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2020年福州市高中毕业班第三次质量检测英语试卷第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B.C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWanttobemoresuccessful?I
fso,thenyouneedtoreadafewself-helpbooks.Herearefourpopularonestogetyougoing.59Seconds(2009)byRichardW
isemanThisisaself-helpbookwithadifference.Wiseman,ascientist,usessciencetoprovemanyself-helpmyths(神话)arefalse.Forexample,sel
f-helpbookssaythatifyouwanttoachieveagoal,youshouldvisualizeit.ButWisemansaysthat'stheworstthingtodo.Studiesshowthatyouneedtovisualizethestepsrequ
iredtoachievethegoal.HowtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople(1936)—byDaleCarnegieThisisthebookthatlaunchedtheself-helptype.Carnegiesaysfinancialsuc
cessis15%professionalknowledgeand85%theabilitytoexpressideas,assumeleadership,andmotivatepeople.Thebookisfullofpracticaladviceonhowtoinfl
uencepeoplebymakingthemlikeyou.TheMillionaireNextDoor(1996)byThomasStanley&WlliamDankoTheauthorsofthi
sbookspentyearsinterviewingAmericanmillionairestofigureoutthesecretsoftheirsuccess.Andtheydiscoveredthatamajorityofmilliona
iresdon'tliveluxurylifestyles.They'rerichbecausetheylivebelowtheirmeansandreinvestwhattheyearn.WhoMovedMyCheese?(1998)-bySpencerJohnsonW
hoMovedMyCheese?AnAmazingWaytoDealwithChangeinYourWorkandinYourLife,publishedonSeptember8,1998,isamotivationalbusinessfable.Thetextdescribescha
ngeinone'sworkandlife,andfourtypicalreactionstothosechangesbytwomiceandtwo“littlepeople”,duringtheirhuntforcheese.1.Whatisthekeytoachievi
ngsuccessin59Seconds?A.Toemployscience.B.Tofollowexamples.C.Topictureprocedures.D.Tovisualizethegoal.2.W
hatisDaleCarnegie'sbookmainlyabout?A.Howtomasteroccupationalknowledge.B.Howtoapplypracticaltechniques.C.Howtogainstro
ngmanagement.D.Howtobecomepopularpersons.3.Whichbookcanhelpyouadapttochangeinyourlife?A.59SecondsB.WhoMovedMyCheese?C.TheMillion
aireNextDoorD.HowtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四本有助于变得更成功的自助书籍。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据59Seconds(2009)byRichardWiseman部分中Studies
showthatyouneedtovisualizethestepsrequiredtoachievethegoal.可知研究表明,你需要设想实现目标所需的步骤。由此可知,要想在59秒内取得成功,关键是要把步骤想象出来。故
选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HowtoWinFriends&InfluencePeople(1936)—byDaleCarnegie部分中Thebookisfullofpracticaladviceonhowtoinfluencepeoplebymakingthemlikeyou.可知这本书
里有很多实用的建议,教你如何通过让别人喜欢你来影响别人。由此可知,DaleCarnegie的书主要讲了如何成为受欢迎的人。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中WhoMovedMyCheese?AnAmazingWaytoDealwithChangeinYourWor
kandinYourLife,publishedonSeptember8,1998,isamotivationalbusinessfable.Thetextdescribeschangeinone'sworkandlife,andfourtypica
lreactionstothosechangesbytwomiceandtwo“littlepeople”,duringtheirhuntforcheese.可知1998年9月8日出版的《谁动了我的奶酪?处理工作和生活变化的神奇方法》是一个励志的商业寓言。文章描述了工作和生活的变
化,以及两只老鼠和两个“小人物”在寻找奶酪的过程中对这些变化的四种典型反应。由此可知,《谁动了我的奶酪?》这本书可以帮助你适应生活中的变化。故选B。BWhenMilletwasaboyheworkedonhisneedyfather'sfarm.Atthere
sthourinthefieldstheotherworkerswouldalltakenaps,butyoungMilletwouldspendtimedrawing.Finally,thevillagewherehelivedgavehimalittlemo
neytoParistostudyart.WhenMilletreachedParis,hehadatoughtime.Fortunately,whenhewasalmoststarving,someoneboughtoneofhispeasantpaintings,whiche
nabledhisfamilytoleaveforBarbizon.Millet'spicturesofpeasantsatworkwerepaintedinauniqueway.Thepainterwouldgooutonthefarmsandwatchthemcarefully—
digging,hoeing,spreadingmanure,sawingwood,orsowinggrain.Thenhewouldcomehomeandpaintwhathehadseen.Soastonishinglyaccuratewashismemorytha
thecouldpaintathomewithoutmodelsandgetallthemovementsofhisfiguresright.Whenhedidneedafiguretogoby,hewouldaskhiswife
toposeforhim.Oneofhisnotedartworksiscalled“TheSower”,whichshowsamanseeding.Hereachesintohisbagforseedandth
enswingsbackwardtoscattertheseed,andwitheachswingofhishandthesowerstridesforward.InMillet'spicturethesowerhasbeenworkinghard,bu
thisswingingstepandarmstillmovesmoothly,likeamachine.Onlytheman'sheadrevealshisgreattiredness.Anothermasterpieceiscall
ed“TheGleaners”.Agleanerissomeonepickinguptheleftoverinthefieldafterthewheatharvest.WhenfarmersnearBarbizonareextremelybadly-off,eventhelittl
ethegleanerscanfindisahelp.YoucanseefromMillet'spicturewhatback-breakingworkgleaningmustbe.4.WhatdoweknowaboutMillet?A.Hiswifesupportedhimtobeapai
nter.B.Hewaskeenonpaintingasakid.C.HespenthiswholelifeinBarbizon.D.HewasbroughtupinParis.5.Howdidhepaintthelabo
ringfarmers?A.Askingmodelsforhelp.B.Imaginingfiguresinthefield.C.Rememberingwhathehadobserved.D.Recallingthedaysonhisfather'sf
arm.6.WhatdoMillet'sworksconvey?A.Thefarmers'hardships.B.Thesceneoffarming.C.Hisloveforthevillage.D.Hisanxietyab
outthefarmers.7.WhatpaintingstyleofMilletcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Impressionistic.B.Abstract.C.Romantic.D.Realistic.
