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英语（外研版）九年级上册Module12SaveourworldEnglish模块小结思维导图知识要点一：重点单词，短语及句。要点1pollutionpollution的用法pollution是不可数名

词，意为“污染”。其动词形式为pollute。【拓展】与pollution相关的短语【典例分析】1.Thereisless____________(pollute)inSuzhouthaninothercitiesinChina.【答案】po

llution2.Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecausetheenvironmentisseriously____________(pollute).【答案】polluted3.Thisriverisdirtybecauseit

is________bythewaterfromthatchemistryfactory.A.reducedB.pollutedC.includedD.created【答案】B。本题考查动词辨析。reduce意为“减少”，pollute意为“污染”，inc

lude意为“包含”，create意为“创造”。结合语境可知应选B。4.Sleepingwithlightsonisa.You’dbettermakesureallthelightsareoffbeforeyougotobed.A.pollutionB.actionC.wasteD.colle

ction【答案】选C。考查名词辨析。句意:开着灯睡觉是一种浪费。你最好确保睡觉前把所有的灯关掉。pollution“污染”;action“行动”;waste“浪费”;collection“收集”。要点2It’snousedoin

gsth是固定句式,意为“做某事是没有用的”该句型中的“doingsth”是真正的主语，it是形式主语。“It’snousedoingsth”相当于“Thereisnousedoingsth”“It’susele

ssdoing/todosth.”或“It’sofnousedoing/todosth.”【拓展】It’sfundoingsth.做某事很有趣Itisnogooddoingsth.做某事不好/没用/不行It’sawasteoftime/moneydo

ingsth.做某事是白费时间/金钱【典例分析】1.光说不做是没有用的。It________________________talkingwithoutdoing.【答案】isnouse2.跟他讲没用，因为他从来不听。It_______________________ta

lkingtohimbecauseheneverlistens.【答案】isnogood3.在她目前的心情下，找她谈是白费时间。It’s____________________________tryingtotalktoherwhenshe’sinthismo

od.【答案】awasteoftime4.打高尔夫球很有意思It’s_______________playinggolf.【答案】greatfun4.Thereisnousestayingathome.(同义句改写)【答案】It’snousestayingathome.5.It’snouseth

emaboutit.A.tellB.totellC.tellingD.tells【答案】C【解析】It’snousedoingsth.“做某事是没有用的”。6.Itisno____arguingwithBillbecausehewilln

everchangehismind.A.wayB.helpC.timeD.use【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：跟比尔争论是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意的。A.way方法；B.help帮助；C.time时间；D.use用处。It’

snousedoingsth.(做某事没用/只是白费力气)句型。在这个句型中，动词-ing形式是主语，it是形式主语。故选D。要点3hopelessadj.无望的；无可救药的Theyfeelhopele

ssabouttheirfuture.他们感到前途无望。【知识链接】-less是最常见的含否定意义的英语后缀之一，它附在名词或动词之后主要构成形容词，有时也构成副词。homeless无家可归的helpless无助的usel

ess没用的nameless莫名的voiceless无声的endless无尽的colorless暗淡的【典例分析】1.Jackfailedthemathsexamagain.Hefelt________andwantedtogiveup.A.helpfulB.

successfulC.carelessD.hopeless【答案】D。本题考查形容词辨析。helpful意为“有帮助的”，successful意为“成功的”，careless意为“粗心的”，hopeless意为“没希望的”。结合语境可知应选D。2.Hefailedhisjobi

nterviewagain,andhefeltreally________(withnohope)aboutthefuture.【答案】hopeless3.Wetriedtostopthefirefromspreading，butweknewitwas

．（help）【答案】helpless要点4waste做名词，意为“浪费”，为不可数名词。awasteoftime/money/energy是固定词组，意为“浪费时间/金钱/精力”。waste做名词时还

