【文档说明】海南省海南中学2019-2020学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题 【精准解析】.doc,共(27)页,140.500 KB,由小赞的店铺上传
转载请保留链接:https://www.doc5u.com/view-ffed498fe50f44a511decec25ca282cd.html
以下为本文档部分文字说明:
海南中学2019-2020学年第二学期期中考试高二英语本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。第l卷第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwouldthe
boyliketodoafterlunch?A.Practicehighjump.B.PlayFindtheFlag.C.Skiprope.2.Wheredoesthewoman'ssisterreallywanttowork?A.InAtlanta.B.InChicago.C.InN
ewYork.3.Whatdoesthemanenjoydoing?A.Running.B.Walking.C.Hiking.4.Whydoesn'tLaurafinishherfood?A.Sheisfull.B.Shedoes
n'tlikeit.C.Shehasastomachache.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theeffectsofadisaster.B.Thecausesofthefl
ood.C.Somefruitsandvegetables.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各
小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话,回答第6、7题。6.WhatdidthewomandoforMr.Lee?A.Shecookeddinner.B.Shemadethebed.C.Sheputhisbooksaway.7.Wheredoesthe
conversationtakeplace?A.Ataretirementhome.B.Atahospital.C.Atahotel.听下面一段对话,回答第8至10题。8.What'sthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?
A.Managerandclerk.B.Workmates.C.Friends.9.WhatisimportantforMike?A.Havingapersonaloffice.B.Gettinginformationquickly.C.Controllinghisan
ger.10.WhatdoesMikethinkofthenewoffice?A.Terrible.B.Acceptable.C.Perfect.听下面一段对话,回答第11至13题。11.HowdidJeffinjureh
isfoot?A.Heplayedsoccer.B.Hefelldownthestairs.C.Hesteppedonasharprock.12.WhatdoesJeffaskthewomantodo?A.Putabandageonhisfoot.BGiveCoach
Tuttleacall.C.Helphimgetdownthestairs.13.WhowilltakeJefftothehospitalprobably?A.Mr.Tuttle.B.Mr.Stevenson.C.Mrs.King.听下面一段对话,回
答第14至17题。14.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthegamethisweekend?A.Excited.B.Confident.C.Bored.15.Whywon'tBobwatchthegame?A.Heisn
'tinterestedinit.B.Hehastogooutoftown.C.Hedoesn'thaveaticket.16.Howwillthespeakersgotothegame?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.
Onfoot.17.Whenwillthegamebegin?A.At1:00pm.B.At2:00pm.C.At3:00pm.听下面一段独白,回答第18至20题。18.Whatpercentageofthevotersgivenoanswers?A
.15%.B.40%.C.45%.19.WhatwillhappenonCharingCrossRoad?A.Astrikebydrivers.B.Thepolicetraining.C.Aweekendfair.20.Whathastheweatherbeenlikerecently?A.Ra
iny.B.SunnyC.Cloudy.第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节:(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给出的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AYOURADVENTURESSTARTH
ERE!DiscoverBangladeshWearespecialistsiftoursofBangladesh,abeautifulcountrystillrelativelyuntouchedbytourism.Ou
r27-daytourvisitsthebestattractionsinthecountryforjust€2,130perperson.Thereisamaximumofsixpeopleineachgroup.Readtravelers'recentco
mmentsonourwebsiteanddiscoverhowgoodweare!NijhoomTours(T:008801758897959)ExploreJapanExploreTokyowithitsenergeticcitylifeandrelaxinpeacefulKyo
tosurroundedbytemples.Inspring,gazeupongracefulMt.Fujiorfindyourselfheldbybreath-takinggoldlandscapeonanautumn
adventure.Notripiscompletewithouttastingsomeoftheworld'sbestcuisine,fromdeliciousfreshsushitocrispytempura.WendyWuTours(T:08082781657)ChallengeY
ourselfinEuropeFromreachingthehighestmountainsleepingspotsonahut-to-hutjourneyintheAlpstoenjoyingaweekdiscoveringtheItalianLakeswithaspect
acularAlpinerailjourneyincluded.Wehavebeencreatingsmall-groupwalking,hikingandcyclingholidaysthroughoutEuropeforover20years.
Bookyourexcitingtourrightnow!KEAdventureTravel(T:01768773966)YukonandAlaskaWalkCanada'snorthwesterncomerisavastt
erritorythatmeetstheArcticCircleandtheArcticOcean.HomelandofFistNationsandInuit,YukonisoneofNorthAmerica'slarge
stremainingwildlands,andaplacewheretheunexpectedoccurs.WespecializeinadventuretourstotheAmericaswithextraordinaryknowledgeandexperience.Re
serveyourplaceonanadventurenowfromjustE200.GrandAmericanAdventures(T:03330038232)1.WhatisspecialaboutDiscoverBangladesh?A.ItgivesadiscountB.Ioffe
rstheadventuretours.C.Itofferstraveler’scommentsD.Itcovershikingandcycling.2.Whichtourwillsatisfyyourloveforfood?A.Exp
loreJapan.B.DiscoverBangladesh.C.YukonandAlaskawalkD.ChallengeYourselfEurope3.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.AresearchpaperB.Atravelb
rochure.C.AnaturemagazineD.Ageographytextbook【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】本文是应用文,文章推介了世界各地的四个值得一去的旅行线路。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据DiscoverBang
ladesh部分的介绍中“Readtravelers'recentcommentsonourwebsiteanddiscoverhowgoodweare!”可知,DiscoverBanglades网站上提供了游客最近对他们的评论,以供读者了解更多
。其他的线路没有提到这一项内容。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ExploreJapan部分的介绍中“Notripiscompletewithouttastingsomeoftheworld'sbestcuisine,fr
omdeliciousfreshsushitocrispytempura.(没有品尝到世界上最好的美食,从新鲜美味的寿司到酥脆的天妇罗,旅行是不完整的。)”可知,日本之行可以满足你对美食的喜爱。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文,文章推介了世界各地的四个值得旅行的线路,因此判断出
短文应该是出自于一本旅行手册。故选B项。BItookamotorrickshawtothetrainstationinthecityofBelapur.Thedriverdidn'tspeakmuchEnglish,butunderstood"BelapurRailwayStation”.
