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考点分类练(五)推理判断题(3)Passage1(2024山东聊城一模)主题:独处词数:306难度:★★★☆☆Afewyearsago,IwalkedintoPaneraandplacedmyorder.AsIsatdown,Inoticedthatattheta

blenexttome,therewasanoldermanwithacapeatinghissoupalone.Atthesightofthis,afeelingofsadnessbegantowashoverme.Whyw

asheeatingalone?Washelonely?Didhewantsomeonetokeephimcompany?Thiswasn’tthefirsttimeI’dfeltsadwhenInoticedsomeoneeatingalone.I

automaticallyassumethey’relonelyandneedsomeonetobethereforthem.Forsomereason,eatingwithotherpeopleisthenorm.Modernsocietyhasevolvedto

thepointwheremostpeopleeatwithothersanddoalmosteveryactivitytogether.Ifweneedtogetlunchbeforeaclass,we’dra

theraskaroundtoseeifsomeonewillcomewithus.Butisitpossiblewejustdon’twanttoappearlonely?Forme,it’seasytogetpressuredtohavetobearoundotherpeoplewhe

nIseeeveryoneelsearoundmeaccompaniedbyafriendalmostallthetime.Somanypeoplearealwaysaroundsomeoneelse,andthatmaymakepeoplethinkwealwaysneedsomeo

newithustofeelbetteraboutourselves.Butthat’snottrue.Wecanenjoybeingalone.Noteveryoneneedstobeconstantlysurroundedbyfri

endstobehappy.Andweshouldn’tbeafraidtoeataloneifthat’swhatwewanttodo.Wedon’thavetodowhateveryoneelsedoes.Ultimately,Idon’tthinkI’ll

evernotgetsadifIseesomeoneeatingalone,butI’llbearinmindthatmaybetheyjustwantabreakfromtheworld,orthatmaybetheypreferitthatway.It’simportanttoreali

zeseeingsomeonedoingsomethingalonedoesn’talwaysmeanthey’relonely.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是作者对独处的一些看法。1.Whydoestheauthormentionherexperien

ceatPaneraafewyearsago?A.Tointroducethetopicofcaringforoldpeople.B.Tostartthediscussionaboutpeopleeatingalone.C.Tode

scribeamemorableencounter.D.Toillustratethebenefitsofeatingaloneoutside.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whywasheeatingalone?Washelonely?Didhewantsomeon

etokeephimcompany?”和第二段中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimeI’dfeltsadwhenInoticedsomeoneeatingalone.Iautomaticallyassumethey’relonelyandne

edsomeonetobethereforthem.”可知,作者提到她几年前在Panera的经历是为了开始讨论人们独自吃饭的问题。2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenormofeatingwithotherpeople?A.Itisagoodwa

ytoavoidawkwardness.B.Ithelpsmaintainsocialconnections.C.Itiscommonbutdeservesquestioning.D.Itisunreasonableandunacceptable.答案C解析推理判断题。根

据第二段中的“Forsomereason,eatingwithotherpeopleisthenorm.Modernsocietyhasevolvedtothepoint...isitpossiblewejustdon’twanttoap

pearlonely?”可知,作者认为和别人吃饭的这种做法很常见,但值得质疑。3.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenpeoplearoundherhavecompanybutshedoesn’t?A.Uncom

fortable.B.Isolated.C.Envious.D.Relaxed.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Forme,it’seasytogetpressuredtohavetobearoundotherpeoplewhenIseee

veryoneelsearoundmeaccompaniedbyafriendalmostallthetime.”可知,当她周围的人都有人陪伴,而她却没有时,作者感到不舒服。4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Soc

ialrelationshipsareunnecessary.B.Peopleneedtobealonetorecharge.C.Lonelinessisunavoidableinourdailylife.D.Beingalonedoesn’tequatetol

oneliness.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“It’simportanttorealizeseeingsomeonedoingsomethingalonedoesn’talwaysmeanthey’relonely.”可知,作者想要传达的信息是独处并不等于孤独。

Passage2(2024湖南常德一模)主题:完美主义词数:351难度:★★★☆☆“So,Mr.Albert,you’vetoldusaboutyourstrengthsbutwhataboutyourweaknesses?”It’sacommon

interviewquestion.Towhichaclassichumblebrag(谦虚自夸)replyis,“Well,ImustadmitthatI’mabitofaperfectionist.”Afterall,whatcompanywo

uldn’twanttoemploysomebodywhoseeksperfection?Butitturnsoutthatthereisaprofounddifferencebetweenhigh-achieversandperfectionists.Inacruelirony,thep

erfectionisttraitscouldactuallypreventsomeonefromachievingtheirfullpotential.Therootsofperfectionismactuallylieinadeepdesiretofeelperfect

