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单元素养评价(一)UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Inastore.B．Inacar.C．Inthehospital.2．Whendidthewoman'ssongraduate?A．

In1980.B．In1981.C．In1982.3．WhatisJanedoingnow?A．Typingaletter.B．Changingherclothes.C．Havingameal.4．W

hatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A．Shecannotread.B．Shehasnowatch.C．Sheistoobusy.5．Whatisthewomanridingin?A．Inabus.B．Inataxi

.C．Onaplane.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各

小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatshallwedoifsomethingiswrongwiththewatch?A.Senditbacktothefactory.B．Haveitrepair

ed.C．Exchangeitintheshop.7．Howmuchdidthemanpayforthewatch?A．700dollars.B．750dollars.C．Forfree.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．

Howlongwilltheystaythere?A．5weeks.B．3weeks.C．Wedon'tknow.9．Howmanyroomsdidtheybook?A．4.B．2.C．3.10．What'sthenumberforthesingleroom?

A．No.9.B．No.7.C．No.6.听第8段材料，回答第11、12题。11．Wherewasthemanwhenthemurderhappened?A．Onthewaytothestation.B．Onthewaytowork.C．Onthewayhome.12．Whendidtheman

arriveatthestation?A．At8：10.B．At10：08.C．At7：50.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Howmanycountrieshasthemanvisited?A．5.B．4.C．3.14．Wh

ydidthemanvisitthem?A．Inmostcases,towork.B．Inmostcases,forholidays.C．Inmostcases,onbusiness.15．Whend

idthemanworkinFrance?A．In1950s.B．In1960s.C．In1970s.16．HowlongdidheworkinFrance?A．Afewweeks.B．Afewmonths.C．Afewyears.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．What'stod

ay'sweatheringeneral?A．Windy.B．Cloudy.C．Sunny.18．Whichisthehighesttemperaturetoday?A．25degrees.B．19degrees.C．16degrees.19．Howdoyou

findtheweatheratnight?A．Dry.B．Wet.C．Windy.20．Howmanyhoursdoestheweatherreportprobablycover?A．48.B．24.C．12.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(

共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A[2023·福州市高二适应性考试]Womenscientistsaroundtheworldhavemadesignificantcontributionst

oStem(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChie

nshiung(1912～1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld

'sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparityinphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwa

sawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu'scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914～2000)Austria­bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilms

andmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself­taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acompose

r,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.Ka

therineJohns(1918～2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson'scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33

­yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomput

er”．TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherfore

ignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria.Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChinese

NobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.21．Besidesbeinganinventor,HedyLamarrisalsoa(n)________．A．compos

erB．producerC．actressD．mathematician22．WhatisTuYouyou'sgreatestcontributiontotheworld?A．Shetreatedpeopleforcancer.B．Sheisthe

firstChineseNobelwinner.C．Herdiscoveryhelpedsavemillions.D．Herresearchprojectisoneofakind.23．Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommonaccord

ingtothetext?A．Theysharedthesameinterest.B．Theyeachconstructedatheory.C．TheywereallawardedtheNobelPrize.D．Theyallma

deadifferencetotheworld.B[2023·龙岩市高二第一学期联考]GeorgeShullwasbornin1874onafarminClarkCounty,Ohio,andhisknowledgeofplan

tsandhybridscameatanearlyage.Beingneededonthefarm,Shullreceivedhisearlyformaleducationoff__and__on.However,itwassupplemented(增

补)byintensehomestudysothatby1892.Hewasteachinginapublicschool,andlaterattendingAntiochCollege.In1901,hegraduatedfromAntiochandwentto

theUniversityofChicagotodograduatework.Withhisknowledgeofbotanyandexperiencewithfarmingpractices,ShullpassedaCivilServiceexam