【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Millet从小就喜欢画画,他的画作主要描绘了农民劳动时的场景。他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民,且Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。
文章最后介绍了他的两幅作品。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中WhenMilletwasaboyheworkedonhisneedyfather'sfarm.Attheresthourinthefieldstheotherworkerswouldalltakena
ps,butyoungMilletwouldspendtimedrawing.可知,当小米还是个孩子的时候,他在他父亲的农场工作。在田间休息的时候,其他的工人都会打盹,但小Millet会花时间画画。由此可知,Millet从小就喜欢画画。故选B。【5题
详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Thepainterwouldgooutonthefarmsandwatchthemcarefully—digging,hoeing,spreadingmanure,sawingwood,orsowinggr
ain.Thenhewouldcomehomeandpaintwhathehadseen.可知画家会到农场去,看他们仔细地挖土、锄地、撒肥料、锯木头或播种。然后他回到家,把他所看到的画出来。由此可知,他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据
倒数第二段中InMillet'spicturethesowerhasbeenworkinghard,buthisswingingstepandarmstillmovesmoothly,likeamachine.Only
theman'sheadrevealshisgreattiredness.可知在Millet的画中,播种者一直在努力工作,但他摆动的步伐和手臂仍然流畅地移动,像一台机器。只有这个男人的头部显露出他极度的疲惫。以及最后一段中YoucanseefromM
illet'spicturewhatback-breakingworkgleaningmustbe.可知从Millet的画中可以看出,拾穗是一项多么累人的工作。由此可推知,Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三
段中Millet通过观察劳动的农民来进行作画,以及最后两段描述Millet作品中农民耕作时现实的形象,由此可推知,Millet的绘画风格是现实主义的。故选D。CTheLondonInterdisciplinarySchool(LIS),scheduledtoope
nin2021withatargetofadmitting100students,willabandontraditionalacademicsubjectsandofferathreeyearbachelorofarts
andsciencesdegreedesignedtodealwithreal-worldissues.Thecurriculumisbuiltaroundinterdisciplinaryproblems—knifecrime,
childhoodobesity,plasticpollution,amongothers—aswellasquantitativeandqualitativeresearchskills.Employerslike
theMetPoliceandVirginwillprovideprojectideasandofferfive-weekworkexperienceforstudents.“We’regoingtotryandcreateareallyt
ransformationaleducationalexperiencewhereallthepeopleintheinstitutionarewakingupeverymorningandsaying,‘Howcanwetakethes
ebrilliantyoungpeopleandgivethemanamazinglearningexperience?”saysEdFidoe,aco-founderoftheLIS.TheideaissimilartoaU.S.liberalarts(通识教育)degre
ebutalsomorespecificallyfocusedonmultiplesubjects—economics,psychology,sociology,statistic,etc.—tosolvecomplexproblemslikechildho
odobesity.Inotherwords,theproblem,notthesubject,sitsatthecenterofthecurriculum.Theskillsstudentsdevelop,thefoundershope,willmorec
loselycomeintoagreementwithwhatanAl-infused,automatedworlddemands:collaboration(协作)betweenpeopleandmachines,cri
ticalthinking,speakingandwritingskill,anddatamanagement,tonamejustafewthings.Thechallengesofbuildinganewuniversityfromscratch
aredaunting(令人生畏的):studentshavetosignupfor,andpayfor,somethinguntested;alltheteacherswillhavetoteachinatotallynewa
nddifferentway;andthere’sariskthataninterdisciplinarycurriculumwillbeinterestingbutthin.Fidoesaysit’sat
allorder.“Areany17-year-oldsgoingtobecrazyenoughtocometosomethingthatdoesn’texistyetagainstsomethingthat’sbeenaroundfor150y
ears?”hesays.IntheU.K,studentsapplythroughanadmissionsservicecenter,andexamresultsaremoreimportantthananythingelse.Onthecontrary,atthe
LIS,studentswillinsteadapplydirectlyduringapre-determined“selectionday”whereeveryoneisinvitedtoparticipat
e.Thisdaywillincludeaface-to-faceinterviewsothatthecollegecanbetterunderstandastudent’sbackground,motivations,andpassions.8.WhatistheaimoftheLIS?A.T
oprovidemoreandmoreprojectideasforstudents.B.Totakeareal-worldapproachtohighereducation.C.Tohelpemployerstod
evelopthestudents’skills.D.Toconductqualitativeandquantitativeresearch.9.What’sspecialaboutthecurricul
umtheLISsetsup?A.Itissubject-centered.B.ItisbasedonAItechnology.C.Itcentersaroundsocialconcerns.D.Itcoverseverya
