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北京师范大学附属中学平谷第一分校2023-2024学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期中试卷共100分，考试时长90分钟第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以

填入空白处的最佳选项。TakeanOptionJerrywasanaturalmotivator.Hewasalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshadsomething____1____tosay,whichreallymademecurious.OnedayIw

entuptoaskhimhowhedidthat.“Well,lifeisallabout____2____.It’syouroptionhowyouliveyourlife,”Jerryreplied.SoonImovedtoa

nothercity.Severalmonthslater,IheardthatJerrywasseriouslyinjuredinthechestwhileskiing.____3____,hewasfoundquicklyandrushedtothehospital.After8hou

rsofsurgeryandweeksofintensivecare,hewas____4____fromthehospital.Later,whenwemetagain,IaskedJerrywhathad____5____hismindduringtheac

cident.“AsIlayinthesnow,IknewIhadtwooptions:Onewastolive,theotherwastodie.Ichosetolive,”Jerrysaid.“Theparamedics(急救人员)weregreat.Theykepttellingme

Iwasgoingtobefine.Butwhenthey____6____meintotheemergencyroomandIsawtheexpressionsonthefacesofthedoctors,Igotreally____7____.Intheireyes,Iread,

‘He’sadeadman.’IknewIneededtotakeaction.Itoldthem,‘OperateonmeasifI’malive,notdead.’Yousee,Ijusttriedto____8____theirconfidence.”FinallyJ

errylivedthankstotheskillofhisdoctors,butalsobecauseofhisamazing____9____tolive.Jerryhastaughtmealot.Ilearnfromhimthateverydaywehavet

hechoicetolivefully.Your____10____,afterall,iseverything.1.A.regularB.familiarC.positiveD.typical2.A.choices

B.trendsC.relationsD.secrets3.A.NormallyB.ObviouslyC.HopefullyD.Luckily4.A.preservedB.releasedC.distinguishedD.aband

oned5.A.gonethroughB.putupC.turnedinD.calledfor6.A.forcedB.followedC.wheeledD.recommended7A.boredB.frightenedC.confusedD.embarrassed8.A.expre

ssB.shareC.gainD.inspire.9.A.talentB.achievementC.desireD.evidence10.A.attitudeB.standardC.abilityD.control【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.C10

.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。“我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。【1题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.

familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“Hewasalwaysinagoodmood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：生

活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“It’syouroptionhowyouliveyourlife”（如何生活是你自己

的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A。【3题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.

Luckily幸运地。根据“hewasfoundquicklyandrushedtothehospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguis

hed区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After8hoursofsurgeryandweeksofintensivecare”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gonethrough通过

；B.putup张贴；C.turnedin交上；D.calledfor要求。根据“AsIlayinthesnow,IknewIhadtwooptions:Onewastolive,theotherwastodie.”（当我躺在雪

地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指“我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheel

ed用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“intotheemergencyroom”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C。【7题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A

.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“He’sadeadman.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓

坏了。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们的信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“OperateonmeasifI’malive,notdead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他

们的信心。故选D。【9题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“Oper

ateonmeasifI’malive,notdead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.standa

rd标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“Ilearnfromhimthateverydaywehavethechoicetolivefully.”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选

择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ALondonMara

thonrunnersawacompetitorwhoneededhelp.Thecompetitorhadfallentotheground,sohe____11____(pick)himup.Whenhefelldownagain,hedecided

tosupporthimtothefinishline200metresaway.Matthew,therunnerwho____12____(selfless)helpedhiscompetitor,b

ecamefamousontheInternet.Thetworunnersbecamefriendsand____13____(meet)atnextyear'sLondonMarathon,hopefully.【答案】11.picked12.selflessly13.will

meet【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是马拉松选手马修在比赛中帮助竞争对手，并和对手成为了好朋友。【11题详解】的考查时态。句意：竞争者摔倒在地上，所以他把他扶了起来。通篇时态一般过去时，空格处用过去式picked，故填pick

ed。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：马修，那个无私地帮助他的竞争对手的赛跑者，在互联网上出名了。空格处用副词修饰动词helped，selfless的副词是selflessly，意为“无私地”，故填selflessly。【13题详解】考查