Ihadmytabla,atraditionaldrumfromIndia,mysuitcasewithmyclothesandotheressentials.Thefeelingofflyingbycar
sinthislittlemachineis:asifyouareinsideaboxwithtinywheels,dashingthroughterribletraffic.Iarrivedatthestationsafely,andtookaheavybreathasI
unloadedmybaggagebeforetheticketoffice.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadtakenatraininIndia.IwantedtogotoTilakNagar,whereIw
asgoingtolearntraditionalvocalmusic.Standinginline,Icountedatleast20peoplestaringatme.Iboughtmyticket,w
hichwasonly55centsfora20-minutetrainride.Thepricesstillblowmeaway.Whenthetraincameafter15minutesorso,Igotonwithallspeed,ast
hetrainonlystopforafewseconds.Thelocalsagainstaredatme.ThiswasatrainespeciallyforlocaltransportAfterawhile,ayoungmanaskedmeifhecouldtalktome.Hewante
dtoknowifIwasinaband.Istatedno,butIlovetoplaythetabla.ThroughtheconversationIknewhewasastudentofengineeringwithhisexamsbeingtomorr
ow--Iwishedhimgoodluckfortheexamsincerely,asIknowwhatitmeanstoIndianstudentstogetgoodmarksontheirexams.Ifstudentsdonotgetgoodenoughscores,jobop
portunitieswillbefewinahighly-competitiveenvironment.ThestudentImethelpedmeunloadmyluggageasthetrainreachedTilakNagarStation.Heshookmyhandstrong
lyandlookedintomyeyeswithmarksofgenuinecareandfriendship,despiteusmeetingforonly20minutes.4.Whichwordcanbestdescribethemotorrickshaw?A.fastB.co
mfortableC.safeD.slow5.Whydidsomanypeoplestareattheauthoratthestation?A.Becausehewascarryingastrangeinstrument.B.Becaus
ehissuitcasewastoolargeforhim.C.Becausehewasaforeignertothelocalpeople.D.Becausehecouldn'tunderstandwhattheysaid.6.Whatdoweknowab
outtheyoungmanmentionedinthepassage?A.Hewantedtolearntoplaytablafromtheauthor.B.Hewasastudentonthewaytoauniversity.C.Hewasagenuinean
dhelpfuluniversitystudent.D.HewishedtofindajobinTilakNagar.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TravelingIstheMostMemorialTimeB.AWarm-he
artedIndianStudentIMetC.ILearntoPlaytheTablainIndiaD.MyFirstTrainTravelinIndia【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.D【解析】本文是记叙文
。文章讲述了作者第一次在印度乘坐火车的经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thefeelingofflyingbycarsinthislittlemachineis:asifyouareinsi
deaboxwithtinywheels,dashingthroughterribletraffic.(坐在这个小机器(即三轮车)里,从身边的车辆飞驰而过,感觉就像是你在一个有小轮子的盒子里,在可怕的交通中猛冲猛撞)”可知,作者乘坐的三轮车速度很快。故选A项。【5
题详解】推理判断题。文章第二段提到“ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadtakenatraininIndia.”,作者第一次在印度乘火车,应该不是当地人;根据第三段中“Thelocalsagains
taredatme.Thiswasatrainespeciallyforlocaltransport.”,在车站,当地人盯着作者是因为这是一列专门用于当地交通的火车。因此可以推迟,作者对于当地人来说是
外国人。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。文章第四段提到“hewasastudentofengineering”,那个年轻人是工程学专业的学生;根据文章最后一段“ThestudentImethelpedmeunloadmylugga
ge…Heshookmyhandstronglyandlookedintomyeyeswithmarksofgenuinecareandfriendship…”,那个年轻的学生帮作者卸下行李;和作者握手时,眼睛里流露出真诚的关
心和友谊。因此可以推断,那个年轻人是一个很真诚、乐于助人的大学学生。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文,文章第二段提到“ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadtakenatrainin
India.”;文章叙述作者第一次在印度乘坐火车的经历:开得飞快的三轮车、火车上当地人都盯着他看以及偶遇一个真诚、乐于助人的大学生。因此文章标题应该是“我在印度的第一次火车之旅”。故选D项。CTheU.S.isstilloutinfrontofglobalcompetitorswheni
tcomestoinnovation(革新),butAmericanuniversities-wherenewideasoftenspread-havereasontolookovertheirshoulder
s.That'sespeciallytruefortechnologieslike5Gphonenetworksandartificialintelligence.InPresidentDonaldTrump'sopinion,they
'reexactlythefieldswheretheU.S.hastolead-andalsotheoneswhereAsia,especiallyChina,iscatchingup.UniversitiesfromChin
agetmorepatentsthantheirU.S.peersinwirelesscommunications,accordingtoresearchfirmGreyBServices.InAI,17ofthetop20universitiesandpublicresearch
organizationsareinChina,withtheChineseAcademyofSciencestoppingthelist,saystheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrga
nizationinGeneva.There'saspecialplaceforuniversitiesinthedevelopmentofscience.Universitieseducatefuturescientistsand