spectofsociety.10.Whatdoesthesentence“it’satallorder”underlinedinPara.3mean?A.It’sinterestingtoteachinanewapproach.B.It’sbo
undtoputthecurriculuminorder.C.It’sexcitingtotakeonnewchallenges.D.It’shardtobuildthenewuniversity.11.Whatcanwelearnabo
uttheLISfromthelastparagraph?A.Itpaysmoreattentiontoexamresults.B.Itfocusesmoreontheface-to-faceinterview.C.Itemphasizesstudents’perso
nalexperiencesandqualities.D.Itstressestheimportanceofispre-determined“selectionday”.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【解析】【分析】这是一
篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一所新的大学:伦敦跨学科学院(LIS)计划于2021年开学,目标是招收100名学生。该学院将放弃传统学科,提供三年的文学和科学学士学位,旨在解决现实世界的问题,同时讲述了设立该大学的困难和挑战。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第1句内容
“TheLondonInterdisciplinarySchool(LIS),scheduledtoopenin2021withatargetofadmitting100students,willabandontraditionalacademicsubjectsandofferath
reeyearbachelorofartsandsciencesdegreedesignedtodealwithreal-worldissues.(这所伦敦跨学科学院(LIS)计划于2021年开学,目标是招收100名学生。该学院将放弃传统学科,提供三年
的文学和科学学士学位,旨在解决现实世界的问题。)”可知,该大学的目标是教授学生如何解决现实世界的问题。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“TheideaissimilartoaU.S.liberalartsdegreebutalsomore
specificallyfocusedonmultiplesubjects—economics,psychology,sociology,statistic,etc.—tosolvecomplexproblemslikechildhoodobesity.Inotherwo
rds,theproblem,notthesubject,sitsatthecenterofthecurriculum.(这个想法类似于美国的文科学位,但更具体地侧重于多个学科——经济学、心理学、社会学、统计学等——以解决诸如儿童
肥胖等复杂问题。换句话说,课程的中心是问题,而不是学科。)”可知,该大学设立的课程特别之处在于以诸如儿童肥胖等之类的社会关注问题为中心,并以此为中心侧重于多个学科解决问题。故选C项。【10题详解】词义猜测题。划线句为
对前文的总结。根据前文“Thechallengesofbuildinganewuniversityfromscratcharedaunting:studentshavetosignupfor,andpayfor,somethinguntested;al
ltheteacherswillhavetoteachinatotallynewanddifferentway;andthere’sariskthataninterdisciplinarycurriculumwillbeinterestin
gbutthin.(从零开始建设一所新大学的挑战是令人生畏的:学生们必须为未经测试的东西签字并付费;所有的老师都必须以一种全新的,不同的方式教学;跨学科的课程可能会很有趣,但却很单调。)”可知讲述了建立该大学的困难之
处,因此推知,划线句应是在总结讲述该大学课程的难以实现和实施。选项D“It’shardtobuildthenewuniversity.”符合文意。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容:Onthecontrary,attheLIS,studentswillin
steadapplydirectlyduringapre-determined“selectionday”whereeveryoneisinvitedtoparticipate.Thisdaywillincludeafa
ce-to-faceinterviewsothatthecollegecanbetterunderstandastudent’sbackground,motivations,andpassions.可知,在LIS,学生们将在预先确定的“选拔日”直接申请,每个人都被邀请参加,这一天将包
括一次面对面的面试,以便学院能够更好地了解学生的背景、动机和热情。因此可推知,该学校更加强调学生的个人背景和经验。C项“Itemphasizesstudents’personalexperiencesandqualities.(它强调学生的个人经历和
品质。)”为依据原文的合理推断。故选C项。【点睛】细节理解题考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然,答案并不一
定是文章中的原句,考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。比如文章的第1小题:1.WhatistheaimoftheLIS?A.Toprovidemoreandmoreprojectideas
forstudents.B.Totakeareal-worldapproachtohighereducation.C.Tohelpemployerstodevelopthestudents’skills.D.Toconductqualit
ativeandquantitativeresearch.根据题干关键词“aim”,利用寻读法可定位至文章第一段第1句内容“TheLondonInterdisciplinarySchool(LIS),scheduledtoopenin20
21withatargetofadmitting100students,willabandontraditionalacademicsubjectsandofferathreeyearbachelorof
artsandsciencesdegreedesignedtodealwithreal-worldissues.”可知,“todealwithreal-worldissues”应是用动词不定式结构表明该学院设立的目的,但选项中并未有原句表达,通过分析选项,与原文对比可知
,选项B“Totakeareal-worldapproachtohighereducation.(将真实世界解决问题的方法引入高等教育)”与原文表达含义一致。故B项为答案。DInaccessibleIslandiswellnamed.ItisanuninhabitedrockintheSout
hAtlanticocean.Gothere,though,andyouwillfinditscoastiscoveredwithlitter.ThathasbeentheexperienceofPeterRyanoftheUniversityofCapeTown
,inSouthAfrica.Since1984Dr.RyanhasbeenvisitingInaccessible,recordingthelitterstrandedontheisland'sbeaches.Thisweek,hehaspublishedt
heresults.ThoughInaccessibleisindeedremote,thenatureofoceaniccirculationmeansthatthisisexactlythesortofplacewherefloatingrubbishtendstoaccumulate.Dr.