时态。句意：这两位选手成为了朋友，并有望在明年的伦敦马拉松比赛上相遇。由nextyear's可知，句子用一般将来时，因此空格处是willmeet，故填willmeet。B阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单

词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Depopisashoppingappwhichyoungpeopleusetobuyandsell____14____(use)clothes.Moreth

an30millionpeoplefrom150countriesusetheapp,andsomeexpertsbelievethatDepopwillhaveabigimpactonglobalclothesco

mpanies.Oneofthepeople____15____sellclothesonDepopis20-year-oldMoiraCampos.Shehasabout40,000followersand____16____(sell)clothesonlineisher

job.Moiraandherbrotherbuyoldclothes,takephotosofthem,andthensellthem.Youngpeoplelikesustainableshopping____17____itisbette

rfortheplanet.【答案】14.used15.who##that16.selling17.because【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了小程序Depop深受年轻人喜欢，他们可以在上面买卖旧衣服。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：Depop是一个

年轻人用来买卖旧衣服的购物应用程序。分析句子可知，提示词在句中作定语，修饰名词clothes，应使用其形容词形式used，表示“用过的，旧的”。故填used。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：20岁的MoiraCam

pos是在Depop上卖衣服的人之一。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。【16题详解】是考查非谓语动词。句意：她有大约4万名粉丝，在网上卖衣服是她的工作。分

析句子可知，“(sell)clothesonline”是句子主语，应用动名词selling作主语。故填selling。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：年轻人喜欢可持续购物，因为这对地球更好。根据句意可知，“itisbetterforthe

planet”是“Youngpeoplelikesustainableshopping”是原因，所以用从属连词because引导原因状语从句。故填because。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号

内所给词的正确形式填空。Discoveringyourselfplaysanimportantroleininspiringyourconfidence.Bydoingso,youcouldknow___18___youareweakin.Andyoumayalsorealizeyou’re

quiteagreatperson___19___greatstrengths.Sowhenyou’reinahardsituation,youwillbelieveinyourselfandspendthemostdifficultti

mewithconfidence.Otherwise,youmaygiveupandthenloseeverything.Therefore,theability___20___(trust)yourselfwilldecideyourfuturealot.【答案】18.wha

t19.with20.totrust【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍发现自我可以激发自信心，让我们能充满自信地度过艰难时刻。【18题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：通过这样做，你可以知道你弱点是什么。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。【19题详

解】考查介词。句意：你可能也会意识到你是一个非常优秀的人，有很多优点。表示“具有”应用介词with。故填with。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，相信自己的能力将在很大程度上决定你的未来。修饰名词ability需用动词不定

式totrust，作后置定语。故填totrust。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A的Occasionslikeanniversariesweddingsandr

eunionscallforspecialeventvenues（场地）.Thefollowingplacesmayhaveawayout.There'snoneedtospendmoneycreatingatmosphereatspe

cialeventvenues.It'sbuiltrightin!HardRockCafeAnchorage415E.STREET,ANCHORAGE,ALASKA99501Events,likegreatmusicarebornofinspiration.Fe

aturinga13,600-square-footfacilitythatwillseat275guestswithprivateeventspace,weprideourselvesondeliveringanexceptionalexperiencewitharockand

rolltwistforeachofourguests.BusinessExpoCenter1960S.ANAHEIMWAY,ANAHEIM,CALIFORNIA92805TheBusinessExpoCenterisOrangeCounty'spremiereventvenueinA

naheim,California.Ourflexible36,000-square-footexpocenterishometospaceforconferences,tradeshowsandcel

ebrations.Weprideourselvesonprovidingamemorableexperiencewithexcellentflexibility,services,andcostsavings.

