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2021年2月高三年级线上测试英语试卷一、阅读理解1.Atthestartofnearlyeverydoctor’svisit,chancesarethatyouwillbeaskedtogetyourweigh

tmeasured.Butmanyconversationsaroundweighthavebecomeanobstacle,notahelp,inthecampaigntomakepeoplehealthier.Doctors’recommendationstodroppound

sarestillextremelycommon,eventhoughusingbodysizeasaone-size-fits-allwaycanleadtoignoranceofthecomplexityofanindividual’spar

ticularphysiology.Manystudieshaveshownheavierpeopleareathigherriskforhighbloodpressure,diabetesandotherdiseases.Butthebigpictureisnotthewh

olepicture.Researchershaveidentifiedsomefatpeopleconsideredtobe“metabolicallyhealthy”.However,oneinterestingreportpublished

in2016foundthatunhealthythinpeopleweretwiceaslikelytogetdiabetesashealthyfatpeople.Clearly,althoughtheassociationbetweenbeingoverweightanddi

seaseisveryreal,individualexperiencecanvarygreatlyanddependsonpersonalphysiologyandbehavior.Despitesuchfindings,amongthemoreterribleeffec

tsofweight-centralhealthcarearetheincreasedshameexperiencedbytheoverweight.Thewell-reportedexperienceofnumerousfatpeopleisthatdoctorsoftensetweig

htlosswithoutexaminingthem.Researchoverthepasttwodecadeshasshownthathealthprofessionalshavenegativeattitudestowardf

atpeople.Notonlythatbutdoctors’appointmentswithfatpatientsareshorteronaverage,andsomerefusetoseethesepatientsatall,astheSouthFloridaSunSentinelrepo

rtedin2011.Suchprejudicedpracticeskeeppeoplefromregularannualexamsandpreventthedetectionofserioushiddenconditions.To

practiceevidence-basedmedicine,doctorsshouldstoprelyingonweightaloneasanindicatorofhealthandquicklysettingoutweightlosstotreathealthdiseases.I

nstead,doctorsshouldfocusonbehavioralchangestoimprovehealthoutcomes.Peopleofallsizesareentitledtoevidence-basedtreatmentsandkeepthemhealthy.1.Whati

stheunderlinedphrase“aone-size-fits-allway”inParagraph1referto?A.Analternativeway.B.Atemporaryway.C.Auniquesolution

.D.Aperfectsolution.2.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph2?A.Eachheavyindividualisathigherriskfordiseases.B.Fatpeo

pleareconsideredtobemetabolicallyhealthy.C.Notallfatpeoplesufferhighbloodpressureordiabetes.D.Thinpeopleweretwiceaslikelytog

etdiabetesasfatones.3.Howdoestheauthorconvinceusoftheeffectsofweight-centralhealthcare?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Byquotingopinions.C.Bygivi

ngexamples.D.Bymakingcomparisons.4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.WeightShame.B.WeightLoss,Healthg

ains.C.WeightEffects.D.OnlyWeightIsNotEnough.2.Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewayth

eyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhow

mucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanywea

klinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvari

ousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatsevera

lspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(灭绝)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,

theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsor

evealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,sc

ientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspec

iestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheoc

ean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Th

eseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathema

ticalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdo

wnorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssaysbecauseonce

ecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.1.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelp

ofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C.Theapproachestostudyingthe

speciesintheecosystems.D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.2.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapred

ator_____.A.hasawidefoodchoiceB.caneasilyfindnewpreyC.stickstoonepreyspeciesD.canquicklymovetoanother

place3.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B.Thespeciestheyindire

ctlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswill

experienceunexpectedchanges.4.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitie

sgreatlyupsetecosystems.B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D.Industria

lactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.5.Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance?A.Bygettingillegalpr

acticesundercontrol.B.Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.C.Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.D.Bysignalingtheurgentneedf

ortakingpreventiveaction.3.Humankindhastriedtoimproveitsstandardoflivingsincetheverybeginningofcivilization.Backthen,aswellastoday,providingfoo

dandsecuritywasthebasictaskforaperson.However,nowadaystherangeofrequiredgoodshasexpandedsignificantly.Peoplefeeltheneedfor

notonlysomeprimarythings,suchasapieceofbreadandaroofovertheirheads,butalsoforvariousfacilitiesandluxuri