Ryanandhiscolleaguesfocusedononeparticularclassoflitter:bottles.Theirdefinitionofabottleincludedjarsandcontai
ners,andthingsmadeofmetal,glassorpolymer.Most,though,wereofpolyethyleneterephthalate,alightplastic.Apar
ticularadvantageofpickingbottlestoinvestigateisthattheyareoftenstampedwiththeircountryofmanufacture.Thatenable
dDr.Ryantoanalyzethehistoryofoceaniclittering.Heanalyzedtheproportionsofbottlesfromvariousgeographicalsources.In1989thepreponderance(优势)ofthem(67%)wa
sSouthAmerican.Twentyyearslater,in2009,bottlesmadeinAsiacontributedmoreorlessequally(44%)withSouthAmerican
ones(41%).By2018theoverwhelming(压倒性的)majority(74%)wereAsian.Thisgeographicalshiftspeaksvolumes.Thefirsts
amplesuggestsmostlitterarrivingonInaccessiblehadbeenwashedoffthelandordroppedfromcoastalshipping—SouthAmericabeingarelativelynearbycontinent.Theothe
rtwo,withtheirrisingproportionsofrubbishfromAsia,whichistoofarfromtheislandforittohavefloatedthere,str
onglysuggestitwascrews’emptiesbeingflungfromships.Suchlitteringisbanned—which,ironically,cameintoforcein1989.Butevidentlyalotofships’captainsdonotc
are.Theypermitthedumpingofrubbishovertheside,regardless.12.WhatleadstolittergatheringonInaccessibleIsland?A.Thenaturalphenomenonofoceancurrent
s.B.Toomanypeople’sactivitiesontheisland.C.Thelitter’sfloatingaroundtheisland.D.Theisland’sremotelocation.13.WhydoesDr.
Ryanchoosebottlesassubjects?A.Itiseasytoanalyzethem.B.Itispossibletofigureouttheirsources.C.Thereare
stampsattachedtothem.D.Theycontributemosttooceaniclittering.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flung”inthelastpar
agraphmean?A.Castaway.B.Givenaway.C.Carriedout.D.Putout.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PlasticBottlesWa
sheduponInaccessibleIslandB.GeographicalFactorsAccountingforMoreRubbishC.PlasticPollutionWorseningonRemoteAtlanticD.ABottledupRubbishProblemonI
naccessibleIsland【答案】12.A13.B14.A15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。Inaccessible岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而,去那里,你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。PeterRyan和他的同事们的一项研究发现Inacces
sible岛上的垃圾堆积的原因是因为洋流导致的,文章还说明了他们是如何进行调查从而发现这一原因的,他们发现岛上的垃圾都是从陆地上被冲走的,或者是从沿海的船只上扔下的。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段ThoughInaccessibleisindeedremote,thenatu
reofoceaniccirculationmeansthatthisisexactlythesortofplacewherefloatingrubbishtendstoaccumulate.可知,虽
然Inaccessible岛的确很遥远,但海洋环流的性质意味着这里正是漂浮垃圾容易堆积的地方。由此可知,洋流的自然现象导致了Inaccessible岛的垃圾堆积。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中Aparticularadvantageofpickingbottlestoinv
estigateisthattheyareoftenstampedwiththeircountryofmanufacture.可知,挑选瓶子进行调查的一个特别优点是,它们通常都印有生产国家的标志。由此可知,Ryan博士
选择瓶子作为实验对象是因为这样可能可以弄清瓶子的来源。故选B。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文Theothertwo,withtheirrisingproportionsofrubbishfromAsia,whichistoofarfromtheislandforittohavef
loatedthere,stronglysuggestitwascrews’emptiesbeing可知,另外两艘船中,来自亚洲的垃圾越来越多,因为亚洲离该岛太远,不可能漂浮在岛上,这有力地说明了这是船员从船上丢弃的空垃圾。由此可知
,划线单词意思为“丢弃”。A.Castaway.丢弃;B.Givenaway.分发;C.Carriedout.实施;D.Putout.熄灭。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段InaccessibleIslandiswellnamed.Itisa
nuninhabitedrockintheSouthAtlanticocean.Gothere,though,andyouwillfinditscoastiscoveredwithlitter.可知,Inaccessi
ble岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而,去那里,你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。结合文章主要介绍了Inaccessible岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而,去那里,你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。PeterRyan和他的
同事们的一项研究发现Inaccessible岛上的垃圾堆积的原因是因为洋流导致的,文章还说明了他们是如何进行调查从而发现这一原因的,他们发现岛上的垃圾都是从陆地上被冲走的,或者是从沿海的船只上扔下的。由此可知,D选项“Inaccessible岛上的垃圾问题
”最符合文章标题,故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyparentsseebusinessownershipasabetterbetfortheir
kids'futurethanagraduatedegree.Someparentsdescribeditastheopportunitytocontroltheirfortunesandhaveachancetoget
wealth.___16___.Infact,settingachildupinbusinessissurelyonebigtestofthatbond.Itisprobablyrisky:small-businessfailuresa
