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易错点16阅读理解词义猜测题目录01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1：词义/词

组指代易混易错点。【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着

密切的关联。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理

归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）Sheprogr

ammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.Thisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshape

oftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock”inparagraph5mean?A．Ab

asicpart.B．Adetailedmap.C．Abuildingmaterial.D．Amajorobstacle.易错分析：脱离语境，只记得熟词意思误选C，应根据for之后句意及上句的意思判断熟词生义。【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Shep

rogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.(她编写了一台IBM7030Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知

划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的abuildingblock。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。【变式1】（吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetsp

ot”hearshigh-qualitysound.Butasonegelsfartherfromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.That’sbecausesoundwavesf

romdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother’ssound.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Becomeslower.B．Travelsfas

ter.C．Getssweeter.D．Soundsnicer.易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“Th

at’sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother’ssound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：

但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。【变式2】（湖北省高中名校联盟2023-2024学年高三联合测评试题）Actually,untilherpregnancyQuar

leshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillastyear.“Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafra

idmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”......Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Safean

dslow.B．Fastanddangerous.C．Excitingandterrifying.D．Gentleandcomfortable.易错分析：受break的熟词词义影响，脱离语境误选A。根据Actually的逻辑转折意义，及下文引述的话可推知逻辑含义

。【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“AliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays—bothofthem,atallhoursofthedayandnight.(这些天艾丽西亚·夸尔斯忙得不可开交——无论是白天还是晚上)”及

划线词下文““Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”(“我

筋疲力尽，”她说。“我一直在做三份工作，做慈善，不停地工作。我担心我的心理健康状况会越来越差。”)”可知，夸尔斯工作繁忙，生活速度非常快，以至于筋疲力尽。由此推知，划线词breakneck与Fastanddangerous(快速危险)意思接近。故选B。【变式3】（广东省揭阳市普宁市第一中

学2023-2024学年高三试题）Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois,I

workedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandh

ardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.......Wh

atdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut”inparagraph1mean?A．Stoppedprogressingsmoothly.B．Hadveryslowreactions.C

．Acceptedhardwork’svalue.D．Overcameabigproblem.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursan

dhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.(虽然我在研究生生涯的

早期很有成效，但我的长时间和辛勤工作不再转化为实验室的成功，我对实现自己的目标感到绝望。有些事情必须改变。)”可知，我在学业上遇到了瓶颈，所以划线部分的短语是停止顺利进行的意思。故选A项。【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【例2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）Thecrea

torsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventin

g250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdt

hekeytosuccess.“TheGreatGreenWall…isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit

,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisis

theverythingofus!”Whatdoes“us”underlinedinParagraph3referto?A．AfricanUnions.B．Alladvocates.C．Landowners.D．AllAfr

icans.易错分析：本题容易脱离话题，主观臆断。不可烦躁，浮于表面，应严密查找上文语句和词语之间的逻辑联系。【答案】D【导语】词句猜测题。根据第三段“TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvita

l,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.(这一倡议是非洲驱动的，对非洲大陆的人来说至关重要，可能是成功的关键)”以及““TheGreatGreenWall…isaboutownership,andthat

hasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanU

nionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingofus!”(“绿色长城……是关

于所有权的问题，而这正是发展援助的失败之处，因为人们从未认同它，”非洲联盟撒哈拉和萨赫勒绿色长城倡议专员埃尔维斯·保罗·坦加姆说。“但这一次他们认同了。这就是我们的本性！)”可知，此处的us指“所有的非洲人”。故选D项。【变式2】（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Regul

atorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.Forinstance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm.“Comparedto

America,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,”saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency.“Itdoesworktosetlimitsa

ndenforcethem.PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.Ingeneral,transmissionf

rompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthesamewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.”TriertoldNBS,oneofthemaj

orAmericanmass-mediacompanies.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A．Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.B．PFAStransmissionfrompac

kagingtofood.C．Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.D．Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。

根据第四段“PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.(PFAS确实从纸张转移到了食品中。尽管它不是1

00%，但我们仍然看到了相当大的传播)”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS从纸张转移到食品中”。故选B。【变式3】（2023年全国高三专项练习）Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowed

highactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportanti

ncravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainar

easbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends......