,andwasappointedasabotanicalassistantattheU.S.NationalHerbarium.HealsoworkedattheU.S.BureauofPlantIndustryasabotanicalexpertexaminingtheplan

tsandanimalsofChesapeakeBayandCurrituckSound.ThedatahecollectedduringthistimewastocomprisehisPh.D.thesis(论文).Andin1904hewasappointedtobeincha

rgeofplantworkattheStationforExperimentalEvolution.Hebeganworkingoncornin1905.FollowingGregorMendel'sexample,Shullobtainedpurebred(纯种

的)linesofcornthroughself­pollination(自花授粉).Thepure­bredlineswerelesshealthyandproductive,butwhenhecrossedthepure­bredlines,thehybridyieldswerebe

tterthananyoftheparentsorthosepollinatedintheopenfields.Heimmediatelyrecognizedthepotentialforusingthisstrategytoimprovecropyields.In1915,Shullac

ceptedaprofessorshipatPrincetonUniversity.Withhisencouragement,PrincetonUniversityPressbeganthepublicationofanewjournal，Genetics.Shu

llwasthemanagingeditorfortenyears.Geneticsisstilloneofthetopinternationalsciencejournals.Shullretiredin1942.Heandhiswifespent

mostoftheirlateryearswiththeirchildrenandgrandchildren.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“offandon”inparagraph1mean?

A．Notsurprisingly.B．Veryformally.C．Veryexcellently.D.Notregularly.25．What'sparagraph2mainlyabout?A．GeorgeShull'scontributi

ons.B．GeorgeShull'sresearch.C．GeorgeShull'sworkexperience.D．GeorgeShull'seducation.26．WhatwassospecialaboutShull'smeth

odofcornbreeding?A．Itcompletelyreliedonself­pollination.B．ItwasfirstpublishedinGenetics.C．ItwaswidelyacceptedinOhio.D．Itfocusedoncrossingpu

re­bredlines.27．Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Byfollowingtimeorder.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Bypresentingascientificstudy.C

[2023·山东师范大学高二上学期期中]“Thefailuretoplayisnowaseriousissueanditcallsforactionforchange，”saysSirKenRobinson,aleadingexpertineducation,creativityandh

umandevelopment.ThisisthedrivingforcebehindOutdoorClassroomDay—aglobalteacher­ledcampaign,supportedbyDirtisGood,acompanyproducingdai

lychemicalproducts.OutdoorClassroomDay,takingplaceon17thMayand1stNovemberthisyear,willseeschoolsaroundtheworldswaptheinsidefortheoutside

andtakelearningintotheplaygroundandbeyondtomakeplaytimeakeypartoftheschoolday.Thismightinvolveusingnatu

ralobjectslikestonestodosums,orgoingonaninsecthunttoencouragecuriosity.Bynow,OutdoorClassroomDayhasgrownf

romagrassrootsmovementtoaglobalcampaignthatisexpectedtobenefitfivemillionchildrenandover40，000schoolsfromallaroundth

eworldin2018.Thisishelpingtochangethetrendthatseesmanyschoolssellinguporbuildingontheirplaygroundsandcuttingbackonplaytimetomakemoreroomforacademics

tudies,whileathomechildren'slivesareincreasinglyfilledwithorganizedactivitiesintendedtohelpthemlearn.Todayglobally61%ofparent

ssurveyedintheDirtisGoodQualitativeStudysaidthatchildrendon'tknowhowtoplaywithoutusingtechnology.OutdoorClassroomDayismakingplayingtimehappen

,with22%ofparticipatingschoolshavingincreasedtheirplaytimesincejoiningthecampaign.93%ofteacherssurveyedsawimprovements

inchildren'screativityafterplayingoutside,and97%believethattimeoutdoorsisnecessaryforchildrentoreachtheirfullpot

ential.Scientificstudiesshowthatrealplay—theactive,physical,self­directedplay—isessentialforchildrentodevelopkeylifeskillsth

atarenottaughtelsewhere.Fewwouldquestionthevalueofdevelopingcreativity,leadership,resourcefulness,andcuriosity.28．WhatdochildrendoonOutdoorCla

ssroomDay?A．HaveP．E.classesontheplaygrounds.B．Haveadayoffandgoplayinganywhere.C．Learnandplaybyusingnaturalthingsoutside.D．Playon