recommon,andparentsrisklosingtheirentireinvestment,theirlifesavings,ormore.Theyalsoriskhavingtheirrelationshipswit
hyoung-adultchildrenintentatthisstageonindependence.___17___.JonKelecy'sfathersethimuprecentlyinafranchise(加盟店).Jon,26
,lovestheworkandappreciateshisdad'ssupport.Buthedislikes"beinginhisfather'spocket"inspiteofalltheanxietyofastart-up.Manypare
ntschoosefranchisesfortheirkidsbecausetheyseemtooffermarketing,brandingandmanagementsupport.___18___.Onemotherl
ost$250,000whenafast-foodfranchiseshepurchasedforhersonfiled,Mr.Bundysays.Inanothercase,parentslost8350.000onacoffee-shopbusinesst
heyfinancedfortheirdaughter.___19___.“Asaparent,thebestgityoucaneverreceiveistoseeyourchildrenhappyandsuccessful,andequi
ppedtomakealiving,"MarvinHimelsays.___20___.Somestructureditasaloananddelayedrepayment.Otherstookstockinthebusiness,withanagreementthattheirchild
wouldusefutureearningstobuyitback.Someparentslookfartherahead,hopingtheirchildren'sbusinesswillsupporttheminretirement.A.It'shard
forchildrentomakeachoiceB.Afewvieweditasalong-terminvestmentC.Thesetupscanbestressfulforyoungadults,tooD.Butstart-upbus
inesscostsquitealot,andhashighrisksE.ParentsoftensaytheywoulddoanythingfortheirchildrenF.Childrenareeagertogetsupportfromtheirparentsinmanage
mentG.Forsomeparents,however,thepotentialrewardsseemworthalltherisk【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.G20.B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。在很多父母眼里,对于孩子的未来而言,拥有一家企业是比一纸毕业文
凭更好的选择。因此,一些家长出钱帮孩子创业,为老有所依。【16题详解】下一句提到“实际上,让孩子经商无疑是对这种承诺的一大考验。”承接下文,E选项“父母常说他们愿意为自己的孩子做任何事。”切题。选项中的doanythingfortheirchildr
en与下文的thatbond对应。故选E。【17题详解】前文提到“这可能是有风险的:小生意失败很常见,父母们可能会失去全部的投资、一辈子的积蓄,甚至更多。他们还可能会与现阶段打算独立的刚成年的孩子变得关系紧张。”承接上文,C选项“企业的组织筹划对年轻人来说也可能很有压力。
”切题。故选C。【18题详解】下文提到“有位母亲给儿子买了一家快餐特许加盟店,小店破产后,损失了25万美元。还有一个例子,一对家长为女儿买了一家咖啡店,结果损失了35万美元。承接下文,D选项“企业启动成本非常高,而且风险
大”切题。故选D。【19题详解】下文提到“马文·希墨尔说,作为一名家长,你能收到的最好礼物就是看着自己的孩子快乐成功,有谋生的能力。”承接下文,G选项“对一些家长来说,潜在的回报看起来值得冒这些风险。”切题。故选G。【20题详解】下文
提到“一些人把它作为一笔贷款和延期还款。还有人在企业中入股,同时签订协议规定他们的孩子会用未来的收益回购股份。”承接下文,B选项“一些人将其看成是一向长期投资。”切题。故选B。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下
面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AgroupofstudentsatYaleUniversityhassetupadrone(无人机)de
liveryserviceoncampus.KikiAir___21___todelivercandy,snacksandothersmallitemstostudentswhoplaceorders___22___anapp.Theserviceisbeingtes
ted___23___usingasmallgroupofstudentcustomersbeforebeinglaunched___24___wide.DeveloperstoldtheYaleDailyNewsthatusers___25___itemsfromamenu
ontheirphonesandreceivethematoneofseveraldrop___26___aroundcampusinapaddedenvelope___27___toadrone.KikiAir'sfound
er,YaleseniorJasonLu,sayshiscompany___28___fromaclassprojectandhas___29___a$150,000grant(补助金)fromaCalifornia-basedinvestorinsta
rtups.“Theconveniencestorebusinessmodelhasn'tbeen____30____inahundredyears,”Co-founderCatOrmantoldthestudentnewspa
per.“Deliveryis____31____,inefficientandpaysdiversterriblewages.WecreatedKikiAir____32____wewanttobringthatmodelintothefutureinthe____33___
_thatcreatesrealjobsandreducesthecarbonfootprint.”Customersarenotifiedwhenadroneis____34____theprearrangedd
ropzonetoensuretheyareintheareato____35____apackage.ThenewspaperreportedthataKikiAirdrone____36____lastweekontoacampuswalkway,butno
bodywas____37____.Omandescribedtheincidentasa“controlledlanding”andsaidthecompanyhasincreased____38____andwillimprov
etheserviceaftertheincident.Yaleofficialsdidn’timmediatelyreturn____39____leftonMondayseekingcomment.Companyofficialssay
theyhopeeventuallyto____40____theservicetoothercampuses.21.A.prefersB.promisesC.managesD.demands22.A.forB.toC.throughD.over23.A.currentlyB.gr
aduallyC.sincerelyD.fluently24.A.nationB.worldC.townD.campus25.A.orderB.requireC.consultD.accept26.A.directionsB.loc
ationsC.environmentsD.devices27.A.carriedB.addedC.attachedD.accessed28.A.grewB.datedC.benefitedD.differed29.A.raisedB.gainedC.savedD.do
nated30.A.updatedB.discoveredC.operatedD.explained31.A.convenientB.necessaryC.unpopularD.expensive32.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though33.
