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2023届宝山区高考英语适应性练习Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorr

ect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword:fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Morningornight?Whicht

imeofdaydoyouenjoythemostandaremorementallyalert?（21）______oneyouprefer,thereisanameforyou.Earlybirdsormorninglarks（云雀

）,asyoucanguess,aremorningpeople.Theyhavemoreenergyinthemorningandarehappytogreettheday.（22）______theyri

seearly.theyloseenergyinthelateafternoon.Therefore,morninglarkstendtohitthehayearly.Asmostofsocietyrunsondaylighthours,morninglarksareseenaspr

oductivepeople.Asthesayinggoes:“Theearlybirdgetstheworm.”Nightowlsaretheoppositeofmorninglarks.Thesepeoplehave（23）______（little）energyinthemorning

.Theywouldrathergetafewmorehoursofsleepthanrisewiththesun.Butontheotherside,nightowlscomealiveinthelateeveninghours.Theybecomeenergeticandfind

inspirationinthemoonlight.It'snosurprise（24）______theycantheyupwellintothenight.Whileallbirds（25）______（create

）equal,somenightowlswishtheycouldriseearlierIfyouareoneofthem,herearesometipstohelpyoucatchthatworm.People（

26）______notadjusttheirbedtimesovernight（一夜之间）.Sofarthosenightowlswishingtoriseatdawn,startwitha15-minutechange.Gotobed1

5minutesearlierthanusualandwakeupthatmuchearlieraswell.Keepthepatterngoinguntilyoufindyourself（27）______（r

ise）withthesun.Thoughitmaybechallenging.startyourmorningwithasmuchlightaspossible.Openthecurtains.Turnonthelights.Seewhat（28）______diffe

renceitmakesinhelpingyoustartyourday.Tomakethechangefromowltolarkyouneedtobeconsistentandriseearlyeveryday.Don'tworkhardtoriseearlyduringtheweekonly（

29）______（sleep）inonweekends.Pickanhourtowakeup,anddoiteveryday.Forthenightowlsoutthere,hopefullythesetips（30）______（make）yourmorningsmorebearable

.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.associatedB

.chargeC.coolingD.deadenE.appliancesF.narrowG.causesH.reflectiveI.restrictedJ.typicallyK.unstableHowdoes

thunder-snowwork?Thunder-snowisrarebecausetheconditionsthatproducesnowtendtohaveastabilizingeffectontheatmosphere.Inwinte

r.thesurfaceandlowertroposphere（对流层）arecoldandthereislittlemoisturetoleadtolightning.Lightningsuper-heatstheair,whiletherapid31producesthesou

ndwavesweallthunder.Thunderstormscanforminwinter.buthavedifferentcharacteristics.Atypicalnormalthunderstormconsistsoftall,

32cloudsthatrisefromawarmupdraft（上升气流）leadingfromthesurfaceuptoaround40,000feet.Thunder-snowusuallyformswhenlayersofflatsnowc

loudsdevelopinstabilityandexperiencedynamiclifting.There33leadtotheinstability.Firstly,anormalthunderstormattheedgeofawarmorcoldfrontcanrunintoc

oldair.changingrainintofreezingrainorsnow.Secondly,whentheflatsnowcloudsbecomebumpyordevelopwhatareusuallycalled"

turrets".turretsriseabouttheclouds,makingthetoplayer34.Thechangecauseswatermoleculesoricecrystalstogainorloseele

ctrons（电子）Whentheelectrical35differencebetweentwobodiesbecomeslargeenough,lightningoccurs.Thirdly.acoldairfrontpassing

overwarmerwatercanproducethunder-snow.Thisisthetypeofthunder-snowmostoftenseenneartheGreatLakesornearandocean.Theobviousdifferencebetwe

enatypicalthunderstormandthunder-snowisthatathunderstormproducesrain,whilethunder-snowis36withsnow.However,thethunderandlig

htningofthunder-snowaredifferent,too.Snowcan37sound,sothunder-snowthundersoundslowanddoesn'ttravelas

farasitwouldinaclearorrainysky.Normalthundermaybeheardmilesfromitssource,whilethunder-snowthundertendstobe38toa