可表示“废弃物”，为不可数名词。waste可作动词，意为“浪费”。wastetime/money(in)doing/onsth.表示“在做某事上浪费时间/金钱”。It’sawasteofmoneytobuythingsyoudon’tneed.购买你不需要的

东西是浪费金钱。【典例分析】1.AfterdinnerMumaskedmetothrowthe_______inthebowlsinthebagontheground.A.flyB.wasteC.sandD.scarf

【答案】B。本题考查名词辨析。fly意为“苍蝇”，waste意为“废料；废弃物”，sand意为“沙；沙子”，scarf意为“围巾”，结合语境可知应选B。2.Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproduceeverydayanditisharmful

toourenvironment.A.dreamsB.troubleC.problemsD.waste【答案】D本题考查名词辨析。句意:我们都需要一个健康的环境,但是我们每天产生垃圾,它对我们的环境有害。dream梦想;troubl

e麻烦;problem问题;waste垃圾。根据“它对我们的环境有害”可知选D。3.妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。Mumthinksit________________________________________toplaycomputerg

ames.【答案】awasteoftime4.这条河流被从工厂流出的废物严重污染。Theriverwas_________________________________________fromthefactory【答案】badlypollute

dbywaste要点5beadangertosb/sth对某人/某物有危害danger本文用作可数名词,表示具体的“危害”。当danger表示抽象的“危险、风险”时,是不可数名词,beindanger“处于险境之中”。拓展：beindan

gerof有……的危险beoutofdanger脱离危险要点6注意try,mean接不定式和Ving的区别mean意为“意味着,意思是”时,后跟名词、代词、动名词或从句;meandoingsth意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果)……mean意为“打算,意图”时,后常跟动词不定式。me

antodosth打算/意欲做……tryone’sbesttodosth意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。trytodosth意为“尽力做某事”(但不一定成功)。trydoingsth意为“试着做某事”要点7dividev.意为“分开;分隔”。divide…into…意为“把……分成…

…”。dividedup分配辨析：divide与separate【典例分析】1.InEnglishclassyesterday,thestudents________intofivegroupstofinishthetask.A.dividedB

.weredividedC.divideD.aredivided【答案】B本题考查时态和语态。主语thestudents与动词divide存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态；又由题干中的时间状语yesterday可知应用一般过去时，故选B。2

.TherearefourpeopleinmyfamilysoI________thecake________fourpieces.A.put;upB.bring;inC.cut;outD.divide;into【答案】D。本题考查短语动词辨析。putu

p意为“提升；使提高”，bringin意为“吸引；引入”，cutout意为“删除”，divideinto意为“分成……”。结合语境可知应选D。3.那个苹果刚才被分成了相等的两份。Theapple______________________________t

wohalvesjustnow【答案】wasdividedinto要点8dowith意为“处理”,常与疑问词what连用。dowith还可以表示“与……有关；”与……相处。辨析：dowith与dealwithdowith处理;对付;应付常与what连用侧重于对某事物的利用或处置dea

lwith常与how连用强调处理问题的方式、办法【典例分析】1.Ittookmealmostawholedaytosomanyemails.A.dowithB.cutinC.cheerforD.runout【答

案】A考查动词短语辨析。dowith“处置;对付”;cutin“插嘴”;cheerfor“为……喝彩”;runout“用完;耗尽”。由空格后的somanyemails可知应用“处理”与之搭配。故选A。2.Janeisverybusythesedays，forshehasalotofproblem

sto_____.A.dealwithB.keepupwithC.agreewithD.comeupwith【答案】Adealwith意为“处理”；keepupwith意为“跟上”；agreewith意为“同意”；comeupwith意为“想出；提出”。由逗号前句意“这些天简很忙”可推知，逗号后

