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《2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练》专题06阅读理解D篇(二次开发+微技能+名校模拟拟)原卷版变式方向：词形转换;高考考点;熟词新意;说明文选标题技巧;儿童教育话题阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与社会,幼儿社交能力,家长培养幼儿同理心,

家庭教育,情绪控制Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼儿期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationship

s,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaski

ndness,sharing,andcooperation.Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament(性格).Someto

ddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpr

essionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”du

ringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnessca

nresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Bu

texpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit'ssoimporta

nttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishthese

guidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsos

ad?”),thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”).Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy(同理心)towardafriend,

praisehim(“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”).Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencoura

gingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffects

playtime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey’resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey’rerefreshed.32.Whatdoesitind

icatewhentoddlerscopytheirplaymates’behavior?A.Theyareinterestedinacting.B.Theyareshywiththestrangers.C.Theyarefon

doftheirplaymates.D.Theyaretiredofplayinggames.33.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirkids?A.Designgamesforthem.B.Findthemsuitableplaymates.C

.Playtogetherwiththem.原题呈现D.Helpthemunderstandsocialrules.34.Whatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementsinpa

ragraph4?A.Givingexamples.B.Explainingconcepts.C.Providingevidence.D.Makingcomparisons.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowChildrenA

dapttoChangesB.HowtoBeaRoleModelforChildrenC.HowYourBabyLearnstoLoveD.HowtoCommunicatewithYourKid一、纲内词汇（酌情删减）1.positivea.2.

teenagern.3.behaviorn.4.cooperationn.5.creaturen.6.demonstratevt.7.markedlyad.8.expressionn.9.copyvt.10.seeminglyad.11.unusuala

.12.fondnessn.13.unpleasanta.14.normala.15.playmaten.16.grabvt.17.bossya.18.encountern.19.frequenta.20.remindern.21.establishvt.22.guidelinen.2

3.sympathyn.24.resolvevt.25.mindfula.26.personalityn.27.sleepya.28.refresheda.29.indicatevt.30.functionn.31.quotevt32.compa

risonn.33.evidencen.34.conceptn.二、高频词块（酌情删减）1.relateto2.inaddition3.intheformof4.resultin5.Regardlessof6.takeanactiverolein7.bemindfulof8.befondof

9.betiredof10.adaptto11.rolemodel12.communicatewith三、单句填空（核心考点习题化）1.Studiesshowthatthe__________(early)kidslearntoformpositiver

elationships,thebetter考点变式训练theyareatrelating__________othersasteenagersandadults.2.__________(play)togetherals

ohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,and__________(cooperate).3.How__________(quick)yourchilddev

elopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament(性格).4.Sometoddlersarevery__________(society),butot

hersareshy.5.In__________(add),theway__________thattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenisdifferentfrom__________whatadultsthinkofasexpr

essionsoffriendship.6.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikely__________(come)in

__________formofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.7.This__________(seeming)unusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresult__________u

npleasantbehavior.8.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,__________getbossy.9.Butexpertssaythatthisisa

normalandnecessarypartof__________(friend)forkidsthisage.10.That’swhyit'ssoimportant__________(take)anactiveroleinyourtodd

ler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsand__________(offer)frequentremindersofwhattheyare.11.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,ex

plainthereasonsbehind__________(they).12.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy,thensuggest__________hecouldresolvetheproblem.13.Anotherwa

y__________(encourage)healthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkids__________(use)words.14.It'salsoimportantt

obemindfulof__________yourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.15.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey’resleepyorhun

gry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey’re__________(refresh).四、熟词新意(develop用法)1.Thecompanydevelopsandmarketsnewsoft

ware.2.Hersondevelopedasthmawhenhewastwo.3.ThesiteisbeingdevelopedbyaFrenchcompany.4.Shedevelopsthethememor

efullyinherlaterbooks.5.Ihadthefilmdevelopedyesterday.五、长难句分析（括号法+标记法）1.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfound[thatatoddler’swayo

fsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior].【翻译】哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式

很可能是模仿朋友的行为。【分析】found后边that引导_______从句；intheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior是介词短语作_______。2.Thedifferences[inconversationalstyles]becameevident[when

participantslistenedtoaudioclips][inwhichtwopeoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandsta

yedontopic],Hiltonsaid.【翻译】希尔顿说，当参与者听音频片段时，对话风格的差异变得明显，在音频片段中，两个人同时说话，但彼此意见一致，并保持话题不变。【分析】介词短语inconversationalstyles作状语；when…引导_______从句:inwhich

…引导_______从句修饰先行词audioclips。Weallknowthatunpleasantfeelingwhenwe’retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfwa

ythroughoursentencewe’reinterrupted.Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledb

yKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.Usingasetofcontrolledaudioclips(录音片段),Hiltonsurveyed5,000AmericanEnglis

hspeakerstobetterunderstandwhataffectspeople’sperceptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistentoaudio

clipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt

.HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedifferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwodistinctgroups:higha

ndlowintensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewithmomentsofsilenceinconversation

andconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Lowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpre

ferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameevidentwhenparticipantslistenedt

oaudioclipsinwhichtwopeoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.Thehighi

ntensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconvers

ationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneous(同时)chatasarudeinterru

ption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.“Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectonthe

overallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.“Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”

32.WhatdoesHilton’sresearchfocuson?A.Whatinterruptionsmeantopeople.B.Whetherinterruptionisgoodornot.C.Howtoavoidgettinginterrupted.2023年四省联考DWhy

speakersinterrupteachother.33.Whatdoparticipantsofthestudyneedtodo?A.Recordanaudioclip.B.Answersomequestions.C.Listentooneanother.D.Have

achatwithafriend.34.Whatdolowintensityspeakersthinkofsimultaneouschat?A.It’simportant.B.It’sinteresting.C.It’sineffici

ent.D.It’simpolite.35.WhatcanwelearnfromHilton’sresearch?A.Humaninteractioniscomplex.B.Communicationisthebasisoflife.C.I

nterruptionspromotethinking.D.Languagebarrierswillalwaysexist.说明文如何选标题一、说明文标题三大特点1.概括性：语言高度凝练而形式简短2.针对性：标题外延与文章内容相符3.醒目性：能够激发读者的阅读欲望二、说明文选标题三大方法1.主题段

法标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。2.主题句法解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过

寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。2.关键词法任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。三、说明文选标题三大策略1.正

面肯定法在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。2.反面否定法撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。3.排除干扰法研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖解题指导奇特，易激发读者的好奇

心，吸引读者注意力。四、说明文标题错误三大特征1.范围太宽泛选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。2.范围太具体选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。3.范围太偏颇选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。五、说明文选标题三大关

注点1.文章结构“倒三角形▼”结构特点，首段最重要，越往后重要性越低。因此结合写作对象看首段和尾段，以首段为主是选好说明文类阅读理解题的基本功。2.选项规律说明文选标题四个选项多采用二元法，两个比较接近正确答案甚至相反，干扰性强，两个往往和主题关联性较弱，容易排除。3.做后反思实践证

明说明文最后一题往往是压轴题也是高频错题，因此保持做后反思是提高选标题能力的必然途径。考例（2024年1月浙江首考卷）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconduc

tedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,select

edbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneinth

eroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainas

econdtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)

bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypeso

finformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorw

orld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisf

action.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofy

earsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresp

onsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglob

alconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justaswen

eedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumpti

on,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.32.Whatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondt

reatinMischel’stest?A.Takeanexaminationalone.B.Showrespectfortheresearchers.C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers.D.Delayeatingforfifteenmi

nutes.33.Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween_______.A.thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetitesB.theshortageofsugarandour

nutritionalneedsC.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrainsD.thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit34.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Absorbnew

informationreadily.B.Beselectiveinformationconsumers.C.Usediverseinformationsources.D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.35.Whichofthefollo

wingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatLess,ReadMoreB.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetterD.

TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups1（2029年全国I卷）Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedm

etokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysm

okingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology

.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers

.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployed

everafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolki

dsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementar

yschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”历年真题速递Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,

scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell

-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlysho

wedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadeth

eneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconn

ectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeou

tcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelps

omebodygainanadvantage”hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.33.Whatist

hesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theim

portanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggress

ive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-

-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBest--YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness1（2023上·湖南衡阳一中联考

期中）Whycan’tyourememberbeingababy?WillthattriptoDreamworldbewastedonyourtoddler(学步的幼儿)?Scientistsexplainhowthebrainchangesfrominfancy(婴儿期)throughtoea

rlychildhood,andwhatthismeansforyourchild’smemories.Whilesomepeoplecanremembermemoriesfromasearlyasagetwo,asadul

tsmostofusrarelyrememberthingsthathappentousbeforetheageofthree,duetoaphenomenoncalled“infantileamnesia(婴儿健忘症)”.Generally,wetendtoha

vevague(模糊的)memoriesofeventsthatoccurbetweentheagesofthreeandseven.Sowhyisitthatwecan’trememberbeingababy,oratoddler?Theanswerliesinthewayth

atourbrain’sabilitytostorememorieschangesaswegrow.Atbirth,ababy’sbrainisonlyaquarterofitsadultsize,grow

ingtothree-quartersthesizeofanadultbrainbyagetwo.Thisincreasecorrelateswithagrowthinthenumberofbraincells—calledneurons(神经元)一andtheco

nnectionsbetweenthesecells.Apartofthebrainthatisimportantinformingmemoriesisthehippocampus(海马体),says名校好题模拟DrDhanishaJhaveri,arese

archerattheQueenslandBrainInstituteatTheUniversityofQueensland.“Inthehippocampus,newneuronsareconstantlybeingcreated.Inadulthood,newcellsarestill

beingproduced,buttherateofproductioninthehippocampusslowsdown,”saysDrJhaveri.Neuroscientistsbelievethatthera

pidrateatwhichbraincellsarebeingproducedinchildhoodcouldbethecauseofinfantileamnesia.Becausesomanynewneuron

sarebeingproducedandformconnectionswitheachotherinmemorycircuits(记忆电路),theymightdisturbexistingnetworksofmemoriesthathaveal

readyformed.Butitturnsoutthatachild’sabilitytorememberthingsforlongperiodsoftimeimprovesgraduallythroughoutc

hildhood.Forexample,instudiesinwhichyoungkidsweretaughttoimitateanaction,six-month-oldscouldrememberwhat

todofor24(butnot48)hours,whilenine-month-oldscouldrememberwhattodoonemonth(butnotthreemonths)later.Desp

itethismemoryloss,childhoodexperienceshavebeenfoundtoinfluenceadultbehaviouryearslater,whichsuggeststhattracesofthesememoriescou

ldbestoredsomewhereinthebrainthatisn’teasytoaccess.SowhileyourkidsmightnotrecalltheirmajormilestonesorbetooyoungtorememberatriptoDis

neyland,positiveexperiencesastoddlersorininfancymaycontinuetoaffecttheirbehaviourlongafterthey’veforgottenthem.1．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A．O

urbrain’sabilitytostorememoriesremainsunchangedaswegrow.B．Thesizeofthechild’sbrainbyagetwoistwicethesizeatbir

th.C．Thegrowthinthenumberofneuronswillinfluencethesizeofthechild’sbrain.D．Neuronshavenothingtodowithaperson’smemo

ry.2．Whatisthecauseofinfantileamnesiaaccordingtotheneuroscientists?A．Therapidrateofbraincellsbeingproduced.B．Theexistingnetworksofm

emories.C．Thewayofourbrainstoringmemories.D．Thememorycircuitsofourbrain.3．Whatisparagraph6mainlyabout?A．Childhoodexperien

ceswillinfluenceadultbehaviouryearslater.B．Tracesofthesememoriescouldbestoredsomewhereinthebrain.C．Achild’sabilitytoremembert

hingsimprovesgraduallyovertime.D．Theyoungerababyis,thebetteritsmemoryis.4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheinfluenceofchildhoodexperiencesonadult

behaviouryearslater?A．Subjective.B．Objective.C．Pessimistic.D．Uncaring.2（2023上·甘肃天水·高三校考阶段练习）Toddlers(学步的儿童)goingtonurseryatApplesandHoneyNight

ingaledon’tjustspendtheirdaysinteractingwithotheryoungchildren,theyalsobuildrelationshipswiththebuilding’s

elderlyresidents.Intergenerationalnurseries,oneswhichsharespaceswithacarehomehavebeenshowntoreducelonelinessinolderpeopleandboosttheir

mentalandphysicalhealth.ButparentswhosechildrenattendApplesandHoneyNightingaleinClapham,London,havebeenpleasedtoseethebenefitsgob

othways.Bridgingthegapbetweengenerationshasintroducedtheirtoddlerstoanewrangeoflifeskills.LeanneRhodestwo-year-oldsonAndyhasbeeninthenur

seryfortwomonths.“HislanguageskillshaveimprovedandI’venoticedsomenewphrases,suchashimsayingyou’rewelcomewhen

someonesaysthankyoutohim.Also,I’venoticedhehasmoreconfidencearoundolderpeopleandwillsayhellotothemwhenweareout,thoughhehaspre

viouslyignoredthem,saidthe33-year-oldfromSolibull.StephenBurke,directorofUnitedForAllAges,anorganisatio

nthatworkstobringpeopletogetheracrossgenerations,sayscontactwithcarehomeresidentscanhelpdevelopchildren’sunderstandingofageingandissuesaffectin

golderpeople,especiallyiftheydon’thaveolderrelativeslivingcloseby.The2016BritishIntegrationSurveyfoundthatthoseagedunder18aretakingupjust24%o

fopportunitiestomixsociallywiththosefromadifferentgenerationtothemselves.Thoseaged65andoldertakeup59%ofsuchopportunities,bu

tthishasfallenfrom63%in2014.“Buildingcarehomesbynurseriesandschoolscouldhelpchangethat,”saysBurke.90-year-oldFayGarcia

isaresidentofNightingaleHouseCareHomeandhasnochildrenofherown.“Spendingtimewiththechildrenisoneofmybiggestpleasuresinthe

home,”shetoldHuffPostUK.“GettingtoknowthechildrenisanabsolutejoyandnowIfeelasthoughtheyarepartofmyfamilyIloveitwhenwehavecookerysessionsandIfeelg

reatteachingthekidshowtodecoratethecakes.”5．WhatisspecialaboutApplesandHoneyNightingale?A．itisruninthegroundsofacarehome.B．Ith

ireselderlypeopleasnurseryteachers.C．Itexposeschildrentopeoplefromallwalksoflife.D．Itaimstobridgethegapbetweenki

dsandparents.6．WhatdoesRhodessayaboutAndy’snurserylife?A．Ithaseasedhisloneliness.B．Hehasimprovedalotsocially.