2to3mileradiusfromthelightningstrike.Whilethesoundofathundermaybelowered.lightningflashesareenhancedby39snow.Thun

der-snowlightning40appearswhiteorgolden.ratherthantheusualblueorpurpleofthunderstormlightningIII.ReadingComprehen

sionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachb

lankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Owingtotherecentpandemic（流行病）researchershavebeentryingtofindmorew

aystokillviruses,andoneresultoftheirworkinvolves41.Ithaslongbeenknownthatultraviolet（UV）（紫外线的）lightcandes

troymicrobessuchasbacteriaandviruses.Itisalreadyusedasacleaningagentinhospitalsandto42airandwaterbutonlywhenpeoplearen'taround.T

hat'sbecausetherearethreetypesofUVlight:UVA,UVBandUVC.andtheyareall43tohumans.UVAandUVBexposurecan44skincancer,whileUVBisresponsibleforsunb

urns.UVClightismostlyabsorbedbytheEarth'satmosphere,butitisevenmoredangerous.ArtificialUVClightcanpassthr

oughtheouterlayerofskinandeyecellsto45thelivingcellsunderneath.46.thereisatypesofUVClight,knownasfar-UVC.whichdoesnotpassthroughtheouterlayerofcel

ls.Butstudiesofthelong-termeffectsoffar-UVConhumans,47studiesongroupscomprisingmorethan20people,arenotavailable.ResearcherDavidBrennerhashelpedd

evelopafar-UVClightthatkillsvirusesandbacteria.Inanormal-sizedroom,fivelamps48thenumberofmicrobesby98percentinlessthanfiveminutes.Toachieveresult

slikethisthroughventilation（通风设备）alone,theairwouldhavetobechanged184timesperhour,whichiscurrently49.Evenatl

owersettings,thelampsstillkilled92percentofvirusesin15minutes.CountriesvaryintheirstandardsforhowmuchUVlightpeo

pleareallowedtobe50to.SinceBrenner'steamwasoperatingintheUnitedStates,heobservedAmerican51,whicharelessstrictthanthoseofsomecountriessuch

asGermany.ButevenworkingwithinGermany'slowerlimitofUVlightexposure,Brenner'slightsstilldecreasethenu

mberofmicrobes52.Brennerarguesthatusingthelights,even53Germany'sregulations,wouldlikelyhavereducedthenumberofpeoplewhodiedfromCovid-19.Inthefuture,f

ar-UVClampsmaybe54inallpublicspaces.Researchershopethatinstallationanduseofsuchlampscouldpreventfuture55.Alth

oughmoreextensiveresearchneedstobedone,thereishopethatthiswillbetheireffect.41.A.electricityB.soundC.lightD.air42.A.cleanB.separateC.pro

duceD.mix43.A.beneficialB.harmfulC.influentialD.essential44.A.turntoB.refertoC.owetoD.leadto45.A.damageB.a

voidC.protectD.absorb46.A.MoreoverB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile47.A.asmuchasB.asforC.asaresultofD.aswellas4

8.A.increasedB.explodedC.reducedD.lightened49.A.definiteB.impossibleC.realisticD.sensible50.A.extendedB.coveredC.exposedD.

warned51.A.standardsB.featuresC.policiesD.orders52.A.permanentlyB.instantlyC.completelyD.significantly53.A.designingB.obe

yingC.applyingD.experimenting54.A.commonB.unusualC.seldomD.doubtful55.A.lampsB.projectsC.pandemicsD.diseasesSectionBD

irections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoi

cesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread（A）Likemany

inventions,languagetranslatorswereimaginedbywriterslongbeforetheybecamereal.InHugoGernsback's1911novelARomanceoftheYear2660.charactersuse

avideotelephonethatcantranslateformonelanguagetoanother.AlanguagetranslatoralsoappearsinMurrayLeinster's1945FirstContact

.Inthatstory.humansandcreaturesfromanotherplanetconstructatranslationdevicetogetheraftermakingfirstcontactwithoneanother.Theideaofthelanguage

translatordidn'tbecometrulypopular,however,untilthe“universaltranslator”appearedintheStarTrekseries,whichdelightedt

elevisionviewersinthe1970s.Thatdevicewasuniversalinthesensethatitcouldtranslateanylanguagethatitencountered.Thefirstreallanguagetr

anslatorwasdemonstratedbyengineersfromtheIBMcompanyandGeorgetownUniversityin1954.TheirmachinecouldonlytranslateRussiansen

tencesintoEnglish.Languagetranslatorshavecomealongwaysincethen.Today,onlinetranslationscanbeaccessedeasilyatnocosttousers.Withtranslationapp

slikeGoogleTranslateoriTranslate,userssometimesdon'tevenhavetolookthingsup.Alltheyneedtodoispointtheircellphone'sca

meraatsomewriting,andatranslationinstantlyappears.Ifuserswanttotranslatesomethingbeingsaidaloud,theyjustturn