句意为“因为她有很多的问题要处理”，故A项符合题意。3.—Whatareyougoingto________thebed?—IhavepromisedMr.Whitetosendittohim.A.lookintoB.thinkofC.dowithD.sear

chfor【答案】本题考查短语动词辨析。lookinto意为“向……里看”，thinkof意为“想到；想出”，dowith意为“处理”，searchfor意为“搜寻；查找”，结合语境可知应选C。要点9harmfuladj.表示“有害的”,其反义词是har

mless（无害的）。harmn.&v.（伤害;害处）。1.beharmfulto意为“对……有害处”,相当于bebadfor,其反义短语是begoodfor,其近义短语是doharmto（对……造成伤害）。

2.It’sharmfultodosth做某事是有害的。拓展：dosb/sthharm=doharmtosb/sth伤害某人/某物【典例分析】1.Smokingis________toyou.A.harmB.harmfulC.harm

sD.harmless【答案】B【解析】句意：吸烟对你有害。A.harm伤害；B.harmful有害的；C.harms危害；D.harmless无害的。结合语境“吸烟对你_______。”可知，吸烟对

身体有害，beharmfulto对……有害。故选B。2.Itis_____toyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.A.hopelessB.hopefulC.harmlessD.harmful【答案】D考查形容词辨析。句意:过量喝酒对你的身体健康有害。hopeless无望的;hop

eful抱有希望的;harmless无害的;harmful有害的。根据生活常识可知，喝酒过量对身体健康有害。故选D。3.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。Watchingtoomuchdo________________

youreyes.【答案】harmto4.被污染的水对鱼类有害。Pollutedwaterisfish.【答案】harmfulto要点10begoodfor对……有好处，其中for是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。反义短语：bebadfor对……有害拓展:①b

egoodat意为“擅长”。同义短语：dowellin②begoodto意为“对……友好”③begoodwith意为“善于应付……的”。【典例分析】1.Thiskindoffoodwillbe______you,andifyoukeeponeat

ingit,youwillbehealthier.A.goodtoB.goodatC.goodforD.goodwith【答案】B。begoodto意为“对……友好”.begoodwith意为“善于应付……的”。begoodat意为“擅长”。begoodfor对……有好处.根据意思语

境选答案B要点11clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词是复数；cloth指布，为不可数名词；clothing是集合名词，为衣服、服装的总称，用于单数形式。Ourcl

othingprotectsusagainstthecold.我们的衣服用以御寒。【典例分析】1.Thiskindof________feelsverycomfortableanditisusedformakingblouses.A.jobB

.bookC.paperD.cloth【答案】D。本题考查名词辨析。job意为“工作”，book意为“书”，paper意为“纸”，cloth意为“布”。结合语境可知应选D。2.用clothes,cloth,clothing填空We’recollectingfoodand____

_____forthepoor.Shehasalotof________inherbedroom.Sheboughtsome_________tomakeherselfadress.【答案】cloth

esclothingcloth要点12throwaway意为“扔掉”，其中away是副词。注意宾语it在throw和away中间。如【拓展】由throw构成的短语：①throwatsb.朝某人扔；②throwdown扔下；推翻；③throwoff摆脱；除去；④throwoneselfinto投身

于；⑤throwover舍弃；放弃【典例分析】1.Don't________therubbisheverywhere.It'sbadfortheenvironment.A.findoutB.pointoutC.takeawayD.throwaway【答案】D。本

题考查短语动词辨析。findout意为“发现；查明”，pointout意为“指出”，takeaway意为“拿走”，throwaway意为“扔掉”。结合语境可知应选D。2.Don't________thebooks.Wecanuseitag

ain.A.findoutB.pickupC.writedownD.throwaway【答案】本题考查短语动词辨析。findout意为“发现；查明；弄清”，pickup意为“拿起；举起”，writedown意为“写下；记下”，t

hrowaway意为“扔掉；丢弃”，结合语境可知应选D。3.Theoldclothescanbereused.It'sto.A.waste;throwthemawayB.wasteful;throwthemawayC.waste;throwawaythemD.wast

eful;throwawaythem【答案】B句意:旧衣服可以被再次利用。扔掉它们很浪费。throwaway扔掉,为动词+副词结构,和代词连用时代词应该放在中间;第一空表示“浪费的”,应用形容词was

teful作表语。故选B。要点131.对……有危险2.做某事是没用的3.节约能源4.关灯5.找某人，求见某人6处理7.把…分成…8.扔掉9.对某人/某物有害10.把......变成......11.大量的，许多的12.作出改变13.期待/