canbeincubators(孵化器)forpie-in-the-skyideas-someofwhichturnouttobegame-changers.ThelistrangesfromGoogle'ssearchenginetoDNAtechnologythat'
sbehindawholeindustryofgene-manipulating(基因编辑)treatments.However,governmentaidstouniversitieshaven'tbeengrowingformorethanadecade
,meaningthey'vedeclinedinrealtermsandasashareoftheeconomy,leadingtothecostincreaseforuniversitiesandmeanwhilesomehowdiscouragingtheteachingstaff
fromputtingalltheirheartsintotheirscientificresearch.“Ifyoulookatthefederaldollars,they'venotreallychangedconsider
ably,”saysStephenSusalka,headofAUTM,atechnologytransferassociationwhosemembersinclude800universities.“Othercountrie
sarecatchingup.Wecan'tbesatisfiedwithwhatwehaveachieved.”8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“lookovertheirshoulders”inParagraph1mean?A.Watchout
B.TakeoffC.StandupD.Hideaway9.Theauthormentions5GphonenetworksinParagraph2toshow.A.Chineseuniversitieshaveobta
inedmorepatentsthanothercountriesB.theChinesegovernmentprovidesaidstoChineseuniversitiesC.wirelesscommunicationsa
rechangeddramaticallytheseyearsD.U.S.universitiesmaylosetheirleadinsomehigh-techfields10.Whatisthemainide
aofParagraph3?A.Universitiescanbebirthplacesofgameprogrammers.B.Pie-in-the-skyideasfromuniversitiescanberevolutionary.C.Universitiespl
ayanimportantroleinsciencedevelopment.D.Gene-manipulationhelpstodevelopDNAtechnology.11.What'sStephenSusalka'sattitudetowardsthefuturedevelop
mentofU.Suniversities?A.Worried.B.Disapproving.C.Positive.D.Unconcerned.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。全文主要介绍了大学在科
技发展过程中的重要作用,也强调了美国的大络和人工智能等领域在慢慢的失去优势地位,文章说明了大学在科学发展中起着重要的作用,以及产生这一现象的原因和有人表达了对这种现象的担心。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文TheU.S.isstilloutinfrontofglobalcompeti
torswhenitcomestoinnovation,butAmericanuniversities-wherenewideasoftenspread-havereasonto可知当谈论到革新的时候,
美国仍然处于全球竞争者的前面,但是美国的大学,这里是新观点传播的地方,现在却有点小心翼翼起来了。but表示转折,说明美国的大学如今在科技方面变得小心翼翼了。第二段中提到的中国大学在无线通信领域获得的专利比
美国大学多也证明了这一观点。故划线短语lookovertheirshoulders意思为“小心”。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中UniversitiesfromChinagetmorepatentsthant
heirU.S.peersinwirelesscommunications,accordingtoresearchfirmGreyBServices.InAI,17ofthetop20universit
iesandpublicresearchorganizationsareinChina,withtheChineseAcademyofSciencestoppingthelist,saystheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationinGeneva.
可知研究公司GreyBServices的数据显示,中国大学在无线通信领域获得的专利比美国大学多。位于日内瓦的世界知识产权组织表示,在人工智能领域,排名前20的大学和公共研究机构中有17个在中国,中国科学院位居榜首。由此可推知,作者在第二段中提到了5G手机网络,是为了表明美国大学
可能会失去在一些高科技领域的领先地位。故选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中There'saspecialplaceforuniversitiesinthedevelopmentofscience.Universitieseducatefuturescientistsandcanbei
ncubatorsforpie-in-the-skyideas-someofwhichturnouttobegame-changers.可知大学在科学发展中占有特殊的地位。大学可以培养未来的科学家,也可以成为空想的孵化
器,其中一些最终会成为游戏规则的改变者。由此可知,第3段的主旨大意是大学在科学发展中起着重要的作用。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifyoulookatthefederaldolla
rs,they'venotreallychangedconsiderably,”saysStephenSusalka,headofAUTM,atechnologytransferassociationwhosemembersi
nclude800universities.“Othercountriesarecatchingup.Wecan'tbesatisfiedwithwhatwehaveachieved.”可知“如果你看一下联邦的美元,它们实际上并没有发生很大的变化,”技术转让协会(A
UTM)的负责人StephenSusalka说,该协会的成员包括800所大学。“其他国家正在迎头赶上。我们不能满足于我们所取得的成就。”由此可推知,StephenSusalka对美国大学未来的发展感到担忧。故选
A。DNowthereasonwhycookinghasbecomesopopular,especiallyamongmen,isthatthekitchenisthenewworkshop.Deprived(剥夺)oftherequirementtopracticehishands-ons
killsinwoodormetal,themodernmanturnstothechopping-boardworktopinstead—previouslythiswasmorelikelytobethewoman’
sarea.Itinvolvestools,processandplanning,andsatisfiesanaturaldesiretoproducesomething.Ilikefoolingaboutinthekitchen,tobehonest.Lastnight,ti
