【文档说明】天津市南开中学2020届高三上学期第一次检测英语试题含解析【精准解析】.doc，共(29)页，161.500 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-f92808c0dbc76a155cadf615246f8fb3.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

南开中学2020届高三年级第一次月检测英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题），共150分，考试用时120分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至14页，第Ⅱ卷第15页至16页。考生务必将客观题答案涂写在答题卡上，将主观题答在答题纸上。在试卷上答题无效。第Ⅰ卷(共115分)第一部分

：听力（20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.What

doesthemanthinkaboutthevacation?A.It’llbealongvacation.B.It’sonlyadream.C.It’llbegreat.2.WhatwillthewomanprobablydoonSaturdayevening?A.Goska

ting.B.Callhersister.C.Givealecture.3.Whatdoesthemansuggesttothewoman?A.Havingameeting.B.Callingonhim.C.B

uyingahouse.4.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Inamuseum.C.Inaclothingstore.5.WhatdidAliceaskthemantodo?A.B

orrowsomemagazinesforher.B.Returnsomemagazinestothelibrary.C.Givesomemagazinesbacktoher.第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15）听下面3段

材料，每段材料后有几个小题。从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段材料读两遍。听下面一段对话，

回答第6至第8小题。6.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Atarailwaystation.B.Atacoachstation.C.Atanairport.7.Howmanysuitcasesdoesthewomanhav

ealtogether?A.Three.B.Two.C.One.8.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?A.Shehasboughtareturnticket.B.Shehastakenthistr

ipbefore.C.Shehaslostonesuitcase.听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheman?A.Hehaslostinterestinjazz.B.HeworksintheStudentCen

ter.C.Heisafull-timestudent.10Whydidthemandecidenottostaywiththeband?A.Hedidn’tlikethebandleader.B.Hewastoobusytomakeit.C.Hewantedtojoinabetter

band.11.Whatsuggestiondoesthewomangivetotheman?A.Organizinganewband.B.Joininganewband.C.Givingupperforming.听下面一段独白，回答第1

2题至15小题。12.Howmanypointsdoesamisspelledwordcost?A.2points.B.3points.C.5points.13.WhatarethestudentsgoingtodoonFriday?A.Readashortstory.B.Tak

eamajortest.C.Writeanessay.14.Whenwasthislecturegiven?A.OnMonday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnFriday.15.Whatisthetalkabout?A

.Therulesofthewritingcompetition.B.Therulesofthecompositioncourse.C.Theappointmentswiththespeaker.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分4

5分）第一节、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合空白处的最佳选项。1.—Guesswhat?IhavewonthefirstprizeintheschoolEnglishcompet

ition!—______.IknowyouwerenotgoodatEnglish.Youmusthavemadegreatefforts!A.Youdon’tsayB.I’mwithyouonthatC.WishyougoodluckD.Yougotit【答案】A

【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——猜怎么着？我在学校英语竞赛中得了第一名！——真想不到。我知道你不擅长英语。你一定很努力了！A.Youdon’tsay真想不到；B.I’mwithyouonthat我同意你的看法；C.Wishyougoodluc

k祝你好运；D.Yougotit给你啦，你知道该怎么做的。根据IknowyouwerenotgoodatEnglish.可知此处表示说话者对前一个说话者说的内容感到惊讶。故选A项。2.Theanimationfilm,NeZha,hasbeenwelcomedbyChineseaudi

ence,becauseithas______arangeofelements,fromPekingOperaandLunarNewYearpaintingstoChineseanimationtechniques.A.imaginedB.inventedC.appl

iedD.abandoned【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：动画哪吒深受中国观众喜爱，因为它应用了大量中国元素：从京剧、年画到中国动画技术。A.imagined想象；B.invented创造；C.appl

ied应用，实施；D.abandoned抛弃，离弃。根据arangeofelements可知此处表示应用，故选C项。3.—Couldyoutellmethe______ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowthedirectionsint

hecookbook.A.trickB.featureC.technologyD.fashion【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你能告诉我做出这么好吃蛋糕的窍门吗？——我就是按烹饪手册上的方法做的。A.trick窍门，

花招，欺诈；B.feature特征，容貌；C.technology工艺，技术；D.fashion时尚。根据makingsuchtastycakes可知此处表示做蛋糕的窍门。故选A项。4.Mostpeo

plequit________anyresultsappear;theygiveuptoosoonandaquitterneverwins.A.whileB.untilC.sinceD.before【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：大多数人在任何结

果出现之前就放弃了;他们放弃得太早，放弃的人永远不会成功。A.while当……时候；B.until直到……C.since自从……以来；D.before在……之前。由下文的theygiveuptoosoon太快放弃可知，大多数人是

在结果出现之前就放弃了。故选D。5.Thenewlybuiltcafe,________wallsarepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.A.thatB.its

C.whoseD.which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：刚建成的咖啡馆，他的墙面是淡绿色的。这个咖啡馆对于我们来说尤其是上班累了一天我们来说，真是一个平静的场所。先行词是名词café，在定语从句中作定语，表示咖啡馆的墙，用关系代

词whose。故选C。6.Asisestimated,morethan20millionsharedbikes______intooperationnationwideby2025.A.willhavebeenputB.willhavep

utC.havebeenputD.willbeputting【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：据估计，到2025年为止，全国将有2000多万辆共享单车投入运营。根据by2025可知应用将来完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应为

将来完成时的被动语态。故选A。7.—Excuseme,butwhyamInotallowedtousethegym?—______,butyourroompricedoesn'tcoverit.A.Neverdoi

tagainB.It’shardtosayC.NooffenceD.Forgetit【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——对不起，为什么不让我用健身室？——我无意冒犯您，但您的房价里不含健身室使用费。A.Neverdoitagain再

来一遍，再来一次；B.It’shardtosay很难说；C.Nooffence无意冒犯；D.Forgetit不必在意，休想。根据butyourroompricedoesn'tcoverit可知此处表示委婉语气回复问话人。故选C项。8.Travelingbysubw

ay______sometimesbequiteanadventure,especiallyduringtherushhour.A.mustB.canC.shallD.should【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：乘地铁旅行有时可能相

当冒险，尤其是在交通高峰期。A.must必须；一定；B.can能够；可能；C.shall将会；D.should应该；应当。本句中can表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力），故选B。9.Overthepast10years,Huaweihasinvested

atotalof4billionU.S.dollarsin5G,______italeaderin5Gchips,productsandnetworks.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.made【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去

十年里，华为投资四十亿美元开放5G，成为了5G芯片、产品和网络的领导者。根据italeader…可知此处要用现在分词作结果状语，making现在分词表示主动动作，在此是作结果状语。故选A项。【点睛】本题考查了

