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2023年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的).Beingnewtot

heschoolmademeeven____1____,soitwassurprisingI’d____2____toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pa

geessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat﹣postponingthepain.Whe

nIfinallysatdownto____3____,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom____4____.Oneparagraphd

own;nowwhat?Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’dtu

rntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.”Thepagesbegan____5____.Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill____6____,“

Fivepages!That’simpossible!”“Well,you’dbettergetbacktowork,”shesaid.“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou’rethrough.”Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Iha

lfexpecteda____7____﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.____8____,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.Thenextday,when

MsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould____9____theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My

____10____stillneededsomenudging(激发),butIdidlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happier2.A.nodB.pointC.listenD

.chat3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read4.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing5.A.standingoutB.flyingbyC.breakin

gupD.checkingin6.A.celebratingB.longingC.complainingD.warning7.A.lectureB.reasonC.rewardD.solution8.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.

Instead9.A.hopeB.imagineC.tellD.predict10.A.patienceB.confidenceC.toleranceD.independence第二节(共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词

，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守时).I’mBritish.

SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I____11____(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup____

12____(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest____13____(arrive)andmyh

ostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,g

rowbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When____14____(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresp

lendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect____15____(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraise

das“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所

给词的正确形式填空。Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention____17____globalwaterissues.

Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,____18____thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction____19_

___(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld____20____(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepart

byrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthrough

sport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadin

gthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(冲刺).4-WeekLearningSprintThe4-WeekLearningS

print,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.Thesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackafte

rtheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.The4-WeekLearningSprinti

sopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedt

osubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants•Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-We

ekLearningSprint.•Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.•Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.•Youhavestrongpublicspeakingsk

ills.•Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.•Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.•Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpe

rtsandpeers(同伴).•Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill________.A.createchangeinth

eircommunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogrammeC.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject22.Ifsel

ectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto________.A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOCchannelC.workonasport-basedprojectD.coachand

advisetheirpeers23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.C.Sh

owinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifelta

buzz(振动)inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewpr

ocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspa

rtofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergy

intoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningth

eprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—an

doverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheorigin

alprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.T

hatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworked

wheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofoll

owmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadse

emedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(视角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwas

acceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffer

ed,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender’sname?A.Anxiou

s.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto________.A.critici

sethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesertC.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork26.Acc

ordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas________.A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing27.Whatc

anwelearnfromthispassage?A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectionca

nbearestriction.Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsoci

eties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodivers

itycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedaton

cebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinth

emomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisb

iassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(牺牲)

todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.The

sebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People’shesitancytodelaysati

sfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthef

uture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudan

durgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisi

swhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhuma

nity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopafor

mofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopleto

day,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,haven

oideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto________.A.drawacompariso

nB.introduceatopicC.evaluateastatementD.highlightaproblem29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B.Lessonsofh

istoryarehighlyvalued.C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.30.What

doestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.C.Currentpoliciesfacilit

atefuturedecision-making.D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.Whatislife?Likemostgreatque

stions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thef

ieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-ca

lledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglym

adeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexitys

cientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisn

otabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”Asmuchasman

yALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.Artificialintelligencemaybeconsider

edALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemto

createessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.Ifthefi

eldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines

.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentra

lconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateach

advancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行线)tot

heevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,

ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybeno

thingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.31.

RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful32.Whatdoestheword“enamored”unde

rlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfutu

re.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution

.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C.LifeIsUndefined.Ca

nALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空

白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheir

familiesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____35____WhenItalktofamiliesas

ascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____36____Emerg

ingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.____37____Theabsenceo

fteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachin

gisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhy

alowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfundin

g.____38____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteach

usingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____39____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmo

reresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,ando

thersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsideratio

ntouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachievedits

truepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,ther

ankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.T

hey’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtoother

rankingfactors.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分，第(3)题3分，第(4)题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavi

oursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understanding

howhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodeve

lopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehavioura

ndultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(触发)bythesecues.A“habitloop(环)”isawayofdescribingseveralrela

tedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacueth

atonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’sn

otnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodeve

lop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheind

ividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadst

obadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowth

echangereflectsyourvalues.40.Howarehabitsbuilt?___________________________________________________________

_____41.Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichparti

sfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.______________

__________________________________________________43.Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)________________

________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询

问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：(1)活动形式；(2)活动内容。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim，_____________________________________

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