盼望某事14.采取措施做某事15.尽某人最大努力做某事16.打扫，清理17.解决，解答18.照顾，照料19.注意【答案】1.beadangerto2.It’snouse/gooddoingsth.3.saveenergy4.turnoffthelights5.askforsb.6.dealw

ith/dowith7.divide…into…8.throwaway9.beharmfultosb./sth.=doharmtosb./sth.10.change...into=turninto11.tonsof

12.makeachange13.hopeforsth.14.takestepstodosth.15.tryone’sbesttodosth.16.cleanup17.workout18.lookafter19.payattentionto知识要点二：语法1.合成构词法由

两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫合成构词法。合成词在英语中比较活跃。合成形容词很常见,多数用作定语,有些作表语;合成名词作主语或宾语;合成动词用作谓语。合成名词classroom（名词+名词)black

board（形容词+名词）handwriting（名词+动名词)afternoon（介词+名词）合成形容词worldwide（名词+形容词)man-made（名词+过去分词）good-looking（形容词+现在分词）合成动词overcome（副词+动词)do

wnload（副词+动词）合成数词fifty-four（数词+数词）合成代词somebody（不定代词+名词)anything（不定代词+名词）myself（物主代词+名词）合成副词downstairs（介词+名词

）whole-heartedly（形容词+副词）2.派生构词法在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词,这种构词法叫派生构词法。由此构成的新单词成派生词,加前缀或后缀的单词叫词根。词根是基础,同一个词根加上不同的词缀可以组成不同意义或不同性质的词。加在单词前面的词缀叫

前缀,加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。前缀多改变词义,后缀多改变词性。前缀例词en-(使)enable,enrichun-（不,非;表示否定）unfriendly,unpleasant,uncomfortable,unlikeunusual,unhappydis-（不,非;表示

否定）disadvantage,dishonest,disagree,dislikein-（不,非）incorrect,informalim-(不,非)impossible,impolitere-(又,再,重来)review,rewrite后缀例词-or/-er/-ian(……人,名词后

缀)actor,visitor,singer,Australian-ful(充满的……,形容词后缀)successful,beautiful,colourful,wonderful-tion(表示动作、状态,名词后缀)invitation,population,predic

tion-less(没有、无,形容词后缀)homeless,helpless,careless-y(表示性质,形容词后缀)funny,healthy,cloudy,windy-al(……的,形容词后缀)traditional,national,natural-able(有……特

性的,形容词后缀)comfortable,unforgettable-ness(状态、性质,名词后缀)illness,happiness-ly（以某种方式,副词后缀）quickly,happily,slowly

3.转化构词法一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种词性,这种构词法叫转化构词法。单词的形式没有变,只是词性和意思有变化。1.名词转化为动词:shown.展览,展示→showv.表演，展出bookn.书→bookv.预定2.形容词转化为动词:slowadj.慢的→slowv.使

放慢3.动词转化为名词:walkv.步行→walkn.步行swimv.游泳→swimn.游泳一、将A中的单词和B中的单词配对，组成五个合成词。A:super,world,house,over,goodB:looking,do,market,wife,famo

us____________________________________________________________________________【答案】supermarketworld-famoushouse

-wifeover-dogood-looking二、词型转换(A)根据构词法写出下列单词的反义词。1．healthy________2.careful________3．possible________4.true__