es.Providinghumanitywiththesethingsisconnectedtotheuseofnaturalresources,whichrequiresenergy.Inturn,thecommonsourcesofenerg

yweusetodaycausepollution,soeconomicgrowthisalmostinevitablyassociatedwithenvironmentaldamage.Economicgrowthistheincreaseinnu

mbersofgoodsandservicesproducedovertimebyaneconomy,andit'scalculatedintermsofrealGrossDomesticProduct(GDP).Beforegro

wthiscalculated,inflation(通货膨胀)isadjustedinordertotakeintoaccountitsmisleadingeffectonthepriceofgoodsandservices.Economicgrowt

hcanalsobeexplainedastheincreaseinexpectedoutput,whichresultsfromanincreaseinactualoutput,ortotaldemand.Therearecertainaspect

sofeconomicgrowthwhichaffecttheenvironment.Thefirstoftheseisthefactthatinordertoproducemoregoodsandproducts,ata

fasterrate,theconstructionoflargeindustrialplantsisrequired.Theseplantsproducealotofwaste,leadingtothepollutionofwaterandtheatmosphere,whichmaycause

negativelongtermhealtheffectstonearbypopulationsofanimals,orpeople.Theyalsoleadtoglobalwarming.Industrialmanufacturingleadstothecons

tantlyincreasingenergyconsumption.Thetraditionalenergysources,whicharecommonlyusednowadays,areconsideredtobethegreatestpollutersto

theenvironment.Therealsoexistso-calledeco-friendlysourcesofenergy.Theyaresometimespreferredbutreplacingthetraditionalsourceswiththemalsorequiresti

me,duringwhichpeoplehavetomakesomesacrificestosupporttheseundertakings.Inordertoproduceeconomicallypracticalenergy,asometimessignificanttransformati

onofthenaturalsiteisofteninevitable.Thisisexpensiveand,hasharmfuleffectsontheenvironment.ApplicationofwindenergywouldBlock

airflows'naturalspeed,whichisthereasonfortheirdecreaseinstrength,aftercrossingthewindmill.Consequently,thepressurebalancethatisbroughtaboutby

thiscurrentwillbeaffected,anditisimportanttorememberthattheenvironmentandweatherconditionsaredirectlyaffec

tedbyatmosphericpressure.Forthesereasons,bringingabouteconomicgrowthwithoutanyresultingenvironmentaldamage,whatsoever,isimpossible.1.What

doesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.PollutioncausedbyplantconstructionB.EffectsofwindmillsontheenvironmentC.Economicgrowthandhumanci

vilizationD.Economicgrowthandenvironmentaldamage2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.GoodsandproductsB.Theindustria

lplantsC.WaterandatmosphereD.Negativehealtheffects3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorholdstheopinionthat_______.

A.economicgrowthshouldbecalculatedintermsofGDPB.theuseofnaturalresourcescausesnodamagetotheenvironmentC.industrialmanufactu

ringmaycausedamagetotheenvironmentD.awindmillisaperfectwaytoproduceeconomicallypracticalenergy4.Whichofthefo

llowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?4.Wesmilebecausewearehappy,andwefrownbecausewearesad.Recentstudiessuggestthatouremotionsa

redrivenbytheirrelatedfacialexpressions.ThisFebruarypsychologistsattheUniversityofCardiffinWalesfoundthatpeoplewhosea

bilitytofrownislessenedbybotoxinjections(肉毒杆菌注射)arehappier,onaverage,thanpeoplewhocanfrown.Theresearchersadmi

nisteredananxietyanddepressionquestionnaireto25females,halfofwhomhadreceivedbotoxinjectionstostopfrowning.Thebotoxinjectedpeoplereportedfeelinghap

pierandlessanxiousingeneral.InarelatedstudyfromMarch,scientistsattheTechnicalUniversityofMunichfoundthatthebotoxsubjectshadmuchloweractiv

ityinthebraincircuits(回路)involvedinemotionalprocessingandresponses—intheamygdala,hypothalamusandotherpartsofthebra

in—ascomparedwithcontrolswhohadnotreceivedtreatment.Theconceptworkstheoppositeway,too.Peoplewhofrownduringanunpleasantprocedurereportfeelingmorepa

inthanthosewhodonot,accordingtoastudypublishedinMay2008intheJournalofPain.Researchersappliedheattotheforearmsof29participants,whowereaskedtoei

thermakeunhappy,neutralorrelaxedfacesduringtheprocedure.Thosewhoexhibitednegativeexpressionsreportedbeinginm