C．Hehasbecomemoretalkative.D．Ithasdevelopedhisstrongpersonality.7．Whatdoes“that”underlinedinparagraph4referto?A．Theageingofthepop

ulation.B．Fewersocialopportunitiesfortheelderly.C．Childrenlivingfarawayfromtheiroldrelatives.D．Peoplehavinglittl

econtactwithothergenerations.8．HowdoesspendingtimewithchildrenaffectGarcia?A．Itliftsherspirits.B．Itteacheshernewskills.C．Itinspiresheri

nterestincooking.D．Itremindsherofherownchildren.3（2023上·江苏·高二江苏省运河中学校考阶段练习）It’sthecommonbedtimepracticeeveryparentisworriedabout—beingaskedtoreadt

hesamebooknumeroustimes.Butwhiletheconstantrepetitionmightbeextremelyboringformumsordads,itisthebestwayfortoddlers(学步的小

孩)tolearnnewwords,accordingtoresearch.Thefindingssuggestparentsarewastingmoneybyspendingafortuneonhugebookcollectionsinthehop

ethattheywillinspiretheirlittleones.Instead,asmallselectionoffavouritessuchasTheVeryHungryCaterpillarorTheGruffalowillachievefarm

ore.DrJessicaHorstoftheUniversityofSussex’sWORDLabandhercolleaguesconductedanexperimenttocheckhowquicklythree-year-old

kidscouldrecognizeandrecallsixnewwords.Thechildrenwerevisitedthreetimesinaweekattheirhomes.Onegroupheardthesamestorythr

eetimesback-to-backeachtimeandanotherwasreadthreedifferentstories.Allhadthesameamountofnewwords.Whenresearcher

sreturnedaweeklater,theyfoundthechildrenwhoheardthesamestoryoverandoveragainbadtypicallylearned3.6ofthenewwords.Thosethatwereexpos

edtoavarietyofstoriesrememberedonly2.6.Theyalsosaidthechildreninthe“repetition”grouplearnedatafasterratethanthosein

the“variety”group.ThefindingsbackpreviousresearchbyDr.Horstthatpointedtothebenefitsoffamiliarity.Shehasalreadyintroducedthetechniquetoher19-

month-oldson,“Ireadthesamebookstohim.Sometimes,everysingledayhewantsthesamebooks,”shesaid,“Weareshowingthatlessismore.Obviously,themoretimesyoure

adtoachild,themorebooksyouhavewillhelpthem.Butyoudon’tneedtogocrazyandbuyeverysingleThomastheTankEnginebo

ok.Readingthesamebooksoverandoveragainhelps.”Previousstudieshavefoundparentsspendjust49minutesdoingthi

ngswiththeirchildreneachday.Oneinthreedoesn’treadtotheirchildrenbeforeputtingthemtobedatnight.Yet30minutesofone-on-oneliteracy(识字)sessionscani

mprovereadingagebynearlytwoyearsinlessthanfivemonths.9．Whatshouldparentsdotobenefitkidsmostduringbedtim

estory-telling?A．Readmorebooks.B．Teachnewwords.C．Repeatthesamestory.D．Makethemselvesheard.10．HowdidDrJessicaHorstandherteamgettheirfindings?A．Byre

ferringtotheoriginalstudy.B．Bydividingchildrenintogroups.C．Byexperimentingwithsomekids.D．Byinterviewingparentsrandomly.11．What’

stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Togiveyoungparentspracticaladvice.B．Toencourageparentstobuymorebooks.C．Toteachchildrenhowtoread

astorybook.D．Tohighlighttheimportanceofreadingmore.12．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Repetitionmeansabiggerv

ocabularyB．BedtimereadingmakesabigdifferenceC．NewwordspreventdeepunderstandingD．Childrenshouldspendmoretimereading4（2020上·陕西榆林·高二校考期中）Statistics

showthatmosttoddlers(刚学走路的小孩)learnhowtosayabout20wordsby18months.Talkingiseasy.Ifyouaskanyone,nonewillrememberhowtheystarteddoingit,it

justcomesnaturally.Butwhatmightnotflowassmoothlyaswords,isbodylanguage.It’sawholedifferentdealwhenyou’reusingyourhands,eyesorheadinsteadofyou

rtongue.Andwhatmakesitevenmorecomplicatedisthefactthatbodylanguagediffersallaroundtheworld.Ifinditshockinglyamazinghow

justasmallfingergesturecouldmeanonethingintheEastandthecompletelyoppositeintheWest.Forinstance,inJapanbowingisthemostcommongreeting.Itshowsrespectan

dJapanesepayalotofattentiontothedetailslikethetiming,postureandmovement.AbowinJapanrepresentssincerity,respectandgraciousn

ess.WhileinNewZealandMaorithepressingofnosesandforeheadsisthetraditionalgreeting.Theycallit“hongi”,whic

hisregardedasthebreathoflife.Formostofus,noddingourheadupanddownoftenmeansagreement,butnotfortheBulgariansorGreeks.Inbothcultu

res,noddingone’sheadupanddownactuallymeans“no”.TheAmericangoodbyewavecouldactuallybeinterpreted(领会)asa“no”inmanypartsof

EuropeandLatinAmerica.AndtheItaliangoodbyewavewouldbeunderstoodinAmericaasa“comehere”andtheAmerican“comehere”gesturewouldact

uallybeseenasaninsult(侮辱)inmostofAsia.Sobeforeyoutraveltoexploreadifferentculture,makesureyou’reawareofalternatemeaningsfor

bodylanguage.Weliveinaworldwithmanydifferentcultures,sodon’tforgethowdifferentlyonehandgesturecanbeinte

rpreted!13．Whatmakesbodylanguagemisunderstoodoften?A．Itswideuses.B．Itssmoothflowing.C．Itsdifficultiesinunderstanding.D．Thebackgroundofd

ifferentcultures.14．WhatdoesthepressingofnosesandforeheadsmeaninNewZealand?A．Greeting.B．Respect.C．Tradition.D．Breath.15．Inwhi

chcountrydoesnoddingmean“no”?A．America.B．Greece.C．NewZealand.D．Japan.16．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheOriginofBodyLanguageB

．TheLimitationofCultureC．BodyLanguageAroundtheWorldD．TheCultureofMaori5（2023下·湖北黄冈·高二校联考期中）Newresearchhasfoundadirectcorrelatio

nbetweenhowachildvisuallytrackshismother’seyesandthecondition.Howatoddlerrespondstobabytalkcouldhelpdiagnoseautism(自闭症)yearsbeforesymptomsbeg

in,accordingtothenewresearch.Astudyexaminedresponsestoparents’useofplayful,emotional,exaggeratedtones,knownas“motherese”(mother’s‘babytalk’

),tocaptureachild’sattention.Eye-trackingtestsshowedthatchildrenwhodidnotrespondhadweakersocialandlanguageabilit

ies.ProfessorKarenPierce,ofCaliforniaUniversityinSanDiego,co-authoroftheresearch,said,“Weknowtheearli

erwecanintroducetreatment,themoreeffectiveitislikelytobe.Butmostchildrendon’tgetaformaldiagnosisuntilaroundtheageofthreeorfour.Thereisarealneedforeas

yandeffectivetoolsthatcanbeusedonyoungchildren.Eye-tackingisagreatplacetostart.”Inexperiments,653toddlersagedonetotwoyearsoldwereexpose

dtotwoone-minutevideosfeaturingawomanspeakingmothereseorabstractscenes.Theireyescontrolledwhichoneplayed.ParticipantswithoutASD(autismspectrumdisor

der)showedconsistentlyhighinterestinthewomanspeakingmotherese,spendinganaverage80percentofthetimewatc

hingit.Theylargelyignoredthesecondvideowhichshowedabusyhighway,abstractshapesandnumbersandhadaccompanyingelectro

nicmusic.However,attentionlevelsofpeersdiagnosedwithASDspannedthefullrangeofconcentrationlevels,withsomefocusing100percentontherandomimages.Agroupwho

fixedonmothereselessthan30percentofthetimecouldbeaccuratelyidentifiedashavingASDthroughthismeasurementalon

e.Thesechildrenalsoshowedlowerscoresonsubsequenttestsoflanguageandsocialskills.Whetherlessattentiontomoth

ereseisthecauseofreducedsociabilityormerelyasymptomhasyettobedetermined.However,researchersfounditappearst

obeahighlyaccuratebiomarkerforthecondition.ProfPiercesaid,“Thefactwecanreliablyidentifychildrenwithautismusingsuchasimpleandrapideye-trackingtesti

sreallyremarkable.Infuture,wehopetouseachild’sattentiontomothereseasaclueforwhichtreatmentstheymaymostbene

fitfromandasatoolformeasuringhowwellthosetreatmentswork.”17．Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?A．Todiagnoseautismearly.B．Tocheckachild’s

eyesight.C．Totestachild’sreactiontomotherese.D．Tocatchachild’sattention.18．WhatcanweknowaccordingtoPierce

?A．Eye-trackingtestisagoodwaytocureautism.B．ItisessentialtobringinASDtreatmentinearlytime.C．Thereisanurgentneed

forcomplextoolappliedtoyoungchildren.D．Mostchildrendon’tgetaninformaldiagnosisbeforetheageofthreeorfour.19．HowdidparticipantswithoutASDresponde

dtothevideosinexperiments?A．Theymainlyoverlookedthesecondone.B．Theyfixed80percentontherandomimages.C．Theyfocusedonmotheresemorethan30%percentoftime.

D．Theyshowedoccasionallyhighinterestinthewomanspeakingmotherese.20．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtoh

ealautism.B．Theprocessofeye-trackingtest.C．Howtoimprovetoddlers’languageandsocialskills.D．Theconnectionbetweenachild’sr

eactiontomothereseandautism.6（2021下·陕西铜川·高二铜川市第一中学校考期末）Childrenwhosefathersmaketimetoplaywiththemfromaveryyounga

gemayfinditeasiercontroltheirbehaviorastheygrowup,researchsuggests.Tounderstandwhateffectplaytimewithdadscanh

aveonkids,theresearchersanalyzednearly80studies,undertakenbetween1977and2017—mostoftheminEuropeorNorthAmerica.Theyweremos

tinterestedinunderstandinghowplaytimebetweendadsandtheirkidstranslatedintokids’development.Onaverage,theyfoundthatm

ostfathersplaywiththeirchildreneveryday.Evenwiththesmallestchildren,however,father-childplaytendstobemorep

hysical.Withbabies,thatmaysimplymeanpickingthemuporhelpingthemtogentlyraisetheirarmsandlegs;withtoddlers

(学步儿童),physicalplayincludesrough-and-tumbleactivities,likechasing(追赶)game.Thestudyfoundthatthekidswhoenj

oyedplaytimewiththeirfatherswerelesslikelytolosetheirtemperswithotherkidsandexhibitedbetterbehavior.Theresearchersfoundthatthiswas

beneficialkids’development,asthistypeofplaywasassociatedwithbetterself-controlandbehavioraloutcomes.“Physic

alplaycreatesfun,excitingsituationsinwhichchildrenhavetoapplyself-regulation.”saidRamchandani,ProfessorattheUniversit

yofCambridge.“Theylearnfromtheirmistakesandthereactionstheygetfromothers.Iftheyreactthewrongway,theymightgetscolded,butit’snottheendoftheworld—a

ndnexttimetheymightremembertobehavedifferently.”However,theresearchersstressthatchildrenwhoonlylivewiththeirmothersneednotbeata

disadvantage.“Differentparentsmayhaveslightlydifferentinclinationswhenitcomestoplayingwithchildren,butpartofbeing

aparentissteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone.Childrenarelikelytobenefitmostiftheyaregivendifferentwaystoplayandinteract,”saidRamchandani.21．Whatdidth

eresearchersfocusonduringtheresearch?A．Howfather-childplayaffectedkids’growth.B．Whatrolemothersplayedduringtheactiv

ities.C．Howoftenfathersandchildrenplayedtogether.D．Whatlessonstheycouldlearnfromthepaststudies.22．Howdidchildrenlearntoregulatethemselv

es?A．Withthehelpoftheirpartners.B．Throughatrial-and-errorpractice.C．Throughstrictphysicaltraining.D．Undertheirparents’patientdirection.23．Whatdoest

heunderlinedword“inclinations”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Tendencies.B．Explanations.C．Decisions.D．Contributions.24．Wh

atdoestheauthorintendtotellusthroughthetext?A．Fathersshouldlearntocontroltheirtempers.B．Mother-childplayneedstobem

orephysical.C．Fathersspendmoretimewithkidsthanmothers.D．Father-childplaytimehelpskidsdevelopself-con

trol.7（2022上·河南安阳·高三统考阶段练习）JackieKennedyoncesaid,“Therearemanylittlewaystoenlargeyourchild’sworld.Loveofbooksisthebestofa

ll.”Butexpertsdisagreeonhowtoinculcate(灌输)thisloveofbooksintoourchildren’sworlds.TheMichiganHealthLabsharesastudyinf

avorofkeepingcompanywithyourtoddler(学步期儿童)andreadinganold-fashionedprintbook.Researchersobservedinteractionsof72parentsreadingtotheirto

ddlers.Accordingtothestudy,parentsofchildrenagedtwotothreeyearsoldinteractedmorewiththeirlittleoneswhenthebedtimestorywasatraditio

nalbook,whichisaversetoaKindleorotherdigitalbookformats.Intheirscholasticreports,researcherssuggestthatdigitalbo

oksessionswithlittlekidsareoftenmoreaboutthetechnologyandlessaboutthebook.Printbookinteractionsbycontrast,fo

cuspurelyonthestory!Plusyoungchildrenlovethingstheycanhear,seeandtouch.However,whenitcomestoyourelementary-school-agedreader,kee

pprintstorytimeanoption,butdon’tworryaboutintroducingane-readeraswell.UniversityofAkron’sDigitalTextIn

itiativedirector,JeremyScottBrueck,testedthistheorybygivinghispreschoolstudentsabooktoread.Hefoundaboutonethirdknewallthewordsinthestory