现在分词作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语，结果状语的位置通常只能在句未，表示谓语动作所产生的结果。如：AterribleearthquakehappenedinChinain2008,causingthousandsofdeaths.2008年中国发生了一场大地震，造成了上万人死亡。Thetea

cherpassedawaymakingallthestudentsverysad.老师去世了，这使得所有学生非常难过。10.Helikedthelovelydogsomuchthathe______thebookhewasreadingandplayedwithiti

mmediately.A.madeoutB.tookbackC.turneddownD.setaside【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他非常喜欢这只可爱的狗，所以他把正在读的书放在一边，马上和它玩。A.madeout理解，辨认出；B.tookback拿回，撤消；C

.turneddown减小，关小，调低；D.setaside放置一旁，搁置，留出。根据…andplayedwithitimmediately可知此处表示把书放一边。故选D项。11.Usuallytheremightbealotofaccidentsintheheavyfog.Ihappenedto

witness_______thismorning.A.itB.thoseC.oneD.that【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查替代。句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上句提到的

＂一起交通事故＂，故用one代替。即C项正确。12.WeshouldimproveourabilitytoengageininternationalcommunicationsoastotellChina’sstorywellandmakethevoiceofChina___

___.A.hearingB.heardC.havingheardD.tohear【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该提高参与国际交流的能力，把中国的故事讲好，让中国的声音被听到。短语makesth.

done使某事被….，thevoiceofChina与hear之间是被动关系，此处要用过去分词作宾补。故选B项。13.Despitetheobviousprivacyconcerns,theuseoffacial-recognitiontec

hnologyis________atsomepublicplaces.A.outofdangerB.ontherunC.outofsightD.ontherise【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管存在明显的隐私问题，但面部识别技术的使用

在一些公共场所正在兴起。A.outofdanger脱离危险；B.ontherun在逃；奔波；C.outofsight看不见；D.ontherise增长。根据连词despite“尽管；虽然”可知下文的内容与上文形成对比。再根据句意，故选D。14.Theonlyproble

mwas______wekeptgettinglost!ButpeopleinTianjinwereveryfriendlyandhelpful.A.thatB.whyC.whetherD.what【答案】A【解

析】【详解】考查连接接词辨析。句意：唯一的问题是我们总是迷路！但是天津人非常友好，乐于助人。A.that名词性从句连接词；B.why为什么；C.whether是否；D.what什么。根据系动词was可知此

处是that引导的表语从句，表语从句中that只起连接作用，没有含义。故选A项。15.Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.OtherwiseI________thismistakeatthemoment.A.didn

’tmakeB.wouldn’tmakeC.hadn’tmakeD.wouldn’thavemade【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我后悔没有采纳你的意见。否则，我不会现在犯这么多错误。Otherwise表示“否则”，隐含一种条件在里面，现在这“条件”是不真

实的，用虚拟语气；主句中atthemoment表示现在，对现在的虚拟用would+动词原形，故选B。第二节、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从所给的四个选项（A、B、

C和D）中，先出最佳选项。Someteachersseemtobebadteachers,buttheyarenot.Takemyfootballcoachforexample.Oneday,weweredoingsome___16___practicingcatchingthefootba

ll.HethrewmeapassandIdroppedit.Hestarted___17___me.Iwentbackinline,___18___.Myfriendwasupnext.Hedroppedit,too.Butth

ecoachsaidnothing.Annoyed,Iwhispered,“Why___19___againstme?”Afterpracticehecame___20___tomeandtoldmethe

reasonheshoutedatme___21___theotherguywasthatheexpectedmoreoutofme.Ifhe___22___mymistakes,itmeanthehad

quitonme.Anotherteacher___23___mymemorywasmyPhDsupervisor,KenCrowe.Hehada(n)___24___formakinggrownmencrywhentheydisappointe

dhim,butIwas___25___bythetopichewasworkingon.Hegavemea(n)___26___:tofigureoutwhatcausedmuons(介子)togetdepolarized(去极化)inliquids.AfteraweekIcame

toKen’sofficetotellhimaboutit.Helistenedforafewminutesandthen___27___“Youhavenoideawhatyou’retalkingabout!Getoutanddon’tcome

backuntilyoudo!”NowIwasstartingtoget___28___,complainingabouthimascold-hearted.Determinedtochangehisattitudeand___29___morereleva

ntknowledge,Ireallygotintoit.___30___,Iunderstooditsowellthattothisdayitismymostproud___31___.ThenIwentbacktot

ellKenwhatIhadfiguredout.Againheinterruptedmeafewminutesintomy___32___,butIcarriedon.WhenIfinished,hepraisedmefordoingsomeveryorig

inalresearch.Fromthatdayforward,hesupportedandpromotedme___33___webecamegreatfriendsandrespectedcolleagues.Sodon’te

vercomplainaboutyour“___34___”teachers.Theymay___35___youtomakegreaterachievementyouwillbeproudofdec

adeslater.16.A.runningB.drillsC.operationsD.actions17.A.yellingatB.sendingforC.gettingridofD.jokingwith18.A.amazedB.encouragedC.frightenedD.

embarrassed19.A.debateB.discriminateC.decideD.defend20.A.inB.acrossC.overD.away21.A.otherthanB.morethanC.lessthanD.ratherth

an22.A.overlookedB.blamedC.resistedD.exposed23.A.erasingB.strengtheningC.joggingD.changing24.A.reputationB.referenceC.concernD.pr

eference25.A.astonishedB.puzzledC.disturbedD.fascinated26.A.principleB.assignmentC.rewardD.award27.A.setoutB.settledownC.cutinD.car

riedon28.A.relaxedB.contentC.comfortableD.mad29.A.acquireB.acknowledgeC.spreadD.address30.A.SuddenlyB.EventuallyC.GraduallyD.Purposefu

lly31.A.accomplishmentB.establishmentC.developmentD.commitment32.A.enquiryB.presentationC.scheduleD.conference33.A.al

thoughB.asC.beforeD.until34.A.tolerantB.considerateC.meanD.kind35.A.permitB.botherC.inspireD.discourage【答案

】16.B17.A18.D19.B20.C21.D22.A23.C24.A25.D26.B27.C28.D29.A30.B31.A32.B33.D34.C35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。有些老师表面上似乎是坏老师，但其实不是

。作者在文章中介绍了曾经对自己看似刻薄其实是很认真负责的两位老师说明了永远不要抱怨你的“刻薄”老师。他们可能会激励你取得更大的成就，几十年后你会感到自豪。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我们正在做一些操练练

习接住足球。A.running跑步；B.drills操练；C.operations运营，运作；D.actions行动，动作。根据practicingcatchingthefootball可知此处表示操练之意。故选B。【17题

详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他开始对我大声喊叫。A.yellingat叫喊；B.sendingfor派送给…；C.gettingridof除去，摆脱；D.jokingwith和…开玩笑。根据下文中heshoutedatme可知此处表示教练对我大声喊叫。故选A。【18题详解】考