theirownwithouttheteachers'guidance.29．Whydochildrenspendlesstimeoutdoors?A．Schoolsstopprovidingplaygrounds.B．Ad

ultsignoretheimportanceofplaytime.C.Parentsprefertohomeschooltheirchildren.D．Technologyhelpschildrenlearnbetterathome.30．Wh

at'stheschoolteachers'attitudetowardsthecampaign?A．OpposedB．ColdC．EnthusiasticD．Favourable31．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Tointr

oduceanactivity.B．Toadvertiseaproduct.C．Toentertainthepublic.D．Topersuadestudentstoplay.D[2023·湖北省部分高中高二上学期期中]Mostpeopl

ehavenoideawhattodowiththeirolddrugs.Unusedorexpired(到期的)medicineslyingaroundathomecangetintothewronghands,leadingtoaccidentalpoisoningordr

ugoverdose.Whendrugsareflushedorsenttolandfill,themedicinescanpolluteourgroundwater,rivers,andstreams,threateninghumanandseal

ife.Inanefforttofindasolutionfordrugskeptinmedicineboxesorwaterways,theU．S.DrugEnforcementAdministrationlauncheditsfirstNationalTake­BackD

ayinSeptember2010.Inthedrugtake­backprogram,thereturneddrugsaresenttomedicalwasteincinerators(焚烧炉).However,theproce

ssoftransportingandburningsuchwastecanreleasegreenhousegasemissionsthatcouldbepotentiallygreaterthanthosegeneratedift

hedrugswerepouredintolandfills.“Buttake­backprogramsarepreferredastheyreducetheriskofdrugmisuseandtheincinerationeff

ectivelyeliminatestheentranceofthesemedicinesintoournation'swaters，”saysTimCarroll,aspokespersonfortheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Perhap

ssurprisingly,notallunusedmedicinesneedtobethrownaway.Everyyearfivebilliondollars'worthofunexpiredmedicinesendupbeingdesertedint

heU.S.“We'rewastingalotofmedicineswhicharealreadypaidfor，”saysAnandiLaw,apatientengagementspecialist.“Mil

lionsofU．S.adultsskipordelaygettingtheirprescriptionsfilledduetohighcosts.Wecouldgivethemtosomebodyelsewhoneedsit.”Now,atleast40stat

eshavepassedlegislationestablishingdrugdonationprogramsthatallowdrugmanufacturers,medicalandlong­termcarefacilities,andsometimesindiv

idualstodonatetheirunuseddrugs.Forexample,sinceitsstartin2007,Iowa'sprogram,SafeNetRx,hasservedmorethan117，000patientsa

ndredistributednearly54­million­dollarworthofmedicinesandsupplies.Georgia'sprogramformallylaunchedin201

8,andithasalreadyfilledprescriptionsworthover50milliondollars.“Alloftheseeffortsarestillrelativelynew，”Carrollsays.“Westillhavealongwaytogountilhou

seholdschangetheirhabits.”32．Whatdisadvantageofthedrugtake­backprogramismentionedinparagraph2?A．Itcostslargeamountsofmon

ey.B．Itincreasesthegreenhouseeffect.C．Itcanproducepoisonouschemicals.D．Itwasteslotsofenergytodealwitholddr

ugs.33．WhatisTimCarroll'sattitudetowardsthetake­backprogram?A．Cautious.B．Indifferent.C．Supportive.D．Disapproving.34．WhatisAnandiLaw'ssuggestionaboutu

nusedandunexpiredmedicines?A．Sendingthemtolandfills.B．Sellingthematalowprice.C．Donatingthemtosomeoneinneed.D．Develo

pingtechnologiestorecyclethem.35．Whatdothenumbersinparagraph5mainlyindicate?A．ThechallengingtaskofSafeNetRx.B．Theexpenseofrecyclingunus

eddrugs.C．Thesignificanceofhealthcarefacilities.D．Theachievementsofdrugdonationprograms.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读

