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SectionⅣGrammar&Writing非谓语动词(一)非谓语动词主要包括不定式、v．-ing和过去分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等
角度来区分其用法和细微含义。一、不定式和动名词作主语1．不定式作主语Tobeadoctorishard.做医生很难。TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.学好英语不容易。(1)动词不定式(短语)作主
语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为：Itishardtobeadoctor.和ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.(2)表示动词不定式的动作是谁做的
，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。It’sgoodforustoreadEnglishaloudinthemorning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。2．动名词作主语Hisbeingelectedourchairmanmadeusthink
ofalot.他当选为我们的主席使我们思绪万千。动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用“Itis...”和“Thereis...”两种句式来表示。例如：Itisnousewaitingf
orhimanylonger.等他是没有用的。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。对接高考①____________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetw
oresearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.无视两个研究结果的区别将会成为你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。Ignoring解析：根据句子结构可知，这里需要一个动名词作主语。二、非谓语动词作定语1．不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或
代词后面，相当于一个定语从句。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(＝IhavesomethingimportantthatIwanttotellyou.)我有重要的事情要告诉你。He
istherightpersontodothatjob.(＝Heistherightpersonwhocandothatjob.)他是做那份工作的合适人选。(2)在处于动宾关系的情况下，若不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上结构和意义上所需的介词。Henryisapleasantmantot
alkto.与亨利说话很令人高兴。Hehasnopenciltowritewith.他没有写字用的铅笔了。(3)不定式作定语表将来。Whatisthenextthingtobedone?其次要做的事是什么？(4)不定式常跟最
高级、序数词和不定代词连用。What’sthebestwaytogettothestation?到车站怎么走最好？Hewastheverylasttoleavetheoffice.他是最后一个离开办公室的。(5)常与抽象名词连用。Thechi
ldrenallhavechancetogotoschool.孩子们都有机会上学。Askifhehastheabilitytodoit.询问他能否做此事。对接高考②Volunteeringgivesyouachance______
______(change)lives,includingyourown.志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。tochange解析：achancetodosth.“做某事的机会”。所以应填tochange。2．动名
词作定语动名词作定语常常置于被修饰词之前，表示被修饰的名词的用途或者性能，可以形成that/whichcanbeusedfordoing结构。Doyouknowifthesleepingpillhasitssideeffect?(
＝Doyouknowifthepillthat/whichcanbeusedforsleepinghasitssideeffect?)你知道安眠药有副作用吗？Weusedabranchasafishingpole.(＝Weusedabranchasapol
ethat/whichcanbeusedforfishing.)我们用树枝做钓竿。3．分词作定语(1)作定语用的分词如果是一个单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在被修饰词的后面；分词作
定语相当于定语从句；过去分词作定语，它和被修饰词之间往往是被动关系(及物动词),或已经完成(不及物动词);现在分词作定语，它和被修饰词之间往往是主动关系。Hewashitbyafallingtree(atreethat/whichwasfalling)andkilledonthespot.
他被倒下来的树击中，当场死亡。Wehaveboiledeggs(eggsthat/whichareboiled)forbreakfasteveryday.我们每天早餐都吃煮鸡蛋。Boilingpointofwater(thepoin
tatwhichwaterisboiling)is100Celsius.水的沸点是100摄氏度。(2)being＋过去分词作定语表示被动和正在进行；tobe＋过去分词表被动和将来。Thehousebeingbuil
t(Thehousethat/whichisbeingbuilt)willbeournewlibrary.正在建造中的这所房子将是我们的新图书馆。Thequestiontobediscussed(Thequestionthat/whichwillbediscussed)tomorrowisve
ryimportant.明天将要讨论的问题很重要。对接高考③Therearestillmanyproblems____________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.在我们准备在月球上长期
生活之前，还有很多问题有待于解决。tobesolved解析：根据句意可知很多问题还没有被解决，都是未来将要发生的事情，所以使用不定式。而这些问题又是要被解决的，所以使用不定式的被动语态。三、不定式和分词作
宾语补足语1．不定式作宾补(1)动词不定式作宾补省略to的情况：see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel等感官动词，以及have,let,make
等使役动词后面加宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略，但如果句子变成被动结构，就必须带to。help的宾补可以加to也可以不加to(五看、三让、两听、一感觉、半帮助)。Didyounoticeanyoneleavethehouse?你注意到有人离开这座房子了吗？Was
anyonenoticedtotakethekidaway?可注意到有人带走孩子了吗？(2)后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词和动词短语有：wish,cause,ask,beg,expect,forc