redoftoomanyvisitstoover-pricedrestaurants,Itriedtodosomethingabitcleverwithmeatsandvegetables.Itwasallright,Isuppose.Imean,mygu
estandIbothateit,butinaslightlyawkwardsortofway.Itwasallabitbrown.Moretothepointittookhoursandhoursthatcouldhavebeenspentonsome
thingmoremeaningful,suchasmendingthecooker.Therearealsothreedeadmotorcyclesinthegarage,andthey’renotgoingtorepairthemselv
es.Ithereforerecommendthe“StrengthThroughSimplicity”cookingstyle-thenewstageofculinary(烹任的)progressshallbethegarag
e.I’mhopingtointroducetheideaofgaragecookinginanewTVseriesand,asusual,wouldwelcomeanysuggestions;anythi
ngsuitableforconsumptionbyamanwhohasonereasonablycleanhandandonecoatedwithmachineoilhe'drathernotputnearhisface.Thisisnot,infact,withoutpreced
ent(先例)I’vebeeninafactoryinIndiawheretheworkersbakedbreadonthetopsofhotmachines,andtheysomehowtastedbetterforbeingaby-productofindustrialeffort.To
nightI’vehadanoilchangewithsideofchainadjustmentaccompaniedbybeansandsausages.12.Accordingtotheauthor,whyaremenincreasinglyinc
reasedincooking?A.Theyfinditmoreenjoyablethanworkinginaworkshop.B.Theynowhavefeweropportunitiestocreatethings.C.Itisnowmoresociallyac
ceptableformentocook.D.Womenaregcnerallyspendinglessimecooking.13.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhispreparingthemeallastnight?A.Hedidn’tpracticeh
iscookingskillwell.B.Heshouldhaveusedtherestaurantrecipe.C.Hecouldhaveusedthecookingtimebetter.D.Hedidn’treceiveanyencouragementfr
omhisguest.14.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablydo?A.Amediaworker.B.Arestaurantcritic.C.Acook.D.Anathlete.15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoimpl
ybyusingtheexampleofIndiaworkers?A.Thewisdomofindustrialworkershasbeenoverlooked.B.Skillslearntinafactorycanbeappliedincookingameal.C.Fo
odcookedinagaragetastesasdeliciousasthatfromakitchen.D.Mealshavepreviouslybeenpreparedinunusualworkplacesett
ings.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在烹饪之所以如此受欢迎,尤其是在男性中,是因为厨房是新的作坊,它涉及到工具、过程和计划,满足了生产某种东西的自然欲望。作者觉得
可以更好地利用烹饪时间,因此作者提出了新的烹饪理念——车库烹饪理念。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Deprived(剥夺)oftherequirementtopracticehishands-onskillsinwoodormeta
l,themodernmanturnstothechopping-boardworktopinstead—previouslythiswasmorelikelytobethewoman’sarea.可知,现在的男人被剥夺了用木头或金属来练习动手的技能,而是转向了砧板工作台——以前,这更可能
是女性的区域。由此推知,根据作者的说法,为什么男人对烹饪越来越感兴趣是因为他们现在创造东西的机会越来越少。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Moretothepointittookhoursandhoursthatco
uldhavebeenspentonsomethingmoremeaningful,suchasmendingthecooker.可知,更重要的是,它花费了很多小时,而这些时间本可以花在更有意义的事情上,比如修理炊具
。由此可知,作者觉得他本可以更好地利用烹饪时间的。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的I’mhopingtointroducetheideaofgaragecookinginanewTVseriesand,asusual,wouldwelcomea
nysuggestions可知,我希望在一部新的电视连续剧中介绍车库烹饪的想法,和往常一样,欢迎大家提出任何建议。尤其根据关键词“inanewTVseries”可判断出,作者是媒体工作者。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的
Thisisnot,infact,withoutprecedent(先例)I’vebeeninafactoryinIndiawheretheworkersbakedbreadonthetopsofhotmachines,andtheysomehowtastedb
etterforbeingaby-productofindustrialeffort.可知,事实上,这并非没有先例,我曾在印度的一家工厂工作,那里的工人在热机器的顶部烤面包,不知怎的,他们工业的副产品尝起来更好。由此推知,以前人们在不寻常的工作场所准备饭菜。故选D。【
点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断,利用逆向思维或正面推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。如第3小题,根据倒数第二段中的I’mhopingtointroducetheideaofgarage
cookinginanewTVseriesand,asusual,wouldwelcomeanysuggestions可知,我希望在一部新的电视连续剧中介绍车库烹饪的想法,和往常一样,欢迎大家提出任何建议。尤其根据关
键词“inanewTVseries”可判断出,作者是媒体工作者。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifsomethingthatyou’redoingdoesn’tchallen
geyou,thenitdoesn’tchangeyou.Weallneedsomenormalstressinourlives,afterall.___16___Sochallengethefollowinglimits:1.Figureoutwhatyou’rescaredofanddo
itcontinuously.Ifyou’reasalesman,andyou’rescaredoftalkingtopeoplepersonallyoroverthephonenow,insteadofbeingscaredandthinkingyou’llfail,sp