.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Amidbrainarea.B．Asocialactivity.C．Avolunteer.D．Ahamburg

er.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三自然段“Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymisse

d.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.(在志愿者被隔离后，当他们看到自己错过的社交活动时，这些大脑区域就会变得活跃。可能是做运动或和朋友聊天)”可知，代

词It指代的是前文中让大脑会变得活跃的socialactivities之一。故选B项。【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点【例3】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）Realrichesconsistofwell-d

evelopedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹没)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.T

heyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.......Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat

______.A．howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfiedB．howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituall

ypoorC．thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelifeD．thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage易错分析：拘泥于字面意思，易误选C、D，应根据上句，理解深层含义。【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Mostpe

oplearealreadyswamped(淹没)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.(大多数人已经被事情淹没了。他们吃得太多，穿得太多，去得太多，说得太多)”可推知，大多数人有耽于生活中物质的东西和琐碎的东

西，比如吃穿和闲聊，由此推知，尽管他们物质丰富，但实际精神生活匮乏，这正是划线句表达的意思，与B项“howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoor(无论物质上多么富裕，他

们精神上仍然贫乏)”同义。故选B项。【变式1】（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseac

hweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountai

nmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombinedandI’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.......Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying“I’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.”?A．Itisrewarding

tolearnnewskills.B．Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.C．Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter.D．Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhimforever.【答案】C【解析】句意猜测题。根

据第二段“Watchingyourkidslearnnewskillsisextraordinarilyrewarding,butI’veexperiencedmorepersonalgrowththanIhaveatanyotherpointinmylife.”（看着你的孩子学习新技

能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,A

liciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombin

ed”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。【变式2】（2022年全国

高三专练）Whenyouneedajobverymuch,youmayenduptakingOfcourse,youmayseektasksandresponsibilitiesthatforceyoutolearnsomethingnew

ortoworkharder.“Youmaybeoperatingonautopilot（习惯性地）rightnow,butchancesarethatpeopleaboveyouarestressed,”SarahHath

ornsays.“Takethingsoffyourboss’splateandlethimknowwhichprojectsortasksyouwanttolearnmoreabout.”......Theunderlinedwords“takethin

gsoffyourboss’splate”mean______.A．drawyourboss’sattentionB．shareyourboss’sburdensC．giveyourbossusefuladviceD．askyourbossforabetterposi

tion【答案】B【分析】词义猜测题。通过文中画线句后文“lethimknowwhichprojectsortasksyouwanttolearnmoreabout.（让他知道哪些项目或任务你想要多了解一些。）”可知画线部分的意思是你能与老板分担忧愁，故选B项。【变式3】（2022·湖北孝

感高三模拟）AssoonasIstartedpedalingagain,mypantsgotcaughtinthechain,andIfellflatonmyfaceandhitmynose.Sincethathappenedtmygranddaddecidedtocallitadayand

tryagainthenextmorning.ThenextmorningIwokeupbrightandearly,andwasveryeagertotrytoridemybike.Mynosefeltbetter,soIwas

n’tthatafraidoffallinganymore.......26．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthepassagemean?A．Rememberwhathappenedthisday.B．Maketheauthorfeelhappy.C．Stoppracti

cingbicycling.D．Goontorideabike.【答案】C【分析】词义猜测题。下文andtryagainthenextmorning.说第二天早晨再尝试，可猜测出mygranddaddecidedtocallitaday的意思是我的祖

父决定暂停，故选C。1.（2023年全国甲卷）TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelve

sandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.......Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabh

and”inparagraph1?A．Anartist.B．Awinner.C．Aspecialist.D．Apioneer.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilledatput

tingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.(她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指TerriBoltonis是一

位DIY高手。C项“Aspecialist(一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“adabhand”的意思。故选C。2.（2023年全国乙卷）Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesacci

dentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirt

hingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowo

ftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliteratea

ndnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,

wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem.B

.History.C.Voice.D.Society.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBen

inandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahi

storytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourf

irst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物

品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthat

conversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是

书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。3.（2022年新高考I卷）......WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStr

eet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativese

ssions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNotting

HillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandc

reativeactivities.”Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A．Improve.B．Oppose.C．Begin.D．Evaluate【答