Wewon'tchargecustomersforon-siteparkingandprovidehigh-speedWi-Fi.AutomobileDrivingMuseum610LAIRPORTSTREET,ELSEGUNDO,CALIFORNIA90

245CentrallylocatedintheSouthBaybeachcommunityofElSegundo,California,theADMoffersawonderfulvenueforprivatepartiesandcorporateevents.Convenientlylocat

ed5minutessouthofLAX,rightoffthe405and105Freeways,the610Lairportspacehasavintagefeelsurroundedbyourprimaryauto

mobilecollection.Weofferseveraldifferentvenuesinsideandoutsideourfacilityfordiverseevents.Tobetterourservice,reservationsa

reneeded.YamashiroHollywood1999N.SYCAMOREAVE.,LOSANGELES,CALIFORNIA90068YamashiroHollywoodisarestaurantandtherefore,all

foodandbeveragesmustbehandledinhouse.However,guestsareallowedtobringinoutsidewineandchampagneforacorkagefee.21.WhatcanyoudoinBusinessExp

oCenter?A.Enjoyfreeparking.B.Bringinoutsidewine.C.Experiencearockandrolltwist.D.Seesomeautomobilecollections.,22.Whichvenuedoyouneedtobookinadvanc

e?A.BusinessExpoCenter.B.YamashiroHollywood.C.HardRockCafeAnchorage.D.AutomobileDrivingMuseum.23.Whatdothefourvenueshaveincommon?A.

Theyofferoptionalplaces.B.Theyareopentospecialevents.C.Theyarelocatedinthesamestate.D.Theyenjoyconvenienttransportation.【答案】21.A22

.D23.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个适合举办周年纪念日、婚礼和团聚等活动的场所。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据BusinessExpoCenter部分中的“Wewon'tchargecustomersf

oron-siteparkingandprovidehigh-speedWi-Fi.”可知，我们不会向客户收取现场停车费，并且会提供高速Wi-Fi，由此可知，在商务会展中心你可以享受免费停车，故A项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Auto

mobileDrivingMuseum部分中的“Tobetterourservice,reservationsareneeded.”可知，为了让您获得更好的服务，需要预订，由此可知，汽车驾驶博物馆需要提前预订，故D项正确。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Occasions

likeanniversaries,weddingsandreunionscallforspecialeventvenues.Thefollowingplacesmayhaveawayout.”可知，像周年纪念日、婚礼和聚会这样的场合需要特殊的活动场所，以下地方就是这样的场所，由此可

知，这四个场馆的共同之处是它们都对对特殊活动开放，故B项正确。BTheGreatBookSwapHi,sixthgraders!MynameisTonyHill.IampresidentoftheWindsorHighSchoolStudentCounc

il.Yourteacherletmecometoyourclasstodaytotellyouaboutareadingprojectthatwewanttodo,andweneedyourhelp.Ifyou’relikeme,youlovetoreadbutsome

timeshaveahardtimefindingbooksyouwanttoread.Itseemsasifthebestbooksatthelibraryarealwayscheckedout.Tohelpget

morebooksintopeople’shands,we’replanningtheGreatCommunity(社区)BookSwap.Tomaketheprojectasuccess,weneedeveryone’shelp.Askyourparentsifthereareanyunuse

dbookstakingupspace.Askyourfriendsandneighbourstodonateunwantedbooks.Maybeyouhavebooksyoulikedwhenyouwereyoungerbutdon’treadanymore.

Bringthemtoschoolandmakeayoungreaderhappy.Weneedallkindsofbooksforallkindsofreaders!TherearemanytimesI’dliketogobuynewbooks,butIdon’thavealoto

fmoneytospendonthem.Wouldn’titbegreattoswapbooksrighthereinourcommunity?Volunteerswillorganizethedonatedbooks.Thenthebookswillbedisplayedatthe

communitycenter.Everyonewillbeabletoreadandhopefullyfindtheperfectbook.Studentswillbeallowedtochooseuptotwobooksduringeachdayoftheswap.Ou

rplanistohavethebookswapthefirstSaturdayofeverymonth.Ifyoulikereading,justcomeandlookthroughthecollectionofbooks.Eachgradewillhaveitsownweektob

ringinbooks.Rightnow,eighthgradeisbringinginbooks.Wheneverygradehasbroughtinbooks,wewillhavequiteaselection.Yo

uwillprobablyfindatleastonenewbookthatyou’dliketoread.Whoknows?Maybeyou’llfindabooksogoodthatyouwon’tbeabletoputitdown.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Gohom

eandcleanoutyourbookshelvesandclosets!24.WhydidTonyHillcometotheclassofsixthgraders?A.Toexplainareadingproject.B.Tointroduceanewly