endatleastfiveminutesadaytopickupthephoneandmakeacall.___17___Butdon’tstoponthefirsttry!Eventually,youcanloo
katfearintheeyeandsay,“Goon.I’mnotscared!”2.Takeaclassforahobbyyou’vebeenwantingtodevelopMakesurethishobbyisnotlinkedtoyourcareer;youhave
torelaxandrelieveyourstresswhileperformingthis.___18___Apartfromhelpingyouchallengeyourself,takingaclassforyourhobbymayalsogiveyouextraincome.3
.Setasideatleastnineminutesadayforphysicalexercise.___19___Asimple9-minuterunaroundyourneighborhoodcandowondersforyourself.Exercisecannotonlyh
elpyoumaintainyourregularweight,butalsomakeyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.4.Travelandallowyourselftobeinterestedinnewpeople.Don’tjus
tlimityourselftoyourfellowtravelers—trytoconnectwiththeservicestaff.Youneverknowwhatkindofpeoplethey’regoingtobe.Getoutofyourhouseorgoon
linerightnowtobookyourclass.___20___A.Youshoulddoitcontinuously.B.Someonemayhanguponyou.C.Youdon’tneedtogotothegym.D.Runninginthegymmaybeab
etterchoice.E.Starttotravelnowandlearntochallengeyourself.F.Someexamplesmightbecooking,sewing,paintingandsoon.G.Youcan
neverseeanyimprovementifyousticktoyourcomfortzone.【答案】16.G17.B18.F19.C20.E【解析】这是一篇说明文,介绍了如何走出自己的舒适区、挑战自己的
几点建议。【16题详解】由“Weallneedsomenormalstressinourlives,afterall.____1____Sochallengethefollowinglimits”可知,毕竟,我们的生活中需要一些压力
,所以挑战以下的极限。所以小题1在本句中要起到承上启下的作用。故G选项“如果你坚持呆在自己的舒适区,你永远看不到任何进步”切题。故选G项。【17题详解】由“Butdon’tstoponthefirsttry!”可知,但不要打一次就停下来。所以小题2与后一句为转折关系。故B项
“有人可能会挂断你的电话“切题。故选B项。【18题详解】由“Makesurethishobbyisnotlinkedtoyourcareer;youhavetorelaxandrelieveyourstresswhileperformingth
is.”可知,确保这个爱好与你的职业无关,做它的时候你必须感到放松和减轻压力。所以小题3要举例说明是哪些爱好。故F选项“例如烹饪、缝纫、绘画等等”切题。故选F项。【19题详解】由“Asimple9-minuterunaroundyo
urneighborhoodcandowondersforyourself.”可知,在社区附近跑9分钟就可以为你自己创造奇迹。所以小题4与后一句为并列关系,来说明运动的地点和和时间,进而说明标题。故C项“你不需要去健身房”切题。故选C项。【20题详解】由“Travelanda
llowyourselftobeinterestedinnewpeople.”可知,旅行并且敞开心胸去结识新朋友,此处讲的是关于旅行方面的内容,所以小题5要总结性地说明现在就开始旅行,学会挑战自己。故
E项“现在就开始旅行,学会挑战自己”切题。故选E项。第三部分英语知识应用(满分15分)完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳
选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OnerainyafternoonIwassittingathomefeelingsobored.____21____feelingsorryformyself,Iwantedtomeetpeopleandhavenew____22____.SoIdec
idedtostartvolunteering.IfoundawebsitewhereIcouldvolunteeronafarminFrance.Volunteeringofferssomanyopportunitiestohavefunandshare___23___
stories.Itwasthefirsttimeformetoworkonafarm.Itwasalmostafreeholidayasfoodandaccommodationwereprovided.Itwasnotone___24_
__holiday,however,asIhadto___25___fifteenhorsesandsheep!IsoondiscoveredthatIwasa(n)___26___farmerbutitdidnotmatterbecauseImadesom
egreatfriendsandalsoimprovedmyFrench.However,youdonot___27___goabroadtovolunteer.Ihavehadplentyofadventuresathomeasvolunteeringcanbecomea___28___.For
example,IlovesingingsoIhadagoodlaughwavingmyarmsinorderto___29___mylocalchoir(合唱团).Atuniversity,Iorganizedaconcertforcharitywith
myfriends.Itwasreally____30____tofindbandsandraisemoneyforacause.Itistruethatyoufeelgoodvolunteeringbuttherearealsoother____31____.Ioncevolu
nteeredasasteward(干事)atacharitysportseventwheretheorganizersgenerouslygavemecupcakesfromanexpensiveLondonbakerytothankmeformy___
_32____.IalsovolunteeredinacharityshopsoIfoundloadsofnicecheapclothesto____33____mywardrobe(衣柜).Whilethisisallfun,myfavor
iteaspectofvolunteeringis____34____andsharingstories.Myterrible____35____atfarminghasgivenmefunnystoriestotell!21.A.ApartfromB.DuetoC.Inste
adofD.Butfor22.A.experiencesB.discoveriesC.opportunitiesD.changes23.A.popularB.fantasticC.familiarD.important24.A.uniqueB.
regularC.typicalD.convenient25.A.attendtoB.researchintoC.huntforD.communicatewith26.A.skillfulB.suit
ableC.hard-workingD.awful27.A.normallyB.basicallyC.naturallyD.necessarily28.A.hobbyB.trendC.jobD.reality29.A.greetB.controlC.organizeD.conduct30.