查形容词词义辨析。句意：我尴尬地回到队伍里。A.amazed吃惊的，惊讶的；B.encouraged受到鼓舞的；C.frightened害怕的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文HethrewmeapassandIdroppedit.可知此处表示我

是尴尬的。故选D。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很生气，低声说：“为什么要歧视我？”A.debate辩论；B.discriminate歧视，区别；C.decide决定；D.defend保卫，辩护。根

据Annoyed可知我对教练的行为不满，因此觉得他歧视我。故选B。【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：训练结束后，他走到我身边，告诉我他之所以对我而不是对别人大喊大叫，是因为他对我期望更高。A.in在…里面；B.across穿过，在…对面，遍及；C

.over在......上面，穿越；D.away离去，离开。根据toldmethereasonheshoutedatme6theotherguywasthatheexpectedmoreoutofme可知，短语comeover“走过

来。”符合句意。故选C。【21题详解】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：训练结束后，他走到我身边，告诉我他之所以对我而不是对别人大声喊叫，是因为他对我期望更高。A.otherthan除了，不同于；B.morethan多于，超过；C.lessthan

少于；D.ratherthan而不是。根据heshoutedatme和theotherguy是转折对比关系。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他忽略了我的错误，那就意味着他放弃了我。A.overlooked忽略，不理会；B.blamed责备；C.resis

ted反抗；D.exposed暴露。根据itmeanthehadquitonme可知此处表示忽略之意。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一位唤醒我记忆的老师是我的博士导师肯·克罗。A.erasing取消，清除；B.strengthening增强；C.jogging唤起，慢跑；D

.changing改变。根据mymemory可知此处表示唤起了我对他的记忆。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他有个差的名声，因为当学生让他失望时他会让他们哭，但我对他正在研究的课题很感兴趣。A.re

putation名声；B.reference参考，参照；C.concern担心，忧虑；D.preference偏爱，偏好。根据formakinggrownmencrywhentheydisappointedhim可知此处表示他因为这样所以名声差。故选A。【25题详

解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他有个差的名声，因为当学生让他失望时他会让他们哭，但我对他正在研究的课题很感兴趣。A.astonished吃惊；B.puzzled使困惑；C.disturbed干扰；D.fascinate

d吸引。根据下文AfteraweekIcametoKen’sofficetotellhimaboutit，可知此处表示我对他研究的课题感兴趣。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给了我一个任务：找出是

什么导致了介子在液体中去极化。A.principle原则，原理；B.assignment任务；C.reward奖赏，报酬；D.award奖，增加。根据下文中tofigureout可知此处表示他给我的任务。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他听了几分钟，然后插

嘴说：“你根本不知道你在说什么！滚出去，做不到你就别回来！”A.setout出发，开始；B.settledown定居，安定下来，专心于；C.cutin插嘴，超车；D.carriedon参与，继续。根据下文中Again

heinterruptedmeafewminutes…可知此处表示他插嘴打断了我的话。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我开始发疯了，抱怨他冷酷无情。A.relaxed轻松的；B.content满意的；C.comfortable舒

服的；D.mad疯狂的。根据complainingabouthimascold-hearted可知此处表示我要气疯了。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心要改变他的态度，学习更多相关的知识，并且我真的投入进去了。A.acquire获得；B.ac

knowledge知识；C.spread传播，散布，展开；D.address写地址。根据morerelevantknowledge可知此处表示获得更多相关的知识。故选A。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我对它理解得如此透彻，以

至于直到今天，这仍然是我最自豪的成就。A.Suddenly突然地；B.Eventually最终，最后；C.Gradually逐渐地；D.Purposefully有目的地。根据Iunderstooditsowellthattothisday…可知这是最终

的结果。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，我对它理解得如此透彻，以至于直到今天，这仍然是我最自豪的成就。A.accomplishment完成，成就；B.establishment确立，制定；C.development发展；D.commitment承诺，保证。根据Iundersto

oditsowellthattothisday可知此处表示我理解它透彻是我最自豪的成就。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的介绍刚开始几分钟，他又一次打断了我，但我继续讲下去。A.enquiry询问；B.presentation介绍，展示，描述；C.schedule时间表；D.con

ference会议。根据下文WhenIfinished,hepraisedmefordoingsomeveryoriginalresearch.可知此处表示我在介绍。故选B。【33题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，他一直支持我，提拔我

，直到我们成为了好朋友，成为了受人尊敬的同事。A.although尽管；B.as像，如同；C.before在之前；D.until直到.......才......。根据Fromthatdayforward可知，此处表示他一直支持我，提拔我，直到我们成

为了好朋友，成为了受人尊敬的同事。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以永远不要抱怨你的“刻薄”老师。A.tolerant宽容的，容忍的；B.considerate体贴的；C.mean吝啬的，卑

鄙的；D.kind和蔼的。根据上文中complainingabouthimascold-hearted可知我曾经认为他是冷酷无情，刻薄的老师。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可能会激励你取得更大的成就，几十年后你会感到自

豪。A.permit允许；B.bother干扰；C.inspire激励，鼓舞；D.discourage阻止，使泄气，使气馁。根据tomakegreaterachievement可知此处表示他们会激励你取得更大的成就。故选C。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根

据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第2小题要求判断教练当时的行为，根据下文中heshoutedatme可知此处表示教练对我大喊大叫。故选A项。第12小题要求判断老师当时做

了什么，根据下文中Againheinterruptedmeafewminutes…可知此处表示他插嘴打断了我的话。故选C项。第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B

、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AChoosingamajor,whichisthespecializedareaofyourcollegestudy,canbeoverwhelming.Buthavenofear!Yourcho

iceofmajorwillnotlockyouintoaspecificcareerfortherestofyourlife.Andthemajoryouchoosewillneitherpredictnorg

uaranteeyourfuture.Considerthesefactorswhenpickingyourmajor.CareerPrepChooseamajorbecauseitwillprepareyoufor

aspecificcareerpathoradvancedstudy.Maybeyoualreadyknowthatyouwanttobeanurse,adaytrader,orawebdeveloper.Beforeyoudeclare,takeaclassortwointherelev

antdiscipline,checkoutthesyllabusforanadvancedseminar,andtalktostudentsinthedepartmentofyourchoice.Makesureyou’

rereadyforthecourseworkrequiredforthecareerofyourdreams.EarningPotentialFutureearningpotentialisworthconsidering—collegeisabiginvestm

ent,andwhilecollegecanpayyoubackinmanywaysbeyondsalary,thiscanbeamajorfactorforstudentswhoarepayingtheirownwayortakingoutloans.Acco

rdingtoPayScale.com,themajorsthatleadtothehighestsalariesincludejustaboutanytypeofengineering,actuari

almathematics,computerscience,physics,government,andeconomics.Keepyourqualityoflifeinmind,too—thatsixfiguresalarymaynotbeworth