-builtlibrary.C.Toaskthestudentstohelpdonatebooks.D.Togivethesixthgradersadviceonreading.25.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howthebookswapwi

llwork.B.Whenbookswillbebroughtin.C.Whatkindsofbooksareneeded.D.Whythebookswapisnecessary.26.Whatdoestheunderlined

sentenceinthelastparagraphindicate?A.Morebooksareneededinthefuture.B.Volunteersplayanimportantroleintheproject.C.Everyonei

ssuretobeabletofindthebookshewants.D.Studentshavealreadystartedhelpingwiththebookswap.27.Whichofthefollowi

ngwordsbestdescribesTonyHill?A.Realistic.B.Convincing.C.Independent.D.Ambitious.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.B【解析】【导语】这是一

篇应用文。文章主要是托尼·希尔劝说六年级的学生捐赠图书的演讲，帮助实现一个阅读项目。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“MynameisTonyHill.IampresidentoftheWindsorHig

hSchoolStudentCouncil.Yourteacherletmecometoyourclasstodaytotellyouaboutareadingprojectthatwewanttodo,andweneedyourhelp.(

我叫托尼·希尔。我是温莎高中学生会主席。你们的老师让我今天来你们班告诉你们一个我们想做的阅读项目，我们需要你们的帮助。)”可知，托尼·希尔来到六年级的课堂是为了要求学生帮助捐赠书籍。故选C。【25题详解】主旨大意题。

根据文章第四段“Volunteerswillorganizethedonatedbooks.Thenthebookswillbedisplayedatthecommunitycenter.Everyonewillbeabletoreadandhopefullyfindth

eperfectbook.Studentswillbeallowedtochooseuptotwobooksduringeachdayoftheswap.OurplanistohavethebookswapthefirstSaturdayofeverymonth.(志愿者将整理捐

赠的图书。然后这些书将在社区中心展出。每个人都将能够阅读，并希望找到完美的书。学生将被允许在每天的交换中选择最多两本书。我们的计划是在每个月的第一个星期六进行图书交换。)”可知，第四段主要介绍了图书交换是如何进行的。故选A。【26题详解

】词句猜测题。根据上文“Ifyoulikereading,justcomeandlookthroughthecollectionofbooks.Eachgradewillhaveitsownweektobringinbooks.(如果你喜欢读书，就来看看我

们的藏书吧。每个年级都有自己的一周来带书。)”可知，划线句子表明学生们已经开始帮助交换图书了。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whatareyouwaitingfor?Gohomeandcleanoutyourbookshel

vesandclosets!(你还在等什么？回家把你的书架和壁橱清理干净！)”可知，TonyHill来劝同学们捐赠书籍，因此他是一个又说服力的人。故选B。CNASA’sspacecraftDarthitanasteroid(小行星)11.3millionkilometersawa

yataspeed,changingtheasteroid’sorbitandlowereditscycleperiodby15minutes,thespaceorganizationannouncedonMonday.Somesaidthemoveshowsthewo

rldmightnowbeabletopreventasteroids—thekindthatmadethedinosaursextinct—fromhittingtheEarth.Theasteroidthatwascon

trolledbelongedtoadouble-asteroidsystem.Ithada160-meterdiameterwhiletheotherasteroid’sdiameterisover500meters.Thebiggerasteroid

canbecomparedtotheonethatendedthedinosaurera67millionyearsago.Ahitfromanasteroidthatsizecancauseunimaginabledestr

uction.However,itistooearlytoassertthattheworldhasgainedtheabilitytopreventasteroidsfromhittingus.Theasteroidthatwascontrolledwasonly160metersins

ize.Itscycleperiodwaschanged,withoutchangingitsorbitsignificantly.ItisstillnotcleariftheorbitofamuchlargerasteroidheadedtowardtheEarthcanbech

angedsuccessfully.Inbrief,NASA’ssuccessinchangingthecourseofaharmfulasteroidisdefinitelypraiseworthy,butmuch

moreneedstobedonebeforewecansaytheworld’ssecurityfromsomeunpredictableasteroidisguaranteed.Itshouldbenotedthatchangingtheorbitofanasteroidinvolvesmo

rethanjustsendinganobjectintospaceandcommandingittohittheasteroid.Whileitishardenoughtohitanasteroid,itisevenmoredifficulttolockont

ooneinthefirstplace.Itmeanshavingtheabilitytoobserveapproachingasteroids,measuringtheirrespectivespeeds,and

decidingwhichonesmightposeadangertotheEarth.Therefore,there’smoretoDarthittingtheasteroidthanmeetstheeye

