动词，与主语Theparty之间是被动关系，结合时间状语yesterdayeveningatlast可知，讲述过去的事情，应

用一般过去时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故选A项。2.MichaelJacksongainedpopularityatatimewhenMTVwasestablishing_________asacreativeforce.A.Himse

lfB.itC.hisD.itself【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查反身代词。句意：迈克尔·杰克逊走红的时候，MTV正将自己确立为一股创造性力量。根据句意可知，MTV正将自己确立为一股创造性力量。代词为反身代词itself。故选D项。3.Achildwholi

vesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthan_________wholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.A.thatB.oneC.otherD.either【答案】B【解析】【详解

】考查代词。句意：一个生活在枯燥环境中的孩子比生活在丰富多样环境中的孩子智力的发展要差。根据句意，句中比较了“一个生活在枯燥环境中的孩子”和“生活在丰富多样环境中的孩子”，设空处为比较对象“孩子”，泛指，指“生活在丰富多样环境中的任何孩子”，应用代词one代替名词child。故选

B项。4.TheAmericanapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomanypeoplebecausethereislessemphasisonlearningfacts_________istrueinthesystemsofmanyo

thercountries.A.thanB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：美国的教学方法对许多人来说可能很陌生，因为美国的教学体系不像许多其他国家那样强调学习

事实。空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，且先行词emphasisonlearningfacts被less修饰，应用关系代词than。故选A。5.Therealsolutiontothefuelshortagewillhavetobeanewkindofcar,_________thatdoe

snotusesomuchoil.A.itB.whatC.whichD.one【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查不定代词。句意：解决燃料不足真正的方法是需要一种车，它不会消耗如此多的燃料。这里one指代anewkindofcar，泛指某一种车，后面是that引导的定语从句。故选D项6.Aso

newalksalongthepathsofOxford,onerealizes_________differentBritishCivilizationisfromthevigorofAmericanCivilization.A.wh

atB.howC.thatD.if【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：当你走在牛津城的小路上时，你会意识到英国文明与充满活力的美国文明是多么不同。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且修饰形容词different应用连接副词how。故选B。7.Studentsareb

etterjudgesthananyoneelsewhenitcomesto_________isaqualifiedteacheramongthestaff.A.anyoneB.whoeverC.whomeverD.who【答

案】D【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当涉及到谁是一名合格的教师时，学生比任何人都能做出更好的判断。to后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且表示“谁”。故选D项。8.Hisrecentbookisintendedfor_________islookingforapracticaluseoftheIn

ternetinlanguageteaching.A.whoB.whoeverC.anyoneD.one【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他的新书是为那些正在寻找在语言教学中实际使用互联网的人而写的。“for”后接宾语从句，根据句意，“任何正在寻找在语言教学中实

际使用互联网的人”提示用“whoever”，故选B。9._________adogmaybefortheelderly,theneedtotakeitforwalksmaybeadisadvantage.A.NomatterhowagoodcompanionB.Nomatterwhatagood

companionC.WhatevergoodacompanionD.Howeveragoodcompanion【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管狗对老年人来说是一个多么好的伴侣，需要带它去散步可能是一个不利

因素。本句为nomatterwhat引导的让步状语从句，nomatterwhat+a+形容词+名词，作be的表语。故选B项。10.Asurveyfindsthatthosewithcollegedegreesarealmos

t_________thosewithnomorethanahighschooleducationtospendtimeplayingsports.A.twiceaslikelyasB.twicelikelyasC.likelytwiceasD.likelyastwiceas【

答案】A【解析】【详解】考查倍数的表达。句意：一项调查发现，拥有大学学历的人花时间参加体育运动的可能性几乎是没有高中学历的人的两倍。表示倍数的句式：倍数+as+原级+as，结合选项，选项A符合题意。故选A。SectionBDir

ections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenw

ord,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheAntoninePlague(瘟疫)Theyearwas166C.E

.,andtheRomanEmpirewasinitsprime(鼎盛时期).ThesuccessfulRomantroops,underthecommandofEmperorLuciusVerrus,returnedtoRomeafterdefeatingtheirParthian

enemies.AstheymarchedwesttowardRome,theycarriedwiththemmorethanthespoilsofParthiantemples;theyalsocarri

edanepidemicthat____11____(ruin)theRomanEmpireoverthecourseofthenexttwodecades.TheAntoninePlague,____12____wasknownlater,wouldrea

cheverycorneroftheempireandis____13____mostlikelyclaimedthelife(夺取生命)ofLuciusVerrushimselfin169—andpossibly

____14____ofhisco-emperorMarcusAureliusin180.TheeffectoftheepidemiconRome’sarmieswasobviouslydestructive.Closenesstosickfellowsoldiersandbad

livingconditionsmadeitpossiblefortheoutbreaktospreadrapidlythroughoutthetroops,suchas____15____whowerebasedalongthenorthernfrontieratAqui

leia.Troopselsewhereintheempire____16____(strike)inthesameway.Toreversetheirshrinkingsoldiers,theysen

tthesonsofsoldierstotroops.Armydischargecertificates(退伍证书)fromtheBalkanregionsuggestthattherewasanobviousdecreaseinthenumberofsoldierswhowereallow

edtoretirefrommilitaryserviceduringtheperiodoftheplague.Theeffectonthecivilianpopulationwasevidentlybynom

eanslesssevere.InhislettertoAthensin174,MarcusAureliusloosened(放宽)therequirementsformembershiptotherulingcouncilofAthens,____17____th

erewerenowtoofewsurvivingupper-classAthenianswhomettherequirementshe____18____(introduce)beforetheoutbrea

k.Ithasbeenestimated____19____thedeathrateoverthe23-yearperiodoftheAntoninePlaguewas7-10percentofthepopulation.

Besidesthepracticalconsequencesoftheoutbreak,thepsychologicalimpactonthepopulationscouldnotbeignored.Itiseasytoimaginethesenseoffearandhel

plessness____20____ancientRomansmusthavefeltinthefaceofsucharuthless,painful,disfiguringandfrequentlyfatal

disease.【答案】11.wouldruin12.as13.what14.that15.those16.werestricken17.because18.hadintroduced19.that20.that##which【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。公元前

166年，罗马帝国正处于鼎盛时期，罗马军队在皇帝卢修斯·维鲁斯的指挥下，成功地击败了他们的帕提亚敌人，返回罗马，跟随他们回来的，不止有胜利的荣耀，还有可怕的摧毁一切的安东尼瘟疫。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：当他们向西进军罗马时，他们携带的不仅仅是帕提亚神庙的战利品；他们还携带了一种流

行病，这种流行病将在接下来的二十年里摧毁罗马帝国。根据“theyalsocarriedanepidemic”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，根据“overthecourseofthenexttwodecades”可知，此处

描述将要发生的事情，所以应用过去将来时。故填wouldruin。【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如后来所知，安东尼瘟疫将波及帝国的每一个角落，最有可能在169年夺去卢修斯·韦鲁斯本人的生命，也可能在180年夺去他的共同皇帝马库斯·奥勒