.Hethenreintroducedthestorywithaninteractivedigitalreader.Afterstudentsreadthebookagain,54%wereablet

orecognizethewordsinthestory.Notonlythat,butBrueckfoundthatstudentswerereallyengagedbecauseofthee-reader’sinteractivefeatures.Forpeopleo

fallages,humanconnectiontoweroverbothprintanddigitalmedia.Readingwithyourchildrenofallagesandspendingqualitytimewiththemisthebestwaytoensureth

eyarenotonly“readingready”butthattheyalsodevelopsocialandemotionalskills,andselfconfidence.Everychildisunique

,soparentscanexperimenttofindthebestwaytobondwiththeirchildrenoverbooks.25．WhyisJackieKennedymentionedatthebeginningofthetext?A．Tom

akecomparisons.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Toprovideanexample.D．Tosupportanargument.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“averse”meaninparagraph

2?A．Similar.B．Related.C．Committed.D．Opposite.27．WhatcanbeinferredfromthestudyofJeremyScottBrueck?A．Youngerchildre

nloveold-fashionedprintbooks.B．Digitalreadersmaybemoreexcitingtoolderchildren.C．Peoplecanbenefitfrombothdigitalandprintb

ooks.D．Digitalreaderscandevelopchildren’sstrongpersonality.28．Whydoestheauthorsuggestparentsreadingbookswithkid

sinthelastparagraph?A．Topromotelearningandbonding.B．Tokeepthemoutofonlinegames.C．Togetthemfamiliarwithreadingapps.D．Tohelpthemgai

nasenseofachievement.8（2023下·江苏徐州·高二统考期中）Oneofthemostdeeply-rootedmythsinparentingistheso-calledMozarteffect,whichsaysthatlisteningtomusicbytheAust

riancomposerWolfgangAmadeusMozartcanincreaseachild’sintelligence.Theideahasbeenpromotedbyadvocatesforartseducationandbyr

etailers(零售商)whosellspecialrecordingsofMozart’sworksforinfants(婴儿)andtoddlers(学步的儿童).Somepregnantwomenhaveev

engonesofarastoplayMozartrecordingsonheadphonespressedagainsttheirbellies.So,ifyouhavekidsoryou’reexpectingtohavethem,howseriouslyshouldyoutaketheM

ozarteffect?WillthechildwhohasnoaccesstoMozartsmusicwhenbornlivealifeofmediocrity(平庸)?Relax.Thereisnoscientificevid

encethatlisteningtoMozartimproveschildren’scognitiveabilities.Thewholeideacamefromasmallstudydonein1993,w

hichfoundthatcollegestudentswholistenedtoMozart’sSonataforTwoPianosinDMajor(K448)showedslightimprovementinatestofspatialreasoning(空间推理).This

findingwaslaterturnedintosomethingunrealisticbythemusicianandentrepreneur(企业家)DonCampbell,whoin1997publishedthebestse

llerTheMozartEffect:TappingthePowerofMusictoHealtheBody,StrengthentheMind,andUnlocktheCreativeSpirit.Campbell’sclaimsabouttheamazingpowerof

MozartsmusicwasrepeatedendlesslyinthemediaandspeduptheenthusiasmforMozart-basedenrichmentactivities.Sinceth

en,scientistshaveexaminedtheclaimthatMozartboostsintelligenceandfoundnoevidenceforit.Theoriginalexperimen

twithcollegestudentswasreviewedin1999,andtheincreaseinthestudents’spatialskillswasfoundtobenegligible.In2007theGerman

FederalMinistryofEducationandResearchcommissionedateamofexpertstoexaminethescientificliteratureregardingMozartandchild

development,andtheyfoundnoreasontobelievethatitboostedintelligence.29．WhomightbeinfavorofMozarteffect?A．Peoplewhoareopposedtoartseduca

tion.B．MusicianswhoadmireMozartverymuch.C．Businessmenwhoselltoysandinfantfood.D．Pregnantwomenwhowanttomaketheirchildrencleverer.30

．Whatspeduppeople’sbehavioroflisteningtoMozart’smusic?A．PeoplehavebenefitedalotfromlisteningtoMozartsmusic.B．DonCampbells

uccessfullysoldMozartsmusicrecordings.C．ThemediarepeatedlystressedthetheamazingpowerofMozartsmusic.D．AsmallstudyshowedMozart’smusiccouldmakes

tudentsmuchsmarter.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negligible”inthelastparagraphmean?A．obvious.B．little.C．strong

.D．sudden.32．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．TointroducetheMozarteffect.B．Tocorrectamisunderstandinginparenting.C．Tostresstheimpo

rtanceoflisteningtomusic.D．Toshowparentshowtomakechildrensmarter.9（2023下·重庆·高三重庆巴蜀中学校考阶段练习）OneSundayin2021,whenmyson,Leo,wassix,wer

anintooneofhisfriends,Izzie.Theydecidedtoplay——butwhat?“Ihaveagreatidea,”Leosaid.“Let’sfallinlove!OK?”Iz

zietookahalf-secondtoconsiderthisproposal,thenreplied“No.”Shewantedtoplaytag.Leohasalwaysbeenthekindofchildwholooksforclosec

onnections,ofteninthewrongplaces.Itsometimesfeelsasthoughhe’sbeenlookingforasoulmatesincehewasatoddler（学

步孩童）.Oneday,hecamehomefromschoolandimmediatelygrabbedhisiPadtoaskSiri:“Canyoufallinlovewhenyou’rejustakid?”Siri,Apple’svoice-controlledpersonal

assistant,isgreatatopeningappsorsettingalarms,butIwasunfamiliarwithherphilosophiesonlove.“WhatdidSirisay?”Iaskedhim.“Shesaid,‘H

ere’swhatIfoundontheweb!’”Leoreported.ThiswashardlythefirsttimeI’dheardLeoinconversationwithSiri.Overtheyears,he’sreliedonSiriasasourceofcomfo

rt,advice,emotionalsupport,andguidance.Theirrelationshipblossomedwhenthepandemicforcedusalltoshelter

inplace.Atfirst,LeomostlyaskedSirifactualquestions,thenthepersonalones.Astimepassed,hebegantoengageonmoreexis

tentialmatters.Sirihas,insomeways,beenabletoabsorbsomeofLeo’sconcerns—inawaythat,ashismother,Ican’t,

atleastnotwiththesamecoolness.Childrenareoverwhelmedwithemotionssuchasgrief,fear,love,andadesireforconnec