orepainthantheothertwogroups.Nooneyetknowswhyourfacialexpressionsinfluenceouremotionsastheyseemto.Theassociationsinourmindbetweenhowwefeeland

howwereactmaybesostrongthatourexpressionssimplyendupstrengthenouremotions—theremaybenoevolutionaryreasonfortheconnection.1.Whatcanwekno

wabouttheresultofthestudyfromParagraph2?A.Theabilitytofrownshouldbestoppedbyinjection.B.Lessfrownsmakepeoplehappier.C.Womenlovetofrownandfeelsad.D.Ha

lfwomenhavenoabilitytofeelhappy.2.Whatdidscientistsdointherelatedstudies?A.Theyaskedtheparticipantstof

rownorsmile.B.Theycopiedtheexpressionsoftheparticipants.C.Theyaskedtheparticipantstostaynegative.D.Theyexposedtheparticipantstoheat.3.Whatdoes

theunderlinedword"neutral"inParagraph4mean?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Calm.4.Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?A.Facialexpressionsinfluen

ceouremotions.B.Facialexpressionsaredrivenbyemotions.C.Whypeoplefeelhappyandfrown.D.Botoxinjectionisusefuland

meaningful.二、七选五5.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youprobablyalreadyknowthatexercisingisnecessarytopreservemusclestrength,keepyourhearts

trong,andhelpyoukeepahealthybodyweight.①_______“There’salotofsciencebehindthis,”saysDr.ScottMcGinnis,aninstructoratHarvardMedicalSchool.

Exerciseimprovesyourmemoryandthinkingskillsbothdirectlyandindirectly.Itactsdirectlyonthebrainbyencouragingthegrowt

hofnewbloodvessels(血管)inthebrain.②_______Besides,manystudieshavesuggestedthatthepartsofthebrainthatcontrolthinkingandmemoryarelargerinsiz

einpeoplewhoexercisethaninpeoplewhodon’t.Exercisecanalsoimprovememoryandthinkingskillsindirectly.③_______Problemsintheseareasfrequently

causeorcontributetomemorylossandalackofproblem-solvingskills.Isoneexercisebetterthananotherintermsofbrainhealth?④_______Almostalloftheresearchsofarha

slookedatwalking.“Butit’slikelythatanotherformofexercisethatgetsyourheartpumpingmightproducesimilarbene

fits,”explainsDr.McGinnis.AstudyfoundthatTaiChi(太极拳)showedthepotentialtohelpolderadultsinplanning,work

ingmemory,attentionandproblem-solving.ThatmaybebecauseTaiChiinvolvesslow,focusedmovementsandrequireslearnin

gandmemorizingnewskillsaswellasmovementpatterns.Dr.McGinnisrecommendsestablishingexerciseasahabit.Severalstudieshaveshownthatittakesaboutsi

xmonthstostartgettingthebenefitsofexercise.⑤_______A.Wedon’tknowtheanswertothisquestion.B.Itmakesyoumoreresistanttosomediseases.C.It

evenpromotestheoverallhealthofnewbraincells.D.Itimprovespeople’ssleepandreducestheirstressandanxiety.E.Thus,herem

indsyoutobepatientasyoulookforthefirstresultsF.Butexercisecanalsohelpimproveyourmemoryandthinkingskills

.G.Startwithafewminutesdayandincreasetheamountuntilyoureachyourgoal.三、完形填空6.阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题

卡上将该项涂黑。WhenImarriedmywifeMartha,itwasthemostbeautifuldayofmylife.Halfwaythroughthereception,my1tappe

dmegentlyontheshoulderIheardherwhisper,“Willyou2withme,sweetheart?”“Sure,”Isaid,smiling,whensomeguestspulledmeoffintheirdirection.Anho

urlatermymother3again.AndagainIreadily4,smilingandreachingforherwitha(n)5butlettingsomeoldcollegefriendsplaceabeerthereinstead.Thenmyw

ifeandIwereoffonourhoneymoon.Anagging(烦人的)6grewinthebackofmymindduringthehoneymoon.Whenwefinally7ournewhom

e,aphonemessagetoldusourpictureswere8atthephotographer's.Weunpackedslowlyandthendrovetopickthemup.Hourslater,afterwehadexaminede

veryonewith9memories,Iheldoneouttoreflectuponinprivate.Itwasapictureoftwohappyguests,sweatyintheirdancing.Butitwasn’tthecoupleIwas10.There,inthebac

kground,I11afamiliarfigure—mydearmotherwhowas12.AndIdidn'tthinktheyweretearsof13.Ithendrovetomymother'sapartmentafewmilesaway.“I