e,invite,permit,persuade,want,warn,like,order,allow,advise,request,require,get,remind,teach,send,callon,waitfor,wouldlike/lov
e,prefer,arrangefor,dependon等。Theycalledonthewritertomakeaspeech.他们要求那位作家做一次演讲。(3)think,consider,find等动词后作宾语补足语通
常是“tobe＋形容词或名词”结构，tobe常可省略。Thisawardisconsidered(tobe)agreathonor.这个奖项被认为是极大的荣誉。Shethoughthim(tobe)kindandgenerous.她认为他宽厚仁慈。2．分词作宾补分词可以跟名
词或代词构成复合宾语，并且名词或代词与分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着。Theteacherspok
eloudlyinordertomakehimselfheardbythestudentsattheback.老师提高声音让后边的学生也能听到。以see/leave/have为例来理解宾语补足语：(1)see,observe,watch,hear,find,feel等后接宾补①see
sb.dosth.看见某人做了某事(动作的过程)Isawhimcomein.我看见他走了进来。②seesth.done看见某事被做(表被动)Thenextdaywesawthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow
.第二天我们看到地面被厚厚的积雪所覆盖。③seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事(表主动、进行)Isawhimcomingintotheroom.我看见他正走进房间。④seesth.doing看见某事处于某种状态Isawthefireb
urningallnightlong.我看到火着了一晚上。(2)leave后接宾补①leavesb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事It’swrongofyoutoleavehimwaitingfo
ralongtime.让他等这么久是你的不对。②leavesth.undone留下某事未做Helefthismealuntouched.他搁下饭菜没去碰它。③leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事Heleft,le
avingmetodoalltherestwork.他走了，让我做剩余的所有工作。④leavesth.tobedone留下某事要做Hediedandleftmanyproblemstobesettled.他死了，留下很多问题有待解决。(3)have,g
et,make等后接宾补①havesb.dosth.(＝getsb.todosth.)让某人做某事Hehadmeposttheletterforhim.他让我把信给他寄出去。②havesth.done(＝ge
tsth.done)某事让别人去做Youmusthaveyourclotheswashedtomorrow.明天你必须把衣服洗了。③havesb./sth.doing(＝getsb./sth.done)让某人或某物处于某种状态Iwon’thaveyouspe
akingtoyourmotherlikethat.我不允许你和你的母亲那样谈话。Hehashisvisitorscoming.他来了访问者。Ⅰ用所给动词的适当形式填空1．Itissillyofme____________(annoy)withJimbecauseheisonlyafi
ve-year-oldchild.答案：tobeannoyed2．Hewasoftenseen____________(play)basketballontheplaygroundwhileatcollege.答案：toplay3．Ihaveneve
rheardthesong____________(sing)inmyschool.答案：sung4．Womenandchildrenwerethefirst____________(get)intothelifeboat
s.答案：toget5．Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother____________(call)him.答案：calling6．Theroadwasblockedbya____________(fall)tr
ee.答案：fallen7．You’dbetterhaveyourhair____________(cut)today.答案：cut8．Thekingobservedthisfoolishmonkeyandwasg
reatly____________(amuse)．答案：amusedⅡ语法与写作1.________________________________(腿部受伤)madeitimpossibleforhimtowalkhiswayhome.答
案：Beinginjuredintheleg2．Thereisagrowingtendencyforpeople____________________________(在家工作)insteadofinoffices.答案：toworkathome
3．Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredto________________________________(洗干净你的车子)．答案：getyourcarwashed4．Hehasarrangedforacar____________________
____________(去车站接他们)．答案：topickthemupatthestation5．—Doyouthinkyoucouldgetthisparcel____________________(为我邮寄),please?—Consideritdone!答案：mailedforme如
何写电子邮件文体感知本单元的写作任务是写一封电子邮件。电子邮件是书信的一种格式，主要由称呼、正文和落款三部分构成。在正文中有以下几点需要注意：1．邮件内容从问候语开始。要根据与收件人的关系密切程度来选择适当的称呼语。2．表明写作意图。在邮件开头就要
表明写作意图，这样才能更好地引出邮件的主要内容。3．语言应简洁明了。电子邮件篇幅一般不太长，因此简洁明了的语言在表情达意中非常重要。增分佳句1．回复邮件开头常用句式：(1)Iamverygladtorec
eiveyourletter.(2)HowhappyIamwhenIknow...(3)Thanksforyourletter，it’smypleasuretodo...2．表达看法常用句式：(1)AsfarasIamconcerned...(2)Inmyopin
ion，...(3)Asforme，...(4)Personally，Iprefer...(5)Myownpointofviewisthat...3．结尾常用句式：(1)Ilookforwardtoh
earingfromyou.(2)Iwouldalsoliketoknowifyoucan/could...(3)Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould/would...(4)Iwillappreciateitifyoucan...写作模板Dear________，Ia
mverygladtotellyouthegoodnews.Therewillbea________(内容)at/in________(地点)on________(时间)．Wewouldbehonouredtohaveyoutherewithus.