留的生命。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且根据“wasknownlater”可知，此处是指“正如”，所以应用关系代词as。故填as。【13题详解】考查表语从句。句意：正如后来所知，安东尼瘟疫将波及帝国的每一个角落，最有可能在169年夺去卢修斯·韦鲁斯本人的生命，也可能在180

年夺去他的共同皇帝马库斯·奥勒留的生命。在表语从句中缺少主语，且根据“TheAntoninePlague”可知，此处是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。【14题详解】考查代词。句意：正如后来所知，安东尼瘟疫将波及帝国的每一个角落，最有可能在1

69年夺去卢修斯·韦鲁斯本人的生命，也可能在180年夺去他的共同皇帝马库斯·奥勒留的生命。代指前文中提到的life，应用指示代词that。故填that。【15题详解】考查代词。句意：与生病的战友关系密切，生活条件恶劣，使得疫情有可能在部队

中迅速蔓延，比如驻扎在阿奎莱亚北部边境的部队。代指前文中提到的troops，应用指示代词those。故填those。【16题详解】考查动词语态。句意：帝国其他地方的军队也受到了同样的打击。此处描述过去发生的事情，所以应用一般过去时。动词strike意为“打击”，和主语tr

oops构成被动关系，主语为复数形式，be动词使用were。故填werestricken。【17题详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：在174年写给雅典的信中，MarcusAurelius放宽了雅典执政委员会成员的要求，因为现在符合他在疫情爆发前提

出的要求的雅典上层社会成员太少了。根据“MarcusAureliusloosened(放宽)therequirementsformembershiptotherulingcouncilofAthens”和“therewerenowtoofewsurvivingupper

-classAthenians”可知，前后构成因果关系，所以应用because表示“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填because。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在174年写给雅典的信中，MarcusAureli

us放宽了雅典执政委员会成员的要求，因为现在符合他在疫情爆发前提出的要求的雅典上层社会成员太少了。根据“beforetheoutbreak”可知，此处是指发生在过去的事情之前，所以应用过去完成时。故填hadintroduced。【19题详解】考查主语从

句。句意：据估计，安东尼瘟疫23年期间的死亡率为总人口的7-10%。此处it为形式主语，真正的主语为主语从句。在主语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且不缺少意义，所以应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。【20题详

解】考查定语从句。句意：很容易想象古罗马人在面对如此残忍、痛苦、丑陋和致命的疾病时的恐惧和无助感。在限定性定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为sense，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。III.VocabularySectionADirection

s:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.limitedB

.initiallyC.basisD.adaptE.householdF.survivalG.necessarilyH.incrediblyI.valuedJ.preservedK.push21.Onthatfoggynightin1902,ayoungmancalledWill

isHavilandCarrierhituponthetheorythatbecamethe_________formodernair-conditioningtechnology.22.Thelabprojectsdealwitheverythingfromclothin

gtomedicaldevicestoincreasethe_________chancesofpremature(未成熟的)babies.23.Spacetourismwas_________ahopefulconcept,butthemodernspace

tourismlooksdifferent.24.Thisbuildingsendsanimportantmessagethatthisisaplacewhereeveryoneiswelcomeand_________.2

5.Scientistsscannedthebrainsofagroupofstudentsastheywatchedshortvideosandfoundthatthosewhowerefriendsshowed______

___similarresponses.26.Don’tforgetthatafamilythrowsaway50Eurosworthoffoodeverymonth,sothatheoffersanumberoftip

sonhowtodealwith_________foodwaste.27.Mammothsdiedoutabout3,700yearsagobuttheirbodiesaresometimes_________inice.28.Evenafterthatinitialstepcreat

ivethinkingiscontinuallynecessaryto_________tochangingsituationsandtosolveproblemsthatcomeup.29.Avoidingprocessedfoodscanb

ehard,especiallyforpeoplewith_________timeandmoney.30.OthercountriesarenowfollowingtheUS’lead.InJapan,someJapanesepoliticians_________asimilarp

rojecttargetingTikTok.【答案】21.C22.F23.B24.I,25.H26.E27.J28.D29.A30.K【解析】【21题详解】考查名词。句意：在1902年那个大雾弥漫的夜晚，一

个名叫威利斯·哈维兰·开利(WillisHavilandCarrier)的年轻人突然想到了一个理论，这个理论后来成为现代空调技术的基础。根据空前是冠词the可知，空处应填名词，根据前文“hituponthetheory”可知，理论是

科学的基础，basis意为“基础”符合题意。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：该实验室的项目涉及从服装到医疗设备的一切，以提高早产儿的生存几率。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，空处应名词，根据后文的“premature(未成熟的)ba

bies”可知，应是提高早产儿的生存几率，survivalchance为固定搭配意为“生存机会”，所以survival意为“生存”符合题意。故选F项。【23题详解】考查副词。句意：太空旅游最初是一个充满希望的概

念，但现代太空旅游看起来不同。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子结构完整，所以应填副词作状语，根据后文“butthemodernspacetourismlooksdifferent”可知，空处应和现代太空旅

游相对应，所以initially意为“最初”符合题意。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意：这座建筑传达了一个重要的信息，即这是一个欢迎每个人并重视每个人的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的welcome并列，所以valued意为“被尊

重的”符合题意。故选I项。【25题详解】考查副词。句意：科学家们在一组学生观看短视频时扫描了他们的大脑，发现那些是朋友的学生表现出惊人的相似反应。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的形容词，所以应该用副词修饰，根据后文“sim

ilarresponses”可知，incredibly意为“难以置信地”符合题意。故选H项。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：别忘了，一个家庭每个月扔掉价值50欧元的食物，所以他提供了一些关于如何处理家庭食物浪费的建议。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词fo

od，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据前文“afamilythrowsaway50Eurosworthoffoodeverymonth”可知，是提供了一些关于如何处理家庭食物浪费的建议，所以household意为“家庭的”符

合题意。故选E项。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：猛犸象大约在3700年前灭绝，但它们的尸体有时被保存在冰中。分析句子结构可知，根据前文的“theirbodies”可推知，尸体是被保存在冰中，空前已有be动词，所以应

是preserved意为“保存”符合题意。故选J项。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：即使在最初的步骤之后，创造性思维仍然是必要的，以适应不断变化的情况和解决出现的问题。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应

填动词原形，且和后文的solve并列，根据后文“situations”可知，应该是适应情况，所以adapt意为“适应”符合题意。故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词。句意：不吃加工食品可能很难，尤其是对时间和金钱有限的人来说。分析句子结构可知，空后是

名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据前文“Avoidingprocessedfoodscanbehard”可推知，对时间和金钱有限的人，不吃加工食品可能很难，所以limited意为“有限的”符合题意。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词。句意：其他国家现在也在效仿美国

。在日本，一些日本政客也在推动一个针对TikTok的类似项目。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，根据后文“asimilarprojecttargetingTikTok.”可知，项目应该是推出，所以push意为“推出”符合题意。故选K项。Secti

onBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.mysteryB.obvious

lyC.experienceD.formerE.factF.criticallyG.celebrityH.agedI.previousJ.presentK.objectIntheJournalofSocialPsychology,twoU.S.re

searcherspublishedthefirstseriousstudyofaquestionthatseemstobetroublingmillions.Almostevery____31____fromBillGatest

oKesha,isrequiredtohaveananswer:Whatadvicewouldyougivetoyouryoungerself?RobinKowalskiandAnnieMcCordaskedmorethan400participants,all____3