itifyou'renothappyattheoffice.SubjectsYouLoveSomestudentschooseamajorsimplybecausetheylovethesubjectmatter.Ifyoulove

whatyou'restudying,you'remorelikelytofullyengagewithyourclassesandcollegeexperience,andthatcanmeanbettergradesandgreatrelationshipswithothersiny

ourfield.Ifyourcallingisphilosophy,don'twriteitoffjustbecauseyou'renotsureaboutgraduateschool,orwhatthejobmarketho

ldsforphilosophers.Manyliberalartsmajorsprovidestudentswithcriticalthinkingskillsandwritingabilitiesthatarehighlyvaluedbyemployers.Undecided?Explore

yourinterests.Ifyoutrulyhavenoideawhatyouwanttostudy,that'sokay—manyschoolsdon'trequirestudentstodeclareamajoruntilyouareasecond-yearstudent.Tha

tgivesyoufoursemesterstoplaythefield.Exploringyourinterestswillhelpyoufindyourbestfitmajor—andmaybeevenyouridealcareer.36

.Youdon’tneedtofeelfearfulwhenchoosingyourmajorbecause______.A.yourmajorhascompletelynothingtodowithyourfutu

reB.youarenotlimitedtoonlyoneparticularcareerforyourwholelifeC.changingcareerfieldsareunavoidableinyourli

feD.youonlyspendalittletimeonwhateversubjectyouchoose37.Theunderlinedworddisciplineisclosestinmeaningto______.

A.fieldB.ruleC.theoryD.knowledge38.WhatdowelearnaboutfromPara.3?A.Yourcollegeinvestmentwillbeallgivenbacktoyouintheformofhighs

alary.B.Futurecareerearningisviewedasthetopconcernformostcollegestudents.C.Highsalarywillnotbeworthwhileatthecostofyourunhappyofficework.

D.Ifyouchooseengineering-relatedmajors,youaresuretoearnhighsalary.39.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Youareadvisedtochooseliberalartsmajorsfo

rwhatareprovided.B.Worsegradesresultfrompoorrelationshipswithothersincollege.C.Employerslikeliberalartsmajorsmorethansciencemajorsi

njobmarket.D.Somestudentsdon’tnecessarilyneedtodecidetheirchoicesofmajorsuponenteringcollege.40.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.W

hyisitdifficulttochooseamajor.B.Whatinfluencesyourchoiceofamajor.C.Howcanamajoraffectyourcareer.D.Whenshouldyoudecideyourm

ajor.【答案】36.B37.A38.C39.D40.B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在选择专业时考虑的一些因素：职业准备、收入潜力、你爱的科目、探索你的兴趣。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Buthavenofear!You

rchoiceofmajorwillnotlockyouintoaspecificcareerfortherestofyourlife.但是不要害怕！你所选择的专业不会把你的余生困在一个特定的职业中。可知，当你选择专业的时候，你不需要感

到害怕，因为你的一生不局限于一个特定的职业。故选B项。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中划线词所在句Beforeyoudeclare,takeaclassortwointherelevantdiscipline,checkoutthesyllabusforanadvancedseminar,a

ndtalktostudentsinthedepartmentofyourchoice.在你宣布之前，选修一到两门相关_______的课程，查看高级研讨班的教学大纲，并与你所选系的学生交谈。由选修相关的课程，可以猜测discipline意为“领域，学科”。故

选A项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Keepyourqualityoflifeinmind,too—thatsixfiguresalarymaynotbeworthitifyou'renothappyattheoffice.还要记住你的生活质量——如果你在工作中不开心，即使六位数的

薪水也不值得。可知，以你不愉快的办公室工作为代价，高薪是不值得的。故选C项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ifyoutrulyhavenoideawhatyouwanttostudy,that'sokay—manyschoolsdon

'trequirestudentstodeclareamajoruntilyouareasecond-yearstudent.如果你真的不知道自己想学什么，没关系——很多学校不要求学生在二年级之前申报专业。由此判断出，一些学生在进入大学时

不一定要决定他们的专业选择。故选D项。【40题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段最后一句Considerthesefactorswhenpickingyourmajor.考虑这些影响你选择专业的因素。可知，本文主要介绍了影响你选择专业的因素，也就是什么影响了你对专业的选择

。故选B项。BEveryyearmigratory（迁徙的）batstravelfromMexicotoBrackenCave,wheretheyspendthesummerconsuminginsectsthatwouldotherwise

hungrilyeatcommonfoodcrops.Butthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydidtwodecadesago.Inastudy,scientistsatRo

thamstedResearch,usedradardatafrom160U.S.weatherstationstoanalyzeactivityintheTexasbatcolonyfrom1995through201

7.TheydiscoveredthecreatureswereleavingtheirwinterquartersinMexicoearlierandreproducingsooner.Theywerealsoastonishedtofindincreasingnumbersofbatso

verwintering（过冬）atBrackenCaveinsteadofheadingbacktotheircoldweatherquartersinMexico.Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertempera

tureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.AseparatestudyofmigratorybatsinIndiana,publishedlastyear,

foundthattemperaturevariationsaffectedarrivalanddeparturetimes-likewisehintingatthepotentialinfluenceofclima

techange.JoyO'Keefe,abiologyprofessorandco-authorofthatstudy,saysearlyarrivalattheirsummerhabitatscouldexposethesebatstocoldsnaps（寒流）,andthe

ycouldfreezetodeath.JoyO’Keefeandhercolleaguesalsofoundthatchangingbatmigrationtimescanalsoclashwithrainfallpatterns.Manyinsec

tsthatbatseatbreedinseasonallakesandpuddles.Ifthebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsects,the

ymaystruggletofeedtheirpups（幼崽）orskipreproductionaltogether,O’Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidweste

rnbatstodecreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsforhumans.“Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess,

”shesays,addingthatbatsalso“controlsignificantdiseasevectors,suchasmosquitoes.”However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealo

neiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonytomigrateearlier.Theyhavefoundadirectlinkbetweenseasonaltemperaturesandbirdmigration,butbatsarealsoinf

luencedbyfactorssuchaschangesinwindspeedanddirection.Andthereareothercomplications.“Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredi

fficulttoobserveandtrack,”Stepaniansays.“Wehavethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittoth

ecauseisthenextstep.”41.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Bats’habitantsB.EndangeredbatsC.Bats’migrationD.Bats,ourgoodfriends4

2.ScientistsatRothamstedResearchfoundthat______.A.batspreferheadingbacktoMexicoB.batsdelaytheirreproductionC.warmingaffectsbatmigrati

onD.radarcanbeusedtoobservebats43.JoyO’Keefediscoveredthat______.A.batsareusedtolivinginrainfallseasonsB.bats’earlierm

igrationmightharmfarmingC.insects'reproductionhelpstospreaddiseaseD.insectsshortagemakesbatsreproduceearlier44.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyreferto?A