’msorry,Ineverdancedwithyou,Mom.”Isaid.MomlookedatmeandsaidsomethingI'llnever14,“Nonsense,dear.You'vedancedenoughwithmeinmylifetime.And

whileyouwerebeingtheperfect15andmakingallofyourguestsfeelsospecial,Iwatchedyouandfeltnothingbut16.That's

whata17is,honey.Somethingold,somethingnew.Somethingborrowed,somethingblue.”“Well,thisoldwoman,whowaswearingblue,watchedyoudancewithyourbeautif

ulnewbride,andI18Ihadtogiveyouup,19Ihadyousomanyyearstomyself,butIcouldonlyborrowyouuntilyoufoundtheladyofyourdreams.

”Bothofourtearscoveredhersofathatday.Andafterthetalk,IaskedMomforadance.Unlikeme,shedidn't20.1.A.wifeB

.motherC.guestD.photographer2.A.danceB.chatC.walkD.drink3.A.stoppedB.followedC.triedD.failed4.A.checkedB.

escapedC.agreedD.left5.A.handB.armC.footD.finger6.A.curiosityB.puzzleC.mistakeD.concern7.A.headedforB.returnedtoC.bough

tD.decorated8.A.disappearingB.showingC.hangingD.waiting9.A.unclearB.shortC.fondD.old10.A.talkingtoB.fo

cusingonC.lookingforD.worryingabout11.A.spottedB.appreciatedC.enjoyedD.glanced12.A.complainingB.wavingC.weepingD.dreaming13.A.joyB.successC.l

uckD.regret14.A.doubtB.understandC.imagineD.forget15.A.friendB.sonC.husbandD.host16.A.prideB.braveryC.excitementD.relaxation17.A.meetingB.p

artyC.weddingD.honeymoon18.A.rememberedB.knewC.pretendedD.promised19.A.thoughB.ifC.becauseD.unless20.A

.forgiveB.blameC.obeyD.refuse四、语法填空7.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。SincelastSeptember,theAustralianbushfires①_________(destroy)around80,000squa

rekilometersofforest.Earlyon,mostreportsaboutthebushfiresfocusedonthecosttohumans.Recently,peoplehaveshownmoreconcernabouttheeffectso

fthefires②________animalsthanbefore.ChrisDickman,ascientistattheUniversityofSydneytriedtofigureoutho

wmanyanimalsmighthavebeenkilledbythefires.Thenumberhecameupwithwas③____________(surprising)large:over1billionanimals.The④_______(lose)ofanima

lscouldbeespeciallybadnewsinAustralia,which⑤______(be)hometomanyspecialanimalsthatcan'tbefoundanywhereelse.Scientistsworryth

atthebushfiresmightput⑥_____endtosomekindsofanimalsthatwerealreadyindangerofdyingout.Evenwhenanimalssurvive,itcanbe

hardforthemtostayaliveintheworld⑦_______(leave)behindbythefires.That's⑧______manyoftheplacestheyliveinandtheirsourcesoffo

odhavebeenruined.Forthatreason,workersforAustralia'sNationalParkareusinghelicopterstodropsweetpotatoesandcarrotsonto12⑨

______(difference)areaswhererock-wallabies(岩石袋鼠)live.Rock-wallabiesoftensurvivebushfires,butcanhavedifficulty⑩____________(find)enoughtoeat.五、短文改错8

.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修

改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。WhenIfinishedallofmyexam,myfamilydrovetothecountrysideforaholiday.Onourway,myfavoritescarfflewo

utofthewindowsuddenlyandisgone.Ifeltverysad,regrettingthatwhenIhadn’tkeptthescarfwell.Soonafter,westoppedataservicestation.Feel

upset,Ifoundabenchandwasabouttoatemysandwichwhenamotorcyclistpulledintothestation,“Isthatyourbluecar?”he

askedme.AlthoughIfeltsurprising,Inoddedquickly.Amanpulledouttheveryscarffrommybackpackandhandedittome.Hethenreturnedhismot

orcycleandwantedtoleave.Iwentupandrepaidhimthankfulbygivinghimahug.六、书面表达9.假定你是李华,是你校学生英语协会主席。该协会准备发起一个英语演讲比赛,请给外教Mr.Robinson写封邮件,邀请他担任决赛