Theoccasionwillstartat________(具体时间).Thiswillbefollowedbya________(进一步安排)．Ataround________(时间),________(另一个安排)．I’mlookingforwa
rdtohearingfromyou.Yourssincerely，×××写作要求假设你是晨光中学高二(1)班的班长李津，得知美国学生Chris作为交换生，下学期将到你班学习。请你根据以下提示，给他写封邮件：1．表示欢迎；2．介绍
与本地生活相关的信息(如气候、饮食等)；3．介绍本班情况；4．希望Chris做哪些事情，以增进中美学生间的了解和友谊。参考词汇：交换生exchangestudent审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题提出邀请、提出建议时态一般现在时人称第一、二人称词汇推敲1．环境______
__________答案：surroundings2．与……分享……________________答案：share...with...3．此外；并且________________答案：inaddition4．对某人有吸引力
________________答案：appealtosb.5．与……相处________________答案：getalongwith6．适应________________答案：adaptto遣词造句1．完成句子①有各式各样的
特殊的点心。Thereare____________specialsnacks.②我认为这些点心会给你留下深刻的印象。Ithinkthesesnackswill__________________________
______________________．③同学们都非常友好、善良。Theclassmates_____________________________________________.④你没有必要担心这些困难。Youdon’t____________
____________thedifficulty.⑤你和他们相处会有一些困难。Youwill____________________________________them.答案：①avarietyof②impressyoudeeply/leaveadeepimpre
ssiononyou③areveryfriendlyandkind④needtoworryabout⑤havedifficultyingettingalongwith2．句式升级⑥用定语从句连接①②句______________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________⑦用并列连词连接③④句，并用定语从句连接④⑤句_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________答案：⑥Thereareavarietyofspecialsnacks,whichIthinkwillimpressyoudeep
ly/leaveadeepimpressiononyou.⑦Theclassmatesareveryfriendlyandkind,soyoudon’tneedtoworryaboutthedifficultyyouwillhavegettingalongwithth
em.妙笔成篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________Onepossibleversion：DearChris，I’mLiJin,monitorofClassOne,GradeEleven.Iamgladtohearthatyou,asanex
changestudent,willcometoourclasstostudynextterm.Iwouldliketosharesomeinformationwithyou.WhatIwanttotellyoufirstistheclimatehere.Itisp
leasant,coolinsummerandwarminwinter.What’smore,thereareavarietyofspecialsnacks,whichIthinkwillimpressyoudeeply.Inaddition,thesceneryherewi
llalsoappealtoyou.Ourclassislikeabigfamily.Alltheclassmatesareveryfriendlyandkind,soyoudon’tneedtoworryaboutthedifficulty
youwillhavegettingalongwiththem.Inaword,youarewelcometoourschool.AndIhopeyoucanadapttothenewsurround
ingssoon.YouarealsoexpectedtotellusthecultureaboutyourcountryandhelpusimproveourEnglish.Lookingforwardt
oyourcoming.Yours，LiJinA卷Ⅰ单句语法填空1.(surround)bybeautifulgreenmountainsandsituatedatthefootofHuangshanMountainmakesTaiPingLakeafamoustourista
ttraction.答案：Beingsurrounded2．It’snouse(complain)withouttakingaction.答案：complaining3．—Youlookupset.What’sthematter？—Ihadmy
proposal(turn)downagain.答案：turned4．Mr.Linaskedhisstudents(make)upastoryabouttheirjourneytotheHappyCelestialBody.答案：tomake5．Allthings(con
sider)，theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.答案：considered6．Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor(say)whentheshopwillopenagai
n.答案：saying7．Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself(hear).答案：heard8．Thechairmanthoughtitnecessary(invite)Pr
ofessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.答案：toinvite9．Themotherdied，(leave)alotofmoneyforherchildren.答案：leaving10．Manybuildingsinthe
cityneedrepairing，buttheone(repair)firstisthelibrary.答案：toberepairedⅡ阅读理解Somepeoplethinkaskingforhelpisas