.Insects.B.migrationtimes.C.Bats.D.lakesandpuddles.45.Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?A.Windspeedanddirectionaffectbats.B.Iti

sdifficulttoobserveandtrackbats.C.Climatechangemakesbatsmigrateearlier.D.Furtherresearchonthecauseisnecessary.【答案】41.C42.C43.B44.C45.D【解析】【分析】这

是一篇说明文。作者介绍了蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中EveryyearmigratorybatstravelfromMexicotoBrackenCave,wheret

heyspendthesummerconsuminginsectsthatwouldotherwisehungrilyeatcommonfoodcrops.每年，迁徙的蝙蝠都会从墨西哥迁徙到布兰肯洞穴，在那里度过一个夏天

，捕食昆虫，否则这些昆虫就会贪婪地吃掉常见的粮食作物。可知，文章先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，再通读全文，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。所以短文的最佳标题是“蝙蝠的迁徙”。故选C项。【42题详解】细节理解题

。根据第二段中最后一句话Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhi

llipStepaniansays.罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普·斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志。可知，洛桑研究中心的科学家发现，气候变暖影响蝙蝠迁徙。故选C项。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Ifthebatsarrivetooearlytobene

fitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsects,theymaystruggletofeedtheirpups（幼崽）orskipreproductionaltogether,…“Declinesinbatpopula

tionscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess,”shesays,…奥基夫说，如果蝙蝠来得太早，无法从夏季的降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中受益，它们可能难以喂养幼仔，或者干脆不进行繁殖。…

…她说：“蝙蝠数量的减少可能会对作物的收成产生严重影响。”……可知，蝙蝠迁徒时间的改变也会与降雨模式发生冲突，蝙蝠以季节性繁殖的昆虫为食，而他们过早地迁徙会导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙

蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。故选B项。【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线词所在句JoyO'Keefe,abiologyprofessorandco-authorofthatstudy,saysearlyarrivalattheirsummerhabitats

couldexposethesebatstocoldsnaps（寒流）,andtheycouldfreezetodeath.生物学教授、该研究的合著者乔伊·奥基夫(JoyO’keefe)说，提早到达它们的夏季栖息地可能会让这

些蝙蝠遭遇寒潮，它们可能会冻死。由couldexposethesebatstocoldsnaps可以猜测代词they指代的是bats（蝙蝠）。故选C项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中可知，科学家们不确定仅仅是气候变化导致蝙蝠迁徙提前，蝙

蝠还受到风速和风向等因素的影响。根据最后一句话“Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredifficulttoobserveandtrack,”

Stepaniansays.“Wehavethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthenextstep.”可知，蝙蝠是一种神秘的小动物，它们大多在夜间活动，很难被

观察和追踪。“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的认识，但真正将其与原因联系起来是下一步的事。由此判断出对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选D项。【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、

特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句

的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。例如，在第4小题中，they指代什么，要根据第三段中划线词所在句JoyO'Keefe,abiologyprofessorandco-authorof

thatstudy,saysearlyarrivalattheirsummerhabitatscouldexposethesebatstocoldsnaps（寒流）,andtheycouldfreezetodeath.生物学教授、该

研究的合著者乔伊·奥基夫(JoyO’keefe)说，提早到达它们的夏季栖息地可能会让这些蝙蝠遭遇寒潮，它们可能会冻死。由couldexposethesebatstocoldsnaps可以猜测代词they指代的是bats（蝙蝠）。故选C项。C

Sometimesjustwhenweneedthepowerofmiracles,theyariseintheplaceswewouldleastexpect.OnacoldJanuaryafternoonin1989,IwasclimbingEgypt’sMt.Horeb,hop

ingtogettothepeakbysunsettoseethevalleybelow.AsIwaswindingupthenarrowpath,I’dsometimesseeotherhikerswhower

ecomingdown.Whiletheywouldgenerallypasswithsimplyanodoragreetinginanotherlanguage,therewasonemanwhodidneither.Isawhimcom

ingandashegotcloser,Icouldseethat,unlikeotherhikers,hewaswearingtraditionalEgyptiangalabia(长袍).Whatmadehisappearancesostrangewasthatthemand

idn’tevenappeartobeEgyptian,butwasasmall-framedAsianmanwithlittlehairandroundglasses.Aswenearedoneanot

her,IsaidHello,butnotasoundcamefromhim.Ithoughtmaybehehadn’theardme.Suddenlyhestoppeddirectlyinfrontofme,lookedupfromtheground,andspokeasinglesent

encetomeinEnglish,“Sometimesyoudon’tknowwhatyouhavelostuntilyou’velostit.”AsItookinwhatIhadjustheard,hesimplysteppedaroundmeandcontinuedhisgoingdown.

Thatmomentinmylifewasasmallmiracle.Thereasonislessaboutwhatthemansaidbutmoreaboutthetimingandthecontext.Theyearwas1989,anditwasduringmyEgyptian

pilgrimage(朝圣),andspecificallyduringmyhiketoMt.Horeb,thatI’dsetthetimeasidetomakedecisionsthatwouldaffectmycareer,myfriends,

myfamily,andultimately,mylife.IhadtoaskmyselfwhatthechanceswereofanAsianmandressedinanEgyptiangalabiacomingd

ownfromthetopofthishistoricmountainjustwhenIwaswalkingup,stoppingbeforeme,andofferinghiswisdom,seeminglyfromoutofnow

here.Myanswertomyownquestionwaseasy:nearlynochance!Inameetthatlastedlessthantwominutes,atotalstrangerhadbroughtsomethingclearandsometh

ingofawarning,regardingthehugechangesthatIwouldmakewithinamatterofdays.Inmywayofthinking,that’samiracle.Miraclesareeverywhereandoccureverydayf

ordifferentreasons,inresponsetothedifferentneedsthatwemayhaveinthemoment.Ourjobmaybelessaboutquestioningtheextraordinarything

sthathappeninourdailylivesandmoreaboutacceptingthegiftstheybring.46.BeforetheAsianmanspoke,howdidtheauthorthinkabouthim?A.Hewasveryrudeandstra

nge.B.Hewasdifferentfromothers.C.Hewasshyandnodtostrangers.D.Helookedordinaryandwastalkative.47.Whydidtheauthorma

keapilgrimagetoMtHorebinEgypt?A.Hewasinsearchofamiracleinhislife.B.Itwasaplaceforareligiouspersontoheadfor.C.Heintendedtomakea

rrangementsforhisfuturelife.D.Hewaitedpatientlyinexpectationofmeetingawiseperson.48.Whatdoestheunderli

nedpart“myownquestion”refertoinparagraph6?A.Forwhatreasondidthemanstopbeforeme?B.WhydidtheAsianmangot

othemountain?C.WhatchangewouldImakewithinamatterofdays?D.Whatwastheprobabilitythatotherstoldustherightwords?49.W

hydidtheauthorviewthemeetwiththeAsianmanasamiracleinhislife?A.BecausetheAsianman’sappearancehadadecidingeffectonhisfuturelife