案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaofthepr

ojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”(彭福街60号的额外护理经理

WendyWilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个

项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embarkon意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C项。4.（湖北省部分学校2023-2024学年高三起点试题）Usingfirst-of-their-kindobservat

ionsfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.aUniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities-ledteamlookedmorethan13billionyearsintothepasttodiscoveraun

ique,minusculegalaxycluster(星系团)thatgeneratednewstarsatanextremelyhighrateforitssize.Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscove

redatthisdistance—around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang—andcouldhelpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepre

sentshortlyaftertheuniversecameintoexistence.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minuscule”inparagraphlmean?A．Extreme

lysmall.B．Remarkablydark.C．Especiallyremote.D．Quitecomplicated.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据首段中的“Thegalaxyisoneofthesmalleste

verdiscoveredatthisdistance—around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang—andcouldhelpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlya

ftertheuniversecameintoexistence.(这个星系是在宇宙大爆炸后大约5亿年发现的最小星系之一，可以帮助天文学家更多地了解宇宙形成后不久出现的星系。)”可知，本句是对该句前的galaxycluster(

星系团)进行进一步的解释，由此可知，划线单词是对新发现的galaxycluster进行修饰，由此可以推断，划线单词的意思与“Extremelysmall(极小的)”意义有关。故选A项。5.（贵州省六盘水市2023-2024学年高三诊断性检测题）ButOreosdon

’tattractyouwithtastealone;scentshaveahugeimpactontheeatingexperience.WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecooki

ereleaseodorantsintotheairinsideyourmouth.Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity(鼻腔),wheretheyinteractwithsmellreceptors(感受器)anden

teryourbrain’sdecoding(解码)process.Yourbrainislikelytofindthosesmellsdelightful,saysCharlesSpence,aprofessorofexperimenta

lpsychologyattheUK’sUniversityofOxford.Spencesayschocolateandvanillaaretwooftheworld’smostlikedsmells....

...Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Chocolates.B．Chemicals.C．Cookies.D．Scents.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“scentshave

ahugeimpactontheeatingexperience.WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodorantsintotheairinsideyourmouth.Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcav

ity(鼻腔)（气味对饮食体验有着巨大的影响。当你咬一口奥利奥时，饼干中的化学物质会将气味释放到你嘴里的空气中。这些气味会进入你的鼻腔）”，可知，下文划线they指代的是scents。故选D。6.（福建省厦门集美中学2023-2024学年高三10月试卷）“Let’stakeabreak,”pa

rtwaythroughthemeeting,mybossstood,saying.“Ineedmorecoffee.”Ipickedupmyemptycup.“Ido,too,”Isaid,andhandedittohimacrossthetable.“Thanks,”Iadded,lookin

gathimexpectantly.Thebosswasstaggeredforamoment,andthentookthecupfromme.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stagg

ered”meaninthesixthparagraph?A．Amused.B．Shocked.C．Depressed.D．Excited.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“‘Ido,too,’Isaid,andhandedittohimacrossthe

table.‘Thanks,’Iadded,lookingathimexpectantly.(“我也是。”我说着，隔着桌子递给了他。“谢谢。”我补充道，期待地看着他。)”可知，老板没想到作者会让自己去倒咖啡，这使他很震惊。所以划线词staggered为“震惊的”之意，与shocked意思相近。

故选B。7.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylook

likethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread,publishershavecrankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthatareallcollectionsofshortexcerpts

accompaniedbyasetofmultiplechoicequestions.Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteachthemhowtotakeastandardizedtest.......Whichofth

efollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedout”inparagraph4?A．chargedB．canceledC．changedD．Produced【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题

。根据第四段的“Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.Andso

astheBigStandardizedTestshavespread(如果考试已经定下来了，最好的准备方法就是安排一系列最接近考试本身的活动。因此，随着大型标准化考试的普及)”可知，出版商为了满足学生的考试需求，会推出各种各样的指导练习册，即学生有需求，书商就会大量出

版，因此crankedout与produced同义。故选D。8.(福建省政和县第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatientwho’dreceivedaheartfrom

anotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation(异种移植),couldhelprelievetheshortageofreplacem

entorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“run”inparagraph2referto?A．Donatinghishearttoapatie

nt.B．Performingtheheartoperation.C．Livingfor60daysaftertheoperation.D．Receivinganewheartfromapig.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Bennett,57,heldonthroug

h60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatientwho’dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopetha

tsuchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation,couldhelprelievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.(57岁的贝内特坚持了