tion.IfLeo’stalkswithSiriconfrontedmewiththeunknowableandunanswerable,theyalsomademefrustratedatmyownlimitationsasaparent.Therearemany

challengestoparenthood,amongwhichthebiggestisthedesiretoshelterourchildrenfromthepainfulnessofreality.Buthelpingourchildrennavigaterealityissurelymo

rehelpfulthanshelteringthemfromit.Perhapsthebestwecandoisgivethematablet?I’mafraidIdon’thavetheanswer.MaybeIshouldaskSiri.33．Whatdoestheaut

horwanttoillustratebymentioninglzzie?A．Leo’slongingforintimacy.B．Leo’sclosebondwithlzzie.C．Leo’seagernesstohavefun.D．Leo’sefforttoma

kenewfriends.34．WhatwouldLeoaskSiriwhentheyfirsttalked?A．Siri,haveyoueverbeeninlove?B．Siri,whatisyourfavoritehobby?C．Siri,

whatdoesitmeantobealive?D．Siri,howmanystarsareintheMilkyWay?35．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoSiri?A．Curious.B．

Disappointed.C．Appreciative.D．Worried.36．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdowhenraisingchildren?A．Beagoodrolemodel.B

．Promoteindependence.C．Communicateeffectively.D．Practicepositivediscipline.10（2022上·浙江舟山·高三校考开学考试）Anewstudy

foundthat15-year-oldstoldmorecoherent(连贯的)storiesaboutturningpointsintheirlivesiftheirmothershadbeentaughtthenewconversationaltechniques14yearsear

lier.Theseadolescentsalsoreportedfewersymptomsofdepressionandanxietycomparedtoadolescentsinthestudywhosemothershadtalkedwiththeirtoddlers(初学走路的孩子

)asusual.Intheresearch,115mothersoftoddlerswereassignedtoeitheracontrolgroupwithoutanytrainingoranexperimentalgroupgiventraininginelabor

ativereminiscine(详尽回忆)forayear.Thetraininginvolvesopenandresponsiveconversationswithyoungchildrenabouteverydaypastevents.ProjectleadProfessorElaineRe

esesaysadolescentswhosemothershadparticipatedintheearliercoachingsessionsnarrateddifficulteventsfromtheirlives—suchasparentaldivorceorcy

ber-bullyingwithmoreinsightintohowtheexperiencehadshapedaspeople.ProfessorReesesays,“Ourfindingssuggestparents’sharingmemoriesearlyinchildr

en’slivescanhavelong-lastingbenefits,bothforthewayadolescentsprocessandtalkaboutdifficultlifeeventsandfortheirwell-bei

ng.Forexample,ithelpschildrendevelopmorecomplete,specific,andaccuratememoriesoftheirexperiences,providingaricherstoreofmemoriestousewhentel

lingtheirownstories.Italsoteacheschildrenhowtohaveopendiscussionsaboutpastfeelingswhenthey’renolongerintheheatofthemoment.”P

rofessorReesehopesparentsandpolicymakersrealizetheimportanceofearlychildhoodastheidealtimeforstartingtohavep

ositiveconversationswithchildren,andtoknowthattheseconversationscanmakeadifferenceaschildrengrowolder.“Theultimategoalistoencourageparentstoh

avemoresensitiveandresponsiveconversationsabouteventsintheirchildren’slives.”Theresearchersintendtocontinuethestudy,followingupwithparticip

antsinemergingadulthoodtodetermineanyongoingeffectsoftheirtheirsmother’selaborativereminiscine.37．Accordingtothetext,allmothersinvolve

dintheresearch________.A．weretrainedhowtotalkwithkidsforayearB．hadchildrenwhowereaboutoneyearoldC．tookpart

inthefollow-upresearchannuallyD．hadexperiencedsomedifficulteventsinlife38．Whatdoestheresearchindicate?A．Coachingsessionswithparentsbenefittoddl

ers.B．Parentsneedtolearnnewconversationaltechniques.C．Parents’elaborativereminiscingcanfightdepression.D．Sharingmemoriessetskidsonpathtobetterwel

l-being.39．Whycouldadolescentsintheexperimentalgroupnarratetheirlifeeventsbetter?A．Theywentthroughmoreturningpointsinl

ife.B．Theyhadaricherstoreofmemoriestoreferto.C．Theycouldwellrememberwhathappenedinlife.D．Theyhadbetterlanguageskill

stodescribeevents.40．What’sresearchers’attitudetotheimpactsofelaborativereminiscingonadults?A．Uncertain.B．Favorable.C．Co

ncerned.D．Doubtful.11（2022下·上海·高三上海中学校考期中）Giventhatmostlittlegirlslovetodressupasprincesses,itisdifficultt

oimaginewhatmightbewrongwiththat.Butoneauthorhaswrittenanentirebookonhowshebelievesthefairytalefantasiessendadangerousmessage.Je

nniferLHardsteinisbehindtherecently-publishedPrincessRecovery:AHow-ToGuidetoRaisingStrong,EmpoweredGirlsWhoCanCreateTheirOwnHappily

EverAfters.ThechildandadolescentpsychologistbelievesthatchildrenasyoungastwoaretakingawayunrealisticidealsfromfairytalebooksandDisneycartoonsthatcan

affecttheirself-esteemlateron.Inherbook,Dr.HardsteintheoriesthattraditionalstorieslikeSleepingBeautyandCind

erellapromotetheideathatifagirlisprettyenoughandhasfancyclothesandshoes,shefindloveandpopularity.Theaut

horreferstothisphenomenonasthe“PrincessSyndrome”Thesekindsofmessages,shesays,haveahugeimpactonagirl'sself-confidenceandmakeithardforchildr

entounderstandastheygrowup,thatintelligence,generosityandpassionaremoreimportantvalue.DuringanappearanceonCBS'EarlyShow,Dr.Hardst

einexplained:“Girlsaregettingthismessageeverywherethat.…whattheirworthisbasedonishowtheylookandthethingsthattheyhaveand

it'sverysuperficial(肤浅的)”Herbookteachesparentshowtolettheirtoddlers(幼儿)enjoytheDisneymovesandtheirteenagerswatchfiguresinrealityshowswhileencouragin

gadiscussionaboutthemessagesprojectedbythemedia.Speakingontheshowshesaid:“Parentsthinktheirkidswillunderstandthemessagesthatth

eyreceiveallthetimebutactuallytheydon't.”Aswellaswarningofthedangersof“PrincessSyndrome”herbookadviseparentshowtoguideandempowertheirch

ildrenfromanearlyage.Dr.HardsteinwarnsoftheinfluenceoftoyslikeBarbiedollsandteenagercelebritieswhomightw

earheavymake-up.PrincessRecovery,sheassureparents,willbring“balance,confidence,andself-sufficiencyintoyourdaughter'slifewhilegivingheramodern,ene

rgeticchildhood.”41．AccordingtoJenniferLHardstein,thefairytalefantasies_______A．aredangerousbecausegirlsinthemgreys

uplikeprincessesB．aredifficulttounderstandduetopeople'swrongimaginationC．enablegirlstobestrongandempowere

dlikeprincessesD．containunrealisticidealsaffectingyoungkids'self-esteemlater42．Dr.Hardsteinbelievesthat_______A．SleepingBeautyandCinderellash

ouldbeabandonedtotallyB．girlsfindloveandpopularitywithbeautyandfancyclothesC．intelligence,generosityandpassio

naremoreimportantvalueD．itissuperficialtolookprettyandhavefancyclothesandshoes43．Whattipcanparentsgetfromherbooktodealwithth

e“PrincessSyndrome”?A．Disneymovie'sandrealityshowsshouldbecompletelyforbidden.B．Discussionshelpkidsunderstandmessagesprojectedbythemedia