ontheirphone'smicrophone.Allofthesefeaturessavetimeandeffort.Translationappsmakeforeigntravelmucheasierthanbefore.Theyarein

valuablewhenitcomestocommunicatingwithtaxidriversorhotelstaffwhodon'tspeakatraveler'snativelanguage.Buttheseappsarefarfromperfect.Someti

mesatranslationmakesnosense,forcingtheusertoguesswhatthetranslationmeans.Atothertimes,theusermightnotknowthatthetranslationhasfaile

duntilheorsheshowsittonativespeaker.56.Whatdoesthearticleimplyaboutlanguagetranslators?A.Theirpartsweretoodifficulttomanufacture.B

.Theirlegalstatuswasindoubtforsometime.C.Theirlookshavechangedlittleovertheyears.D.Theiroriginscanbefoundinscience

fiction.57.Whatdoesthearticlepointoutaboutonlinetranslations?A.They'relongerthannecessary.B.They'reavailablefreeofcharge.C.They'reoffe

nsivetosomepeople.D.They'republishedonsocialmedia.58.WhichaspectofGoogleTranslateoriTranslatedoesthearticleemphasize?A.Theirunderstandingofcl

assicidiomsB.Theirleisurelyapproachtoanalyzingtexts.C.Theirintemalsoftwareandprocesses.D.Theirconvenienceindifferentsituations.59.Howdoesthew

riterconcludethisarticle?A.Bynotingthatlanguagetranslatorsdon'thaveanycompetition.B.Bydiscussinghowlanguagetranslators

areexpectedtoevolveC.Byexplainingwhylanguagetranslatorsaren'ttotallyreliableD.Bydescribingtheimportantvirtuesoflanguagetranslators（B）Paula8:45

AM.Hiladies.Wehaveanewclientthatjustcalledthismorning.Areeitherofyoufreetotakethejob?Athena8:46AM.What'sthelocationofthejob?And

whatistheclientexpecting?Paula8:47AM.Mrs.HunterlivesattheintersectionofMapleStreetandGiversRd.Shehasafairlylarge3500squaref

oothouse,andwouldlikesomeonetocomefor5.6hourseachweek,preferablyonaMonday,tocleanit.Athena8:48AM.Sorry,that'stoofarformetogo.AndIa

lreadyhavearegularclientintheafternoonsonMondays.Julie8:49AM.Icanprobablydoit.Idon'thaveanyclientsonMondaysatthemoment.Athena8:50AM.Makesureyoune

gotiatethehourswithher.Orletherknowhowmuchyoucanphysicallycleanin5.6hours.Julie8:51AMIthinkit'dbefine.I'msureshe'snotexpectingon

epersontocleantheentirehouseinthosehours.Paula8:52AMIcancallherbacktogetsomemoredetails.It'salwaysbette

rtomakesurebothpartieshavethesameexpectations.Julie8:53AMOK.BothofyouhavewaymoreexperiencethanmesoI'lldefinitelylistentoyouradvice.Paula8:54AM

Julie,I'llletyouknowwhenI'vetalkedtoher.Youmighthavetocallheryourselflater,too.60.Whatcouldthenameofthiscompanybe?A.DriversforHireB.MaidServ

icePlusC.AccountantsRUsD.ToysToysToys61.WhatadvicedoesAthenagiveJulie?A.Lettheclientknowherage.B.Clarifyw

orkloadandworkinghours.C.Givetheclientapieceofhermind.D.Haveanhonestconversationwiththeclient.62.WhatislikelyPaula'srole?A.She'stheorganizer.

B.She'sthenewhire.C.She'sinthemarketingdepartment.D.She'sinthetechnologydepartment.（C）Dothecolorsthatsurroundyouinfluencehowyoufeel?Cantheco

lorsonyourwallsandonyourclothesaffectyourmoods?Someresearchersbelievetheanswerisadecisiveyes,whileothersaren'tsosure.Yetmanymarketers,interiordesig

ners,medicalprofessionalsandothersswearbyaninformalfieldofscienceknownascolorpsychology.Colorpsychologyisdefinedas“thestudyofhowthecolorsw

eperceiveimpactourthoughtsandfeelings.”Marketersusethescienceofcolortopersuadeustobuythings.Whenchoosingpaint,fumitureandwallart,interiordesigner

sactonthetheorythatcolorscanarousecertainfeelingsinus.Dentistsareoftenadvisedtouselightbluepaintonth