ignofweakness，butthecompleteoppositeistrueＷ.Ittakesstrengthtoaskforhelp.It’sahardthingtodo.Thetruthis，therearemoregoodpeoplethanbad.Peopletrulywantto
helpothers.Nooneshouldeverhavetobeinthatdarkplace.IhaveafriendcalledDiane.DianeisoneofthemostpositivepeopleIhaveeverk
nown.Sheissmartandfunny，andbylookingatheryouwouldcertainlythinkshehadaperfectlife.Nooneknewtheterribleth
ingsshewasdealingwith.Sheneveraskedanyoneforhelpwhenshewasingreattrouble.Shethoughtthatshewouldjustbebothering(打搅)peoplei
fshetoldthemthetruth.Shethoughtlonelinesswasheranswer.Shemaskedherloneliness，butonedayshehitherbreakingpoint.Dianetriedtotakeherlifeonemorn
ing.Shewaslucky，though.Someonefoundherbeforeitwastoolate.Peoplefinallyknewherproblemsandwiththeirhelpshegotridoft
hem.Sheoncetoldmethatherbiggestregretwasnotreachingouttosomeonesooner.Dianehasgreatlychanged.She’sbecomepositiveandisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Dianean
dIhavegrownquiteclose.Shehashelpedmebattlemyownproblems.Sheisanexampleofwhathelplookslike.Toanyoneouttherew
hofeelstheyarealone，Ihopeyouknowyouarenot.Evenifyoufeeltheworldisclosinginonyou，therearepeoplewhocare—peoplewhowillsurpriseyouinthebestways.Th
ebestthingaboutourtechnologicalworldishoweasilyyoucanreachpeople.Don’tbeafraidtoaskforhelp.Youarenotalone.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者
通过朋友的故事告诉我们：当我们需要帮助时，应该敢于向他人求助。1．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“thecompleteoppositeistrue”inParagraph1？
A.Gettinghelpfromothersisagreatshame.B.Askingforhelpshowsgreatcourage.C.Ittakesbraverytoofferhelp.D.Itisdiffic
ulttogethelp.B解析：句意理解题。根据第一段中的Somepeoplethinkaskingforhelpisasignofweakness及Ittakesstrengthtoaskforhelp.It’sahardthingtod
o.可知，作者是想表明：寻求帮助不是软弱的表现，相反，寻求帮助其实非常需要勇气。2．WhydidDianerefusetoaskforhelpatfirst？A.Shewasverypositive.B.Sheha
dnoonetoturnto.C.Sheconsideredhelpuseless.D.Shefearedtomaketroubleforothers.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Shethoughtthatshewouldjustbebothering(打搅)people
ifshetoldthemthetruth.可知，Diane不向他人寻求帮助是因为她怕打扰别人。3．WhatchangedidDianeshowafterbeingsavedbypeople？A.Sheturnedherbacko
ntheauthor.B.Shemaskedherangerwithasmile.C.Shethoughthighlyofreachingouttoothers.D.Shehasremovedallherdou
btsaboutothers.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Sheoncetoldmethatherbiggestregretwasnotreachingouttosomeonesooner...
isalwaysreadytohelpothers.可推断，Diane现在认为向别人寻求帮助很重要。4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofourtechnologicalworldtoday？A.Itmake
speopleafraidoffacetofaceconversation.B.Itmakescommunicationbetweenpeopleeasier.C.Itoffersavarietyofwaystocareforothers.D.
Itislikelytomakepeoplefeellonely.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Thebestthingaboutourtechnologicalworldishoweasilyyoucanreachpeo
ple.可知，科技时代让人们更易接近彼此，促进了人们之间的交流。Ⅲ完形填空“I’dlikeyoutobemybestman(伴郎)，”saidmybrother.EventhoughmybrotherandIhadalwaysgotonwellan
drarelyargued.Iwasstill1Ｗ.Iwasonlyjust18.IhadonlybeentoafewweddingsinmylifeandIwasalreadygoingtobeabestman.I2immediately—itwasmoreevid
encethatIwasbecominganadult.Duringdinnerthateveningmymother3methatbestmenwere，ofcourse，supposedtomake4Ｗ.