A.PowerfulB.hopefulC.meaningfulD.successful31.A.adventuresB.advantagesC.factorsD.achievements32.A.servicesB.patienceC.determinationD.ch
oices33.A.decorateB.replaceC.beautifyD.update34.A.creatingB.imaginingC.choosingD.completing35.A.offenceB.shameC.attemptD.annoyan
ce【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D27.D28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.A35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从事志愿者工作的经历和意义,以及
作者分享了做志愿工作所收获的快乐。【21题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:不是自怨自艾,我想遇到一些人,有新的经历。A.Apartfrom除了;B.Dueto由于;C.Insteadof而不是,代替;D.Butfor要不是。根据下文s
oIdecidedtostartvolunteering可知,我决定开始志愿工作,而不是自怨自艾。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:不是自怨自艾,我想遇到一些人,有新的经历。A.experiences经历;B.discoveries发现;C.opportunities
机会;D.changes。根据空前meetpeopleandhavenew可知,我想遇到一些人,有新的经历。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:志愿工作提供很多能让人玩得高兴并分享精彩故事的机会。A.popu
lar流行的;B.fantastic精彩的,美妙的;C.familiar熟悉的;D.important重要的。根据上下文可知,此处意思是“分享精彩的故事”。故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然而,这不是
一个平常的假日,因为我必须照顾十五匹马和羊!A.unique独特的;B.regular有规律的;C.typical典型的;平常的;D.convenient方便的。根据下文however,asIhadto
___5___fifteenhorsesandsheep!可知,我必须照顾十五匹马和羊。由此可知,这不是一个平常的假期。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:然而,这不是一个平常的假日,因为我必须照顾十五匹马和羊!A.attendto照顾,照料;B.researchinto
研究,分析;C.huntfor寻找;D.communicatewith交流。根据上文可知,我去农场做志愿者,应该是照顾农场里的牲畜。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我很快发现自己是一个糟糕的农民,但这无关紧要,因为我交了一些好朋友,法语也提高了
。A.skillful有技术的;B.suitable合适的;C.hard-working努力的;D.awful糟糕的。根据下文Myterrible___15___atfarminghasgivenmefunnystoriestotell!可知,我就发现我是一个糟糕的农民。故选D。【27
题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,你不一定要去国外做志愿者。A.normally正常地;B.basically基本上;C.naturally自然地;D.necessarily必要地。根据下文的Ihavehadplentyofadventuresathomeasvolunteeringca
nbecomea___8___.可知,你不一定要去国外从事志愿工作。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我在国内有很多冒险的经历,因为志愿服务可以成为一个爱好。A.hobby业余爱好;B.trend趋势;C.job工作;D.reality现实。根据下文Forexample
,IlovesingingsoIhadagoodlaughwavingmyarmsinorderto___9___mylocalchoir(合唱团).可知,志愿工作可以成为一个爱好。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义
辨析。句意:例如,我喜欢唱歌,所以我开怀大笑地挥舞着手臂来指挥我的地方合唱团。A.greet欢迎;B.control控制;C.organize组织;D.conduct指挥。根据上文的Ihadagoodlaughwaving
myarms以及后面的mylocalchoir(合唱团)可知,我应该是挥舞着胳膊指挥当地的合唱团。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:为一项事业寻找乐队和筹集资金真的很有意义。A.powerful强大的;强有力的;B.hopeful有希望的;C.meaning
ful有意义的;D.successful成功的。根据常识可知,为一项事业寻找乐队和筹集资金是很有意义的。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:做志愿者确实让你感觉很好,也有其他的好处。A.adventures冒险;B.advantages优势,好处;C.factors因素;D.ach
ievements成就。根据下文列举的个人经历可知,当志愿者还有其他的好处。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我曾经在一个慈善体育赛事中当过志愿者,组织者慷慨地给了我一个昂贵的伦敦面包店的纸杯蛋糕,以感谢我的服务。A
.services服务;B.patience耐心;C.determination决心;D.choices选择。根据上文Ioncevolunteeredasasteward(干事)atacharitysportseven
t可知,组织者给作者杯形蛋糕是为了感谢我的服务。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:还在一家慈善商店做志愿者,所以我找到了很多又好又便宜的衣服来更新我的衣柜。A.decorate装饰;B.replace代替;C.beautify美化;D.updat
e更新。根据空前Ifoundloadsofnicecheapclothes可知,我在慈善商店找到许多漂亮、便宜的衣服来更新自己的衣柜。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然这一切都很有趣,但是志愿活动中我最喜欢的方面是创造和分享故事。A.creating创造;B.imag
ining想象;C.choosing选择;D.completing完成。根据下文Myterrible___15___atfarminghasgivenmefunnystoriestotell!可知,但对于志愿工作,我最喜欢的方面是创造并
分享故事。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我糟糕的农场尝试,让我有了有趣的故事可讲!A.offence过错;B.shame羞耻;C.attempt尝试;D.annoyance烦恼。根据上文Itwasthefirsttimeformetoworkonafarm.可知,此处指“我糟
糕的农场尝试”。故选C。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如第14小题,根据下文Myterrible___15___atfarminghasgivenmefunnystoriestotell
!可知,但对于志愿工作,我最喜欢的方面是创造并分享故事。A.creating创造;B.imagining想象;C.choosing选择;D.completing完成。句意:虽然这一切都很有趣,但是志愿活动中我最喜欢的方面是创造和分享故事。故选A
。第II卷注意:将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上无效。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分30分)1.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面句子,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(每空至多3词)。36._______comesfromabroadmus
thaveamedicaltestfornewcoronaviruspneumonia.37.Youhaven'tansweredmyquestion_______Icanattendthemeetingtonight.38.Evidenceha
sbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy_______children'searlysleepingproblemislikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.39.Doctorsusuallywriteexa
ctinstructions_______themedicineistaken.40.Mywashingmachine_______(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.41.Heisknown_______(spe
nd)18yearsfightingforslaves.42.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______(notinvent)yet.43.