eirofficewallstohelpcalmapprehensivepatients.Weshouldkeepinmind,though,thatonlybyconsideringculturalpreferencesareweabletofullyunderstandthescienceof

color.Forinstance,intheWest,whiteisforbridesandblackisforfunerals.ButinancientAsia,whitewassometimeswornforfunerals.InJ

apanyellowrepresentscouragewhileintheUnitedStates,itrepresentshappiness.Additionally,manyvariablesincludinggender,age,backgroundandmoremustbe

consideredbeforemakingcolorassumptionswhenoneisstudyingtheeffectsofcolor.Aftertakingcolorvariableintoaccountit'ssafetoconsidersomem

ainstreamtheoriesaboutspecificcolorsandtheirmeanings.Herearejustafew:Redsymbolizeslove,energy,passionanddanger.Redisalsobelievedtoi

ncreaseone'shunger,whichmightbethereasonwhyMeDonald'sandCoca-Colachoseredastheirmajorbrandingcolor.Brown,acolorfromnature,bestrepresents

thingsthatarehonest,trustworthyanddependable.ItseemsaperfectfitasthebrandingcolorforthepackagedeliverycompanyUPS.Blue-inad

ditiontorepresentingpeaceandcalm-alsomeansintegrityandcompetence.It'snosurprisethatPayPalandAmericanExpressbothusebluea

stheirbrandingcolor.Green-anothercolorfromnature-representshealth,growthandfreshnessandistheperfectbrandingcolorforStarbucks.Pi

nksymbolizeslove,romance,innocenceandfemininity（女性特质）.ThepopulardollcompanythatmakesBarbieusespinkasitsmajorbr

andingcolor.Ifcolorpsychologyadvocatesarecorrect,thenouremotionsanddecisionsaretrulyinfluencedbythecolorsaround

us.Withthisknowledge,wecaneffectivelyharness（驾驭）colorpowertocreatepositiveschool,workandhomeenvironments.63.

Whatdoesthephraseswearbyinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A.deeplybelieveB.somewhatdoubtC.deeplyinvestigateD.stillwish64.Whatisthewriter'spurpose

oftakingwhiteandblackasanexampleinthepassage?A.Tostatethatculturalpreferencesaredecisivefactorsincolorpsychology.B.Toshowdi

fferentcultureshavedifferentpreferencesfordifferentcolors.C.Toprovewhiteandblackrepresentcompletedifferentthingsindifferentcountries.D.

Toremindweshouldtakecultureintoaccountwhenlearningthescienceofcolor.65.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_______.A.colorpsychologyisinfluencingouremotio

nsanddecisionsB.colorpsychologymayhelpusmakecorrectdecisionsinlifeC.colorpsychologyisanuncultivatedfieldinmodernscienceD.colorpsychologyhasb

eenrecognizedthroughouttheworld66.Whatwouldbethepropertitleforthepassage?A.Thepositivesandnegativesofcolorpsychology.B.Thefoundationandfun

ctionofcolorpsychology.C.ThepotentialeffectsofcoloronourlivesD.TherelationshipbetweencolorandmanSectionCSectionCDirections

:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyoune

ed.A.Robotsareplayinganimportantroleinalmosteverywherenowadays.B.Somefoundersarelendingahand-arobotichand-intheformofserverrobots.

C.Perhapsyou'rewonderingaboutissuessuchasthecostandsafetyfactors.D.Workersareafraidofbeingreplacedbyrobotsinthef

uture.E.Nowrobotsarefindingahomeinthefoodserviceindustry.F.ServerrobotscomeinseveraldifferentvarietiesRobo

tsusedtobefoundonlyinsciencefiction.Inthe1960s,theanimatedspace-agefamilytheJetsonshadaroboticmaidwhocoulddohousehold

chores.Inthe2014movieBigHero6,therobotBaymaxcoulddiagnoseandhealillnessesinstantly.Inrealliferobotsfunctioninmanymanuf

acturingandhouseholdsituations.（Thinkworkersintheautomobileindustry,robottoypetsandvacuumcleaners.）Inthefiledofmedicine,robotpatie

ntshelptraindoctorsandnursesbypretendingtheyhaveavarietyofhealthconditions.67Theglobalpandemicandresultingeconomiccrisishavecreatedalac

kofrestaurantworkers.Sincerestaurantsdon'thaveenoughworkers,theremainingstaffmustworkharder.Regardless,customersfacelongerwaittimes,fe

wermenuchoicesandhigherprices.68TheserobotsarenotexactlymodeledafterRosey,theJetsons'robotichouseholdser

vant,buttheyareprettyclever（andverycute）.69Manyhaveadesignthatlookslikearollingcart.OnemodelnamedBellaevenhasacutecat-likeface.Manyarefairlyshortan

dshapedlikeR2D2ofStarWarsfame.Theyaredesignedtodeliverdishestoregularcustomersinarestaurant.Theyarealsojusttherightheightforcusto

merstoeasilyreachthem.Restaurantownersarefindingserverrobotsidealforperformingrepetitivetasks,howevermanythereare