“Supposedtoorhaveto？”Iasked，feelingmyheartrateincreasingalittle.“Well，haveto，”shesaid.5Ididn’tfeelhungryanymore.Therewasn’tanypointintryingt
o6doingit.Andofcoursewhenyou’reyoung，youdon’ttendto(倾向于)worryaboutthingsforlong.Istartedmaking7tomyselfsoIcoulddoitlater：aft
erall，mybrotherandhisfiancée(未婚妻)mightendtheirrelationshipandtheweddingwouldbe8Ｗ.Aweekbeforetheweddingitwasclearthatmybrotherwas9goingtogetmarried.I
10aspeech.Quickly.I11weddingspeechesintheplacewhichseemstohavethe12toeverything：theInternet.AfterafewminutesIfoundawebs
itewith13onmakingspeeches.Itsuggestedfindingphotosofthegroom(新郎)whenhewas14andmakinguseoftheminthespeech.Perf
ect！Therewerehundredsof15ofmybrotherwhenhewasyoung：mybrotherasababy，mybrotherwithhisfirst“girlfriend”，etc.Whenthemoment16arrived，Ican’tsayIwasn’tner
vous.WeddingspeechesweremadeafteramealandIhadhardlyeatenanything.17，withinafewminutesofstandinguptomakemyspeech，I18tofeelbe
tteraboutit.Thephotoswereahuge19andeveryonewaspraisingmeforsuchafantastic20Ｗ.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中讲述了自己第一次当伴郎的经历，并感受到自己已经长
大成人。1．A.proudB.surprisedC.excitedD.movedB解析：根据上文中的Eventhough和下一句Iwasonlyjust18可知，尽管作者和哥哥一直相处融洽并很少吵架，但当哥哥邀请他当伴郎时，作者还是很“吃惊的(surp
rised)”，毕竟他年仅18岁。2．A.agreedB.refusedC.rememberedD.acceptedD解析：根据破折号后的itwasmoreevidencethatIwasbecominganadult以及下文的故事内容
可知，作者立刻“接受了(accepted)”哥哥的提议。3．A.toldB.supportedC.taughtD.persuadedA4．A.wishesB.promisesC.speechesD.preparationsC解析：根据下文中的“Supposedtoorhaveto？”Iaske
d和weddingspeeches可知，晚饭时，妈妈“告诉(told)”作者伴郎需要“发言(makespeeches)”。5．A.SuddenlyB.FrequentlyC.ShortlyD.NaturallyA解析：根据上文中的feelingmyhear
trateincreasingalittle可知，当作者得知伴郎必须得发言时，“突然(Suddenly)”觉得不饿，吃不下饭。6．A.imagineB.riskC.practiceD.avoidD解析：根据该空前的Therewasn’tanypoint可知，婚礼上发言是不可“避免(avoid
)”的。7．A.mistakesB.excusesC.explanationsD.appointmentsB解析：下文中的mybrotherandhisfiancée(未婚妻)mightendtheirrelationship是作者想推后发言的“借口(excuse
s)”。8．A.discussedB.cancelledC.preventedD.advancedB解析：根据该句中的mybrotherandhisfiancée(未婚妻)mightendtheirrelationship可知，如果哥哥和他的未婚妻
关系破裂，那么婚礼就会被“取消(cancelled)”。9．A.graduallyB.immediatelyC.actuallyD.generallyC解析：根据下文中的Quickly和作者开始准备发言
内容可知，哥哥“真的(actually)”要结婚了。10．A.neededB.wroteC.madeD.foundA解析：根据整个故事的语境可知，作者此时急“需(needed)”一篇婚礼发言稿。11．A.pickedoutB.p
aidforC.laughedatD.searchedforD解析：根据下文中的AfterafewminutesIfoundawebsite可知，作者在网上“搜索(searchedfor)”发言稿。12．A.warningsB.answersC.invit
ationsD.secretsB解析：根据下文中的theInternet和常识可知，网络无所不能，有一切问题的“答案(answers)”。13．A.reportsB.lessonsC.tipsD.congratulationsC解析：根据下一句中的Itsuggested
可知，作者找到一个提供演讲相关“建议(tips)”的网站。14．A.happierB.strongerC.coolerD.youngerD解析：根据下文中的whenhewasyoung：mybrotherasababy，mybrotherwithhisfirst“
girlfriend”可知，该网站建议作者找一些新郎“较年轻时(younger)”的照片。15．A.photosB.tricksC.booksD.giftsA解析：根据上文中的photosofthegroom(新郎)可知，此处选photos。16．A.normallyB.