.Andthesearekeyareaswhereglobalscientistsneedtoworkharderinthefuture.28.WhatwasthelatestnewsaboutNASA?A.Itsnewprogramfailed.B.Itsmanned

spaceshiphitanasteroid.C.Itsspacecraftchangedanasteroid’sorbit.D.Itsspacecraftsavedtheearthfrombeingdestroyed.29.Whatcanwelearnabouttheasteroidthat

washit?A.Itwascomparativelysmallinsize.B.Itsorbitwaschangedsignificantly.C.Ittravelledatahigherspeedthanbefore.D.Itwaspowerfuleno

ughtoenddinosaurera.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardusingspacecraftstochangetheasteroidsorbits?A.Neutral.

B.Optimistic.C.Pessimistic.D.Notmentioned.【答案】28.C29.A30.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国航天局的宇宙飞船击中了小行星，并改变了其运动轨道。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“NASA’sspacecr

aftDarthitanasteroid(小行星)11.3millionkilometersawayataspeed,changingtheasteroid’sorbitandlowereditscycleperiodbyI5minutes,thespaceor

ganizationannouncedonMonday.(国际空间组于周一宣布，美国航天局宇宙飞船Dart以极快的速度击中了1130公里以外的一颗小行星，改变了它的轨道并且缩短了它的周期)”可知，飞船由于撞击小行

星，改变了小行星的运行轨道和周期。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theasteroidthatwascontrolledwasonly160metersinsize.Itscycleperiodwaschanged,withoutchangingitsorbit

significantly.ItisstillnotcleariftheorbitofamuchlargerasteroidheadedtowardtheEarthcanbechangedsuccessfully.(被控制的小行星只有160米大。它的

周期改变了，但轨道没有明显改变。目前还不清楚一颗更大的小行星朝向地球的轨道能否成功改变)”可推知，相对来说，这颗小行星比较小。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Inbrief,NASA’ssuccessinchangingthecours

eofaharmfulasteroidisdefinitelypraiseworthy,butmuchmoreneedstobedonebeforewecansaytheworld’ssecurityfromsomeunpredict

ableasteroidisguaranteed.(简而言之，NASA成功地改变了一颗有害小行星的运行轨迹，这无疑是值得称赞的，但我们还需要做更多的工作，才能保证世界免受一些不可预测的小行星的威胁)”可推知，作者对于太空

飞船改变小行星轨道是赞赏的态度。故选B。DDon’tputitoff,doitnow!Whydowespendsomuchtimenotdoingtheworkweshoulddo,orputtingoffsmalljobsthathavepileduptocreateabig

problem?Procrastinating,asputtingthingsofflikethisiscalled,isinourcharacterwehavenaturallysincebirth;weavoiddullord

ifficultjobsuntilit’stoolatetodoanythingelse.“Weoftenputthingsoffalthoughweknowitwillmakelifemorestressf

ul,”saysDr.Steel,anauthorityonthescienceofmotivation.“Ifthesetaskswerefun,we’djustdothemnow.Weputoffwhatisdifficultorunpleasant,sucha

sthepaperworkthatneedsdoingbeforeleavingtheofficeorcleaningthebitsofyourhomethatpeoplecan’tsee.Butthefactis,thelesspeopleprocrastinat

e,themoremoneytheyhave,thebetterrelationshipstheyhave,andthehealthiertheyare.”Thisisobviouswhenyoulookatthecoupleswhodon’targueab

outwhetheranyonehascleanedthekitchen,andthepeoplewhosimplygoforaruninsteadofendlesslyreschedulingitintheirheads.Ofcourse,therearetherestofus,w

hofeelthesmalljobspilinguparoundusdaily.“We’veevolvedtorespondtothemoment,andnottosetoursightstoofarinanuncertainworld,”Dr.Stee

ladds.“Wearenotsetuptoappreciatelong-termrewards,whetherit’sthebenefitofafour-yeardegree,doingexerciseordietin