A.wayB.resultC.caseD.event34.A.findingB.leavingC.nearingD.locating35.A.doupB.pickupC.giveoutD.putout36.A.stoppedB.landedC.arrivedD.fell37.A.warne
dB.affectedC.injuredD.punished38.A.deliveringB.flyingC.controllingD.training39.A.itemsB.messagesC.serviceD.drone40.A.improveB.resto
reC.exchangeD.expand【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.B27.C28.A29.B30.A31.D32.C33.A34.C35.B36.D37.C38.D39.B40.D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在耶鲁大学试用的无人
机送货服务。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:KikiAir承诺,只要学生通过应用程序下订单,就能给他们送去糖果、零食和其他小商品。A.prefers更喜欢;B.promises向(某人)承诺(给予他们某物);向(某人)保证(他们
获得某物);C.manages管理;(设法)做成某事;D.demands要求。根据前文“adronedeliveryservice”可知,主语“Kiki”应是无人机送货服务,结合后文“delivercandy,snacksandothersmallitemstostudent
swhoplaceorders”可知,其应该保证给与下单的学生提供糖果,零食和其他小物品。故选B项。【22题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:KikiAir承诺,只要学生通过应用程序下订单,就能给他们送去糖果、零食和其他小商品。A.for为了;B.to朝向;C.through通过;
D.over在……之上。根据后文宾语为“anapp”,可知,应是通过该软件下单订购。故选C项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:这项服务目前正在一小部分学生客户中进行测试,然后在全校范围内推出。A.currently当前;一般地;B.graduall
y逐渐地;C.sincerely诚恳地;真诚地;D.fluently流利地;通畅地。根据句中“Theserviceisbeingtested___3___usingasmallgroupofstudentcustomersbeforebei
nglaunched___4__wide.”含有的语法结构为现在进行时的被动结构,因此可知,在讲述当前的情况。故选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这项服务目前正在一小部分学生客户中进行测试,然后在全校范围内推出。A.nation国家;民族;B.world世界;C.t
own城镇;D.campus校园。根据文章首句内容“AgroupofstudentsatYaleUniversityhassetupadronedeliveryserviceoncampus.”可知,该服务是要在校园
里开展的。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:研发人员告诉《耶鲁每日新闻》,用户从手机上的菜单上订购商品,然后在校园附近的几个投递地点之一收到商品,商品装在附在无人机上的软垫信封里。A.orde
r命令;订购;B.require要求;C.consult咨询;查阅;D.accept接受。根据后文宾语为items,意为“物品”,且主语为“users”,意为“用户”,可推知,应是用户通过手机订购物品。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:研发人员告诉《耶鲁每日新闻》,
用户从手机上的菜单上订购商品,然后在校园附近的几个投递地点之一收到商品,商品装在附在无人机上的软垫信封里。A.directions方向;说明书;B.locations地点;准确位置;C.environments环境;D.devices仪器;设备。根据前文“receivethem”可知,本句应
是讲述收货地点。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:研发人员告诉《耶鲁每日新闻》,用户从手机上的菜单上订购商品,然后在校园附近的几个投递地点之一收到商品,商品装在附在无人机上的软垫信封里。A.c
arried提;抱;携带;B.added增加;C.attached附;贴;系;D.accessed获取。根据前文“apaddedenvelope”,意为“软垫信封”,可知订购的商品被放在软垫信封里,而该信封应是附着在无人机上。attachto,固定
结构,意为“依附,附属;使贴/粘在……上”,符合句意要求。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:KikiAir的创始人、耶鲁大学大四学生JasonLu说,他的公司是从一个课堂项目发展起来的,并从加州的一个创业投资者那里获得了15万美元的资助。A.grew生长;B.dated给…
…标注日期;C.benefited有益于;得益;D.differed不同。结合句子“KikiAir’sfounder,YaleseniorJasonLu,sayshiscompany___8___fromaclassproj
ectandhas___9___a$150,000grantfromaCalifornia-basedinvestorinstartups.”句意可知,本句在讲述KikiAir的“创业”初始,起源于一个班级项目。growfrom“由……
发展起来”,符合句意要求。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:KikiAir的创始人、耶鲁大学大四学生JasonLu说,他的公司是从一个课堂项目发展起来的,并从加州的一个创业投资者那里获得了15万美元的资助。A.raised提高;筹集;B.gained获得;C.s
aved救助;储蓄;D.donated捐赠。根据后文“a$150,000grantfromaCalifornia-basedinvestorinstartups.”可知,150,000美元的补助金是从投资者那里获得的资助。gainsthfromsb.“从某人那里得到某物”。故选B项。
【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:便利店的商业模式已经有100年没有更新过了。A.updated更新;B.discovered发现;发觉;C.operated操作;D.explained解释。根据句子:The
conveniencestorebusinessmodelhasn’tbeen___10__inahundredyears,”Co-founderCatOrmantoldthestudentnewspaper.
“Deliveryis___11_,inefficientandpaysdiversterriblewages.”句意理解可知,“ahundredyears”,“inefficient”,“terribl
ewages”均可推测CatOrman在讲述一百年以来便利店的“不便之处”,工作模式未曾得到更新。故选A项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:运输成本高昂,效率低下,潜水员的工资也很低。A.convenie
nt方便的;B.necessary必要的;C.unpopular不受欢迎的;D.expensive昂贵的。根据后文“inefficientandpaysdiversterriblewages”可知,在讲述便利店的“不便之处”:送货效率低,给司机的工资也很低
,因此可推知,“昂贵的”也可为其不便之处。故选D项。【32题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:我们创造了KikiAir,因为我们想把这种模式带入未来,以创造真正的就业机会和减少碳足迹的方式。A.when当……时候;B.if如果;是否;C.because因为;D.though尽管。分
析可知,后文“wewanttobringthatmodelintothefutureinthe___13__thatcreatesrealjobsandreducesthecarbonfootprint(我们想把这种模式带入未来,以创造真正的就业机会和减少碳足迹的方式)”应