finallyC.quicklyD.probablyB解析：根据下一句中的Weddingspeechesweremadeafterameal可知，婚礼“最终(finally)”还是如约而至。17．A.I
nsteadB.BesidesC.HoweverD.AnywayC解析：上文中的Ican’tsayIwasn’tnervous和Ihadhardlyeatenanything与下文中的feelbetteraboutit之间为对比关系，故填However。18．A.startedB
.hopedC.continuedD.choseA解析：根据上文中的withinafewminutes可知，作者“开始(started)”渐入佳境。19．A.challengeB.responsibilityC.differenceD.succ
essD解析：根据该空后的everyonewaspraisingme可知，婚礼上的照片展示取得了巨大“成功(success)”。20．A.memoryB.ideaC.storyD.suggestionB解析：此处指大家都称赞作者在婚
礼上展示新郎照片的绝佳“主意(idea)”。B卷Ⅰ阅读理解APeopletendtotreatangerassomethingterribleandunacceptable.Manyparentsaroundtheworldteachtheirchildrentosup
press(抑制)orignoretheiranger.Intentionallyornot，theyshowtheirchildrenthatfeelingangryiswrong，anditisbetterto
alwayslookcalmandbalanced.However，thatisnotright.Angerplaysanextremelyimportantroleinaperson’semotionalhealth.Angercanbeeff
ectivelyusedtoestablishanddefendyourindividualprinciple，personalspace，senseofjustice，beliefs，andsoon.Whenan
otherpersonsomehowannoysyou，oneofthefirstemotionsyounormallyexperienceisanger，alongwiththeurgetofixanunpleasantsituationordosomethingelsetode
fendyourself.Generally，angerexplainsyourreadinesstofacethreatandgivesyoustrengthtodoso.Therefore，whenusedwithcare，itisyourbestweapon(武
器)foremergencies.Angercanservetocoversomeotheremotionsofyoursiftheyarelessappropriate.Sometimes，expressingfearisunacceptable，especiallyformen.Forinst
ance，masculinityandbraveryarehighlyvaluedamongmeninsometraditionalcultures.So，coveringfearwithanger，actingagg
ressivelyremainsamoreappropriatechoiceformen.Andthisisaneffectivestrategy，notjustintermsofsavingone’sreputatio
nwithinacertainsocialgroup，butdealingwithdifficultiesandovercomingbarriers.Angerisanextremelypowerfulemotionanditisnotrecommended
tosuppressorignoreitifitisnotdangerous.Apersonwhohasbeencoveringandhidinghisorherangercannotgetridofit，andtheangerwillstillbuildupinside，finally
resultinginviolenceasaresponsetoasituationthatdoesnotrequireit.Whatyoucandoisexpressitinsociallyacceptablewaysinmostcircumstances
.Therefore，angeritselfisnotabadthing.Anditisimportanttolearnhowtomanageanger，expressitinanonviolentway，andredirectitinconstructivedirections.So，do
notignoreyouranger.Youshouldfaceit，acceptit，andlearnhowtodealwithit.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为愤怒不是一件坏事，人们应该学会如何管理我们愤怒的情绪及如何温和地表达愤怒。1．Accordi
ngtoParagraph1，weknowthatＷ.A.childrenoftenignoretheirangerB.peopleusuallymisunderstandangerC.angerindicatesape
rson’sbadtemperD.parentsalwaystreattheirchildrenseriouslyB解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，人们经常认为愤怒是不好的情绪，许多父母还教孩子要抑制愤怒的情绪，这其实是一种误解，愤怒对一个人的情
绪健康是非常重要的。2．Whycanangerbeyourbestweaponforemergencies？A.Itmakesyoulooklikeastrongperson.B.Itgivesyoustrengthtofacedifficulties.C.Ithelpsyougetri
dofoutsideinterruption.D.Itisusefulforfixinganunpleasantsituation.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Generally，angerexplainsyour
readinesstofacethreatandgivesyoustrengthtodoso.可知，愤怒有时会给予你力量去面对困难。3．Whatistheauthor’sadviceaboutdealingwithanger？A.Prese
ntangerinapeacefulmanner.B.Coverangerifitisnotappropriate.C.Faceandaccepttheangerofothersbravely.D.Donotfightagainstangerund
eranysituation.A解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的expressitinsocially-acceptablewaysinmostcircumstances以及最后一段的expressitinan
on-violentway可知，作者认为，我们应该以一种能接受的、非暴力的方式去表达愤怒。4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsanger？A.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Su
pportive.D.Objective.D解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容尤其是whenusedwithcare及angeritselfisnotabadthing等句子可知，作者对愤怒的情绪是持客观态度的。BCar
menHerrera：“Everypaintinghasbeenafightbetweenthepaintingandme.Itendtowin.ButyouknowhowmanypaintingsIthrewinthegarbage？Iw
ouldn’thaveanythingwereitnotformyhusband.Hedidn’thaveahandinanything？Butno，theysaythatbehindeverygreatmanthereisalwaysawom
an.Well，behindagreatwomanthereisalwaysaman.Youneedit，IwasveryluckyＷ.Youdon’tdecidetobeanartist；artgetsinsideofyou
.Beforeyouknowyouarepainting，youaresosurprised.It’slikefallinginlove.”BorninCubain1915，CarmenHerreralivedinNewYorkandParisandeventuallysettledi
nNewYorkwhereshelivedtillnow.Throughtheyears，sheworkedquietlyandcreatedahugequantityofpaintings.WhilelivinginNewYorkinthe1950s，shemadereductive，ha
rdedgedabstractionsthatpredate(早于)theworksofartistssuchasLygiaClarkinBrazilandEllsworthKellyintheU.S.Herworksalsopr