Thedaywillcome_______we’llwinthefinalvictory.44._______everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.45._______(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldo
harmtoone'sskin.【答案】36.Whoever37.whether38.that39.how40.isbeingrepaired41.tohavespent42.hadn’tbeeninve
nted43.when44.As45.Beingexposed【解析】【36题详解】考查连接词。句意:凡从国外来的人员,必须接受新型冠状病毒肺炎医学检查。分析句子结构,“_____comesfromabroad”是主语从句,所填词是主语从句的引
导词;根据句意,意思为“无论谁”,在从句中作主语。位于句首,首字母大写。故填Whoever。【37题详解】考查连接词。句意:你还没有回答我今晚是否能参加会议的问题。分析句子结构,“_____Icanattendthemeetingtonight”是同位语从句,根据句意,应用whether引导同位语
从句,意思为“是否”。故填whether。【38题详解】考查连接词。句意:通过多年的研究,已经发现证据证明儿童早期睡眠问题很可能在他们长大后会继续存在。分析句子结构,“_____children'searlyslee
pingproblemislikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup”是同位语从句,同位语从句句意完整,不缺少任何成分,因此用that引导。故填that。【39题详解】考查连接词。句意:医生通常会写下关于药该如何服用的准确的说明。
分析句子结构,“_____themedicineistaken”是同位语从句,根据句意,应用how引导同位语从句,意思为“如何”。故填how。【40题详解】考查时态和语态。句意:我的洗衣机这星期正在修理中,所以我不得不用手洗衣服。句子主语Mywashingmachine和repair
之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用被动语态;根据时间状语“thisweek”可知,是现阶段正在进行的动作;根据语境“Ihavetowashmyclothesbyhand”可知,“洗衣机正在修理中”,因此用现在进行时的被动语态is/arebeingdone,表示正在进行的被动动作,意思为“正在
被……”;句子主语mywashingmachine是单数,谓语动词也用单数形式。故填isbeingrepaired。【41题详解】考查不定式。句意:众所周知,他已经花了18年的时间为奴隶而斗争。句型Itisknownthat…可转换为Sb.isknownto…,后接不定式作主语补足
语;不定式的动作“spend18yearsfightingforslaves”在主句动作之前发生,句子主语he和spend之间为逻辑上的主动关系,因此用不定式的完成式形式tohavedone;spend是不规则变化动词,过去分词为spent。故填tohavespent。【42题详解】考
查时态和语态。句意:在20世纪50年代的美国,大多数家庭家里只有一部手机,那时无线电话还没有发明出来。根据句意,“mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome”是一般过去时态,“无线电话还没发明”应该是在此之前,是“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时;
句子主语wirelessphones和invent之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;因此用过去完成时的被动语态hadbeendone。故填hadn’tbeeninvented。【43题详解】考查定语从句关系词
。句意:我们取得最后胜利的那一天就要到来了。分析句子结构,“____we’llwinthefinalvictory”是定语从句,先行词是theday,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用when引导定语从句。故填when。【44题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意:正如大家所希望的那样,玛丽获得了一
等奖。分析句子结构,“____everyonehoped”是定语从句,关系词as引导定语从句,意思为“正如,就像”。as在定语从句中作宾语,指代后面的整个句子。故填As。【45题详解】考查动名词。句意:暴露在阳光下太久会对皮肤造成伤害。分析句子结构,“_____tosunlightf
ortoomuchtime”在句中作主语,expose是动词,应用动名词形式作主语;短语beexposedto意思为“暴露在….中”,因此用动名词的被动形式beingdone作主语。故填Beingexposed。
II根据给出的首字母、汉语提示或括号内单词,写出所缺单词或单词的正确形式,使句子意义完整、语法正确。46.Sheputsomed__ontheChristmastreetomakeitmorebeautifulandmeaningf
ul.47.Thegirltiedinv__tocatchthebutterflyontheflowerbutshewasn'tdiscouraged.48.Agoodideao___tomeafterhearingthenews.49.
A__,theAmericanpoliticiansaretryingtocoverupthetruthanddumptheblameonChina.50.What'syourdeepestimpressiononthe___(apply)whoare
fromuniversities?51.Istronglyadvisethatweshoulddiscusstheissueofillegal__.(immigrate)52.Hisattitudei__thathewasnotveryhappywithwhatyoudid
.53.Lastweekthewholenationm___thosewholosttheirlivesinthebattleagainsttheCovid19virus.54.Newr__willbeintr
oducedinourschoolnextweekandwemustbehaveaccordingly.55.Duetothestoragecapacity,thenewly-foundoilfieldhasno___(商业)va
lue.【答案】46.decorations47.vain48.occurred49.Apparently50.applicants51.immigration/immigrants52.indicated53.mourned54.regulations55.com
mercial【解析】【46题详解】考查名词。句意:她把一些装饰品挂在圣诞树上,使它更美丽、更有意义。分析句子结构,所填词在句中作宾语,应该是名词;根据句意和所给首字母,应是名词decoration,意思为“装饰物”;
decoration是可数名词,前面有some,应用复数形式。故填decorations。【47题详解】考查固定短语。句意:女孩徒劳地想系根绳子抓住花上的蝴蝶,但她并不气馁。根据句意和所给首字母,此处是短语invain,意思为“徒劳,枉然,白费力”。故填vain。【48题详解】考
查动词。句意:听到这个消息后,我想到了一个好主意。分析句子结构,所填词在句中是谓语,应该是动词;根据句意和所给首字母,应是动词occur,意思为“(想法、主意等)突然出现”;根据时间状语“afterhearingthen
ews”可知,句子叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时;occur的过去式需双写r,再加-ed。故填occurred。【49题详解】考查副词。句意:显然,美国的政客们试图掩盖真相,把责任推给中国。修饰整个句子,应该用副词;根据句意和所给首字母,应是副词appa
rently,意思为“明显地,显而易见地”。故填Apparently。【50题详解】考查名词。句意:你对来自大学的申请者印象最深的是什么?根据后面的定语从句“whoarefromuniversities”可知,所填
词是定语从句的先行词,应该是名词;根据句意和括号内单词提示,应是名词applicant,意思为“申请人”;定语从句的谓语be动词are是复数,因此applicant也应用复数形式。故填applicants。【51题详解】考查名词。句意:我强烈建议我们
讨论非法入境者/移民的问题。分析句子结构,所填词在句中是宾语,在形容词illegal后应是名词作宾语;根据句意和括号内单词提示,应是名词immigration,意思为“移民”;也可以是名词immigr
ant,意思为“移民,入境者”;immigrant是可数名词,应用复数形式。故填immigration/immigrants。【52题详解】考查动词。句意:他的态度表明他对你所做的事情不太满意。分析句子结构,所填词在句中是谓语,应该是动词;根据句意和所给
首字母,应是动词indicate,意思为“表明,暗示”;根据宾语从句的一般过去时时态“hewasnot…”可知,句子叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填indicated。【53题详解】考查动词。句意:上周,全国哀悼那些在抗击2019新冠肺炎病毒的战斗中牺牲的人们。分析句
子结构,所填词在句中是谓语,应该是动词;根据句意和所给首字母,应是动词mourn,意思为“哀悼”;根据时间状语lastweek可知,句子叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填mourned。【54题详解】考查名词。句意:下周我们学校
将实施新的规章制度,我们必须照章行事。分析句子结构,所填词在句中是主语,应该是名词;根据句意和所给首字母,应是名词regulation,意思为“规则”;按生活常识,学校的新规章制度应该很多,regulation是可数名词
,应用复数形式。故填regulations。【55题详解】考查形容词。句意:由于储油量,新发现的油田没有什么商业价值。修饰名词value,应该用形容词;根据句意和所给汉语提示,应是形容词commercial,意思为“商业的”。故填com
mercial。IV.读后续写(25分)56.阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。Severalyearsago,IwaslivinginNewYorkandworkingforanairline,soIneve
rgotbackhomeforChristmas.MyChristmaswashappytoowithsomeothercolleaguesaround.Butinmyheart,IwassadbecauseIcouldn’tstaywi
thmyfamily.SometimesmycolleagueswouldsayourChristmaswasfilledwithtears.ButthisChristmaswasdifferent.Iwaslucky.Ihadthewholedayoff,
whichmeantIcouldstaywithmyfamilyonChristmasEve.WhenChristmasmimingcame,Iawoketoasmallhandrubbingmyface.