.Mostoftenaperfectionistpersonalityisformedinreactiontosomeformofchildhoodtrauma.Forexample,followingherparents’divorce,ayounggir

lmightstrivetoalwaysbegood,toalwaysbeperfectbecauseatsomelevelshebelievesthatitmusthavebeenherfaultthatherparentsseparated.Soaslong

assheisperfect,nothingsoterriblewouldhappenagain.Givensuchorigins,itappearsthatthethinkingandemotionalstylesassociatedwithperfectionismareparticu

larlydangeroustomentalhealth.Thinkoftheharshestandmercilessperfectionistsyouknow.Theyalways,always,alwaysfi

ndfault.Theircognitive(认知)stylesincludeall-or-nothingthinking,whereonlyperfectionisseenasanacceptableresult;fearoffailu

re,whereaperfectionistisdrivenbyfearratherthanpulledbytheprospectofsuccessintheirendeavors;defensivene

ssinthefaceofconstructivecriticism.Alloftheseseemtobelinkedtoawiderangeofpsychologicalproblemsincludingeatingdisorders,

anxietyanddepression,andevensuicide.Changingthismindsetisthekeytotreatingtheconditionwhenitbecomesadisorderbutitisdifficu

lttoachieve.Perfectionistsareessentiallyinanabusiverelationshipwiththemselves.It’shardenoughtowithdrawfromabusiverelationships

withothers.Howmuchharderisitwhenyouyourselfaretheabuser?Soperhapsabetteranswertotheinterviewquestionposedatthe

startofthisarticlewouldbe,“IusedtobeaperfectionistbutnowI’mwellontheroadtorecovery.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要

说明了完美主义的特质实际上可能会阻碍一个人充分发挥自己的潜力,解释了完美主义产生的原因以及对心理造成的危险。5.Whydoestheauthormentiontheinterviewquestioninparagraph1?A.Toprovideanexample

.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupporttheargument.D.Toattractreaders’interest.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Afterall,whatcompanywouldn’twanttoemploysomebodywhosee

ksperfection?Butitturnsoutthatthereisaprofounddifferencebetweenhigh-achieversandperfectionists.Inacruelir

ony,theperfectionisttraitscouldactuallypreventsomeonefromachievingtheirfullpotential.”可知,作者在第一段提到了面试问题是为了引入话题。6.Whowillmostprobablybecomeap

erfectionist?A.Ahigh-achiever.B.Apersonwhoalwaysfindsfault.C.Anoverconfidentman.D.Asonofaviolentalcoholicfather.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mostoftenape

rfectionistpersonalityisformedinreactiontosomeformofchildhoodtrauma...nothingsoterriblewouldhappenagain.”可知

,完美主义常形成于童年创伤,因此暴力酗酒父亲的儿子最有可能成为完美主义者。故选D项。7.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Perfectionismoftenhasthreedif

ferenttypes.B.Perfectionismhasabadeffectonphysicalhealth.C.Perfectionismiscausedbyhighpersonalstandard.D.Perfectionismisariskfactorforpsychologica

ldisorders.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,第三段主要讲了完美主义是心理障碍的危险因素。8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofperfectionism?A.It’shardfo

rpeopletogetridofit.B.Itdrivespeopletoachievesuccess.C.It’smoreofastrengththanaweakness.D.Itinevitablyleadstomenta

lproblems.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Changingthismindsetisthekeytotreatingtheconditionwhenitbecomesadisorderbutitisdifficulttoachieve.”可知,作者认为

人们很难摆脱完美主义。故选A项。Passage3(2024浙江杭州一模)主题:原谅词数:340难度:★★★★☆Isforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherque

stion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominancea

ndpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgiving

allows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingthei

rwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,

mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,wene

edbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapar

t.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofs

ocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsa

ndcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofh

armony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessanda

repreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwe

takeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapaci

tytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualapp

ropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证,通过对比不同的人类本性观点,分析了“原谅”在个体

和社区中的作用和意义。9.WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.C.Forg

ivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Inanearlypaperonth

epsychologyofforgiveness...whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.”可知,Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性,对他们造成了很大的伤害,他认为宽恕者在向他人提供

仁慈的同时,也在损害自己的幸福。10.Whatdoestheexampleinparagraph2illustrate?A.Toforgiveistolove.B.Todominateistoharm.C.Tofightistogrow.

D.Togiveistoreceive.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefrom...doesnotmakeforh

armoniousinteractions.”可知,没有爱,我们与他人的联系就会破裂,控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动;奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度,它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“Forexample,howwe

llhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?”以奴隶社会举例,以反问的方式来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福,即控制就是伤害。11.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardfo

rgiveness?A.Favorable.B.Reserved.C.Objective.D.Skeptical.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中起关键作用,指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐,并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可

以治愈关系,让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对原谅持支持的态度。12.Whatisthemessageofthelastparagraph?A.Forgivenessisinournature.B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.C.I

ttakespracticetoforgive.D.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality.答案C解析主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性

的观点,指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力,而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此,原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为,而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。