是之前句“WecreatedKiki”的原因,应用逻辑连词because引导。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们创造了KikiAir,因为我们想把这种模式带入未来,以创造真正的就业机会和减少碳足迹的方式。A.way方法
;道路;B.result结果;C.case情况;案例;D.event事件。分析可知,“thatcreatesrealjobsandreducesthecarbonfootprint”应是所填空名词的定语从
句,根据该从句含义可知,这是一种未来的便利店经营的方法和模式。故选A项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当一架无人机接近预先安排好的投递区时,客户会收到通知,以确保他们在该地区取走包裹。A.finding找到;发现;B.leaving离开;C.nearing接近;
靠近;D.locating定位;找到……的准确位置。根据后文“theprearrangeddropzonetoensuretheyareinthearea”可知,客户会收到通知,以确保能够在指定区域内拿到包裹,因此,无人机应是在接近/靠近该区域时才发出通知。故选C项。【35题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意:当一架无人机接近预先安排好的投递区时,客户会收到通知,以确保他们在该地区取走包裹。A.doup扣好;B.pickup拿起;取走;C.giveout分发;D.putout熄灭。根据“theprearrangeddropzonetoensurethe
yareintheareato___15__apackage”可知,无人机递送包裹,应是将其放在地上,客户应是将其拾起拿走,因此“pickup”符合句意和语境。故选B项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:该报报道称,上周,一架Kiki无人机坠落到校园
走廊上,但无人受伤。A.stopped停止;B.landed着陆;降落;C.arrived到达;D.fell落下;坠落。根据后文“willimprovetheserviceaftertheincident”可知,应是发生了事故,因此可推知,本句在讲述该事故
“无人机坠落”。故选D项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:该报报道称,上周,一架Kiki无人机坠落到校园走廊上,但无人受伤。A.warned警告;B.affected影响;C.injured伤害;使受伤;
D.punished惩罚。根据前文“ThenewspaperreportedthataKikiAirdrone___16___lastweekontoacampuswalkway”可知,报道了一件无人机坠落到校园走道上的事故,but表转折,应是无人受伤。故选C项。【38题详
解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:阿曼称这是一次“可控着陆”,并表示公司已经加强了培训,并将在事故后改善服务。A.delivering递送;B.flying飞行;C.controlling控制;D.training训练。根据前文Omandescribedtheincidentas
a“controlledlanding”可知,负责人将这次事故描述为“受控降落”,因此可推知,该公司应加强无人机训练以便改善服务。故选D项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:耶鲁管理人员没有立即回复周一要求置评的留言。A.items项目;商品;B.mes
sages信息;消息;C.service服务;D.drone无人机。结合句子“Yaleofficialsdidn’timmediatelyreturn___19___leftonMondayseekingcomment”含义可知,耶鲁大学官方没有立即对周一要求置
评的留言进行回复。故选B项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:公司官员说,他们希望最终将这项服务扩展到其他校区。A.improve提高;改善;B.restore恢复;C.exchange交换;D.expand扩大。根据后文“tooth
ercampuses”可知,该公司希望将该项服务推广扩大到其他校园。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位
置。AsschoolscloseandmillionsofpeopleacrosstheUnitedStatesworkfromhome,thepromiseofcompanionshipisprompting(促使)sometotakeinanimals.The___41___(decid
e)toadoptpetsfliesinthefaceofsomeconventionalwisdomthatdiscouragesaddinganewanimal___42___ahouseholdduringastressfulorbusytimeoftheyear,such
astheholidays.Butsofarthenovelcoronavirus___43___(create)analmostparentalleave-likesituationformanypeople."There'snodoubt___44___animalsprovideincr
ediblecomfortandcompanionship,especiallyduringtimesofcrisis-andthey___45___(certain)appreciatetheattention-soweencouragepeople___46_
__(continue)toadoptanimalsinneed,"saidMaltBershadker,presidentandchiefexecutiveoftheAmericanSocietyfort
hePreventionofCrueltytoAnimals.Peoplearebringinghomeallkindsoflivingcreaturesforcompanionshipduringanunprecedented(空前的
)timeofsocialisolation(隔离),andthey'resharing___47___(photo)orsocialmediatoprovideabreakfromdarkernews.Petscanalsoentertainyoungerfamilymembersath
ome--KennethLynchandLaurenWakefieldboughtablue-and-silverbettafishfortheirtwoyoungchildrentohelpdevelop___48___strongsenseofresponsibilitywithfeedin
gitand___49___(clean)thetank.Thiswillhelpthem"occupysomeoftheirtimeinamore___50___(health)manner"whiletheyarehomefromschoo
l,Lynchsaid.【答案】41.decision42.to43.hascreated44.that45.certainly46.tocontinue47.photos48.a49.cleaning50.healthy【解析】这是一篇说
明文。文章主要说明了因为新型冠状病毒疫情的原因,全美国数百万人在家工作,促使一些人开始收养动物。文章说明了一些人对养宠物的看法。【41题详解】考查名词。句意:收养宠物的决定公然违背了一些传统观念,这些传统观念不鼓励人们在一年中压力大或繁忙的
时候(比如节假日)为家庭增添新的动物。根据上文the可知应填名词decision作主语,表示“决定”。故填decision。【42题详解】考查介词。句意同上。结合句意表示“增添”短语为addto。故填to。【43题详解】考查动词时态。根据上文sofar
“到目前为止”可知谓语应用现在完成时,主语为thenovelcoronavirus,助动词用has。故填hascreated。【44题详解】考查连接词。句意:美国防止虐待动物协会主席兼首席执行官MaltBershac
ker说:“毫无疑问,动物提供了令人难以置信的安慰和陪伴,特别是在危机时期——它们当然也很欣赏人们的关注——因此我们鼓励有需要的人们继续收养动物”。表示“毫无疑问……”句型为thereisnodoubtthat…。故填that。【45题详解】考查副词。修饰后文动词apprecia
te应用副词certainly,表示“当然”。故填certainly。【46题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:美国防止虐待动物协会主席兼首席执行官MaltBershacker说:“毫无疑问,动物提供了令人难以置信的安慰和陪伴,特别是在危机时期——它们当