评委(judge)。邮件内容包括:1.演讲活动简介(如:演讲主题、参与情况等);2.比赛的时间和地点;3.邀请的原因。注意:1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已写好。DearMr.Robinson,__________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________Yours,LiHua参考答案1.答案：1.D;2.C;3.C;4.D解析：1.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第三句Doctors'recommendationsto

droppoundsarestillextremelycommon,eventhoughusingbodysizeasaone-size-fits-allwaycanleadtoignoranceofthecomplexityofanindividual'sparticularphysiolo

gy.可知,医生的减肥建议仍然非常普遍,尽管使用体型作为一种……方法可能会导致忽视个人特殊生理的复杂性。根据忽视个人特殊生理的复杂性可知one-size-fits-all指一体适用,万全之策。D项意为“一个完美的解决方案”。符合题意,故D项正确。A项,“另一种方式”;B项,“一个临时的方

法”;C项,“一个独特的解决方案”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一、二句Manystudieshaveshownheavierpeopleareathigherriskforhighbloodpressure,diabetesandotherdiseases

.Butthebigpictureisnotthewholepicture.可知,许多研究表明,体重较重的人患高血压、糖尿病和其他疾病的风险更高。但大局并不是全貌。因此可知并不是所有的肥胖者都患有高血压或糖尿病。故C项正确。A项,“每个肥胖的人都有更高的患病风险”。根据文章第二段第一、二句Ma

nystudieshaveshownheavierpeopleareathigherriskforhighbloodpressure,diabetesandotherdiseases.Butthebigpicturei

snotthewholepicture.可知,许多研究表明,体重较重的人患高血压、糖尿病和其他疾病的风险更高。但大局并不是全貌。故A项错误。B项,“肥胖的人被认为新陈代谢是健康的”。文章未提及。故B项错误。D项,“瘦人患糖尿病的可能性是肥胖人的两倍”。根据文章第二段倒数第

二句However,oneinterestingreportpublishedin2016foundthatunhealthythinpeopleweretwiceaslikelytogetdiabetesashealthyfatpe

ople.可知,然而,2016年发表的一份有趣的报告发现,不健康的瘦人患糖尿病的可能性是健康的胖子的两倍。故D项错误。故正确答案为C。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段全段Despitesuchfindings,amongthemoreterr

ibleeffectsofweight-centralhealthcarearetheincreasedshameexperiencedbytheoverweight.Thewell-reportedexperienceofnumerousfatpeopleisthatdoctors

oftensetweightlosswithoutexaminingthem.Researchoverthepasttwodecadeshasshownthathealthprofessionalshavenegativeattitudestowardfatpeople.No

tonlythatbutdoctors'appointmentswithfatpatientsareshorteronaverage,andsomerefusetoseethesepatientsatall,astheSouthFloridaSunSentinelreportedin20

11.Suchprejudicedpracticeskeeppeoplefromregularannualexamsandpreventthedetectionofserioushiddenconditions.可知,尽管有这样的发现,在以体重为中心的医疗保健的更可怕的影响中,

超重的人感到越来越羞愧。大量肥胖人士的经验被广为报道,医生经常在不检查的情况下就设定减肥计划。过去二十年的研究表明,健康专家对肥胖人士持负面态度。不仅如此,据南佛罗里达太阳哨兵报2011年的报道,医生与肥胖患者的预约

时间平均要短一些,有些甚至根本不愿见这些患者。这种偏见的做法使人们无法定期进行年度检查,也无法发现严重的隐患。因此可知作者通过举例子让我们相信体重中心保健的效果。故正确答案为C。4.主旨大意题。文章主要论述了不应该依靠体重作为健康指标,并迅速将减肥作为治

疗健康疾病的手段,并且具体论述了原因和建议。D项意为“只有重量是不够的”。符合题意,故D项正确。A项,“体重羞愧”。体重羞愧只是文章论述的一个方面,不足以概括文章主旨。故A项错误。B项,“体重减轻,健康增加”

。文章并未论述体重减轻,健康增加。故B项错误。C项,“重量的影响”。重量的影响只是文章论述的一个方面,不足以概括文章主旨。故C项错误。故正确答案为D。2.答案：1-5BCDAD解析：1.细节理解题。本题题干意为:在食物网数学模型的帮助下科学家们已经发现了什么?第二段第一句话(利用这种模型,科学家们