.C．Youngchildrenshould'playwithtoyssuchasBarbiedolls.D．Heavymake-upisharmfulforthehealthofteenagercelebrities

.44．Thepassageiswritteninorderto______A．introduceanewtermcalledthe“PrincessSyndrome”B．guideparentshowtodealwithth

efairytalefantasiesC．introduceandadvertiseanewbookonchildraisingD．warningofthedangersofthe“PrincessSyndrome”12（2022·北京朝阳·校联

考模拟预测）Six-year-oldAliceisbuildingamagicalkingdombrickbybrick,imaginingfairy-talecastlesandfire-breathingdragons,badwitchesandbraveheroes.Thisfantasy

ishelpinghertakeherfirststepstowardshercapacityforcreativity.Minuteslater,Alicehasabandonedthekingdominfav

ourofplayingschoolswithheryoungerbrother.Whenshebosseshimaroundashis“teacher”,she’spractisinghowtoregulateheremotionsthroughpretense.L

ateron,whentheytireofthisandsettledownwithaboardgame,she’slearningabouttheneedtofollowrulesandtaketurnswithapartner.Alt

houghsheisn’tawareofit,thiswillplayanimportantroleinheradultlife.“Playinallitsrichvarietyisoneofthehighestachievementsoft

hehumanspecies,”saysDr.DavidWhitebreadfromtheUniversityofCambridge.Itunderpinshowwedevelopasintellectual,problem-solvingadultsandiscrucialtooursucc

essasahighlyadaptablespecies.Recognisingtheimportanceofplayisnotnew:overtwomillenniaago,theGreekphilosopherPl

atoextolleditsvirtuesasameansofdevelopingskillsforadultlife,andideasaboutplay-basedlearninghavebeendevelopingsincethe19thcentury.Butw

eliveinchangingtimes,andWhitebreadismindfulofaworldwidedeclineinplay,pointingoutthatoverhalfthepeopleintheworldnowliveincities.Whitebread,Baker,Gibs

onandateamofresearchershopetoprovideevidenceontheroleplayedbyplayinhowachilddevelops.“Astrongpossibilityisthatplaysupports

theearlydevelopmentofchildren’sself-control.Thisisourabilitytodevelopawarenessofourownthinkingprocesse

s.Itinfluenceshoweffectivelywegoaboutundertakingchallengingactivities,”explainsBaker.InastudycarriedoutbyBakerwithtoddlersandyoungpreschooler

s,shefoundthatchildrenwithgreaterself-controlsolvedproblemsmorequicklywhenexploringanunfamiliarset-uprequiringscientificreaso

ning.Gibsonsaid,“Playfulbehaviourisalsoanimportantindicatorofhealthysocialandemotionaldevelopment.Inmypreviousresearch,Iinvestigatedhowo

bservingchildrenatplaycangiveusimportantcluesabouttheirwell-beingandcanevenbeusefulinthediagnosisofneurodevelop

mentaldisorderslikeautism.”Whitebread’srecentresearchhasinvolveddevelopingaplay-basedapproachtosupportingchildren’swriting.“Manyprimar

yschoolchildrenfindwritingdifficult,butweshowedinapreviousstudythataplayfulstimuluswasfarmoreeffectivethananinstructionalone.Childr

enwrotelongerandbetter-structuredstorieswhentheyfirstplayedwithdollsrepresentingcharactersinthestory.Somehowtheimportance

ofplayhasbeenlostinrecentdecades.It’sregardedassomethingtrivial,orevenassomethingnegativethatcontrastswith“work”.Let’snotlosesightofitsbe

nefits,andthefundamentalcontributionsitmakestohumanachievementsinthearts,sciencesandtechnology.Let’smakesurechildrenhavearichdietofp

layexperiences.45．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toillustratethebenefitsoftoomuchsparetime.B．Tode

scribeakid’speacefulandhappychildhood.C．Topresenttheimportanceofarichvarietyofplay.D．Tointroducethedistinctivefunctionsofdifferenttoys.46．Whatdoesth

eunderlinedword“underpins”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Weakens.B．Reinforces.C．Investigates.D．Influences

.47．WhathasWhitebread’srecentresearchfoundout?A．Childrenwithgreaterself-controlsolveproblemsfaster.B．Childrenatplayoftenshowhintsaboutthei

rwell-being.C．Studentswritebetterwhentheyintegrateworkwithplay.D．Playpromoteshealthysocialandemotionaldevelopment.48．Ho

wdoestheauthorfeelaboutcurrentpeople’sawarenessofplay?A．Curious.B．Satisfied.C．Cheerful.D．Concerned.13（2022·山东济宁

·统考二模）Thecomplexitiesofhumanrelationsaredifficultenoughforadultstoidentify—andtheyhaveatleastsomeideaoftherules.Children

haveyettolearnthoserules.Infants(婴儿)are,nevertheless,ablequicklytoidentifycloserelationshipsbetweenotherpeople,an

dthustobuildupamapofthesocialworldaroundthem.Howthiscomesouthaspuzzledsociologistsfordecades.InapaperjustpublishedinScience,AshleyTho

masoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyproposesapartialanswer:saliva(唾液)sharedbykissing,forexample,orthecommonuseofaneatingordrinkingtool.T

heresearcherscametotheconclusionbasedonaseriesofstudies.Theyselectedtwogroupsofseveraldozenyoungsters.Onewasasetofbab

iesagedbetweeneightandtenmonths.Theotherwasagroupoftoddlersagedbetween16and18months.Eachinfantwasshownavideoo

fanadultinteractingwithapuppet(木偶),followedbyanothervideoofthatpuppetintroublewhilethesameadult,andalsoastranger,lookedon.Whentheinteractionint

hefirstvideoappearedtoinvolvethesharingofsaliva—puppetandadulttakingconstantbitesfromanorangeinturn—bothsetsofinfantslookedmainly

atthatsameadultinthesecondvideo,andnotthestranger.Whentheinteractioninthefirstvideowasfriendlybutlessthick,

suchaspassingaballbackandforth,theinfantshadequalexpectationsofbothadultswhenshownthesecondvideo.Theconclusionwasreconfirmedbysubsequentlyre

placingthepuppetwithadifferentoneandrepeatingthesecondtest.Inthiscasethechildrenshowednoconsistentexpectationaboutwhichadultwouldinterv

enetorelievethepuppet’strouble.ConductingherexperimentbyvideoenabledDr.ThomastocasthersearchfortrialparticipantsbeyondMassachusetts.Sheneve