然也很欣赏人们的关注——因此我们鼓励有需要的人们继续收养动物”。表示“鼓励某人做某事”短语为encouragesb.todosth.。故填tocontinue。【47题详解】考查名词的数。photo为可数名词,前面没有冠词,故应用复数形式。故填pho
tos。【48题详解】考查冠词。句意:宠物也可以在家里娱乐年轻的家庭成员——KennethLynch和LaurenWakefield给两个年幼的孩子买了一条蓝白相间的斗鱼,以培养他们在喂养斗鱼和清洗鱼缸方面的强
烈责任感。结合句意表示“责任感”短语为asenseofresponsibility。故填a。【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。结合上文并列结构withfeedingitand可知空处与feeding一样,应填动词-ing形式。故填cleaning
。【50题详解】考查形容词。修饰后文名词manner应用形容词healthy,表示“健康的”。故填healthy。第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51.假定英语课上
老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及-一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(ˆ),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在
该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。WhenIwasalittleboy,thedinnerintheeveofSpringFestivaliswhatIlookedf
orwardtomost.Itwasnotonlyforthedeliciousfood,andfortheopportunityforourwholefamiliestogettogether.Iwouldru
naroundthehouse,listenedtotheadultschattingabouttheiryear.I'dgetundermymother'sfeetinthekitchen,watchinghertomakedumplings.Intheevening,allofthemwo
uldsitaroundthetable,enjoyingthefoodandbeingtogetheragain.Wetoastedeachotherandlaughedeasy.Thesimple,h
omemadedishestasteddeliciousthananythingcookbyatopchef.【答案】1.in→on2.is→was3.and→but4.families→family5.listened→listen
ing6.去掉to7.them→us8.easy→easily9.delicious前加more10.cook→cooked【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己小时候最期待除夕的晚餐。不仅因为有好吃的,还因为可以全
家团聚。【详解】1.考查介词。句意:当我还是小男孩的时候,除夕的晚餐是我最期待的。“在具体的某一天的晚上”应该用介词on,故将in改为on。2.考查动词时态。句意:当我还是小男孩的时候,除夕的晚餐是我最
期待的。句子陈述的是过去的事实,应用一般过去时态。故将is改为was。3.考查连词。句意:不仅是因为美食,还因为这是我们整个家族团聚的机会。notonly…but(also)…意为“不仅……而且……”,是固定搭配。故将and改为but。4.考查名词复数。句意:
不仅是因为美食,还因为这是我们整个家族团聚的机会。family做“家族、家庭”解时,是不可数名词,故将families改为family。5.考查非谓语动词。句意:我会在屋子里跑来跑去,听大人们聊起他们的这一
年。分析句子可知,wouldrun是句子的主语,listen要用非谓语形式;listen与逻辑主语I是主动关系,用doing形式。故将listened改为listening。6.考查动词用法。句意:我会在厨房里,蹲在妈妈的脚旁,看她包饺子。watchs
b.dosth.意为“看某人做某事”,故将to删掉。7.考查代词。句意:晚上,我们所有人会围坐在桌边,吃美食、重聚。根据语境,该句中应该是我们家的所有人,用第一人称复数的宾格形式。故将them改为us。8.考查副词。句意:我们互相敬酒,随意地笑着。laug
hed是动词,应该用副词修饰,故将easy改为easily。9.考查比较级。句意:简单的家常菜肴比任何高级厨师做的都好吃。than表比较,应该用比较级,故在delicious前加more。10.考查非谓语动词。句意:简单的家常菜肴比
任何高级厨师做的都好吃。分析句子可知,tasted是句子的主语,cook要用非谓语形式;cook与逻辑主语anything是被动关系,用done的形式。故将cook改为cooked。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.美国孔子学院(ConfuciusInstitute)
准备筹办“中国文化周"活动,正在征求活动策划方案。假定你是新华中学的学生李华,打算应征。请你通过邮件给主办负责人Mr.Smith写一封信:内容包括:1.写信目的;2.活动方案;3.表达期待。注意:1.词数100左右
;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________【答案】DearMr.Smith,I‘mLiHua,aChinesestudentfromXinhuaMiddleSchool.Kn
owingthattheAmericanConfuciusInstituteispreparingtohosttheChineseCultureWeekandseekingplansfortheevent,I‘mwritingtosignupforit.Firstofa
ll,colorfulactivities,suchasartexhibitions,classicsrecitingcontests,Kungfushows,operaperformancesandfolkmusicconc
erts,mightbeorganizedtonotonlyspreadtraditionalChineseculturebutshowthecontemporaryChinesestyle.Besides,aChin
esecultureambassadormightberecruitedopenlytopromotemorepeople’sparticipationintheactivities.Shouldmycarefullyworked-outplangainyourfavo
rableconsideration,itwouldbehighlyappreciated.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。【详解】第1步:根据提示可知,本篇为一封信;美国孔子学院(ConfuciusInstitute)准备
筹办“中国文化周"活动,正在征求活动策划方案。假定你是新华中学的学生李华,打算应征。请你通过邮件给主办负责人Mr.Smith写-一封信,内容包括:1.写信目的;2.活动方案;3.表达期待。第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组),如:host主办;seeking
plans寻找方案;signupfor报名;spreadtraditionalChineseculture传播传统中国文化;participationin参加等。第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接
与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如KnowingthattheAmericanCon
fuciusInstituteispreparingtohosttheChineseCultureWeekandseekingplansfortheevent,非谓语动词运用;Shouldmycarefullyworked-outplangainyourfavorablecon
sideration,itwouldbehighlyappreciated.虚拟语气。全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外,文章思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。