.Theycannotonlydeliverdeliciousfoodtoperformingrepetitivetasks,howevermanythereare.Theycannotonlydeliverdeliciousfoodtohungrycustom

ers.butalsogetbackdirtydishesattheendofthemeal.70Concerningtheprice.aserverrobotcostsfromafewthousandtoseveralthousa

nddollars.Andin2021,arestaurantevenrentedoneforaslowasUSS15perday.Regardingsafety,specialsensorsontherobotskeepthemfromcrashinginto

customers.Becausetherearen'tenoughrestaurantworkers.fillingpositionswiththeseroboticserversisano-brainer.Don'tbesurprisedifyouseeonero

llinguptoyourtablesoon.IV.SummaryWriting71.Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomoreth

an60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.IKEA,knownaroundtheworldasasupplieroffumitureandotherhomegoods,

istakingstepstoprotecttheenvironment.By2030IKEAplanstobeacircularbusiness,onewhoseproductscanallbereusedor

recycledratherthanthrownaway.Toachievethisgoal,thecompanyisredesigningallofitsproducts.Howcanitdesignproductsthatwillla

stlongerandheeasiertofixandthatpeoplecanrecyclewhentheyarefinishedwiththem?Byansweringthesequestions.IKEAhopestoimprovethesustainabilityofits

businessmodel.IKEAwantspeopletobeabletorepairitsproductsratherthanthrowthemawaywhensomethinggoeswrong.Toaccomplishthatgoal,thecompanyisstandardizingt

heparts,materialsandcolorsthatituses.Thismeansthatifapartneedstobereplaced,itwillbeeasytofind.InthepastIKEAhasonlyofferedsparepar

tsforsomeproducts;nowitisgreatlyexpandingthenumberofsparepartscustomerscanpurchase.Thismakesitfeasibleforcustomerstorepairtheirownfurniture.IKE

Aisalsoredesigningthepartsofitsproductsthataremostlikelytowearoutquickly.Toextendthelifeofitsproducts.IKEAistryingtomaketheir

maintenanceeasier.Itisalsomakingitsproductseasiertotakeapartandtransport,sothefumnitureislesslikelytobreakwh

enbeingmovedorchanginghands.Sometimespeoplereplacetheirfumiturenotbecausethereissomethingwrongwithit,butbecausetheirneedshavechange

d.SoIKEAisalsotryingtohelppeoplekeepfumitureforalongertimebymakingiteasytomodify.Somepiecescanbeexpandedorreducedinsizea

sfamilymembersandguestscomeandgo.Othershavecoversthatcanbeexchangedfordifferentlook.Butevenwithalltheseefforts,itislik

elythatcertainproductswilleventuallynolongerbeusable.Atthatpointtheycanberemanufactured-thepiecesreassembled（重新组装）intosom

ethingnew-orrecycled.AndIKEAisdesigningproductsmaketheseprocesseseasier.Thecompanyisalsoworkingtoreducewasteinotherareas,suchaspackagingandfoodwa

stefromrestaurantsinsideitsstores.TheseeffortstoreducethenumberofIKEAproductsthatareabandonedandthrowninlandfillswill

helpcreateamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyeconomy.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsg

iveninthebrackets.72.这个方案还有争议，我们还是再深入讨论一下吧。（controversial）73.尽管你已经新冠“阳康”几天了，也不能马上剧烈运动的。（recover）74.既要防疫，又要备考，这对我们2023届高三毕业生来说，真的是巨大的挑

战。（notonly…butalso…）75.每每想起上周那次小组合作学习活动，他都会情不自禁的笑，因为他觉得大家的表现的确都太逗了。（eachtime）VI.GuidedWriting76.Direction

s:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.学校学生会准备为文学社、英语社、体育社、艺术社等各社团招募新成员。假如你是其中一个社团

的负责人，请你写一篇宣传稿介绍你们社团的情况。文章必须包括：●简单介绍你们社团的特色或优势●简要描述你们社团的发展规划