2____over30.Theygotsomeentertainingreplieslike“Don’tmarryher”.Butwe’relittleclosertomakingclearthe____33____thathasalwaysbotheredm

e:What,precisely,dopeopletakethemselvestobedoingwhentheyaskthemselvesthisquestion?Pretty____34____,itrestsonaparadox(悖论).Youonlyacquire

dthewisdomonwhichyouradviceisbasedbymakingthemistakesyou’renowadvisingyour____35____selftoavoid.Forexample,

manyrespondentsgavesomeanswers“Stopbeingsoafraid”-offailure,ofotherpeople’sjudgements,oflife.Excellentadvice,butyou

’llneverfeelitsforceuntilyou’vefirstactedafraidandseenwherethatgotyou.____36____,asthesayinggoes,isaharshteacher.Itmakesyousitthetestfirstandonlygi

vesyouthelessonafterwards.Ofcourse,if“advisingyouryoungerself”werejustahappiness-boostingtechniquetoremindyouofwhatyou’velearnedinl

ife,nobodycould____37____.However,browsingtherepliestothestudy,whatyousense,farmorefrequently,isregret.Peopletruly

wishtheyhadnotmarriedsoyoung,chosenacareertopleasetheirparents,orspentthemoneyinsteadofsavingit.Andt

hisonlybringsintofocusonthe____38____thatregretisabasicallyself-contradictory(自相矛盾的)emotion.You’refeelingitbecauseyo

u’vegrownintothekindofpersonwhocanlookback____39____onwhatyoudidinthepast.Thismeansthat,judgedbyyour_____40_____values,you’veemerged

fromyourlifeexperiencebetterthanbefore.Thereforeyououghttobehappyratherthanregretful.Theimportantthingisn’twhatyoumighthavedonedifferentlyinthep

ast,ifyouhadbeensomeonethatyoucouldn’thavebeenbackthen.It’swhatyou’ddonow.Formanypeople,Iknow,thiscanbeahugechallenge.Butunlikechangingthepast,ithas

thegreatadvantageofnotbeingimpossible.【答案】31.G32.H33.A34.B35.D36.C37.K38.E39.F40.J【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主

要介绍了人总是会后悔逝去的过去，后悔自己没有做的不一样。但其实，真正重要的是现在而不是不可改变的过去。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：从比尔·盖茨到凯莎，几乎每个名人都被要求回答一个问题：你会给年轻时的自己什么建

议？分析句子成分可知，空处为名词；再根据下文的“BillGatestoKesha”可知，空处为表示人的名词。选项G“celebrity”，名词，意为“名人”。故选G。【32题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：罗宾·科瓦尔斯基和

安妮·麦考德询问了400多名年龄都在30岁以上的参与者。分析句子成分可知，空处为后置定语，且根据下文的“over30”可知，表示年龄。选项H“aged”，过去分词担当all的后置定语，且表示年龄。故选H。【33题详解

】考查名词。句意：但我们离弄清楚那个一直困扰我的谜题又近了一点：当人们问自己这个问题时，他们到底认为自己在做什么？分析句子成分，根据空前的定冠词“the”可知，空处为名词。选项A“mystery”，意为“谜团、谜题”，名词，且和下文“令人困扰的问题”保持一致。故选A。【34题详解】考查副词。句意：

很明显，它基于一个悖论。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词担当状语。选项B，obviously，意为“明显地”，副词，且和主句表达的意思一致，都是看得出来的事实。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：你只是通过犯那些你现在建议以前的自己要避免的错误而获得了建议所基于的

智慧。根据空后的self可知，空处为形容词；再根据上文的“now”可知，空处是和现在作对比。选项D“former”，形容词，意为“以前的”，符合句意。故选D。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：常言道，经验是严厉的老师。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词单数，

担当本句的主语。再根据下文“Itmakesyousitthetestfirstandonlygivesyouthelessonafterwards.”可知，这个名词是能够让你获得教训的。选项C“experience”，意为“经验”，名词单数，符合句

意。故选C。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：当然，如果“建议年轻时的自己”只是一种提高幸福感的技巧，提醒你在生活中所学到的东西，没有人会反对。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形，且表示对上文内容的不反对。选项K“object”，不及物动词，意为“反对

”，符合句意。故选K。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：这只会让我们关注一个事实，那就是后悔基本上是一种自相矛盾的情绪。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词，再根据下文“regretisabasicallyself-contradictory(自相矛盾的)emotion.”可知，空处是指这么一个事实。选

项E“fact”，意为“事实”，符合句意。故选E。39题详解】考查副词。句意：你之所以有这种感觉，是因为你已经成长为那种可以批判性地回顾过去所做过的事情的人。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词，修饰动词短语“lookback”；再根据句意可知，空处指的是“能正确地、批判性地”回顾过往。选项F“

critically”，意为“批判性地”，副词。故选F。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：这意味着，从你现在的价值来判断，你的生活经历比以前更好。所以你应该快乐，而不是后悔。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰名词values。再根据下文的“you’veemergedfro

myourlifeexperiencebetterthanbefore”空处指的是和以前相比较。选项J“present”，意为“现在的”，形容词，符合句意。故选J。IV.ReadingComprehensionsSectionAClozeDirections:Fo

reachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,【B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrase

thatbestfitsthecontext.Fornearlytenyears,IhavespentmyMondayeveningsattendingrehearsalsformyamateurchoir(合唱队).Mondaysarenotmyfavouriteday,andIo

ftenarriveinabadmoodbutbytheendoftherehearsal,Iusuallyfeel____41____.Thesingingdoesmegood.Sodothepeople.Withafewexcept

ions,Iwouldnotdescribemyfellowchoirmembersasclosefriends.Weexchange____42____chats,smilesandjokes-butthatisenoughforme

tocomeawayfeelingalittlebetterabouttheworld.Thereisnochoirpracticenow,andwon’tbeforalongtime.Imissit.Inlockdown,Idonotfeel____43____emotionalsupport

,butIdomissthefriendlyfacesandcasualconversations.____44____,Imissmy“weakties.”In1973,MarkGranovetter,asociologyprofessoratStanfordU

niversity,publishedapaperentitled“TheStrengthofWeakTies.”Untilthen,scholarshadassumedthatanindividual’swel

l-beingdependedmainlyonthe____45____oftheirrelationshipswiththeirclosefriendsandfamily.Granovettershowedthatquantitymattered,too.Hecatego

rizedaperson’s____46____worldas“strongties”and“weakties.”Hiscentralinsightwasthatfornewideas,weaktiesarem

oreimportanttousthanstrongones.AsGranovetterpointedout,thepeoplewhomweoftentalktousuallyturntothesame