已经发现了一些在食物网运行过程中的关键原则)与B项(影响生态系统食物网的规则)相符,故选B项。A:在食物网中物种的生活习惯。C:研究生态系统中物种的方法。D:食物网中关系疏远和关系紧密的区别2.细节理解题。本题题干意为:当一

个捕食者_____,我们会从两个物种之间找到一个紧密的关系。第二段第三句话(当一个捕食者总是大量吃一种猎物的时候,这两个物种之间就建立起了紧密的关系)与C项(坚持吃一个物种的猎物)相符,故选C项。A:有广泛的食物选择。B:能很容易找到新的猎物。D:能很快迁徙到另一个地方

。3.推理判断题。本题题干意为:如果食物网顶端的捕食者数量大量减少,会发生什么事?根据第三段第一句(数学模型也揭示出食物网可能不稳定,顶端的捕食者的小小变化都会给整个生态系统带来巨大影响)可知,当食物网顶端的捕食者数量大幅度减少时,食物网中的其他物种的数量

会受到意想不到的影响,故选D项。A:它们直接捕食的猎物物种会灭绝。文中没有提及会灭绝,排除A项。B:它们不直接捕食的物种会变成顶端捕食者。C:其他物种的生活环境会保持不变。4.推理判断题。本题题干意为:

从第四段的例子中我们可以得出什么结论?第四段中以人类在海洋中捕食顶端捕食者鳕鱼和在陆地上大量杀死顶端捕食者狼为例来解释说明第一句话。Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.可知A项(不受控制的

人类活动极大地打乱了生态系统)与此相符,故选A项。B:快速的经济发展威胁到了动物的栖息地。C:具有商业价值的物种控制了其他物种。D:工业活动有助于保持食物网稳定。这三项文中均没有信息提及。5.推理判断题。本题题干意为:一个早期的警报系统会如何帮助我们保持生态平衡?根据最后一段的描述:这套预警

系统可以告诉我们什么时候调整将生态系统推向崩溃的人类活动或甚至能将生态系统从崩溃边缘拉回。预防是关键,一旦生态系统超过了临界点那就非常难恢复了。D项(这套系统通过发出紧急信号来让我们采取预防措施)与此相符,故选D项。A:通过控

制非法行为。B:通过阻止我们捕杀大型捕食者。这两项文中没有信息提及。C:通过把遭到破坏的生态系统拉回到正常状态。预警系统本身不能做到这一点,它只能给人类发出信号。3.答案：1.D;2.B;3.C;4.B解析：1.soeconomicgrowthisalmostine

vitably(必然地)associatedwithenvironmentaldamage”和最后一段“Forthesereasons,bringingabouteconomicgrowthwithoutanyresultingenvironmentaldamage,wha

tsoever,isimpossible.”可知,文章主要讲的是经济增长与环境破坏之间的关系,故选D。2.Theseplantsproducealotofwaste,leadingtothepollutionofwaterandtheatmosphe

re,...Theyalsoleadtoglobalwarming.”可知,工厂产生许多废物,污染水源和大气的同时,它们也加剧了全球变暖,说明they指代的是plants,故选B。3.Industrialmanufacturingleadsto

theconstantlyincreasingenergyconsumption....areconsideredtobethegreatestpolluters...replacingthetraditiona

lsourceswiththemalsorequirestime,duringwhichpeoplehavetomakesomesacrificestosupporttheseundertakings”可知,制造业带来了源源不断的能源消耗,而这

些能源正是造成污染的“罪魁祸首”,然而,要替代传统能源还需要时间,在此期间,为了经济的发展,人们不得不牺牲环境。由此可见,制造业会对环境造成破坏,故选C。4.soeconomicgrowthisalmosti

nevitably(必然地)associatedwithenvironmentaldamage”可知,第一段是总写;根据第二段“Economicgrowthistheincreaseinnumbersofgoodsandservices

producedovertimebyaneconomy”和第三段“Therearecertainaspectsofeconomicgrowthwhichaffecttheenvironment.”可知,第二段和第三段