______5．comfortable________6.usual________7．happy________8.helpless________【答案】(A)1.unhealthy2.careless3．impossible4.untrue5．uncomfor

table6.unusual7．unhappy8.helpful(B)写出下列单词的形容词形式。1．friend________2.worry________3．waste________4.harm________5．use________6.health________7．enviro

nment________8.pollute________(C)写出下列单词的名词形式。1．collect________2.visit________3．teach________4.sick________5．happy________6.safe________

7．honest________8.lonely________【答案】(B)1.friendly2.worried3.wasteful4．harmful5.used/useful/useless6．healthy7.environmenta

l8.polluted(C)1.collection2.visitor3.teacher4．sickness5.happiness6.safety7．honesty8.loneliness三、根据语境用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.I

t’s__________(usual)forafour-year-oldboytowritepoemssowell.2.MarygothurtinP.E.class.Wesenthertothehospital__________(quick).3.Asavolunteer,it’s

the________(six)timeforhimtohelpthekidsinAfrica.4.LaoShewasagreat__________(write)andhe’sespeciallyfamousforhisplay,Teahouse.5.Manypeopleenj

oyreadinge-books,butI__________(like)itasit’sbadfortheeyes.6.How____________(care)youare!You’veknockedthecupoffthetableagain!7.W

hichteamdoyouthinkwillbethe_____________(win)ofthe20thFIFAWorldCup?8.Nickwenthomequitelateandhismotherlookedathim_____________(happy).9.Jo

anwashappybecauseshewasgivensome____________(use)giftslastweek.10.LiNaisafamoustennis____________(play).11

.Hecan’tevenmovebecauseofhis_______________(ill).12.Somewildanimalsmay__________(appear)foreverifwedon’tstophuntingthem.13.Itoftenrains________

__(heavy)inthisseasoneveryyear.14.Nanjinglooksmuchmorebeautifulon__________(snow)days.15.Larryhasputontoomuchweightb

ecauseofhis_________(healthy)diet.16.It’scooland_________(sun)inautumninourhometown.17.Theplanelanded_________(safe)yesterday.18.

Playingtoomanycomputergamesis____________(harm)toyou.19.Weshouldspeaktotheoldman_____________(polite).20.Heansweredallthequ

estions___________(correct),sohegotahighgradeinthefinalexam.21.Annahadafeveryesterday,soshewas_____________(able)togotoschool.2

2.Don’ttelllies.Nobodylikesthose_____________(honest)people.23.Shenzhenisinthe__________(south)partofChi

na.24.Toimproveyourwritingskills,you’dbetter_____________(development)ahabitofreading.25.Ithinkthisdictionaryis__________(help)toyourst

udy.【答案】1.unusal2.quickly3.sixth4.writer5.dislike6.careful7.winner8.unhappily9.useful10.player11.illness12disappear13.

heavily14.snowy15.unhealthy16.sunny17.safely18.harmful19.politely20.correctly21.unable22.unhonest23.southern

24.develop25.helpful话题十二：保护环境人类只有一个地球，这是我们赖以生存的地方，保护环境是我们义不容辞的责任。那么我们应该怎样从身边小事做起来保护我们的环境、拯救地球呢?请以“Whatshoul

dwedotoprotectourenvironment?”为题目写一篇英语短文。内容包括：1.保持城市干净整洁，不再随地吐痰、扔垃圾。2.更多植树种花，回收纸张和水。3.出门前记得关灯等。作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。2.语句连贯，词数80

个左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。Whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?Wehaveonlyoneearth.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironmen

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_____【答案】Wehaveonlyoneearth.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.Firstofall,Ithinkweshouldkeepourcitycleanandtidy.Don’tspitinpublicorthrowrub

bisheverywhere.Second,plantmoretreesandflowersaroundthecitytomaketheaircleanandtheenvironmentbeautiful.Also,it’simportanttorecyclepape

randwater.Finally,tosavemoreenergy,remembertoturnoffthelightswhenweleavetheroomLet’stryourbesttomakeourworldmoreandmorebeauti

fulinthefuture.