60个明天，比以往任何接受过其他物种心脏移植的病人都要长得多。他的出色表现给人们带来了新的希望，即这种被称为异种移植的手术可以帮助缓解替代器官的短缺，每年挽救数千人的生命)”可知，Hisremarkablerun指的是上文提到的“57岁的贝

内特坚持了60个明天”，即手术后活了60天。故选C。9.（福建省厦门双十中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）Sincetherewasusuallynotenoughtimeforabystanderpigtobecomeinvolvedintheheat

ofaconflict,thoughthisdidoccur,DrNorscialookedatwhathappenedinthethreeminutesimmediatelyfollowingafight.Sometimes,he

found,thefightersreconciledwitheachotherontheirown.Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,themorefrequentlythishappened.Dr

Norsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweencloserelativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelation

srapidlyislessnecessaryforthem.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reconciled”probablymeaninparagraph4?A．Caughtup.B

．Keptintouch.C．Madeup.D．Changedintune.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,themorefrequentlythishappened.D

rNorsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweencloserelativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidly

islessnecessaryforthem.”（打架者的亲缘关系越远，这种情况发生的频率就越高。Norscia博士猜测，近亲之间的关系一开始就更安全，因此迅速重建友好关系对他们来说就不那么必要了。）可推知，此处为Norscia博士发现，打架者会自行和解。故可猜测划

线单词reconciled为“和解”的意思，结合选项C项Madeup“和解，和好”意思一致。故选C项。10.（福建省龙岩第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemot

ionaltohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself—eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingtodo.Butafterhavingsuchastrongbondwitha

nanimal,itwasreallydifficulttoseehergo.Theyhadputsomuchtime,effortandenergyintoraisingherbuttoseeherwa

lkinginaherdofblesboksmadeitallworthwhile.......Whichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“fend”inthelastparagraph?A．Look.B．

Care.C．Search.D．Hunt.【答案】B【解析】词句推测题。根据划线词所在句“Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotionalt

ohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself—eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingtodo.(在拯救了这只孤独的动物之后，山姆和维拉发现，不得不把

她放回野外让她自己fend，这让他们非常激动——尽管他们知道这是一件正确的事情。)”，及上下文可知，夫妇俩把一个两周龄的南非白面大羚羊救回并抚养长大，最终要放归大自然，目的是让它能自己照顾自己，此处fend意

为“照看，照料”，与Care意思相近，故选B项。11.（河北省衡水市第二中学2023-2024学年高三9月检测试题）Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstand

howthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsi

nwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimar

yfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsaft

erthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfo

lds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.......Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal”inth

elastparagraphreferto?A．Thepreviousspeechsound.B．Thesimilarlysoundingword.C．Theunclearlysoundingword.

D．Thefollowingspeechsound.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)issensitivetoho

wambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundsw

hileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.”可知，他们的研究结果产生了三个主要发现：大脑的初级听觉皮层在声音出现5

0毫秒后就对语音的模糊程度很敏感。大脑在解释接下来的声音时“重播”之前的声音，暗示随着单词的展开重新评估。大脑会在半秒后做出“最佳猜测”来解释发音不清楚的单词。故划线词意思“发音不清楚的单词”。故选C。12.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年

高三试题）Ifyouareofthe“noregrets”schooloflife,youmaythinkthatallthisregretisarecipeforunhappiness.Butthatisn’tthecase.Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmedby

regretisindeedbadforyou.Butgoingtotheotherextrememaybeevenworse.Toextinguishyourregretsdoesn’tfreeyo

ufromshameorsorrowbutcausesyoutomakethesamemistakesagainandagain.Totrulygetoverourguiltrequiresthatweputregretinitsp

roperplace.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extinguish”inparagraph2mean?A．Admit.B．Destroy.C．Treasure.D．Encounter

.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmedbyregretisindeedbadforyou.Butgoingtotheotherextrememaybeevenworse