“Dad.MerryChristmas!”wasallmyyoungersonhadtimetosay.Heseemedtoberacingagainsttime.Iknewhewashuntingforgifts
withhisbrothereagerly.Igotdownstairsjusttoseethetwolittleboys’facesastheylookedatthepocketrocketsSantaClaushadleftthem
.IrealizedthattherealChristmaswasforthechildrenwhohaddeepbeliefintheamazingpowerofSantaClaus.Atfirst,theirfingerswentalmostshylyovertheirtoys.Whenthe
irinspection(检查)hadbeencompleted,thetwoboysensuredthatthegiftswerereallydeliveredbySantaClausandtheydraggedeverythingintothecenterofthelivingr
oom.Delightfloodedtheroom.Astheirmotherbegangivingoutgins,Ismiledtomyself,wonderinghowmyunexpectedgiftsthisyearwouldbereceived.WithsomanyChrist
masspentoutside,IhadpreparedsomanygiftsformychildrenandtogetherwithmywifeIhidtheminseveralsecretplaces.
Butthechildrenwereexcellentdetectivesandtheyfoundallofthem.Theywerehappilyopeningpackagesconstantlythankingcon
siderateSantaClausforhiskindnessandabilitytoknowtheirdesires.Buthadnotreceivedasingleone.Iknewtheyhadforgottenmye
xistencewithmyabsencefromtheirChristmastheseyears.注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragra
ph1:Ihadtoadmitthatmydisappointmentwasgrowingsteadily._______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________Paragraph2:Suddenlymywifewalkeduptome.__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________【答案】Ihadtoadmitthatmydisappointmentwasgrowingsteadily.Iwaswonderingwhet
herIcouldgetagiftwhenmyyoungersonrantome,whowasreallykindenoughtosavemyface.Heaskedmetoadmirehisgiftwhichhedeepl
ybelievedwascarefullychosenbySantaClaus.Hesaidhappilythathewouldsharesomeofthegiftsofhisandallowmetochooseonefromthem.Ithankedhimfromtheb
ottomofmyheart,stillfeelingdisappointed.Suddenlymywifewalkeduptome.ItseemedthatshehadguessedhowIfelt.Sheaskedmetolookatth
eChristmastreewhichwasdecoratedwithsomanyboxes.Ithinkshewasshowingoffhereffortsonthedecorationbutshetoo
koffasmallboxandpassedittomesmilingandsayingitwasforme.Iopeneditandsawaletterwhichread“Wewillneverforgetyou.Mer
ryChristmas!”Undertheletterwasawatchwhichwasclickingwithdelight.Iwasmovedtotears.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达考查读后续写。【详解】1
.认真读懂所给提供的材料:因为工作的原因,作者有几年没有回家过圣诞节,因此他很伤心。这个圣诞节不一样,作者有一整天的假期,他终于可以和家人一起过圣诞节了。欢乐弥漫了整个房间,但是作者没有收到意想不到的礼物,他感觉有点难过,这些年来他
不在家过圣诞节,家人也许已经把他的存在给忘了。2.续写部分和前面的文章衔接得上,并且与原文情节发展和人物性格相一致,故事情节的向后延续发展要合乎情理。3.根据第一段首句Ihadtoadmitthatmydisa
ppointmentwasgrowingsteadily.(我不得不承认,我的失望情绪越来越严重)可以对没有收到礼物后发生了什么展开构思;根据第二段首句Suddenlymywifewalkeduptome.(突然,我妻子向我走来)可以针对作者和妻子
之间发生什么展开构思。4.续写的语言要尽可能与原文的语言保持风格上的一致。文章时态以一般过去时为主。应使用自己熟悉的句型和短语进行写作,考生要注意尽可能使句子的表达形式多样化,适当的使用一些高级句式和高级词汇,以提高书面表达的档次和可读性。作
文要层次清晰,要点全面,表达流畅,切合题干要求,句子结构准确,适当补充信息,使篇章结构连贯。【点睛】范文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如宾语从句、时间状语从句及定语从句IwaswonderingwhetherIcouldgetagiftwh
enmyyoungersonrantome,whowasreallykindenoughtosavemyface.非谓语动词Ithankedhimfromthebottomofmyheart,stillfeelingd
isappointed.倒装句型Undertheletterwasawatchwhichwasclickingwithdelight.全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外,文章
思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。