.B.Becausehiswordswereinperfectresponsetotheneedhehadatthatmoment.C.BecausewhattheAsianmansaidwasmeaningfulint

hephilosophyoflife.D.BecausetheAsianmanimpressedonhimtheworthofwhathehadpossessed.50.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Canyourecogniz

eamiracle?B.Isamiraclesignificanttous?C.Whenmightamiracleoccur?D.Whydoweneedamiracle?【答案】46.B47.C48.D49.B50.A【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作

者以自己的亲身经历论述了“正当我们需要奇迹的力量时，奇迹却出现在我们最意想不到的地方”的故事。这个故事告诉我们奇迹无处不在，每天都在发生，因为不同的原因，为了回应我们此刻不同的需求。我们的工作可能不是质疑日常生

活中发生的不寻常的事情，而是接受它们带来的礼物。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Isawhimcomingandashegotcloser,Icouldseethat,unlikeotherhikers,hewaswearingtraditio

nalEgyptiangalabia(长袍).我看到他走过来，当他走近时，我可以看到，和其他徒步旅行者不同，他穿着传统的埃及长袍。可知，在那个亚洲人说话之前，作者认为他和其他人不一样。故选B项。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中…thatI’dsetth

etimeasidetomakedecisionsthatwouldaffectmycareer,myfriends,myfamily,andultimately,mylife.……我抽出时间来做一些决定，这些决定将影响我的职业生涯、我的朋友、我的家人，最终，还有我的生活。可知，作者朝圣的目的

是为他未来的生活做安排。故选C项。【48题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词组上一句中的IhadtoaskmyselfwhatthechanceswereofanAsianmandressed...andofferinghiswisdom,

seeminglyfromoutofnowhere.我不得不问自己，一个穿着埃及加拉比亚长袍的亚洲人从这座历史名山的山顶下来的几率有多大，就在我走上去的时候，他停在了我面前，似乎不知从什么地方冒出来，给了我智慧。及

划线词组所在句中nearlynochance!几乎没有机会！可知，“我的问题”是指他人告诉我们真理的可能性是多少。故选D项。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中Thatmomentinmylifewasasmallmiracle.Thereasonislessaboutwhatth

emansaidbutmoreaboutthetimingandthecontext.…那一刻在我的生命中是一个小小的奇迹。原因不在于他说了什么，而在于时间和背景……可知，原因并非他说了什么，而是他说这话的时机以及当时我所处的背景。由此判断出为什么作者认为与亚洲人的相遇是他生命中的奇迹是因

为他的话完全符合他当时的需要。故选B项。【50题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者以自己的亲身经历论述了“正当我们需要奇迹的力量时，奇迹却出现在我们最意想不到的地方”的故事。这个故事告诉我们奇迹无处不在，每天都在发生，因为不同的原因，为了回应我们此刻不同的需求。我们的工作可能不是质疑日常生活中

发生的不寻常的事情，而是接受它们带来的礼物。所以短文的最佳标题为“你能认出奇迹吗?”。故选A项。DProsocialbehaviorsarethoseintendedtohelpotherpeople.Behaviorsthatcanb

edescribedasprosocialincludefeelingempathy(同感)andconcernforothersandbehavinginwaystohelporbenefitotherpeople.Prosoci

albehaviorhaslongposedachallengetosocialscientistsseekingtounderstandwhypeopleengageinhelpingbehaviorsthatarebeneficialtoothers,butcostlytotheindi

vidualperformingtheaction.Whywouldpeopledosomethingthatbenefitssomeoneelsebutoffersnoimmediatebenefittothedoer?Psychol

ogistssuggestthatthereareanumberofreasonswhypeopleengageinprosocialbehavior.Inmanycases,suchbehaviorsare

fosteredduringchildhoodandadolescenceasadultsencouragechildrentoshare,actkindly,andhelpothers.Prosocialbehaviorsareoftenseenasbeingcompelledbyanumbe

roffactorsincludingegoisticreasons(doingthingstoimproveone'sself-image),reciprocalbenefits(doingsomethingniceforsomeonesothatthey

mayonedayreturnthefavor),andmorealtruisticreasons(performingactionspurelyoutofempathyforanotherindividual)

.Characteristicsofthesituationcanalsohaveapowerfulimpactonwhetherornotpeopleengageinprosocialactions.Forexample,ifyoudropyourpurseandseveralitemsf

alloutontheground,thelikelihoodthatsomeonewillstopandhelpyoudecreasesiftherearemanyotherpeoplepresent.Thissamesorto

fthingcanhappenincaseswheresomeoneisinseriousdanger,suchaswhensomeoneisinvolvedinacaraccident.Insomecases,witnessesmightass

umethatsincetherearesomanyotherpresent,someoneelsewillhavesurelyalreadycalledforhelp.Alltheexamplesarewhatwecallthebystandereffect,thetenden

cyforpeopletobecomelesslikelytoassistapersonindistresswhenthereareanumberofotherpeoplealsopresent.Whydopeoplehelpinsomesituations

butnotinothers?Expertshavediscoveredanumberofdifferentsituationalvariablesthatcontributeto(andsometimesinterferewith)prosoc

ialbehaviors.First,themorepeoplethatarepresentdecreasestheamountofpersonalresponsibilitypeoplefeelinasituation.Peoplealsotendtolooktoothersf

orhowtorespondinsuchsituations,particularlyiftheeventcontainssomelevelofambiguity.Fearofbeingjudgedbyothermembersofthegroupalsopla

ysarole.Peoplesometimesfearleapingtoassistance,onlytodiscoverthattheirhelpwasunwantedorunwarranted.Inordertoa

voidbeingjudgedbyotherbystanders,peoplesimplytakenoaction.Expertshavesuggestedthatsomekeythingsmusthappeninorderforapersontotakeaction.51.Wh

atcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Socialscientistsfeelithardtounderstandwhyhelpingbehaviorsexist.B.Helpingbehaviorsarecostlytopeoplewhoreceivetheact

ion.C.Socialscientistshavebeenresearchingonprosocialbehaviorforquitelong.D.Itisquitechallengingforpeopletoperformhelpingbehaviors.52.Prosocialbehavio

rsaremotivatedforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.A.empathyforanotherindividualB.instantbenefitsofhelpingothersC.parentalinfluencesintheea

rlylifeD.thedesiretobetterone'sself-image53.Whydoestheauthorusetheexamplesinparagraph4?A.Toshowthatsomepeopleare

inneedofimmediatehelp.B.Toindicatethatsomepeoplethinktheirhelpisnotneeded.C.Tosuggestthatsomepeopleperformhelpingbehaviors

quickly.D.Todemonstratehowthesituationcanimpacthelpingbehaviors.54.Whichsituationcanbedescribedasthebys

tandereffect?A.Whenhearinganinjuredladycryingforhelp,theneighborsdidn'ttakeaction.B.Seeinganoldmanslipping

ontheicyroad,manypeoplevolunteeredtohelp.C.Awomanhadaheartattackonthetrainandyouweretheonlydoctorthere.D.Onthesceneofyourcolleague'strafficaccid

ent,youcalledthepoliceforhelp.55.Afterthelastparagraph,themostpossibletopiccouldbe______.A.possiblebenefitsofprosocialb

ehaviorB.variousreasonsforprosocialbehaviorC.situationalinfluencesonprosocialbehaviorD.skillsandknowledgetoprovideassistance【答案】51.C