ovedherforesightasMinimalismandOpArttookholdinthe1960s，andwithlaterdevelopmentsintheworksofAmericanpainterssuchasB
riceMardenAgnesMartin，bothofwhomarerepresentedinthecollection.Itwasn’tuntil2004，attheageof89，thatCarmenHerrerasoldherfirstpainti
ng；likemanywomenartistsofhergeneration，herworkswereoverlookeddespiteherfriendshipsandassociationswith
greatmaleartistslikeBarnettNewman.Now，however，theartistandherworksarereceivingmuch-deservedattentioninandbeyondtheU.S.Herrera’spaintingshaveentered
thecollectionsoftheMuseumofModernArt，theHirshhornMuseum，andtheTateModern；theWalker’sacquisitionisspecialinthat.【解题导语】本文主要阐述女艺术家Ca
rmen凭借着对绘画的热情和执著，默默无闻地作画，最后成功的故事。5．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage？A.Carmenisaddictedtodrawing.B.Carmen
’shusbandobjectstoherdrawing.C.It’seasyforCarmentobefamous.D.Carmensoldherfirstpictureat$1，000.A解析：推理判断题。根据文中第一段最后两句“Befor
eyouknowyouarepainting，youaresosurprised.It’slikefallinginlove.”可知，Carmen非常喜欢绘画，其余三项均与原文无关。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedsente
ncemeaninparagraph1？A.Carmenissuccessfulfinally.B.Carmenhassoldherfirstpainting.C.Carmenhasagoodhusbandsupport
ingher.D.Carmenthinksshehasagiftfordrawing.C解析：句意理解题。根据第一段第四句“Iwouldn’thaveanythingwereitnotformyhusband.要不是我的丈夫
，我会一无所有”可知，她有一个支持她的丈夫。7．WhatisthekeytoCarmen’ssuccess？A.Kindness.B.Loveforfamily.C.Passion.D.Themuseum’shelp.C解析：推理判断题。从第一段最后两句“...youareso
surprised.It’slikefallinginlove.”可以看出她成功的关键因素是对绘画的热情，犹如坠入爱河。CFromtheminuteImethimIdidn’tlikeEdwardDahlberg，or，maybe，Iwasnervousaboutmee
tingamanofletters，myintroductiontothesocialworldofAmericanliterature.TheeveningAlbertaandIcameover，hesatinadeeparmchai
rfacingasemicircleofadmirers.Theyaskedhisopinionaboutvariouswriters.Hewavedhishandand，exceptforhimself，dismissedeveryoneinthetwentiethcentury：He
mingwaywrote“babytalk”，Faulkner“sludge”，Joyce’sUlysseswas“atiringwalkthroughthewasteofDublin”.R’leneintroduced
me.ThisisFrankMcCourtfromIreland.HeteacheshighschoolEnglish.Iputoutmyhandbutheletithang.“Oh，stillahighschoolboy，areyou？”Ididn’tknowwhattosay.Helaug
hedandsaidtoR’lene，“DoesourfriendteachEnglishtodeafmutes(聋哑人)？”IntheDahlbergworldteachingwasforwomenonly.Ibac
kedawaytomychair，confused.Hewasn’tfinished.Heturnedtome.“Doesourhighschoolboyread？Andwhatdoesheread？”IsearchedmyheadforsomethingI’dreadrecent
ly，somethingdistinguished(出众的)thatmightpleasehim.“I’mreadingtheautobiographyofSeanO’Casey.”“Quotemealine.”Myheartjumpedandpounded.Mymou
thwasdry.IcouldthinkofnothingfromO’CaseythatwouldmatchthegrandpassagesDahlbergquotedfromtheancientmasters.I
mumbled(含糊地说)，“Well，IadmireO’CaseyforthenaturalwayhewritesabouthislifegrowingupinDublin.”Henoddedtowardme.Ify
ouadmiresocallednaturalwritingyoucanalwayslookatthewallsofapublictoilet.Theadmirerslaughed.MyfacewashotandIsaidwithoutthinking
，“O’Caseyfoughthiswayoutoftheslums(贫民窟)ofDublin.Hewashalfblind.He’sa...a...championoftheworker...He’sasgoodasyouanytime.Thew
holeworldknowsSeanO’Casey.Whoeverheardofyou？”Heshookhisheadforthebenefitofhisadmirersandtheyshooktheirheadsinagreement.HecalledtoR’lene，“Tell
yourhighschoolboytoleavemypresence.He’snotwelcomeherethoughhischarmingwifeiswelcometostay.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和知名作家EdwardDahlberg之间
一次不愉快的见面。8．WhatwasEdward’sattitudetowardsthementionedwriters？A.Helookeddownonthem.B.Heconsideredthemoutofdate.C
.Heshoweddeepadmirationforthem.D.Heowedhisliteraryachievementtothem.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的He...dismissede
veryoneinthetwentiethcentury以及对海明威、福克纳和乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》的否定可知，他对这些作家的评价不高，有点看不起他们。9．WhatwasEdward’sreactiontobeingintroducedtotheauthor？A.Hesimplyign
oredtheauthor.B.Hegreetedtheauthorpolitely.C.Hegavetheauthoracoldwelcome.D.Hequestionedtheauthor’ssincerity.C解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Iputoutmyhandb
utheletithang.以及接下来Edward对作者的冷嘲热讽可知，他对作者的到来没有表示热烈欢迎，相反却很冷淡。10．Howdidtheauthorfeelatthesuggestionofquotingaline？A.Confused.B.Uneasy.C.Impatient.D.Diss
atisfied.B解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的Myheartjumpedandpounded.Mymouthwasdry.IcouldthinkofnothingfromO’Casey...以及Imumbled(含糊地说)可知，当Edward让作者引用一
句SeanO’Casey的名言时，他感到不安。11．Howdidtheauthorfaceothers’laughter？A.Hefellcompletelysilent.B.Helaughedbackatthem.C.Heescapedfromt
heroom.D.Hevoicedhisinneranger.D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的MyfacewashotandIsaidwithoutthinking，“O’Caseyfoughthisway..