g.Weusuallyfeelthecostnowandtherewardcomesmuchlater.”AccordingtoDr.Steel,wehavetwodecision-makingsystems.Theyarethelimbic,wh

ichisresponsiblefortheshortterm,andtheprefrontalcortex,whichdealswiththefuture.Webouncebetweenlong-termgoalsandshort-termtemptations,sowe

needgoalsthatwilltranslateourplansforthelimbicsystem.Let’staketheexampleofstudents’writingessays.Theyshouldsetthemselvestarget

sandwordcountsperday.Thesearethusturnedfromseeminglyendlesstasksintosomethingconcretewithmeasuredprogres

s.Dr.Steelrecommendssuchtechniques,or“pre-commitments”,addingthatleavingyouamonthbeforethe“deadline”makesitmorelikelyata

skwillbecompleted.Thebenefitisthatyou’llavoidtheembarrassmentofnotfollowinguponsomethingpeopleareexpectingyoutodo—tellinge

veryoneyouaregoingtotakeupjoggingmakesyoumorelikelytodoso.Overcomingprocrastinationfinallycomesdowntoplanning,which,if

you’renotcareful,becomesprocrastinationinitself.Butitisworthmakingsureyouhaveeverythinginplace.“Successfulpeopledon’tpretendtheydon’tpr

ocrastinate,”Dr.Steelsays.“Peoplewhopretendtheyhavewillpowerarelesssuccessful.”Instead,planforprocrasti

nation:makeyourworkenvironmentatempleofproductivitybycuttingoutwhatstopsyoupayingyourattention,soyoucanreallyfocusonmovingfor

ward.31.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutprocrastinationinParagraph1?A.Itissomethingmanypeoplecan’thelp.B.Itisanexcusepeopleoftenuseinpublic.C.Itiscau

sedbythetechnologyinpeople’slife.D.Itismorecommonwhenpeoplehavesmalljobstodo.32.Inparagraph3,Dr.Steelbelievesthatpeoplew

hoprocrastinateshould______.A.attempttoovercometheirnaturaltendenciesB.taketheadviceofothersinthesamesituationC.bea

warethattheirproblemisrelativelysmallD.findoutmoreaboutthewaytheymakedecisions33.WhydoesDr.Steelrecommendmaking“pre-commitments”inParagraph4?A.They

areanalternativetoimpossiblegoals.B.Theymakechallengesfeelmoremanageable.C.Theyareaneffectivewayofimpres

singothers.D.Theyallowpeopletoachievetheiraimssooner.34.Whatdoestheauthordobysayingtheunderlinedsentence?A.Encouragethereadertodeveloppla

nseffectively.B.Advisethereadertodealwithcomplextasksquickly.C.Warnthereaderagainstspendingtoolonggettingorganized.D.Remindthereadertotaket

hetimetofocusproperlyonatask.【答案】31.A32.A33.B34.C【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，主要介绍拖延症的影响以及处理拖延症需要注意的事项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Procrastinating,as

puttingthingsofflikethisiscalled,isinourcharacterwehavenaturallysincebirth;weavoiddullordifficultjobsuntilit’stoolatetodoanythingelse.可知

，拖延症是我们出生就在我们的性格里面的东西，我们逃避一些枯燥或者困难的事情直到太晚而什么都做不了，故可知，拖延症是很多人无法摆脱的，因为天生就有，故选A.【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“We’veevolvedtorespondtothemoment,andnottos

etoursightstoofarinanuncertainworld,”Dr.Steeladds.可知，我们进化为对当下的东西做出反应，而对未来的没有前瞻性，故可知，要克服拖延症，还必须要克服天性，故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段Thesearethusturnedfromseem

inglyendlesstasksintosomethingconcretewithmeasuredprogress.Dr.Steelrecommendssuchtechniques,or“pre-commitments”,addingthatleavingyouamonth

beforethe“deadline”makesitmorelikelyataskwillbecompleted.可知，pre-commitments就是把一些似乎无尽的任务转换成一些可以量化进步的具体事务，在截止日期前给自己一个月的时间让任务完成得可能性更高，故可知，p

re-commitments会让自己的要做的事情更可控，故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。本句意思为，最终解决拖延症落实到了计划，但是如果不小心，计划本身就会成为拖延症的一种表现，故可知，要计划，计划之后要立即落实，故作者说这句话的意义在于警告