.(让自己被遗憾淹没确实对你不好。但走向另一个极端可能更糟。)”可知，另一个极端就是消除遗憾，由此可推知，划线词所在的句子意思为：消除你的遗憾并不能让你从羞耻和悲伤中解脱出来，只会让你一次又一次地犯同样的错误。ex

tinguish意为“消除，消灭”。故选B。13.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测英语试题）NickVerel,a53-year-oldkidneytransplant(肾脏移植)recipientinOhio,shouldhavebeennearthe

topofthelisttoreceiveaCOVID-19vaccine(疫苗).Yetlikemillionsofothers,hewasn’thavinganyluckschedulinganappointment.Nickwouldsitwithcomputersonhislaptryi

ngforhourstobookanappointmentondifferentsites,whichendedupinvainnomatterhowconcentratedhewas.“Ifelthope

less,”Nicksays.ThenheheardaboutZwinggi,a40-year-oldmotherofthreewhowashelpingtosecureappointmentsforvulnerableindividualslikeNick.SohemessagedZwingg

ionFacebook:Canyouhelp?Thirty-fiveminuteslater,Zwinggireportedback—Nicksuccessfullyhadanappointmenttogetthevaccine.4．The

underlinedwords“vulnerableindividuals”inparagraph2refertothose______.A．whoaretoooldtobookanappointment.B．whoneedvaccin

ebadlywithseriousdisease.C．whohavelittleexperiencewithcomputers.D．whohavelittlesparetimewithmanykids.C．AGreatWayto

GettheVaccineD．TheVaccineChaos【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“NickVerel,a53-year-oldkidneytransplant(肾脏移植)recipientinOhio,shouldhavebeennea

rthetopofthelisttoreceiveaCOVID-19vaccine(疫苗).Yetlikemillionsofothers,hewasn’thavinganyluckschedulinganappointment.(俄亥俄州53岁的肾移

植受者NickVerel本应排在接种COVID-19疫苗的前列。然而，和其他数百万人一样，他也没能安排好预约)”以及划线词后文“likeNick”可知，Nick需要肾移植但是预约不上疫苗，故划线词意思是“患有严重疾病急需疫苗的人”。故选B。14.（2

023年高三全国专练）Toreducecoffeecupwaste,CupClubisalreadyreplacingmillionsoftakeawaycupsintheUK,whileRecupinGermany,hasperformedadepositsystemthatsimplyad

dsasmallextrafeetoanycoffeecupwhichisreturnedtothebuyerafterthecupisdepositedinanyregisteredcollectionpoint.......Whatdoestheword“which”inthelas

tparagraphreferto?A．Acollectionpoint.B．Adepositsystem.C．Asmallextrafee.D．Anycoffeecup.【答案】C【解析】指代猜测题。由最后一段中的“Toreducecoffeecupwaste,CupClubisalready

replacingmillionsoftakeawaycupsintheUK,whileRecupinGermany,hasperformedadepositsystemthatsimplyaddsasma

llextrafeetoanycoffeecupwhichisreturnedtothebuyerafterthecupisdepositedinanyregisteredcollectionpoint.(为了减少咖啡杯的浪费，CupClub已经在英国更换了数百万个外卖杯，而德国的

Recup则执行了一种存款制度，只需在任何咖啡杯存放在任何注册的收款点后，向买家退还一小部分额外费用。)”可知，which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词asmallextrafee，所以which指

asmallextrafee。故选C项。15.（2023年上海高三测试）Londonresolvedtoliveafull,excitinglife.Heoncesaid,“Iwouldratherbeasupe

rbmeteor(流星),everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow,thanasleepyandpermanentplanet.”Eachday,hepushedhimself.OnceLondondeterm

inedthathewasgoingtobeawriter,nothingcouldstophim.Hisgoalwastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday.Herefusedtostopevenwhenhew

assick.Ineighteenyears，thewriterpublishedfifty﹣onebooksandhundredsofarticles.Hewasthebest-sellingandhighest-paidauthorofhisday.Manypeoplealsoconside

redhimtobethebestwriter.WhiteFangandTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingintheAlaskanwilderness.Readersca

nenjoyJackLondon’senergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtimetheyopenoneofhisnovels.......Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagra

phindicatesthatJackLondon________.A．isexpertatuniverse.B．aimshighandstrivetosucceed.C．isexcitedaboutlifeinthewildness.D．faceachoicebetweenlifea

nddeath.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线句子后文“Eachday,hepushedhimself.OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter,nothingcouldstophim.(每一天，

他都逼迫自己前进。一旦London决定要成为一名作家，什么也阻止不了他。)”可知，划线词句“Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor(流星),everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow,thanasleepyandpermane

ntplanet.(我宁愿做一颗卓越的流星，让我的每一个原子都散发着壮丽的光芒，也不愿做一颗沉睡而永恒的行星。)”表明JackLondon要制定高远目标并奋斗直到成功。故选B项。