____47____ofinformationaswedo.Wedependonacquaintanceswhomwe____48____seetobringusnewsofopportunities.Thiswastheideabeh

indthePixerbuilding,thedesignofwhichwas____49____bySteveJobs,whowasresponsibleformakingsurethatthePixarbuildingprojectr

unssafelyandsmoothly.Thebuildinghasalargecentralhallthroughwhichemployeesfromdifferentdepartmentshavetopassseve

raltimesaday.Jobswantedcolleaguesto_______50_______eachotherandshootthebreeze(闲聊).Hebelievedinthepoweroftheseseeminglyrandomconversationsto_______5

1_______creativity.Encounterswithweaktiescanbegoodforour_______52_______,too.GillianSandstrom,aseniorle

cturerattheUniversityofEssex,foundthatwhenapersonhadmorecasualinteractionswithweakties-say,alocalgardener,ane

ighbour,amemberofyogaclass—theyexperiencedmorehappinessandagreatersenseof_______53_______._______54_______,weshoul

dcontinuetofindwaystocultivateweak-tierelationships,duringlockdownandbeyond.Sandstromaddsthatwecanalso_______55______

_moreweak-tie-styleinteractionswithourstrongties.Thegoalistoletothersknowthatyouarethinkingofthemwithoutaskingforagreatdealoftim

e,energyorattention.41.A.amazedB.tiredC.frustratedD.energized42.A.honestB.briefC.impressiveD.unforgettable43.A.shortofB.tiredofC.sati

sfiedwithD.interestedin44.A.InshortB.InotherwordsC.OnthecontraryD.Afterall45.A.qualityB.impactC.varietyD.source46.A.innerB.idealC.soci

alD.material47.A.poolB.exchangeC.analysisD.organization48.A.typicallyB.constantlyC.speciallyD.infrequently49.A.fundedB.provenC.over

seenD.preferred50.A.learnfromB.comeacrossC.relyonD.lookafter51.A.killB.reflectC.fuelD.convert52.A.mentalityB.i

ntelligenceC.careerD.interactions53.A.superiorityB.responsibilityC.accomplishmentD.belonging54.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.SomehowD.Besides55.A

.engageinB.believeinC.reflectonD.setaside【答案】41.D42.B43.A44.B45.A46.C47.A48.D49.C50.B51.C52.A53.D54.B5

5.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲了人际交往中“弱关系”的好处。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：周一不是我最喜欢的日子，我经常心情不好，但在排练结束时，我通常感到精力充沛。A.amazed惊讶的；B.tired疲倦的；C.frustrated沮丧的；D.energized

充满能量的。由本句“Ioftenarriveinabadmoodbutbytheendoftherehearsal,Iusuallyfeel____1____.”可知，but前后语意相反，前面是“inabadmood”心情低落，后面就应该是“心情好”。故选D。【42

题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们简短地交谈、微笑、开玩笑，但这足以让我离开时对这个世界有了更好的感觉。A.honest诚实的；B.brief简短的；C.impressive印象深刻的；D.unforget

table难忘的。由本句“chats,smilesandjokes”可知，这些不是深入的交谈。故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：在封锁期间，我并不感到缺乏情感支持，但我确实想念那些友好的面孔

和随意的交谈。A.shortof短缺；B.tiredof厌倦；C.satisfiedwith满足；D.interestedin感兴趣。由本句“butIdomissthefriendlyfacesandcasualconversations”可知，but前后语意转折，“尽管我并不感到缺乏情感支持，但

我确实想念那些友好的面孔和随意的交谈”。故选A。【44题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：换句话说，我想念我的“弱关系”。A.Inshort简而言之；B.Inotherwords换句话说；C.Onthecontrary正相反；D.Afterall毕竟。由上文“Ido

missthefriendlyfacesandcasualconversations”可知，作者想念那些并非很亲密的朋友。故选B。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此之前，学者们一直认为，一个人的幸福主要取决于他与亲密朋友和家人的关系质量。A.quality质量；B.imp

act影响；C.variety变化；D.source来源。由下文“Granovettershowedthatquantitymattered,too.”可知“thatquantity”指代本题空格处。故选A。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他把一个人的社交世界分为“

强关系”和“弱关系”。A.inner内部的；B.ideal理想的；C.social社交的；D.material物质的。由本句“as“strongties”and“weakties.””可知“强关系”和“弱关系”都指的是社交方面。故选C。47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正

如Granovetter指出的那样，我们经常交谈的人通常会和我们寻求相同的信息库。A.pool池子；B.exchange交换；C.analysis分析；D.organization组织。由本句“weoftentalkto”可知，我们经常交谈的人和我们有共同的信息，即我们的“信息库”相同。故

选A。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们依靠那些不常见面的熟人给我们带来机遇的消息。A.typically典型地；B.constantly不断地；C.specially特别地；D.infreq

uently不频繁地。由本句“tobringusnewsofopportunities”可知，那些我们不常见面的朋友才能给我们带来新的东西。故选D。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是皮克斯大楼背后的想法，它的设计由史蒂夫·乔布斯监督，他负责确保皮克斯建筑项

目安全顺利地运行。A.funded提供资金；B.proven证明；C.overseen监督；D.preferred偏爱。由本句“whowasresponsible”可知乔布斯对该大楼的设计负责，监督该大楼的设计。故选C。【50题详解

】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：乔布斯希望同事们能偶遇，闲聊一番。A.learnfrom向……学习；B.comeacross偶遇；C.relyon依赖；D.lookafter照看。由下文“randomconversations”

可知，“闲聊”是偶然之下发生的。故选B。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他相信这些看似随意的对话能够激发创造力。A.kill杀死；B.reflect反映；C.fuel加强；D.convert转换。由本句“thepowerofthe

seseeminglyrandomconversations”可知闲聊有激发创造力的力量。故选C。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：遇到弱关系对我们的心态也有好处。A.mentality心态；B.intel

ligence智力；C.【career职业；D.interactions互动。由下文“theyexperiencedmorehappinessandagreatersenseof____13____.”可

知，那些经常有弱关系的人有更高的幸福感和归属感，即他们心态更好。故选A。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃塞克斯大学的高级讲师GillianSandstrom发现，当一个人与弱关系（比如当地的园

丁、邻居、瑜伽课上的同学）有更多的随意互动时，他们会感到更多的快乐和更强的归属感。A.superiority优越性；B.responsibility责任；C.accomplishment成就；D.belonging归属感。由本句“happines

s”结合上一题答案“mentality”可知，心态好的人幸福感和归属感也高。故选D。【54题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们应该继续寻找方法，在封锁期间和之后培养弱关系。A.However然而；B.Therefore因而；C.Somehow不知怎的；D.Besides而且。由本句

“weshouldcontinuetofindwaystocultivateweak-tierelationships”再结合上文可知，上文论述了“弱关系”的益处，本句给出建议，作总结。故选B。【55题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Sandstrom补充说，我们还可以与强关系进行更多弱关系式的

