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龙岩市一级校2022-2023学年第一学期期末高三联考化学参考答案一、选择题:本题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。题号12345678910答案CBDBAACCAD二、非选择题:本题共5小题,共60分。11.(12分)(1)多次浸取;适当增大稀硫酸浓度;充分搅拌;适当升高温度;粉碎(任答1
种,其他合理答案也给分)(1分)(2)Al(OH)3..........................................................................................
......................................(1分)3Fe2++MnO-4+8H2O===MnO(OH)2↓+3Fe(OH)3↓+5H+......................................(2分)(3)Zn................
....................................................................................................................
......(1分)(4)5Zn2++10HCO3-===Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6·2H2O↓+8CO2↑............................................(2分)(5)n[Zn(OH)2]∶n(ZnO)=1∶4....................
...........................................................................(2分)(6)加入最后一滴氢氧化钠溶液,溶液颜色由无色变为浅红色且半分钟内不变色
.....(1分)97.2%.......................................................................................................
............................(2分)12.(11分)(1)Cu+4HNO3===Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O...........................
.......................................(2分)(2)HNO3.................................................................
...................................................................(1分)(3)Cu(NO3)2............................
..................................................................................................(1分)向④中溶液通入NO2
气体后,加入铜片.......................................................................(1分)N2(或稀有气体等其他不与体系发生反应的气体)......................................
.............(1分)HNO2.......................................................................................
.............................................(1分)(4)排除通NO2带来的硝酸浓度增大的影响.......................................................................(1分)(5)2
HNO3+H2O2+Cu===Cu(NO3)2+2H2O....................................................................(1分)90%................
......................................................................................................................(2分)13.(14分)(
1)2NH3(g)+CO2(g)CO(NH2)2(s)+H2O(g),△H1=-87.0kJ/mol........................(2分)(2)该反应正向放热,气体分子数减小,高压低温有利于平衡右移,提高原料利用率。(2分)(3)①A
BD..........................................................................................................
........................(2分)②44.4%...................................................................
............................................................(1分)50..........................................................
............................................................................(1分)③........................................
.......................................(2分)(4)①CO(NH2)2+NO(g)+NO2===2N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O.................
..................(2分)②相对于NO2,NO难溶于水,难与尿素接触反应,未参与反应的NO增多,导致总还原率降低。(2分)14.(11分)(1)3d64s2.........................
..........................................................................................................(1分)sp2..................................
........................................................................................................(1分)(2)65........
.................................................................................................................................(
1分)(3)交错....................................................................................................................................
..(1分)旋转势垒很小,两种结构能量非常接近,气态时二者会相互转化..........................(2分)(4)Pb原子上有孤对电子,对二茂环有排斥...............
.......................................................(2分)(5)6.................................................
...........................................................................................(1分)302334120106.0210a.........
..............................................................................................(2分)15.(12分)(1)苯乙烯(或乙烯苯)...............................
..........................................................................(1分)(2)............................................................
.................................................................(1分)(3)........................................(2分)(4)取代反应.........
.............................................................................................................
........(1分)(5)羰基、羧基..........................................................................................................................(2分)
(6)............................................................................................(2分)(7)...........................
......................................................................................................................
........(3分)