52.B53.D54.A55.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者在文章中介绍了Prosocialbehaviors产生的原因以及旁观者效应，并建议我们当别人有困难要及时帮助。【51题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Prosocialbehaviorhaslongp

osedachallengetosocialscientistsseekingtounderstandwhypeopleengageinhelpingbehaviorsthatarebeneficialtoothers,butcostlytotheindivi

dualperformingtheaction.长期以来，亲社会行为一直是社会科学家面临的一个挑战，他们试图理解为什么人们会做出对他人有益、但对个体代价高昂的助人行为。可知，社会科学家研究亲社会行为已经很长时间了。故选C项。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Inm

anycases,suchbehaviorsarefosteredduringchildhoodandadolescenceasadultsencouragechildrentoshare,actkindly,andhelpothers.Prosocialbehaviorsareoft

enseenasbeingcompelledbyanumberoffactorsincludingegoisticreasons(doingthingstoimproveone'sself-image)

,reciprocalbenefits(doingsomethingniceforsomeonesothattheymayonedayreturnthefavor),andmorealtruisticreasons(performingactionspurelyoutofemp

athyforanotherindividual).在许多情况下，这些行为是在儿童和青少年时期培养的，因为成年人鼓励孩子们分享、友善地行动和帮助他人。亲社会行为往往被视为由许多因素包括强迫自我中心的原因(做事情来改善一个人的自我形象),互

惠的好处(为别人做一些好事,让他们总有一天会回报),和更多的利他主义的原因(执行操作纯粹出于对另一个人的同理心)。可知，在第三段提到了很多人Prosocialbehaviors的原因有：improveone'sself-image、outofempathy、du

ringchildhoodandadolescenceasadultsencouragechildrentoshare，即提高自我形象、出于同情、在童年时被父母鼓励，只有B选项没有提到。故选B项。【53题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Alltheexamplesarewhatweca

llthebystandereffect,thetendencyforpeopletobecomelesslikelytoassistapersonindistresswhenthereareanumberofothe

rpeoplealsopresent.所有的例子都是我们所说的旁观者效应，即当有很多其他人在场时，人们不太可能去帮助一个处于困境中的人。可知，作者举得例子都是说当看到其他人已经去帮助需要帮助的人，那么有的人就不再前去提供帮助了。由

此判断出，这些都是试图说明环境影响助人行为。故选D项。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Insomecases,witnessesmightassumethatsincetherearesomanyothe

rpresent,someoneelsewillhavesurelyalreadycalledforhelp.在某些情况下，目击者可能会认为，既然有这么多其他的人在场，肯定有人已经打电话求救了。由此判断出，当听到一位受伤的女士大声呼救时，邻居们没有采取行动。这

就产生了旁观者效应。故选A项。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Expertshavesuggestedthatsomekeythingsmusthappeninorderforapersontotakeaction.专家建议在采取措施前，一些关键的事情

必须做。由此判断出，下文应该介绍如何帮助人的一些技巧。故选D项。【点睛】第1小题考查了直接细节理解题。直接信息题此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节

，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。第1小题根据第二段第一句Prosocialbehaviorhaslongposedachallengetosocialscientistsseekingtoun

derstandwhypeopleengageinhelpingbehaviorsthatarebeneficialtoothers,butcostlytotheindividualperformingtheaction.长期以来，亲

社会行为一直是社会科学家面临的一个挑战，他们试图理解为什么人们会做出对他人有益、但对个体代价高昂的助人行为。可知，社会科学家研究亲社会行为已经很长时间了。故选C项。第Ⅱ卷（共35分）第四部分：写作第一节、阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读短文，并按照题目要求用

英语回答问题Eleven-year-oldRubyKatehaslongbeenclosetoolderfolks.Hermother,AmandaChitsey,worksatnursinghomesinnorth

westArkansas,andRubyKateoftengoeswithherinthesummer.“I’veneverfoundthemscaryatall,soI’mabletojustgouptothemandaskiftheyneedanything,”shesays.La

stMay,RubyKatenoticedaresidentnamedPearlstaringoutawindow.Sheseemedsad.“Whatareyoulookingat?”RubyKateasked.Pearlsaidshewaswat

chingherdogbeingledawaybyhisnewownerafteravisit.Pearldidn’tknowwhenshewouldseeherdogagain.RubyKateandAmandaaskedaroundanddiscoveredthatthenursinghome

didn’tallowresidentstohavedogsandPearlcouldn’taffordtopayanyonetolookafterhers.TheChitseysalsolearnedthatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunab

letoaffordeventhesmallestluxuries.SoRubyKatedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Shestartedbyaskingresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmost

intheworld.“That’salotsimplerthangoing,‘Hey,whatdoyouwant?’”sheexplains.“Theycanunderstandyoubetter.”Am

andaworriedthatpeoplewouldaskforcarsandotherthingsan11-year-oldwouldn’tbeabletoprovide.Instead,theyaske

dforchocolatebars,McDonald’sfries,pantsthatfitproperly,andevenjustaprayer.“Itbrokemeasahuman,”Amandas

ays.“Weleftthenursinghomethatdayandwentstraighttoastoreandboughtasmanyitemsaswecould.”Usingtheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishe

sofabout100peopleinthreemonths.Thentheystartedaskingfordonations,setupaGoFundMepage,ThreeWishesforRuby’sResidents,andrai

sedmorethan$250,000infivemonths.Oneoftheirnewgoalsistosetupacommunallaptopinonenursinghomeineachstate.RubyKatedoesn’tplantostopthere.“Iconsiderki

ndnesstobemyhobby,”shesays,“andI’mverygoodatit.”56.WhatmakesRubyKatehaveacloserelationshipwitholderpeople?(Nomorethan1