下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市高二联考]Asaparent,youwantyourkidstodotheirbestinschool.Youa

lreadyknowplentyofsleep,healthyfoodandsomeschoolsuppliesarenecessary.However,whatelsedochildrenneedtobesucc

essfulwithoutaprofessionalhomeworkhelper?__36__Keepitordered.__37__Hence,haveyourkidskeepaheadoftheirhomeworkwithanorganizedsy

stem.Forexample,theycoulduseaschedulingapplicationlikeAsanaorTrellotomanageprojectswitharrangeddates,ortheymightstickt

oanold­fashionedpenandapaperplanner.Seewhatworksbestforthemandgofromthere.Breakprojectsdown.Manychildrengetstressedoutwhentheyhavebigassign

mentsdue.__38__Oftenpeoplegetfrightenedbythedifficultyoftaskswithoutunderstandingthatthelargetaskisactuallyjustmad

eupofsmallerones.Anothersolutionistouseaprojectproposaltohelpkeepthemontrackwithhomeworkandprojects.Avoiddelayingtasks

.Onemistakestudentsusuallymakeispostponingunpleasantworkanddeliberatelylookingfordistraction.Teachyourchildrenthattheworkloadis

n'tgoingtogetsmalleriftheywaitlonger.__39____40__Thereareagrowingnumberofonlinereferencesandhomeworkresource

s.Notonlywillyourchildrenbebetterpreparedforclassthenextday,butthey'llalsolearnavaluablelessonabouthowtoresearchandfindinformatio

nonline.Fromthemyoucanalsofindideasforeducationalactivitiesthatyoucandowithyourchildren.A.Gethelponline.B．Focusonhomework.C．Onlineapplicati

onsarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.D．Herearesometipsfromeducatorsandprofessionalsforhelpingyourchildrenwithit—bothathomeandsc

hoolcampus.E．Organizationisthekeytosuccess,becauseitcanmaximizeefficiency.F．Teachthemtobreaklargerprojectsintosmallerpieces.G．Instead,itw

illonlybecomelargerandseemmoredifficulttogetstarted.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可

以填入空白处的最佳选项。[2023·山东省青岛地区高二上学期期中]DrLinQiaozhiwasanamazingwomandoctorinChina.Atage18,insteadoffollowing

the__41__pathofmarriage,shechosetostudymedicine.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagood__42__shouldbetheirfin

algoal！”herbrother__43__，thinkingofthehightuitionfees.Sheresponded,“I'dratherstay__44__tostudyallmylife！

”Eightyearslater,LingraduatedfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege(PUMC)andbecameadoctor.Later,shewassenttostudyintheUS.She

greatly__45__herAmericancolleagues,whoinvitedhertostay.DrLin,however,__46__theoffer.Shewantedtoservethepeopleat__47__.In1941,thehospita

lwas__48__becauseofthewar.Thinkingofthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopeneda__49__clinic(诊所)whereshe__50__verylowfeestotreatpatients.In1954,shewaselec

tedtothefirstNationalPeople'sCongressand,overthenextyears,sheheldmanyimportant__51__.However,shewasmore__52__intendingpatie

ntsandtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctors.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried,she__53__the“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingde

liveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.DrLindidnot__54__untilthedayshedied,22April1983.Shelefthersavingstoakindergartenandaf

undfornew__55__.41．A.smoothB．traditionalC．essentialD．complicated42．A.jobB．chanceC．collegeD．husband43．A.complainedB．agreedC．advisedD．explained44．A.

singleB．poorC．youngD．active45．A.surprisedB．excitedC．impressedD．influenced46．A.rejectedB．thankedC．appreciatedD．lost47．A.

hospitalB．easeC．homeD．once48．A.goneB．rebuiltC．enlargedD．closed49．A.privateB．smallC．modernD．special50．A.paid

B．reducedC．chargedD．refused51．A.meetingsB．viewsC．positionsD．shares52．A.strictB．interestedC．nervousD．anxious53．A.regrettedforB．wasknownasC．wasin

favorofD．wasproudof54．A.workB．struggleC．relaxD．retire55．A.timesB．doctorsC．medicineD．prize第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形