.Whoeverheardofyou？”可知，面对大家的嘲笑，作者一吐为快，将自己心中的不满发泄了出来。Ⅱ语法填空Acouplehadbeenmarriedforover60years.Theysharedeverything，talkedaboutever
ythingandkeptnosecrets1.eachotherexceptthatthewomanhadaboxinadrawer2.shehadcautionedherhusbandnevertoopenoraskherab
out.He’dneverthoughtaboutiteversince.Onedaythewomangotverysickandthedoctor，saidshewouldn’trecover.Tosortouttheiraffai
rs，thehusband3.(take)downtheboxand4.(bring)ittohiswife’sbedside.Sheagreeditwastimethatheshouldknow5.wasinthebox
.6．(open)it，hefoundtwosmalltablematsandasumofmoneytotaling$25，000.Heaskedheraboutthecontents.“Whenweweretobemarried，”sh
esaid，“mygrandmatoldmethesecretofhappy7.(marry)wasnevertoargue，andIshouldjustkeepquietandmakeamat8.Igotangr
ywithyou.”Themanwasso9.(move)thathehadtofightbacktears.Shehadonlybeenangrywithhimtwiceinallthoseyearsoflivingandloving！“Honey，”hesaid
，“thatexplainsthemats，butwhataboutthemoney？Wherediditcomefrom？”“Oh，”shesaid，“that’sthemoneyImadefromselling10.(they).”1．from
解析：keep...from阻止；隐瞒。他们分享所有的事情，互相不隐瞒秘密。2．that/which解析：考查定语从句。先行词是box，在从句中作open和介词about的宾语，故关系词用that/which。3．took解析：考查take的过去式took。4．brought解析：and连
接并列谓语，时态保持一致，都用一般过去时。5．what解析：know是谓语，谓语后面缺少宾语，后面整个句子作know的宾语，且宾语从句缺少主语，用what。6．Opening解析：open和它的逻辑主语he是主谓关系，用动词的-ing形式。7．marria
ge解析：形容词happy修饰名词，marry的名词是marriage。8．if/when解析：根据上下文“当我和你吵架的时候，我应该保持冷静，做个垫子。”9．moved解析：so修饰形容词，moved感动的。10．them解析：根据上文可知，这里卖的东西是mats，作selling的宾语，
故用they的宾格them。Ⅲ书面表达音乐是我们生活中不可缺少的一部分，听音乐好处多多，可以使我们放松，愉悦心情。有些同学甚至喜欢一边听音乐一边做作业，这样好吗？假设你是李华，你们就此展开了一项调查，以下是调查结果，请根据此结果给你的笔友Tim写一封邮件。内容须包括：1．80%的同学认为
边听音乐边做作业会打扰我们完成作业，因为当我们做作业的时候，音乐会干扰我们的注意力；2．20%的同学认为边听音乐边做作业能够让我们放松，提高我们的效率；3．询问对方的意见。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
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ibleversion：DearTim，Asweallknow，musicbenefitsusalot.Andsomestudentsevenlikelisteningtomusicwhiledoinghomework.Isitreallygoodforus？Recently，
wehavedoneasurveyaboutit.About80%studentsthinklisteningtomusicwhiledoinghomeworkwilldisturbustofinishhomework，foritw
illdistractourattentions.However，therestholdthatmusiccanmakeusrelaxedwhiledoinghomework，sothatwecanimproveourefficiency.Asforme，
Iamagainstlisteningtomusicwhiledoinghomework.Whataboutyou？Pleasetellmeyouropinion.Yours，LiHua