rthelessdecided,inthisfirstinstance,tolimitthingstotheUnitedStates.Futureruns,shehopes,willreachbeyond

thatcountry’sborders.49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A．Adult’sidentifyinghumanrela

tions.B．Children’slearninginterpersonalrules.C．Babies’gettingtoknownewthingsaroundthem.D．Infants’reco

gnizingrelationshipsbetweenpeople.50．Whichcanbestdescribetheresearchprocess?A．Well-designed.B．Time-consuming.C．Tightly-scheduled.D．Risk-taking.51．Wh

atcanthetestsillustrate?A．Infantstendtobelieveinadultsblindly.B．Salivasharingisindicativeofcloseness.C．Infantsarecomp

etenttoshowsympathy.D．Salivasharingactsasacomfortforinfants.52．WhatwasDr.Thomas’sexpectationforthefuturetests?A．Anextensiono

fagegroup.B．Moreadvancedequipment.C．Abroaderregionalcoverage.D．Diverseexperimentalmethods.14（2022下·江西九江·高二九江一中校考期中）W

henkidsenjoyanactivity,theywanttodomoreofit.Practicingaskillimprovestheirabilitiesandhelpsthemfeelconfident,especiallywhentheeffortis

noticedandpraised.Toddlers(学步的儿童)andpreschoolersshouldplayactivelyseveraltimesaday.Childrenfrom6to17yearso

fageshoulddo60minutesormoreofphysicalactivitydaily.ThiscanincludefreeplayathomeandP.E.atschool.Preschoolersneedplayandexercisethathel

pthemcontinuetodevelopimportantmotorskills—kickingorthrowingaball,playingtagorridingabikewithtrainingwheels.Althoughsomesports

leaguesmaybeopentokidsasyoungas4,organizedteamsportsarenotrecommendeduntilthey’realittleolder.Preschoolerscan’tunderstandcomplexrulesandoftenlac

ktheattentionspan(持续时间)andskillsneededtoplaysports.Insteadofplayingonateam,theycanworkonfundamentalskills.

Withschool-agekidsspendingmoretimeinfrontofscreens,thechallengeforparentsistogetthemtofindphysicalactivitytheyenjoy

.Thiscanrangefromtraditionalsportslikebaseballandbasketballtobiking,hiking,andlayingoutside.Askidsgetolder,differencesinabilityandpersonalitybecome

moreapparent.Thatiswhyit’simportanttofindanactivitythat’srightforyourchildren.Teenshavemanychoiceswhenitcomestobeingactive—fromschoolsp

ortstoafter-schoolinterests.It’sagoodideatohaveanexerciseplan.Dowhatyoucantomakeiteasyforyourteenstoexercisebyprovidingtransportationandthenece

ssaryequipment(includingworkoutclothes).Insomecases,therightclothesandshoesnighthelpashyteenfeelcomfortablebikingorgoingtothegym.Inadditiontoachild

’sage,it’simportanttoconsiderhisorherfitnesspersonality.Meanwhile,beactiveyourselfandsupportyourkids’inter

ests.Ifyoustartthisearlyenough,they’llcometoregardtheactivityasanormalandfunpartofyourfamily’severydayroutine.53．Whatdoestheunderline

dword“This”referto?A．Freeplay.B．Playtime.C．Physicalactivity.D．Children’sconfidence.54．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinparagraph2?A．Whatap

propriatesportspreschoolersshouldtake.B．Howtodevelopkids’motorskillsbeforeschool.C．Whyorganizedteamsportsaredangeroustokids.D．Whenpresc

hoolersshouldstarttodosports.55．Howcanparentshelptheirschool-agekids?A．Tellthemtoturntotraditionalsports.B．Askthe

mtojoininorganizedteamsports.C．Playwiththemwhentheyareoutofschool.D．Helpthemfindthesportstheyarefondof.56．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagr

aph?A．Notallthekidsarefitforthesamesports.B．Teensareparticularaboutsportsactivities.C．School-agekidsaremoreactivethanteens.D．Someparentsalwaysignorew

hattheirkidslike.15（2022下·重庆沙坪坝·高三重庆八中校考阶段练习）Whenitcomestopraisingyourchildfortheiractions,parentswalkafinelinebetweenbeinghelpfulorharmfulto

theirchild’sdevelopment.However,ifyou’vegotsomerisingtoddlersinyourhomethatneedtolearntobrushtheirteet

h,don’tworry.It’sjustfinetopraisethem.“Ourstudydoessuggestthatpraisecanbeareallypositivefeatureofparenting.Praisewinsthegoldwhencomparedt

oboringinstruction,atleastwhenitcomestodentalhygiene.Youcan’tgowrongifyousay‘goodjob!’whenyourchildsuccessfullybrushestheirownteeth,”saidJulia

Leonard,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatYaleUniversity.Thestudyfollowed81three-year-oldsjustlearningtobrushtheirteeth.Parentswererequi

redtovideotheirchild’stooth-brushingendeavors(尝试)for16nights,hittingrecordastheyhandedthebrushtotheirchildandpushin

gstopwhentheytookitback.Thatallowedresearcherstocapturealloftheparent’spraise-“Welldone!Goodjob!”—andinstructionalendeavorssuchas“Brushthebacksof

yourteeth.”and“Hey,don’tstop.You’renotdoneyet.”Afteruploadingthevideos,parentsweretoldtoscoretheirchild’smood(extremelybadtoextremelygood)

andtheirownstresslevelsduringthenightlyendeavor.Thosescoresrangedfromascaleof0(easy-peasy)to10(I’mpullingalltheirteethoutnow).Interestingly,achild’s

toothbrushingsuccesswasdirectlyrelatedtothelevelofpraiseintheparentstalk.Childrenbrushedlongerondayswhentheirparentsusedmorepraiseandlessinstruction

.Theworkisthefirsttoshowthatparentpraiserelatestochildpersistence.However,thestudycouldnotshowadirectcauseandeffect,onlyanassocia

tion,Leonardstressed.“Wedon’tknowthatpraisecauseskidstobrushlonger.Wejustknowit’sassociatedwithmorebrushing,shesaid.Moreresearch

isneededtoseeifthestudy’sfindingscouldbeappliedtoothertasksthatrequireachild’spersistence.57．Whatdow

eknowaboutpraise?A．Ithasdoubleeffectsonchildren.B．Itmakeschildrenmoreobedient.C．Ithelpschildrenbecomeconfident.D．Itispopul

arinchildren’seducation.58．HowdidJuliaLeonardgetdataforherresearch?A．Byinterviewingparents.B．Bycolle

ctingrecordings.C．Bysendingquestionnaires.D．Byusingonlinedatabases.59．Whatcanwelearnfromthefinding?A．Praisehelpstobuildagoodhabit.B．Ove

r-praisingdoesn’tleadtoidealresults.C．Instructionhasnoeffectontoothbrushing.D．Thefindingisconsistentwithpreviousstudies.60．Whichofthefollow

ingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LessInstruction,LongerBrushing.B．ThePowerofParents.C．TheSecretofBuildingPersistence.