式。[2023·河北省邢台市高二上学期第一次检测]HuangWenxiu,anofficialinBainivillageinBaise,GuangxiZhuangautonomousregion,56.________(lose)herlifeattheageof30when

aflashfloodsweptherawayasshewasdrivingbacktowork.Afterearning57.________master'sdegreefromBeijingNormalUniversityin2016,Huangreturne

dtoBaise,herhometown,insteadofseekingacareerinthecapital.“Igrewupinaremotemountainousvillage58.________quiteanumberoffo

lkarestrugglingwithpoverty,andallIwishistodomypart59.________(improve)theirlives，”sheoncesaid.Withthegoalofbuildingamoder

atelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,theChinesegovernmentsteppedup60.________(it)nationwidecampaigntoremovepovertyin2015.Huangvolunteeredt

ojointhegrassrootspovertyalleviation(基层扶贫)effortand61.________(appoint)PartychiefofBainiin2018.Huangintroduce

dtangerine(橘)growingtechniquestothevillage,expandedtheplantingareaandemphasizedthe62.________(important)ofe­comme

rcesales.Thanks63.________Huang'seffortsduringhertimeinoffice,thevillagecollectiveeconomydeveloped64._____

___(rapid).418villagersfrom88householdswereliftedoutofpoverty,withthevillage'spovertyrate65.________(decrease)from22.88percentto2.71percent.第四部

分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)[2023·河北省保定市高二上学期期末]假设你是李华。为了响应国家“了解中国科技发展的伟大成就，坚定文化自信”的号召，你校计划举办一场主题为“WhatMakesaGreatScientist？”的演讲比赛，请你写一

篇英语演讲稿参赛。内容包括：1．列举一位伟大的科学家；2．伟大的原因；3．你的感想。注意：1．词数应为80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语

续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。[2023·厦门实验中学高二上学期期中]Whenshewastwelveyearsold,RahaearnedascholarshiptostudyataboardingschoolinEngland.Herfathertoldhertostudy

hardandpracticerunningeverydayinEngland.Shenoddedbecausethatismucheasierthanstayinghappyinacompletelynewcountry.Several

dayslater,shekissedherfamilyandboardedtheplaneforEngland.Astheplanetookoff,shelookedoutofthewindowatthegoatsandbrownrivers

ofKenya.Shestareddownatthegreenfieldswheresheusedtorunlikethewind,barefoot(赤脚的)．AtschoolinEngland,Ra

hahadlotsofmathproblemstosolve,essaystowrite,andbookstoread.Shealsojoinedintheschoolrunningteam.Theywerepreparingf

oranimportantrunningrace,inwhichrunnersfromdifferentschoolstookpart.Inordertopracticerunning,hercoachgaveherastripedshirt,whiteshorts,shoeswithcle

ats(防滑钉)andanotherpairwithspongysoles(吸水鞋底)forcross­country.Honestlyspeaking,shehadalwaysrunbarefootathome,soth

eshoesfelttight.ButalltheotherrunnersworeshoesandRahadidn'twanttobedifferent.Theteampracticedeveryweekdayafternoon.OnSaturdays,

everyonewatchedfootball—everyonebutRaha.Shewouldrunaloneonthecountryroadsbarefootandrunoverfieldsthickwithmudjustasi

nherhometown.Eachdayatlunch,shewouldsitaloneinthelargedininghall,eatingdishestotallystrangetoherandmissingherfam

ily.OneSaturday,Raharanupahillandfoundherselfinabarnyard.Tohersurprise,oneofherclassmates,Thomas,stoodjustins

idethebarndoors.Afterhegreetedher,Rahaasked,“Whyaren'tyouwatchingfootball？”“Ihavetohelpmyfather，”saidThomas,“butwhyaren'tyouwearingyourshoes

？”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Onhearingthisquestion,Rahafeltawkward._____________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________Onthedayoftherace,alltherunn

erswerewearingprofessionalsuitsandshoesexceptRaha.________________________________________________________________________________

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