计划不能太拖延，故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandthei

rfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeade

cision.____35____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.__

__36____Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduni

versities.____37____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachinga

ndstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowv

alueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.____38____Researchsh

owsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolo

wersuccessrates.____39____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsan

dincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeaching

avalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,e

venthoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualit

yteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimprov

eteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitieso

ftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】35.D36.F37.G38.B39.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。【35题详解】根据空前内容“It’sajoyfulandstressfult

imeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntor

ankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪

儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancourses

inhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“Howeve

r,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下

文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。【36题详解】根据空前内容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurpr

isedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”

可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教

学质量。其中“moresurprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。【37题详解】空前内容“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhighe

ronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“Theabsenceofteachingexcel

lencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemosti

mportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“Infac

t,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。【38题详解】根据空前内容“Rankings,however,

areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolm

ent(注册)orfunding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore,it’snothighl

yvaluedinhiringorpromotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故

选B。【39题详解】根据下文内容“Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources

,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,core

partofthemission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核

心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemer

ged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。【点睛】第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文

回答问题。Findingandkeepingfriendsisaskillthatcantakesometimetodevelop.Fromaroundtheageoffour,childrendevelopanund

erstandingthatotherpeoplemayhavethoughts,interestsandfeelingsthataredifferenttotheirs.Thisemergingcapacity,knownasTheoryofMind,

helpschildrenmakefriends,saysEileenKennedy-Moore,aclinicalpsychologist.“Theybecomebetteratimaginingsomeoneelse’sperspectiveandthisstimulatesmo

reintimate(亲密的)friendships.”Childrenoftenhaveapracticalviewoffriendship,formingclosebondswithpeersintheplaygroundorclassroom,s

aysKennedy-Moore.“Itisa‘lovetheoneyou’rewith’approach.”“Thethingthatkidshaveasanadvantageoveradultsisthattheyareintheroomwith25othersinth

eirstageoflife,”shesays.“Inadulthoodittakesthoughtfulefforttofindanddevelopfriendships.”Accordingtoonestudy,adultsmustspendaround50hourstogethertogof

rommereacquaintance(相识的人)toacasualfriend,90hourstogetherbeforetheyconsidereachotherasfriends,andmorethan200hourstobe

comeclosefriendswhoshareanemotionalconnection.Psychologistssaybestfriendshipscanhelpchildrenprepareforcloserelationships,i

ncludingromanticones,astheygrowup.“Bestfriendshipisreallylikefallinginlove,“saysKennedy-Moore.“Closefriendshipsin

childhoodhelpkidspracticetheskillstheyneedinintimaterelationshipsthroughouttheirlives.Theylearnaboutotherpeople,andaboutthemselves,todea

lwithfeelingslikeenvy,loneliness,andsadness.”“Ifchildrendon’ttalkaboutfriendsathome,itdoesn’tmeantheydon’thaveany,”shesays,addingthatthismaybecauseth

eypreferaquieterstyleofinteractingwithothers.Parentscanhelptheirchildrenindevelopingfriendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet-up

soutsideofschool.“Theformulais:watchthengetinvolved.”saysKennedy-Moore.“Parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentowatchwha

totherchildrenaredoing,thenencouragethemtoslideintotheactionwithoutinterrupting.”40.Whatcapacitydochildrendevelopfromaboutth

eageoffouraccordingtoKennedy-Moore?41.Whatisthedisadvantageforadultstodevelopfriendshipscomparedwithchildren?42.Pleasedecidewhic

hpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Parentscansupporttheirchildreninformingfriendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet-u

psoutsideofschoolandcorrectingthemfromtimetotime.43.Listsomeotherwaysyouusuallyusetodevelopormaintainyourfriendship.(Inabout40w

ords)【答案】40.Childrendevelopanunderstandingthatotherpeoplemayhavethoughts,interestsandfeelingsthataredif

ferenttotheirs.41.Ittakesthoughtfuleffortmoretimetofindanddevelopfriendships.42.Parentscansupporttheirchildreninforming

friendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet-upsoutsideofschoolandcorrectingthemfromtimetotime.Accordingtothepassage,parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentowatch

andslideintotheactionwithoutinterruptinginsteadofcorrectingthemfromtimetotime.43.IwilldirectlytellmyfriendsthatIwanttotalkwiththemandspendt

imewiththem.Besides,whentheyaretalking,Iwilllistentothemcarefully.Mostimportantly,IwillletthemknowthatIamtrustworthy

andthatwecanbecomecloserfriends.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Fromaroundtheag

eoffour,childrendevelopanunderstandingthatotherpeoplemayhavethoughts,interestsandfeelingsthataredifferenttotheirs.Thisemergingcapacity,knownas

TheoryofMind,helpschildrenmakefriends,saysEileenKennedy-Moore,aclinicalpsychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他

人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Chi

ldrendevelopanunderstandingthatotherpeoplemayhavethoughts,interestsandfeelingsthataredifferenttotheirs.【41题详

解】考查细节理解。根据第四段““Inadulthoodittakesthoughtfulefforttofindanddevelopfriendships.”Accordingtoonestudy,adul

tsmustspendaround50hourstogethertogofrommereacquaintancetoacasualfriend,90hourstogetherbeforetheyconsidereachotherasfriend

s,andmorethan200hourstobecomeclosefriendswhoshareanemotionalconnection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起

90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为Ittakesthoughtfuleffortmoretimetofindanddev

elopfriendships.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parentscanhelptheirchildrenindevelopingfriendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet

-upsoutsideofschool.“Theformulais:watchthengetinvolved.”saysKennedy-Moore.“Parentsshouldteachtheirchild

rentowatchwhatotherchildrenaredoing,thenencouragethemtoslideintotheactionwithoutinterrupting.”(家长可以在校

外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动

作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parentscansupporttheirchildreninformingfriendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet-upsoutsideofschoolandc

orrectingthemfromtimetotime.Accordingtothepassage,parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentowatchandslideintotheactionwithoutinterrup

tinginsteadofcorrectingthemfromtimetotime.【43题详解】开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他

们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为IwilldirectlytellmyfriendsthatIwanttotalkwiththemandspendtimewiththem.Bes

ides,whentheyaretalking,Iwilllistentothemcarefully.Mostimportantly,IwillletthemknowthatIamtrustworthyandthatwecanbec

omecloserfriends.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校组织了主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。请你用英文给英国笔友Jim写一封邮件，向他介绍该活动。内容包括：1.活动目的及形式;2.个人收获及后续计划。注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，

不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,Howareyoudoing?Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomedetailsabouttheactivity“Lovereading,Lovethinking”organ

izedbymyschool,RedStarHighSchool.Thepurposeofthisactivityistoencouragestudentstodevelopthehabitofreadingandtoenhanceourcriticalthinkinga

bilities.Theactivitiesincludebooksharingsessions,readingcontests,bookreviews,anddiscussionsonvarioustopicsrelatedtoliterature.Personally,

Ifindthisactivityverymeaningfulandinspiring.Ihavefoundthatithasbroadenedmyhorizons,enrichedmyknowledgeandstimulatedmyinterestinreading.Aftertheactivi

ty,Iplantocontinuetoreadwidelyandtosharemyinsightswithmyclassmates.Iwouldlovetohearyourthoughtsonthis.Lookingfor

wardtoyourreply.Bestregards,Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim介绍学校组织的主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。【详解】1.词汇积累活动：activity→event鼓励

：encourage→inspire提高：enhance→improve各种各样的：various→avarietyof2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomedetails

abouttheactivity“Lovereading,Lovethinking”organizedbymyschool,RedStarHighSchool.拓展句：Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomedetailsaboutthe

activity“Lovereading,Lovethinking”whichwasorganizedbymyschool,RedStarHighSchool.【点睛】【高分句型1】Iamwritingtote

llyouaboutsomedetailsabouttheactivity“Lovereading,Lovethinking”organizedbymyschool,RedStarHighSchool.(运用了过去分词作后置定语）【高分句型2】Ihavefoundthatithasbroaden

edmyhorizons,enrichedmyknowledgeandstimulatedmyinterestinreading.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)