0words)57.WhywasPearl’sdogtakenawayfromher?(Nomorethan15words)58.Whatareparagraphs4and5mainlyabout?(Nomorethan10words)59.Howd

oyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?(Nomorethan10words)60.WhatdoyouthinkofRubyKate?Giveyourreasons.(No

morethan20words)【答案】56.Sheoftengoestothemandfindsthemnotscary.57.BecausethenursinghomeforbaddogsandPearl

couldn’taffordtohaveherslookedafter.Or:BecausethenursinghomebanneddogsandPearlhadnomoneytohavehersraised.Or:Becausethen

ursinghomedidn’tallowdogsandPearlcouldn’tpaytohavehersraised.58.HowRubyKate（theChitseys）helpedthenursingho

meresidents.59.Shewillcontinuetodomoreworktoofferhelp.60.RubyKateiskind,brightandhelpfulbecauseshehasdevotedherselftohelpin

gpeopleinasmartway.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了鲁比·凯特(RubyKate)经常跟着在养老院工作的母亲阿曼达·奇奇(AmandaChitsey)一起去阿肯色州西北部的养老院看望老人；随后，她们又积极

寻求捐款，为老人们买他们最想要的东西。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“I’veneverfoundthemscaryatall,soI’mabletojustgouptothemandaskif

theyneedanything,”shesays.她说：“我从来没有发现他们有任何可怕的地方，所以我可以走到他们面前，问他们是否需要任何东西。”可知，关键词是neverscary和gouptothem。故回

答为Sheoftengoestothemandfindsthemnotscary.。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中RubyKateandAmandaaskedaroundanddiscoveredthatthenursinghomedidn’tallowr

esidentstohavedogsandPearlcouldn’taffordtopayanyonetolookafterhers.RubyKate和Amanda四处打听，发现养老院不允许居民养狗，而珀尔又雇不起人来照顾她可知，关键词是

didn’tallowtohavedogs和couldn’taffordtopay。故回答为BecausethenursinghomeforbaddogsandPearlcouldn’taffordtohaveherslookedafter.Or:Becausethenu

rsinghomebanneddogsandPearlhadnomoneytohavehersraised.Or:Becausethenursinghomedidn’tallowdogsandPearlcouldn

’tpaytohavehersraised.。【58题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段中Shestartedbyaskingresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmostintheworld.她首先

问这里的老人他们最想的三样东西。和第五段中Usingtheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.Chitseys一家用自己的钱，在三个月内满足了大约100人的愿望。可知，这两段主要是讲述了RubyKa

te怎么帮助这些养老院的老人的。故回答为HowRubyKate（theChitseys）helpedthenursinghomeresidents.。【59题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线句的上一句Oneoftheirnewgoalsistosetupacom

munallaptopinonenursinghomeineachstate.他们的新目标之一是在每个州的疗养院里建立一个公共的笔记本电脑。可知，RubyKate会继续提供帮助。故回答为Shewillcontinue

todomoreworktoofferhelp.。【60题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Usingtheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.”Chitseys一家用自己的钱，在

三个月内满足了大约100人的愿望。最后一段最后一句“Iconsiderkindnesstobemyhobby,”shesays,“andI’mverygoodatit.”“我认为善良是我的爱好，”她说，“我非常擅长它。”可知，RubyKate是个善良、有智慧、无私奉献的人。故回答为Ruby

Kateiskind,brightandhelpfulbecauseshehasdevotedherselftohelpingpeopleinasmartway.。第二节、书面表达（共1小题；共25分）61.假设你是晨光中

学的学生李津，最近你将有机会和当地的一家英文报社记者一起，参加采访报道活动，请根据以下提示给报社组织这项活动的编辑写一封电子邮件：（1）你打算参加的栏目组（从社会、文化、体育和人物专栏中任选其一）；（2）选择该栏目组的原因及关于该栏目你想采访报道的内容；（3）希

望从中有何收获。注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；（3）开头和结尾已给出、不计入总词数。____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________【答案】Deareditor,IfeeldelightedtoknowthatIhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinthereportingactivitywithareporter.Amongallthecol

umns,theonethatattractsmemostistheculturecolumn.Thereasonsareasfollow.Firstofall,theculturecolumndeeplyrese

archesandreportsthelocalcharacteristicculture,whichwillimprovemycognitionability.What’smore,theaimformetochoosethiscolumnistounderstandhowtod

eveloptraditionalcultureinmodernsociety.Forexample,howdopeopleinlocalprotecttheirtraditionalfolksongssingingculturewhentheymeetw

ithnewpopularmusicculture?AndIhopethatIwillhavesomechancestopayavisittocertainfolksongssingers,sothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheirwaysinprote

ctingandinheritingfolksongs.I’dappreciateitifyoucantakemyapplicationintoconsideration.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yours,LiJin【解析】【分析】

本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件电子邮件给报社组织采访报道活动的编辑。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文；人称：第一人称；时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主；结构：总-分-总法要点：（1）你打算参加的栏目组（从社会、文化、体育和人物专栏中任选其一）；（2）选择该栏目组的原因及关于该栏目

你想采访报道的内容；（3）希望从中有何收获。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）participatein；asfollow；cognitionability；traditionalculture；inmodernsociety；meetwith；payavisitto；folksongs；takest

h.intoconsideration；lookforwardto；hearfrom等第三步：连词成句1.IfeeldelightedtoknowthatIhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinthereportingactivi

tywithareporter.2.Theonethatattractsmemostistheculturecolumn.3.Theculturecolumndeeplyresearchesandreportsthelocalcharacteristicculture

,whichwillimprovemycognitionability.4.Theaimformetochoosethiscolumnistounderstandhowtodeveloptraditionalcultureinmodernsociety.5.Howdopeopleinlo

calprotecttheirtraditionalfolksongssingingculturewhentheymeetwithnewpopularmusicculture?6.IhopethatIwi

llhavesomechancestopayavisittocertainfolksongssingers,sothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheirwaysinprotectingandinheriti

ngfolksongs.7.I’dappreciateitifyoucantakemyapplicationintoconsideration.8.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连

句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore；and3.表因果关系：sothat4.表列举事物：asfollow；Forexample等连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间

的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：IfeeldelightedtoknowthatIhavetheopportun

itytoparticipateinthereportingactivitywithareporter.使用了由that连接的宾语从句；theonethatattractsmemostistheculturecolumn.使用了由that引导的定语从句；theculture

columndeeplyresearchesandreportsthelocalcharacteristicculture,whichwillimprovemycognitionability.使用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句；howdo

peopleinlocalprotecttheirtraditionalfolksongssingingculturewhentheymeetwithnewpopularmusicculture?使用了由when引导的时间状语从句；AndIhopethatIwillhavesomechances

topayavisittocertainfolksongssingers,sothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheirwaysinprotectingandinheritingfolksongs.使用了由t

hat连接的宾语从句和sothat引导的目的状语从句；I’dappreciateitifyoucantakemyapplicationintoconsideration.使用了由if引导的条件状语从句等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下

句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。