互动。A.engagein参与、互动；B.believein相信；C.reflecton反思；D.setaside不予考虑。由“withourstrongties”可知，我们可以与强关系进行互动。故选A。Se

ctionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Forsomepeople,musicisnofu

natall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic.”Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecogni

zeorreproducemusicalnotes(音调).Amusicpeopleoftencannottellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotesiftheyarev

eryfarapartonthemusicalscale.Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethesoundofmusictopiecesofm

etalhittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetsthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultforotherpeopletoide

ntifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelsliketobeamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmall

canbeuncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystayawayfromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultin

withdrawalandsocialisolation.“Iusedtohateparties,”saysMargaret,aseventy-year-oldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshe

wasamusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythisunusualcondition.Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusics

aredifferentfromthebrainsofpeoplewhocanappreciatemusic.Thedifferenceiscomplex,anditdoesn'tinvolvedefectivehearing.Amu

sicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.Theyalsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompareamusicstopeoplewhojustcan'tsee.certa

incolors.Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed(诊断).Foryears,Margaretfeltembarrassedaboutherprob

lemwithmusic.Nowsheknowsthatsheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesiteasierforhertoexplain.“W

henpeopleinvitemetoaconcert,Ijustsay,”Nothanks,I'mamusic,'“saysMargaret.“IjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwassevente

enandnotseventy.”56.Whichofthefollowingistrueofamusic?A.Listeningtomusicisfarfromenjoyableforthem.B.Theyloveplaceswherethe

yarelikelytohearmusic.C.Theycaneasilytelltwodifferentsongsapart.D.Theirsituationiswellunderstoodbymusicians

.57.AccordingtoParagraph3,apersonwith“defectivehearing”isprobablyonewho___________.A.dislikeslisteningtospeechesB.canhearanythingnonmusica

lC.hasahearingproblemD.lacksacomplexhearingsystem58.Inthelastparagraph,Margaretexpressedherwishthat__________.A.herproblemwithmusicha

dbeendiagnosedearlierB.shewereseventeenyearsoldratherthanseventyC.herproblemcouldbeeasilyexplainedD.shewereabletomeetotheramusics59.Whatisthepassag

emainlyconcernedwith?A.Amusics'strangebehaviours.B.Somepeople'sinabilitytoenjoymusic.C.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure.D.Ident

ificationandtreatmentofamusics.【答案】56.A57.C58.A59.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了一群特殊的人——“音盲”（没有乐感的人），对他们而言，音乐如同噪音一般，没有任何乐趣。没有欣赏音

乐的能力给他们的生活带来了诸多不便，不过，令人高兴的是，他们的这种状况目前已得到诊断，他们的大脑与能够欣赏音乐的人的大脑有所不同，而且这种差异很复杂。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpe

rcentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic.”可知对有些人来说，音乐对他们说没有任何乐趣而言。大约4%的人口是科学家所说的“音盲”。由此可知，A项“听音乐对他们来说远非享受”符合对音盲的描述，故

选A。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中Thedifferenceiscomplex,anditdoesn'tinvolvedefectivehearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusical

soundswell.可知两者的区别很复杂，并不涉及听力缺陷。音盲可以很好地理解其他非音乐的声音。由此可推知，“听力有缺陷”的人可能是指一个听力有障碍的人。故选C。【58题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中

“IjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.”可知“我真希望我是在十七岁而不是七十岁的时候学会这么说的。”由此可知，Margaret表达了她的愿望，希望自己在音乐方面的问题能早点得到诊断。故选A。【

59题详解】主旨大意题。文章的第一段告诉读者大约4%的人音乐对于他们而言，没有任何乐趣可言，他们没有辨别与再现音调的能力；第二段讲述歌曲对于没有乐感的人来说听起来像噪音，以及由此给他们的生活带来的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因为他们的大脑与能欣赏音乐的人的大脑不同造成的，但这又不同于

有听力障碍的人；最后一段以Margaret为例，说明他们的这种状况最终得以诊断。可知这篇文章主要讲的是有些人不能欣赏音乐。故选B。【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和

概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。如第一小题属

于是非辨别型，根据第一段中Forsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic.”可知对有些人来说，音乐对他们说

没有任何乐趣而言。大约4%的人口是科学家所说的“音盲”。由此可知，B项“听音乐对他们来说远非享受”符合对音盲的描述，故选B。(B)WhenIbecameabudgettraveler,andIdiscoveredso

meofthecheapestwaystotravelaroundtheworld.Don’tletmoneyproblemsstopyoufromtraveling.Hereareafewwaystotravelcheapthatca

nhelpyouseetheworldonabudget.1.PaywithpointsYou’resmartenoughtoknowmoneydoesn’tgrowontrees,butearningc

reditcardpointsandmilesmayhaveyouthinkingotherwise.Figureouthowmuchmoneyyouregularlyspend,andconsidermakingthosepurchasesonatravelcard,liketheCha

seSapphirePreferredCard,sothatyouhavethepotentialtoberewardedwithpointsandmileseverytimeyouswipe.You

canredeem(兑换)theserewardsforairfare,hotelsandotherqualifyingexpenses.2.Whattoscoreevencheaperflights?YoumaywanttosubscribetoScott’s

CheapFlights.Thisemailnewsletteralertsbudgettravelerswhenairlinesholdsalesormistakenlylowertheirprices.Inthep

ast,Scott’sCheapRightshasnotifiedsubscribersaboutamazingdealslikea$260flightfromNewYorktoParisandaflightfromSanFranciscotoBali

for$364.TheFlightDeal.comandSecretFlying.comaretwomoresitesthatmaybeabletohelpyoufindcheapflights,accordingtoNicoAtien

za,afrontdeskagentattheTravelHackingCartel.3.TimingiseverythingIt’stypicallyeasiertofindcheapflightswhenyourtravelscheduleisfl

exible.Often,you’llfindthebestdealswhenyoutravelinthemiddleoftheweekortakeared-eyeflightovernight.Ifyou’repreparedtofaceless-t

han-idyllicweather,youcouldsaveevenmoremoneyonairfareandhotelsbytravelingduringoff-peakseasons.“Themostimporta

ntthingistobeflexibleontiming,”saysAtienza.“Thetighteryourtimeframe,thelesschanceyou’regoingtogetacheapfare”.Itcanalsohelpto

bookearly.4.Whenyoutraveltogether,youcansplitthecostswithyourfriendsandfamilyThere’ssomethingtobesaidaboutsolotravel.Butify

ou’reonabudget,youcansplitthecostsofhotelsandrentalcarswhenyoutravelwithasmallgroupoffriendsorfamily.Sodon’tbeshyabou

tsqueezingintoasmallmotelroomorrentinganentirehomeonAirbnbifit’slessexpensiveperperson.“Theoptimalpartysizetendstoworkout

tobefourpeople,”saysAtienza.Anymorethanthatandthehotelmightchargeyouforanotherroom.Youshouldalsobeabletofitaboutfourpeopleinyourrentalcar,depe

ndingonthetypeofcaryourent.60.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Waystodobudgets.B.Waystotravelcheap.C.Arrang

ementofatourD.Timemanagement.61.Whatislearnedfromthepassage?A.TheairfarefromSanFranciscotoBaliisonly$364.B.Youmayfindcheapflights

fromTheFightDeal.comandSecretFlying.com.C.Thetighteryourtimeframe,themorechanceyou’regoingtogetacheapfare.D.Atienzabelievesthattheo

ptimalpartysizetendstoworkouttobethreepeople.62.Accordingtothisarticle,whichofthefollowingisNOTawaytogetcheapairlinetickets?A.Re

deemPointsforAirlineTickets.B.Noticetheairlines’pricereductionanddiscountemails.C.Chooseoff-seasontraveltimes.D.Splitthecostswithyourfriendsand

family.63.Thisarticleismostlikelytocomefrom_________.A.atravelmagazineB.aspeechC.apromotionemailD.adailynewspaper【答