是两个分论点;第四段的“Industrialmanufacturing”与第三段的“industrialplants”相关,且根据第五段“Thisisexpensiveand,hasharmfuleffectsonthee

nvironment”可知,本段讲的是厂址的迁移,与第四段是并列关系,都是第三段的次要点,故选B。4.答案：1-4BDDA解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，今年2月，英国威尔士加的夫大学的心理学家发现，注射肉毒杆菌减轻皱眉能力的人比皱眉的人更快乐。由此可知，研究结果发现

少皱眉让人更快乐。2.细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，研究人员给29名参与者的前臂加热，要求他们在实验过程中做出不高兴、中性或放松的表情。由此可知，科学家在相关研究中让参与者接触热量。3.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Th

osewhoexhibitednegativeexpressionsreportedbeinginmorepainthantheothertwogroups.”可知，那些表现出消极表情的人比其他两组更痛苦，也就是说总共有三种表情“不高

兴的”(消极）、“平静的”（不带感情色彩）、“放松的”（积极），所以可推测neutral为“平静的”（不带感情色彩）。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，我们微笑是因为我们快乐，我们皱眉是因为我们悲伤。最近的研究表明，我们的情绪是由相关的面部表情驱动的。结合文章主要内容可知，人们的表情

也会影响人们的心情。5.答案：FCDAE解析：1.根据上文Youprobablyalreadyknowthatexercisingisnecessarytopreservemusclestrength,keepy

ourheartstrong,andhelpyoukeepahealthybodyweight.可知,你可能已经知道锻炼对于保持肌肉力量,保持心脏强壮,以及帮助你保持健康体重是必要的。故此空应该与锻炼的其他的未知的作用有关。F项意为“但是运动也可以帮助提高你的记忆力和思考能

力”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为F。2.根据上文Itactsdirectlyonthebrainbyencouragingthegrowthofnewbloodvessels(血管)inthebrain.可知,它直接作用于大脑,鼓励大脑中新血管的生长。故

此空应该与锻炼对大脑的作用有关。C项意为“它甚至能促进新脑细胞的整体健康”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为C。3.根据上文Exercisecanalsoimprovememoryandthinkingskillsindirectly.可知,运动也可以间接地提高记

忆力和思维能力。故此空应该说明运动如何间接地提高记忆力和思维能力。D项意为“它能改善人们的睡眠,减少他们的压力和焦虑”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为D。4.根据上文Isoneexercisebetterthananoth

erintermsofbrainhealth?可知,就大脑健康而言,一种运动比另一种更好吗?故此空应该回答这个问题。A项意为“我们不知道这个问题的答案”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为A。5.根据上文Severalstudieshavesho

wnthatittakesaboutsixmonthstostartgettingthebenefitsofexercise.可知,一些研究表明,大约需要6个月的时间才能开始获得锻炼的好处。故此空应该说明基于6个月才能开始获得锻炼的好处这一研究结果应该怎

么做。E项意为“因此,他提醒你在寻找最初的结果时要有耐心”,承接上文,符合语境。故正确答案为E。6.答案：1.B;2.A;3.C;4.C;5.A;6.D;7.B;8.D;9.C;10.B;11.A;12.C;13.A;14.D;15.D;16.A;17.C;18.B;1

9.C;20.D解析：1.下文中的Anhourlatermymother...again提示了本空。2.下文中的Ineverdancedwithyou,Mom提示了本空。3.根据Anhourlater,妈妈再次“

尝试(tried)",向“我”提出共舞的邀约。4.高兴地同意。5.根据上文中的Sure以及againIreadily可知,又一次,“我”对妈妈的邀约欣然“应允(agreed)”,微笑着向她伸出了一只(邀舞的)“手(hand)”。6.根据上文可知,

“我”没能在婚礼上与妈妈跳舞,之后度蜜月期间,心里莫名生出一种恼人的“不安(concern)”。7.根据下文中的unpackedslowly可知,我们“回(returnedto)”家了。8.根据下文中的dr

ovetopickthemup可知,我们(婚礼)的照片在照相馆放着,“等着(waiting)”我们去取。9.根据第一段中的itwasthemostbeautifuldayofmylife可知,照片里满满都是“美好的(fond)”回忆。

10.根据There,inthebackground,wasmymother可知,“我”“关注(focusingon)”的不是照片里跳舞的那对夫妻,而是那张照片背景处的“我”的妈妈。11.照片的背景中“

发现”妈妈正在“哭泣(weeping)12.根据Ididn'tthinktheyweretears可知,照片中,妈妈正在“哭泣”。13.根据Ineverdancedwithyou,Mom可知,“我”认为妈妈并不是“喜(joy)”极而泣。14.妈妈对“我”说了一