案】60.B61.B62.D63.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。介绍一些便宜旅行的方法。【60题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhenIbecameabudgettraveler,andIdiscoveredsomeofthecheapestwaystotravela

roundtheworld.Don’tletmoneyproblemsstopyoufromtraveling.Hereareafewwaystotravelcheapthatcanhelpyouseetheworldo

nabudget.(当我成为穷游一族时，我发现了一些环游世界最便宜的方式。不要让金钱问题阻止你旅行。这里有一些便宜旅行的方法，可以帮助你在预算内看世界)”可知，本文主要介绍了一些便宜旅行的方法，可以帮助你在预算内去环游世界。故选B项。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题What

toscoreevencheaperflights?下的段落中“TheFlightDeal.comandSecretFlying.comaretwomoresitesthatmaybeabletohelpyoufindcheapfl

ights,accordingtoNicoAtienza,afrontdeskagentattheTravelHackingCartel.(“旅行黑客卡特尔”的前台代理尼科·阿蒂恩扎表示，TheFlight

Deal.com和SecretFlying.com是另外两个可以帮助你找到廉价航班的网站)”可知，我们可以在TheFightDeal.com和SecretFlying.com上找到便宜的航班。故选B项。【62题详解】

细节理解题。根据小标题Paywithpoints下的段落中“Figureouthowmuchmoneyyouregularlyspend,andconsidermakingthosepurchasesonatravelc

ard,liketheChaseSapphirePreferredCard,sothatyouhavethepotentialtoberewardedwithpointsandmileseverytimeyouswipe.Youcanredeemtheserewardsf

orairfare,hotelsandotherqualifyingexpenses.(计算出你经常花多少钱，然后考虑用一张旅行卡来购买，比如大通蓝宝石优先卡，这样你就有可能每次刷卡都能获得积分和里程奖励。你可以用这些奖励兑换机

票、酒店和其他合格的费用)”可知，可以用积分兑换机票，根据小标题Whattoscoreevencheaperflights?下的段落中“YoumaywanttosubscribetoScott’sCheap

Flights.Thisemailnewsletteralertsbudgettravelerswhenairlinesholdsalesormistakenlylowertheirprices.(你可能想订阅《斯科特的廉价航班》。当航空公司进行促销或错误地降低价格时，这封电子邮

件会提醒预算有限的旅行者)”可知，应该注意航空公司的降价和折扣邮件，根据小标题Timingiseverything下的段落中“Ifyou’repreparedtofaceless-than-idyllicweather,youcouldsaveevenmoremoneyon

airfareandhotelsbytravelingduringoff-peakseasons.(如果你已经准备好面对不那么美好的天气，那么在淡季旅行可以节省更多的机票和酒店费用)”可知，选择淡季旅行时间可以获得廉价机票。根据小标

题Whenyoutraveltogether,youcansplitthecostswithyourfriendsandfamily下的段落中“Butifyou’reonabudget,youcansplitthecostsofhotelsandrentalcars

whenyoutravelwithasmallgroupoffriendsorfamily.(但是如果你预算有限，当你和一小群朋友或家人一起旅行时，你可以分摊旅馆和租车的费用)”可知，文中提到的是分摊旅馆和租车的费用，而不是机票费用。故选D项。【63题详解】推理判

断题。根据第一段“WhenIbecameabudgettraveler,andIdiscoveredsomeofthecheapestwaystotravelaroundtheworld.Don’tletmoneyproblemsstopyoufromtraveling.Herearea

fewwaystotravelcheapthatcanhelpyouseetheworldonabudget.(当我成为穷游一族时，我发现了一些环游世界最便宜的方式。不要让金钱问题阻止你旅行。这里有一些便宜旅行的方法，可以帮助你在预算

内看世界)”可知，本文主要介绍了一些便宜旅行的方法，可以帮助你在预算内去环游世界，可推知，最有可能在旅行杂志上看到。故选A项。(C)Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughtt

ohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlya

ggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlyg

etanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothree

classes:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeathandthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanualla

bourer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouse

invitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttrifli

ngthingsattheweekend.Asfortheunfortunatepeoplewhocancommandeverythingtheywant,whocangratifyeverycapriceandlaytheirhandsonalmoste

veryobjectofdesire—forthemanewpleasure,anewexcitementisonlyanadditionalsatiation.Invaintheyrushfranticallyroundfromplac

etoplace,tryingtoescapefromtheavengingboredombymereclatterandmotion.Forthemdisciplineinoneformoranotheristhe

mosthopefulpath.Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:firs

t,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajo

rity.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsusten

ance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.ButFortune’sfavouredchildrenbelongtoth

esecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholiday

swhentheycomearegrudgedasenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvacation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofa

tmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.Indeed,itmaywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfro

mtheirmind.64.Whatdoes“aretoiled”inthe2ndparagraphmean?A.havehobbiesB.feelpleasedC.workveryhardD.arebusy65.WhichisNOTtruebasedonthe

firsttwoparagraphs?A.Beinglateinlifetoattempttocultivatehobbiesaddstomentalstress.B.Greatknowledgeirrelevanttothedailywo

rkcan’tguaranteebenefit.C.Thosetiredoutforaweek’slabourarereluctanttoplayfootballonweekends.D.Unfortunatepeopleneeddiscipl

inetohelpthembuilduphope.66.Forthosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure,they______.A.areverywillingtoworklonghoursintheofficeorthefact

oryB.earnalargeamountofmoneyduetotheirhardworkforalongtimeC.arekeentoenjoythepleasurewhentheyareoffdutyD.usually

enjoythemselvesinthesimplestandmostmodestforms67.Whichstatementwilltheauthoragreewithaccordingtothe3rdparagraph?A.Thefirstclassarelazyandthesecondcl

assareboundtosucceed.B.Thesecondclassneverneedholidaysbecausetheirlifeisharmonious.C.Theminorityaremorefavouredbyfort

unebecausetheyneverstopworking.D.Onereallyneedsalternationforachangeinordertoworkbetter.【答案】64.C65.D66.C67.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。短文论

述了工作和培养业余爱好的关系。【64题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedto

deathandthosewhoareboredtodeath.”概括地说，人可以分为三类:劳累至死的人，忧虑至死的人，无聊至死的人。由此可知划线词的意思是“工作非常努力”，故选C。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Asfortheunfortunatepeoplewho

cancommandeverythingtheywant,whocangratifyeverycapriceandlaytheirhandsonalmosteveryobjectofdesire—forthemanewpleas

ure,anewexcitementisonlyanadditionalsatiation.”可知，至于那些能够任意支配一切，能够恣意妄为，能够随心所欲地追求一切目标的不幸的人们，对他们来说，一种新的乐趣、一种新的刺激只不过是增加了一种餍足而已。根据前两段，“不幸的人需要纪律来帮

助他们建立希望。”是不正确的。故选D。【66题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,noto

nlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.”可知，他们得到了补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作给他们带来了酬劳，这不仅是谋生的手段

，而且带来了寻找乐趣的强烈欲望，哪怕是最简单、最朴实的乐趣。由此判断出对于那些工作就是工作，娱乐就是娱乐的人来说，他们渴望在下班后享受这种乐趣。故选C。【67题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Yettobothclassestheneedofa

nalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.Indeed,itmaywellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasureare

thosewhomostneedthemeansofbanishingitatintervalsfromtheirmind.”可知，然而，对这两类人来说，换一种观点、改变一下气氛、转移一下注意力都是必不可少的。的确，把工作当作娱乐的人可能是最需要每隔

一段时间就把工作从脑子里赶出去的人。根据第三段，作者会同意“为了更好地工作，一个人确实需要改变。”的看法。故选D。【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解

能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，根据第三段中“Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonly

themeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.”可知，他们得到了补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作给他们带

来了酬劳，这不仅是谋生的手段，而且带来了寻找乐趣的强烈欲望，哪怕是最简单、最朴实的乐趣。由此判断出对于那些工作就是工作，娱乐就是娱乐的人来说，他们渴望在下班后享受这种乐趣。故选C。(D)Ladiesandgentlemen,Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasam

an,buttomywork-alife'sworkintheagony（痛苦）andsweatofthehumanspirit.ButIwouldliketousethismomentasaclimaxfromwhichImightbelis

tenedtobytheyoungmenandwomenalreadydedicatedtothesameagonyandsweat,amongwhomisalreadythatonewhowillsomedaystandherewhereIamstanding.Ourtragedytodayi

sageneralanduniversalphysicalfearsolongsustainedbynowthatwecanevenbearit.Becauseofthis,theyoungmanorwomanwritingtodayhasforgottentheproblemsofthehum

anheartinconflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatisworthwritingabout,worththeagonyandthesw

eat.He,thewriter,mustlearnthemagain.Hemustteachhimselfthattheworstofallthingsistobeafraid;and,teachinghimselfthat,forgetitfore

ver,leavingnoroominhisworkshopforanythingbuttheoldtruthsoftheheart,theolduniversaltruthslackingwhichanystoryisshort-livedanddoomed-loveandhonor

andpityandprideandsympathyandsacrifice.Untilhedoesso,helaborsunderacurse（诅咒）.Hewritesnotoflovebutofdesire,ofd

efeatsinwhichnobodylosesanythingofvalue,ofvictorieswithouthopeand,worstofall,withoutpityorsympathy.Hisgriefsgrieveonnouniversalbones,leavingnosca

rs.Hewritesnotoftheheartbutoftheglands（腺体）.Untilherelearnsthesethings,hewillwriteasthoughhestoodamongand

watchedtheendofman.Ideclinetoaccepttheendofman.Itiseasyenoughtosaythatmanisimmortalsimplybecausehewillendure.Irefusetoacceptthis.Ibelievethatmanwi

llnotmerelyendure:hewillprevail.Heisimmortal,notbecausehealoneamongcreatureshasaninexhaustiblevoice,butbecausehehasasoul,aspiritcapa

bleofsympathyandsacrificeandendurance.Thepoet's,thewriter's,dutyistowriteaboutthesethings.Itishisprivilegetohelpmanendurebyliftin

ghisheart,byremindinghimofthecourageandhonorandhopeandprideandsympathyandpityandsacrificewhichhavebeenthegloryofhispast.Thepoet'svoiceneednotmere

lybetherecordofman,itcanbeoneofthepillarstohelphimendureandprevail.68.Theword“that”inthe2ndparagraphprobablymeans______.A.theagonyands

weatofthehumanspiritB.thegeneralanduniversalphysicalfearC.thesustenanceandenduranceforalongtimeD.thehumanheartinco

nflictwithitself69.Accordingtothespeaker,theoldtruthsoftheheartaresoimportantthat______.A.theyarelovehonor,pity,pride,sympathyandsacrificeB.theyprolo

ngawriter’slifeandprotecthimfromcursesCtheyarethesoulofarealandpowerfulpieceofwritingD.theycaneffectivelystopthetrendtowards

theendofman70.Howcanpoets/writershelpmanendureandprevail?A.Byinspiringmanwithhispastgloriesthroughwords.B.Byhelpingmanenduretheendthroughe

ndlessvoices.C.Byrecordingsympathy,sacrificeandenduranceinhissoul.D.Bybuildingspiritualpillarsthroughimmortalhearts.71.Thespeakermayp

robablyagreethat______.A.theawardwasnotfairbecausehislifewastoopainfulB.youngwritersnowaretoofearfultobeartheagonyandsweatC.thebiggesto

bstacletogoodwritingisthewriter’sfearD.writingaboutman’ssoulsignalshisfinalprevalence【答案】68.D69.C70.A71.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇演讲。作者认为今天的青年男女作家已经忘记了人类内心

的矛盾问题，而这种矛盾恰恰可以造就优秀的作品，因为只有这样的作品才值得写，才值得付出痛苦和汗水。【68题详解】词义指代题。根据第二段中Becauseofthis,theyoungmanorwomanwritingtodayhasf

orgottentheproblemsofthehumanheartinconflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatisworthwritingabout,,.wortht

heagonyandthesweat.正因为如此，今天的青年男女作家已经忘记了人类内心的矛盾问题，而这种矛盾恰恰可以造就优秀的作品，因为只有这样的作品才值得写，才值得付出痛苦和汗水。由此可知that指代的是“人类的心与它自己相冲突”。故选D。【69题详解】推

理判断题。根据第三段中theoldtruthsoftheheart,theolduniversaltruthslackingwhichanystoryisshort-livedanddoomed-loveandhonorandpityandprideandsympathya

ndsacrifice.Untilhedoesso,helaborsunderacurse（诅咒）.Hewritesnotoflovebutofdesire,ofdefeatsinwhichnobodylosesanythingofvalue,ofvictorieswithouthopeand,w

orstofall,withoutpityorsympathy.可知，根据讲话者所说，古老的内心真理是如此重要，它们是一篇真实而有力的文章的灵魂。故选C。【70题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Thepoet's,thewr

iter's,dutyistowriteaboutthesethings.Itishisprivilegetohelpmanendurebyliftinghisheart,byremindinghimofth

ecourageandhonorandhopeandprideandsympathyandpityandsacrificewhichhavebeenthegloryofhispast.可知，诗人/作家只有用过去的辉煌

来激励人才能帮助人类生存和胜利。故选A。【71题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中He,thewriter,mustlearnthemagain.Hemustteachhimselfthattheworstofa

llthingsistobeafraid;可知，演讲者可能会同意，优秀写作的最大障碍是作者的恐惧。故选C。【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的

复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线

词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。本题第1小题，根据第二段中Becauseofthis,theyoungmanorwomanwritingtodayhasforgottenthepr

oblemsofthehumanheartinconflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatisworthwritingabout

,worththeagonyandthesweat.正因为如此，今天的青年男女作家已经忘记了人类内心的矛盾问题，而这种矛盾恰恰可以造就优秀的作品，因为只有这样的作品才值得写，才值得付出痛苦和汗水。由此可知that指代的是“人类的心与

它自己相冲突”。故选D。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.E

achsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesente

ncesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.It’stimetore-evaluatehowwomenhand

leconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyou

downandhinderyourcareergoals.Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44re

portedfeeling,“verytired”or“exhausted,”accordingtoarecentstudy.______72______It’salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersand

home.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying“no.”Womenwanttobeabletodoitall--volunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdelicious

meals--andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesir

etobelikedbytheircolleagues._____73_____.Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepe

acemaker,becausetheydon’twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.____74____Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbene

fitsthemmost,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat’stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvet

heproblem--evenifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemselves.Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactorinwhogetsprom

otedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot._____75_____Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,Itmayhighlightyour

inabilitytodelegateeffectively.A.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay“no”maybehurtingwomen’shealthaswellastheircareer.B.Lead

ershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely--includingstaffexpertise.C.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddresse

dimmediately,resultinginadisputeoverwhoshouldbetheonetofixit.D.MenandwomentendtobehavedifferentlywhenfacedwithadisputeE.Thismaynotbesurp

risinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.F.Thereasonwhywomeninthisagerangesuffersomuchisthattheycannotsay“no.”【答案】72.E73.A74.C75.B【解析】【分

析】这是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，18-44岁的女性中感到“非常累”或“筋疲力尽”的人数几乎是男性的两倍。女性感到疲惫的一个原因是她们很难说“不”，包括生活和工作中。文章继续说明了在工作场所中男性和女性处理冲突方式的不同，指出处理冲突的这种差异要求领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资

源。【72题详解】根据下文It’salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.（这个年龄段也是许多女性试图平衡事业和家庭的年龄。）中thea

gerange可对应到E选项中thisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren。表示“考虑到这是女性生育孩子的年龄范围，这可能不足为奇。”符合上下文语境。故选E。【73题详解】结合上文Womenstruggl

etosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.（出于类似的原因，女性在职场中也很难说“不”，包括想要被同事喜欢。）中say“no”可对应到A选项中thisinabilit

ytosay“no”，且表示“不幸的是，这种不能说“不”的能力可能会损害女性的健康和事业。”符合上下文语境。故选A。【74题详解】结合下文Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmo

st,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat’stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheprobl

em--evenifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemselves.（男人更倾向于从什么对他们最有利的角度来面对争端，而女人则可能从什么是解决问题最简单、最快捷的方法来面对同样的争端——即使那意味着自己要做那些无聊的工作。）可推知是在

说明面对一个解决问题的争端，男人和女人的不同反应。故C选项“例如，有一个问题需要立即解决，导致了关于谁应该解决它的争论。”符合上下文语境。故选C。【75题详解】结合下文Shoulderingmoreoft

heworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,Itmayhighlightyourinabilitytodelegateeffectively.（承担更多的工作量可能不会让你得到晋升。相反，它可能会突出你无法有效地委派工作。）可推知面对任务的分配，一

个领导必须能够做出明智的决定，否则承担更多的工作量可能不会让你得到晋升。相反，它可能会突出你无法有效地委派工作。故B选项“领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资源——包括员工的专业技能。”符合上下文语境。故选B。V.TranslationDirections:Translatethefoll

owingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.76.适当的放松一下自己有助于你提高学习效率，不要老是为此感到内疚。(guilty)(汉译英)【答案】Relax

ingyourselfappropriatelycanhelpyouimproveyourlearningefficiency.Don'talwaysfeelguiltyaboutit.【解析】【详解】考查动名词和固定短语。根据句意可知，要把句子翻译成两个句

子，“适当的放松”翻译成动名词短语relaxingyourselfappropriately，做主语，情态can后接help构成谓语，helpsbdosth，提高学习效率翻译为improveyourlearningefficiency。不要老是为此感到内疚翻译为祈使句的否定形式，对

......感到内疚为feelguiltyabout。故翻译为：Relaxingyourselfappropriatelycanhelpyouimproveyourlearningefficiency.Don'talwaysfeelguiltyab

outit。77.越来越多的语言学家担心一些地方方言会因全球化而面临消亡，这可能会导致语言多样性的缺失。(likely)(汉译英)【答案】Moreandmorelinguistsareworriedthatsomelocaldial

ectswillfaceextinctionduetoglobalization,whichlikelyleadstothelossoflinguisticdiversity.【解析】【详解】考查从句和时态以及副词。beworriedthat....，为宾语从句，从句为一般将来时

，面临消亡为faceextinction，因全球化为“duetoglobalization”，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子，句子为一般现在时，导致为leadto，可能为likely，修饰动词。语言多样性的缺失为

“thelossoflinguisticdiversity”。故翻译为：Moreandmorelinguistsareworriedthatsomelocaldialectswillfaceextinctionduetoglobalization,

whichlikelyleadstothelossoflinguisticdiversity。78.纵观人类历史，如果一个民族无法适应时代变迁，它就很难在激烈的全球竞争中存活。(survive)(汉译英)【答案】Throughouthum

anhistory,ifanationcannotadapttothechangingtimes,itcanhardlysurviveinthefierceglobalcompetition.【解析】【详解】考查动词、短语和名词。表示“纵观人类历史”应用介词短语“throughouthumanhi

story”；“如果”提示用“if”引导条件状语从句；表示“适应时代变迁”短语为“adapttothechangingtimes”；“很难”用副词“hardly”；表示“在激烈的全球竞争中存活”短语为“surviveinthefierceglobalcompetition”。故翻译为Thro

ughouthumanhistory,ifanationcannotadapttothechangingtimes,itcanhardlysurviveinthefierceglobalcompetition.79.德国国家足球队想当然的认为他们能够踢赢日本队，因而

当对手逆转比赛时德国队又吃惊又沮丧。(it)(汉译英)【答案】TheGermanynationalfootballteamtookitforgrantedthattheycouldbeattheJapanese,sotheGermansweresurprisedanddismayedwh

entheiropponentreversedthegame.【解析】【详解】考查it做形式宾语、时态以及从句。根据句意可知，本句在描述过去发生的事情为一般过去时，主从句都为一般过去时，想当然的认为翻译为“takeitforgrantedthat..

.”,it作形式宾语，that为真正的主语，打败为beat。逆转比赛为reversethegame，吃惊又沮丧为“besurprisedanddismayed”,本句为when引导的时间状语从句。再结合其它汉语提示。故翻译为

：TheGermanynationalfootballteamtookitforgrantedthattheycouldbeattheJapanese,sotheGermansweresurprisedanddismayedwhen

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