些让“我”终身难“忘(forget)”的话。15.此空填host与本句中的guests相对应。16.根据makingallofyourguestsfeelsospecial可知,妈妈为儿子感到“骄傲(prid

e)”。17.根据第一段中的married可知,妈妈此处说的是婚礼的情景。wedding婚礼。18.我知道我我该放手了19.妈妈进而说道:“噢,我这样一位老太太,身着蓝色礼服,看着你与漂亮的新娘共舞,我‘知道(know)‘我该放手了,‘因为(because))我已经拥有你多年了,

而你只是我借来的,一旦你找到了理想中的伴侣,我就要对你放手。”20.根据Unlikeme可知,谈话过后,“我”邀请妈妈共舞,她没有像“我”一样"拒绝(refuse)”。(文化背景:Somethingold,Somethingnew,Somethingborrowed,Someth

ingblue是英国一首押韵诗中的句子,后来慢慢转变为西方婚礼的习俗。西方人认为,新娘在结婚时集齐了新、旧、借来的、蓝色的四样东西,就能够为婚姻带来好运和幸福。)7.答案：1.havedestroyed2.on3.surprisingly4.loss5.is6.an7.le

ft8.because9.different10.finding解析：(1)考查动词时态。根据上文中SincelastSeptember可知,应用现在完成时,主语为theAustralianbushfires,助动词应用have。故填ha

vedestroyed。(2)考查介词。句意:最近,人们比以前更加关注火灾对动物的影响。固定搭配theeffectson,意为“对……的影响”。故填on。(3)考查副词。修饰后文形容词large应用副词surprisingly,表示“惊人地”。故填surprisingly。(4)考查名

词。句意:在澳大利亚,动物的减少可能是一个特别坏的消息,那里有许多在其他地方找不到的特殊动物。根据the可知,应填名词loss作主语,表示“减少”。故填loss。(5)考查主谓一致。本句为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词

Australia,且从句陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致,故应用第三人称单数。故填is。(6)考查不定冠词。句意:科学家们担心森林大火可能会终结一些已经濒临灭绝的动物。固定短语putanendto意为“终结,终止”。故填an。(7)考查

非谓语动词。句意:即使动物幸存下来,它们也很难在大火过后的世界上生存下去。分析句子结构可知,leave在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语world构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填left。(8)考查连接词。句意:这是因为

他们生活的地方和食物来源都被破坏了。固定句型thatisbecause…意为“这是因为……”。故填because。(9)考查形容词。修饰后文名词areas应用形容词different,表示“不同的”。故填different。(10)考查固定短语及搭配。句意:岩沙袋鼠通常在丛林大火中

幸存下来,但是很难找到足够的食物。固定搭配havedifficulty(in)doingsth.意为“做某事有困难”。故填finding。8.答案：WhenIfinishedallofmyexamexams,myfam

ilydrovetothecountrysideforaholiday.Onourway,myfavoritescarfflewoutofthewindowsuddenlyandiswasgone.Ifeltverysad

,regrettingthatwhenIhadn’tkeptthescarfwell.Soonafter,westoppedataservicestation.FeelFeelingupset,Ifoundabenchandwasabouttoateeatmysandw

ichwhenamotorcyclistpulledintothestation,“Isthatyourbluecar?”heaskedme.AlthoughIfeltsurprisingsurprised,Inoddedquickly.AThemanp

ulledouttheveryscarffrommyhisbackpackandhandedittome.Hethenreturnedtohismotorcycleandwantedtoleave.Iwentupandrepaidhimthankfulthankfullybygivinghima

hug.9.答案：DearMr.Robinson,Recently,ourEnglishClubisholdinganEnglishspeechcontest.Themedincampuslife,thiscontesthasattrac

tednearly100participants,ofwhommanyhaveshowedtalentsinEnglishspeech.8studentswentintothefinalanditisschemedtobeopeninthelecturehalla

t9a.m.nextMonday.HereIsincerelyinviteyoutobethecontestjudge.AsanativeEnglishspeakeraswellasalearnedprofessorinEnglishliterature,youar

ethebestpersontomakeimpartialevaluationsandcommentsontheparticipants’performance.Soifyouacceptthisinvitation,allpeopletakingpartinthecontestwill

feelmorethanhonored.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua