【精准解析】内蒙古赤峰二中2019-2020学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题

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内蒙古赤峰二中2019-2020学年高二下学期第一次月考英语试题基础知识部分:从下面选项中找出正确的答案:(共计30题,每题1分)1.Whereisthewindow____glassisbroken?A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.its【

答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意:玻璃破了的窗户在哪里?此处为定语从句修饰先行词window,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故选C。2.All____canbedonehasbeendone.A.thatB.whatC.wh

ichD.ofwhich【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意:能做的都做了。此处空处到canbedone为定语从句修饰先行词all,先行词为all,在从句中作主语,只能用that引导。故选A。3.Thisist

hecar____whichhecamehere.A.byB.inC.atD.on【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意:这就是他来这里的车。本句是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词thecar在从句中作介词in的宾语

,即inthecar,by表示乘座或使用交通工具时,后面不能用冠词,即bycar。故选B项。4.I’llneverforgettheday___Ispentwiththem.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.whenD.that【答案】D

【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我和他们在一起的那一天。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是theday,关系词在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语,所以空处需用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故选D。5.Thatisthe

onlyplace____wecanvisitnextmonth.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.towhich【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意:那是我们下个月能去的唯一的地方。分

析句意,定语从句部分缺宾语,故关系词应用关系代词。又因为从句的先行词被theonly修饰,故关系词只能用that。综合分析,故选B项。6.Thereason___hewaslatewas___hegotuplate.A.why,whyB.why,be

causeC.why,thatD.why,as【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句关系词和表语从句引导词。句意:他迟到的原因是他起得晚。Thereason___hewaslate是定语从句,先行词是thereason,在从句中作原因状

语,使用关系副词why;___hegotuplate是表语从句,从句结构完整,不缺成分,使用只起引导作用的that。故选C项。7.Hehasbeensenttotheplace________needshimmost.A.whereB.thatC.

whatD.it【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他已经被派到最需要他的地方了。本题定语从句的先行词是theplace,定语从句中缺少主语,要用关系代词that指代先行词,引导定语从句并在句中做主语。CD项不能引导定语从

句,where要在句中做状语。故B项正确。【点睛】本题考查了关系代词that的用法,that是比较常见的关系代词,并且有的时候是只能用that。接下来就看看时候只用that的情况。1当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,few,al

l,alone,little,some等指人或物的代词时。或者是有诸如every,any,all,no,much等词修饰时。Thereseemstobenothingthatcanhelpyou.似乎没有任何事可以帮你。(nothing出现)B.Allthatcanbeappli

edintheresearchhavebeenrejected.所有能被运用于研究的都被否决了。(all的出现)2当先行词既有人也有事物。A.Thetalkedthepeopleandthingsint

hebarthattheyremember.他们谈论着他们记起的酒吧的人和事。(人和物的出现)3有形容词最高级修饰先行词时。ThisisthebesthotelinthecitythatIknow.这是我

所知道的城市里最好的旅馆。(best为最高级)4.序数词修饰先行词时。Thefirsttimethattheymeettogetherwasyesterday.他们第一次遇见是在昨天。(first的出现)5当theonly,thever

y出现时。BeforehefallsinloveAmanda,theonlythingthathecaredishimself.在他爱上Amanda之前,他唯一在意的是他自己。8.___isknowntoall,XiaoMingisgoodatEnglish.A.ItB.AsC.Which

D.What【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意:众所周知,小明英语很好。固定词组Asisknowntoall(众所周知)是非限制性定语从句,which引导非限制定语从句不能放在句首,as引导非限制定语从句可以放在句首。故选B项。9.Hepaidthebo

y$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof___hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他付给那个男孩10美元让他洗10扇窗户,其中大部分至少有

一年没擦了。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词windows,且作介词of的宾语,指物,应用关系代词which。故选D。10.Idon’tlikeyouspeaktoher.A.theway

B.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。先行词是theway时,定语从句用inwhich/that或是不用关系

代词。故选A。点睛:考查定语从句一要看先行词,而要看从句的成分,如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which但先行词是theway的时候比较特殊,要特殊对待。11.Hetoldusthenews___ou

rteamhadwonthematch.A.whichB.thatC.whyD.when【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句。句意:他告诉我们,我们队赢了比赛的消息。此处为同位语从句,解释说明news,从句中不缺少成分,句意完整,故用只起连接作用的that引导。故选B。

12.Wordcame___someAmericanguestswouldvisitourschool.A.whetherB.thatC.asD.how【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:有消息说一些美国客人要来参观我们学校。分析句子,此处的先行词为抽象名词,且从句部分

为改抽象名词的内容。故该从句为同位语从句。经过成分分析后可知,从句部分不缺任何成分且不缺句意。综合分析,故选B项。13.Itdependson___wehaveenoughtime.A.ifB.whichC.ifornotD.whether【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查宾

语从句。句意:这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。分析句意,宾语从句部分不缺成分但缺“是否”之意。在宾语从句中,if译为“是否”但不引导介词的宾语从句。综合分析,故选D项。14.___theoldman'ssonswan

tedtoknowwas___thegoldhadbeenhidden.A.That;whatB.What;whereC.What;thatD.Whether;if【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词性从

句。句意:老人的儿子们想知道的是金子藏在什么地方。第一空为主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指想知道的事情应用what;第二空为表语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,应用where。故选B。15.___theorymustbecloselyconnectedwithpracticeisabasicrulewes

houldalwayskeepinmind.A.WhyB.WhatC.ThatD.How【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查主语从句的连接词。句意:理论必须与实践紧密联系,是我们必须牢记的一个基本原则。分析可知,这是一个主语从句,从句中的主语是the

ory,谓语是mustbecloselyconnectedwith,宾语是practice,可见,从句不缺少成分,且从句意义也完整,应用连接词that。故选C项。16.___picksupthewalletandhandsitinwillbep

raisedbytheteacher.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.ThatwhoD.Whothat【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查主语从句的引导词。句意:谁捡到钱包并把它交给老师就会受到表扬。根据谓语动词willbepraisedby可知此处是一个

主语从句;分析主语从句成分可知,缺少主语,指人,此处指“无论是谁”。故选B项。17.Therecanbenodoubt___heisfitforthejob.A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.onwhich【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查固定

句型。句意:他能胜任这项工作,这是毫无疑问的。表示“毫无疑问……”句型为therebenodoubtthat...。故选B。18.Iknownothingabouthim___heisanEnglishman.A.exceptforB.excep

tC.exceptthatD.besides【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词以及介词短语辨析。句意:除了知道他是英国人以外,我对他一无所知。A.exceptfor除了……以外,表示一种排除关系,通常用于句首,excep

tfor和except不同之处是:前者“除开”的部分和论述的部分通常不是同一类事物,而后者则为同一类事物;B.except只作介词,是“除……之外(不包括本身在内)”的意思,有否定和排除的涵义,表示从整体中除去一部分;C.exceptthat表示“

除了……之外”,其后需加从句,用来表示理由或细节,修正前面所说的情况;D.besides是介词,意为“除了……以外(还有)”,具有肯定和附加的涵义,即表示“在……之外,还另加……”,后接名词、动词-ing形式或代词。根据后文heisanEnglishman可知应用

exceptthat。故选C。19.Ithink___justnow.A.itwasimportantwhathesaidB.thatimportantwhathesaidC.thatwasimportan

twhathesaidD.itimportantwhathesaid【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查it形式宾语。句意:我认为他刚才说的话很重要。原句为:Ithinkwhathesaidjustnowimportant(此种表达并不合适),本句用it做

形式宾语放在think后面,指代what引导的宾语从句(whathesaidjustnow),宾语从句放句尾,避免头重脚轻,故句子为:Ithinkitimportantwhathesaidjustnow。故选D项。20.Acomputercanonlydo___

youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。句意:计算机只能做你指示它去做的事情。A.how怎样,如何;B.after以后;C.what什么;D.when什么时候。分析句子可知,这是一个

宾语从句,连接代词what在宾语从句中做do的宾语,故选C项。21.Thespeakerthoughtithardtomakehimself___.A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood【答案】D【解析】

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:演讲者认为要使自己的话被理解是困难的。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,understand与himself构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作宾补。故选D。22.Withtheoldman___thew

ay,wehadnotroublein___thatcave.A.leading;findingB.leads;findC.led;tofindD.wasleading;found【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查现在分词和动名词。句意:有老

人带路,我们毫不费力地找到了那个山洞。第一空是“with+宾语+宾补”with复合结构,名词theoldman和动词lead是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词(doing)做宾补;第二空have(no)troubleindoingsth.(做某事有/无困难),应用动名词(doing)

做宾语。故选A项。23.Iremember___forthejob,butIforgottheexactamount.A.topayB.payingC.tohavepaidD.beingpaid【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动名词的被动式。句意:我

记得收到了那份工作的报酬,但是我忘了具体的金额。remembertodosth.(记得去做某事,“未完成”),rememberdoingsth.(记得做过某事,“已完成”),由Iforgottheexactamount可知,此处表“记得

收到了那份工作的报酬”,应用动名词形式,又因主语I和动词pay是被动关系,应用动名词的被动式(beingdone)。故选D项。24.___allthetimeisthekeyto___progressinEnglish.A.Practice;makingB.Topra

ctice;makingC.Practicing;makeD.Topractice;make【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:不断练习是英语取得进步的关键。根据allthetime可知,此处要用不定式做主语,位于句首

,表示具体的、特定的行为,且短语thekeyto“关键在于”,to是介词,后接动名词做介词宾语。故选B项。25.Mostofthepeople_______tothepartywerefamousscientistsA.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.invit

ing【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查过去分词。句意:被邀请的人大多数是著名的科学家。Mostofthepeople与invite在逻辑上是被动关系。所以过去分词作定语。故选A项。26.Doyouknowtheboy___underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.lay

ingD.lying【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词做定语。句意:你认识躺在大树下的那个男孩吗?根据theboy与lay之间是主动关系,且表示“正躺在树下”,因此用现在分词做后置定语,修饰theboy。故选D项。27.Shepretend

ed_______mewhenIpassedby.A.havingnotseenB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.nottosee【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我路过时,他假

装没有看见我。pretend后接不定式作宾语,pretendnottodo“假装没有做”。故选D。28.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.

Havinggiven【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果给以更多的关注,树会长的更好。giveattentiontosth“给……足够的关注”,thetrees和give是被动的关系,所以用过去分词,故选A项。2

9.Johnwasmade___thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:作为惩罚,约翰被迫清洗卡车一个星期。使役动词make用在主动语态中

,其宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,即makesb.dosth.(让某人干某事);而make用在被动语态中,其主语补足语必须用动词不定式(todo),to不可以省略,即sb.bemadetodosth.(某人被迫做某事)。故选A项。30._____

_areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查分词做状语。句意:因为没有收到回信,他决定重新再写一封。本

题中的动词receive与句子主语he之间构成主动关系,故使用现在分词的形式。因为没有收到来信是在他重新写信之前,使用完成式,另外分词的否定式都是在前面直接加not。故C正确。阅读理解APaperback126pp.,illustratedinpenandink,o

ver35fullcolorAges10-13AudioBook3CDs,16-pagefullcolourbookletenclosedPricingInformationforPaperbackBooks:*Paymentcanbema

debycheckormoneyorderonthiswebsite.Online,securecreditcardorderingisavailablethroughthePaulRevereHousewebsitegiftshop(clickhere)atthesinglebookprice

.1-5Books-$12each6-10Books$9.60each(20%discount)11-20Books$8.40each(30%discount)21Booksormore-$7.20each(40%discount)ShippingandHandlingCharge

s:$4.50forthefirstbookplus$1.00foreachadditionalcopyordered.PricingInformationforAudioBooks:$19.95each(nodi

scount)*PaymentMethod:check/moneyOrderspaidbycheckwillbedelayed5-7dayswhilethecheckclears.Thosepaidbymoneyorderwillbeshippedimmediate

ly.MakeyourcheckormoneyorderpayabletoSpyglassBooks,LLCandmailtogetherwithyourprintedorderformto:SpyglassBooks,LLCP.O.Box7

30016WaterburyRoadProspect,CT06712.31.Ifyouwanttogetthebookimmediately,youshouldpay___A.bycheckB.bymoneyC.bye-mailD.bysecurecreditcard32

.Fromthepassage,weknowthatAudioBook____A.ismuchcheaperthanPaperbackB.isthesamepriceasPaperbackC.hasover35f

ullcolourphotosD.ismoreexpensivethanPaperback33.ThemainpurposeofwritingthispassageisA.toattractpeople

tobuythebookB.tointroducethebooktoreadersC.toinvitestudentstotalkaboutthebookD.totellpeoplehowtoreadthebook【答案】31.B32.D33.A【解析】这是一则广告。通过介绍平装书和有声书的价

格及优惠、支付方式、运输等具体信息,吸引人们购买这本书。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据PaymentMethod:check/money中Orderspaidbycheckwillbedelayed5-7dayswhilethecheckclears.Thosepaidbymoneyorderwi

llbeshippedimmediately.当支票通过后,以支票支付的订单将延迟5-7天发货。以钱付款的将立即发货。可知,如果你想立即得到这本书,你应该用钱支付。故选B项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据PricingInformat

ionforPaperbackBooks:1-5Books-$12each1-5本,12美元每本;6-10Books$9.60each(20%discount)6-10本书,每本9.60元(八折);11-20Boo

ks$8.40each(30%discount)11-20本,每本8.40元(七折优惠);21Booksormore-$7.20each(40%discount)21本书或以上,每本7.2美元(6折)。以及Pricin

gInformationforAudioBooks:$19.95each(nodiscount)有声书的定价信息:每本$19.95(不打折扣)。可知,有声书比平装书贵。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。浏览全文,根据Paperback和AudioBook的价格以及优惠、支付方式

、运输等具体信息,可知,这篇文章的主要目的是吸引人们购买这本书。故选A项。BIsabella,whosemotherdiedtwoyearsagoafterherlongbattlewitharareillness,hastorelyonherfatherassh

eapproachesthepre-teenstruggleseverygirlfacesgrowingup.Yet,whileherfather,Philip,hasbeendoingallhecan,hehasfailedtomaste

roneskillthatremainsimportantfor11-year-oldssuchasIsabella:hair.Heoriginallyjustgaveherashortcutbecausehedidn'tknowhowtodoanythingelse.

Onceherhairgrewback,however,Isabellalearnedtomakeasimpleponytail(马尾)onherwayoutthedooreachmorning.Itwasn'tuntilshenoticedherbusdriver,T

racyDean,braiding(编)anotherclassmate'shairthatIsabellagatheredthecouragetoaskherforhelp.Deanowesherg

oodrelationshipwiththecommunitysheservestoapreviouscancerdiagnosis(诊断).Sevenyearsago,shefoundoutshehadbrea

stcancer,andoneofthethingsthatwentthroughherheadwas:Whoisgoingtotakecareofherlittleones?Notthatherhusbandcouldn’tdoitbutthat’swhatmomsdo.De

an'sselflessdeedhasalsotakensocialmediabystorm,rebuildingpeople'sfaithineachother,whilealsoinspiringotherstosharetheir

ownstoriesofkindgestureswithintheirowncommunity.Theysayittakesavillagetoraiseachild,andforIsabella,thismeansshenowhasamotherfiguretolookuptoasshegro

ws.“Ifeellikeshe'sprettymuchamomtome,”Isabellasaid“Anditmakesmeexcitedtoseewhatshecandoformethenextday.”Dean'sselflessacthasalsohadaninfluence

onIsabellaatschool,asherteacher,Mrs.Freeze,notedthatIsabellahadherheadalittlehigherthatmorningaftersheaskedforD

ean'shelp.WhilethisgesturewillsurelyprovideIsabellawiththepowersheneedstoremainpositiveforyearstocome,Deancanfindgreatco

mfortinknowingthatherhelphasmadealastinginfluenceonIsabellainparticular.34.WhatwasthetroubleforPhilipwhenbringinguphisdaughter?A.Toarrange

herlonghair.B.Todressherelegant.C.Tocommunicatewithher.D.Tohelpherwithherstudy.35.Whatisimpliedintheunderlinedsent

enceinParagraph5?A.Everyoneshouldcareabouttheirkidgrowth.B.AsmalldeedhasmadeabigdifferencetoIsabella.C.Villagersshouldhelpeachot

herinkids’education.D.Isabellahastobebroughtupbyherfellowvillagers.36.HowdidIsabellafeelafterDeanhelpedherthat

morning?A.UpsetB.AmazedC.AwkwardD.Confident.37.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeaboutthistext?A.IndifferentB.Skepti

calC.SupportiveD.Objective【答案】34.A35.B36.D37.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了,公交司机特蕾西·迪恩无私地帮助了丧母的伊莎贝拉,对伊莎贝拉在学校的表现产生了影响。

【34题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Yet,whileherfather,Philip,hasbeendoingallhecan,hehasfailedtomasteroneskillthatremainsimportantfor11-year-oldssuchasIsabella:

hair.”(然而,尽管她的父亲菲利浦一直在尽他所能,他却未能掌握一项对伊莎贝拉这样的11岁孩子来说仍然很重要的技能:头发。)和第二段中的“Heoriginallyjustgaveherashortcutbecausehedidn

'tknowhowtodoanythingelse.”(他最初只是让她剪短发,因为他不知道怎么做其它事情。),可知菲利浦不会整理女儿的长发,所以只能给女儿剪短发。故选A项。【35题详解】词句猜测题。由第五段中的“T

heysayittakesavillagetoraiseachild,andforIsabella,thismeansshenowhasamotherfiguretolookuptoasshegrows.”(他

们说,养育一个孩子需要一个村庄,而对伊莎贝拉来说,这意味着在她成长的过程中,她现在有了一个值得尊敬的母亲形象。)和最后一段中的“Dean'sselflessacthasalsohadaninfluenceonIsabellaa

tschool,asherteacher,Mrs.Freeze,notedthatIsabellahadherheadalittlehigherthatmorningaftersheaskedforDean'

shelp.”(迪安的无私行为也对伊莎贝拉在学校的表现产生了影响,因为她的老师弗雷泽太太指出,伊莎贝拉那天早上在向迪恩求助后,她的头稍微高了一点。),可知迪安这位母亲通过自己无私的行为(帮孩子编辫子)对伊莎贝拉产生了积极影响,划线句子在此处意为

“一件小事对伊莎贝拉产生了很大的影响”。故选B项。【36题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Dean'sselflessacthasalsohadaninfluenceonIsabellaatschool,asherteacher,Mrs.Freeze,notedthat

IsabellahadherheadalittlehigherthatmorningaftersheaskedforDean'shelp.”(迪安的无私行为也对伊莎贝拉在学校的表现产生了影响,因为她的老师弗雷泽太太指出,

伊莎贝拉那天早上在向迪恩求助后,她的头稍微高了一点。),可知那天早上迪恩帮助伊莎贝拉之后,伊莎贝拉的头稍微高了一点,推断出伊莎贝拉当时很自信。故选D项。【37题详解】推理判断题。由第四段“Dean'sselflessdeedhasalsotakensocialmediabystorm,reb

uildingpeople'sfaithineachother,whilealsoinspiringotherstosharetheirownstoriesofkindgestureswithintheirowncommunity.”(迪安的无私之举也在社交媒体

上掀起了风暴,重建了人们对彼此的信任,同时也激励着其他人在自己的社区里以善意的姿态分享自己的故事。)和最后一段中的“WhilethisgesturewillsurelyprovideIsabellawiththepowersheneedstoremain

positiveforyearstocome,DeancanfindgreatcomfortinknowingthatherhelphasmadealastinginfluenceonIsabellainparticula

r.”(当这一姿态肯定会为伊莎贝拉提供她在未来几年保持积极心态所需的力量时,迪恩知道她的帮助对伊莎贝拉产生了持久的影响,这一点让她感到非常欣慰。),作者认为迪恩的无私之举对其他人和伊莎贝拉都产生了积极影响,可推断出作者对本文持有支

持态度,作者赞成迪恩的无私之举。故选C项。CSwitchingonthelightsatnightissecondnaturetomostpeopleinthedevelopedworld.Butelectricityisn’tagiveninmanyotherpartsoftheglobe.“A

billionpeopleonourplanetstilllackreliableaccesstoelectricity.Forthemoneofthecentralapplicationsofelectricityi

slighting,”saysAaswathRaman,U.C.L.A.materialsscientist.Solarcellscanprovideremoteareaswithelectricityduring

thedaybutrequirebatteriestostorethatenergyforuseatnight.Ramansteamhasdevelopedapotentialsolution:asimplet

hermoelectricdevicethatproducespowerwhenitsexposedtothecoldnightsky.Allobjects,Ramanexplains,radiateheat.“

Soasurfacethat’slookingupatthenightskywill,allbyitself,sendoutmoreheatthantheskysendsbacktoit.Itescape

stotheupperatmosphereandevenouttoouterspace.Andit’ssomethingthatanyonecanobserveatnight.Soifyougoandmeasur

etherooftemperatureonyourhouseintheearlymorninghours,say,youshouldreadatemperaturethatismuchlowerthantheimm

ediatesurroundingairtemperature.”Ramanreasonedthatthistemperaturedifferencecouldbeemployedtoproduceelectricity.Histeambuilttheirdeviceu

singanaluminumdiskthatactsasaradiativecooler.Itscoolsidefacesthenightsky,whileitsothersideiswarmedbytheairaroundit.Asheatescapesupwards,athermoelect

ricgeneratortransformsthetemperaturedifferenceintoelectricitythatpowersasmallLEDlight.Fornow,theenergyoutputofthedeviceisju

statinypartofwhatasolar-cellcanproduce.Ramanseesthedeviceasacomplementtosolar,providinginexpensive,24-hourpowergenerationforremoteareasoftheworld

-withouttheneedforbatteries.Inadditiontolighting,Ramansaysthedevicecouldbeusefulforspecializedapplications,suchaspoweringwirelesssensorsa

ndmonitoringatmosphericconditions.38.WhatmakesRaman’sdevicepossible?A.Theenergystoredinbatteries.B.Thecharacteristicsofaluminumdisk.C.Thelowtempera

tureatnight.D.Objects’heatlosstothenightsky.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"complement"inParagraph6mean?A.Solution.B.Replacement.C.Addi

tion.D.Application.40.Whichofthefollowingwordscandescribethenewdevice?A.Practicalandeconomical.B.Complexbutpowerful.C.Tinyandl

abor-savingD.Convenientbutcostly.41.Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A.Toblamepeopleforwastingelectricity.B.Tointroduceanewinventiontoreaders.C

.Toshowtheconsequencesoflackingelectricity.D.Toseekfinancialsupportforpoorcountries.【答案】38.D39.C40.A41.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Rama

n蒸汽公司开发的一种新装置,可以通过夜间物体散热产生的温差来发电。解释了该设备的原理,以及其经济适用的特点。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Allobjects,Ramanexplains,radiateheat.“Soasurfacet

hat’slookingupatthenightskywill,allbyitself,sendoutmoreheatthantheskysendsbacktoit.”(Raman解释说,所有物体都辐射热量。所以一个仰望夜空的表面,本身就会释放出比天空返回给它的更

多的热量”)以及第五段Ramanreasonedthatthistemperaturedifferencecouldbeemployedtoproduceelectricity.Histeambuilttheirdeviceusinganalu

minumdiskthatactsasaradiativecooler.Itscoolsidefacesthenightsky,whileitsothersideiswarmedbytheairaroundit.Asheatesc

apesupwards,athermoelectricgeneratortransformsthetemperaturedifferenceintoelectricitythatpowersasmallLEDlight.(Raman推断,这种温差可以用来发电。他的团队使用铝盘制作了这

个设备,铝盘充当辐射冷却器。它冷的一面面对着夜空,而它的另一面被周围的空气加热。当热量向上逸出时,热电发电机将温差转化为电能,为一个小型LED灯提供动力)由此可知,物体的热量散失到夜空中,产生的温差可以用来发电,从而让Raman的装置成为可能。故选D。【39题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线词上文Fornow,theenergyoutputofthedeviceisjustatinypartofwhatasolar-cellcanproduce.(目前,该设备输出的能量只是太阳能电池所能产生的能量的一小部分)以及划线词后文tosolar,providinginex

pensive,24-hourpowergenerationforremoteareasoftheworld-withouttheneedforbatteries.由此可知,该设备是太阳能的补充,为世

界偏远地区提供廉价的24小时发电,而不需要电池。故划线词意思为“补充”。A.Solution.解决方案;B.Replacement.替换;C.Addition.补充;D.Application.申请。故选C。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Ramanseesthedevice

asacomplementtosolar,providinginexpensive,24-hourpowergenerationforremoteareasoftheworld-withouttheneedforbatteries.(Raman认为该

设备是太阳能的补充,为世界偏远地区提供廉价的24小时发电,而不需要电池)以及最后一段Inadditiontolighting,Ramansaysthedevicecouldbeusefulforspecialized

applications,suchaspoweringwirelesssensorsandmonitoringatmosphericconditions.(Raman说,除了照明,该设备还可以用于特殊应用,比如为无线传感器供

电和监测大气状况)由此可推知,这个新设备很经济和实用。故选A。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Solarcellscanprovideremoteareaswithelectricityduringth

edaybutrequirebatteriestostorethatenergyforuseatnight.Ramansteamhasdevelopedapotentialsolution:asimplethermoelectricdevicethatproduc

espowerwhenitsexposedtothecoldnightsky.可知太阳能电池可以在白天为偏远地区提供电力,但需要电池储存能量以供夜间使用。Raman蒸汽公司已经开发出一种潜在的解决方案:一种简单的热电装置,当它暴露在寒冷的夜空中时就能产生能量。结合

文章主要介绍了Raman蒸汽公司开发的一种新装置,可以通过夜间物体散热产生的温差来发电。解释了该设备的原理,以及其经济适用的特点。由此可推知,文章的目的是向读者介绍一项新发明。故选B。DOurplanetiscoveredinwater.J

ust2.5percentofthatwater,however,isfresh.Ofthat,onlyaboutonethirdisliquid.Therestislockedupasice.Yetwedependo

nthefreshwateravailableforeverything.Asclimatechanges,though,wateravailablechangestoo.Water,climateandweatherareconnectedi

nthewatercycle.Scientistsusesupercomputerstoexplorethecomplexwaysthatclimatechangeischangingthewatercycle.Theyhavefo

undthatasclimatewarms,theatmosphereholdsmorewater:about4percentmoreforevery1.8degreesCelsius.From2002to2017,asatellitemissio

ncalledGravityRecoveryandClimateExperimentcalledGRCEtrackedEarth'swaterresourcesfromabove.Apairoftwinsatelliteswasa

bleto"weigh"earth'swaterbymeasuringhowmuchtheplanetpullsit.Iftheamountofsurfacewaterorevengroundwaterchanges,sodoesthepu

llofgravityatthatlocation.Thatgravitationalpullisaffectedbychangesinmass(质量).Asthefirstsatellitepassedoveranarea,differencesingravityslightlychangedt

hedistancebetweenthetwosatellites.Scientiststranslatethosedataintowateroricemass.Thentheycomparethemwithhistoricaldatatomeasurechangesi

nplaceswherewaterandicearedistributedovertime.Datafromcomputersandsatellitesagree.Thatis,climatechangeischangingtheavailabilityofwateraround

theworld.InSouthAfricaandmanyregions,droughtsarebecomingmorecommon.Inotherareas,suchasCaliforniaandEurope,changingrainfallpat

ternsleadtoriverflowspeakingearlierintheyear,followedbywatershortages.Meanwhile,theaveragerainfallintheUni

tedStateshasactuallyincreasedby5centimeters(2inches)since1895.42.Howdoesclimatewarmingaffectwaterrecycle?A.Morewa

tergoesintotheatmosphere.B.Moreicemeltsintoliquid.C.Morewaterspreadsonthesurfaceoftheearth.D.It'shardertog

etundergroundwater.43.Whathappensiftheamountofsurfacewaterchanges?A.Undergroundwaterchangestoo.B.Gravitationalpullatthesameplacechanges

too.C.Changesinmassofwaterhappens.D.Theplanetpullsthewaterharder.44.Whatconclusioncanscientistsdrawfromtheirresearch?A.Thewatercycleishardtobreak.B.E

arth'stotalwaterremainsthesame.C.Climatechangecan'tchangethewatercycle.D.Climatechangealtersthedistributionofwaterresources.45.What'sthepassagemain

lyabout?A.Theavailabilityoffreshwaterontheearth.B.Thecausesofclimatewarming.C.Theeffectofclimatewarmingonwatercycle.D.The

useofmoderntechnologytostudyclimatechange.【答案】42.A43.B44.D45.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了气候变暖对水循环的影响,气温每上升1.8摄氏度,大气中的含水量就会增加4%,气候变化

也正在改变世界各地的水资源供应。【42题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Theyhavefoundthatasclimatewarms,theatmosphereholdsmorewater:about4percentm

oreforevery1.8degreesCelsius.”(他们发现,随着气候变暖,大气中的水含量会增加:气温每上升1.8摄氏度,大气中的含水量就会增加4%。)可知随着气温升高,更多的水会进入大气层。故选A项。【43题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“I

ftheamountofsurfacewaterorevengroundwaterchanges,sodoesthepullofgravityatthatlocation.”(如果地表水或地下水的数量发生变化,那么该位置的重力也会发生变化。)可知如果地

表水量发生变化,同一地点的重力也会发生变化。故选B项。【44题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Datafromcomputersandsatellitesagree.Thatis,climatechan

geischangingtheavailabilityofwateraroundtheworld.”(来自计算机和卫星的数据一致。也就是说,气候变化正在改变世界各地的水资源供应。)可知科学家们得出的结论是气候变化改变了水资源的分布。故选D项。【45题详解】主旨大

意题。由第二段中的“Asclimatechanges,though,wateravailablechangestoo.Water,climateandweatherareconnectedinthewatercycle.Scientistsusesupercomputerstoexploreth

ecomplexwaysthatclimatechangeischangingthewatercycle.”(然而,随着气候变化,可利用的水也发生了变化。水、气候和天气在水循环中是相互联系的。科学家使用超级计算机来探索气候变化改变水循环的复杂方式。)和最后一段中的“Dataf

romcomputersandsatellitesagree.Thatis,climatechangeischangingtheavailabilityofwateraroundtheworld.”(来自计算机和卫星的数据一致。也就是说,气候变化正在改变世界各地的水资源供应。)可知

本文主要讲气候变暖对水循环的影响。故选C项。七选五Howmanydecisionsdoyouthinkyoumakeduringtheaverageday?Dozens?Hundreds,perhaps?___46___Therea

reanumberoffactorsthatcontributetopoorchoices.Inordertomakedecisionsquicklyandeconomically,ourbrainsrelyont

heanchoringbias(锚定偏见).Inmanydifferentsituations,peopleuseaninitialstartingpointasananchorthatisthenadjustedtoworkoutafinalvalue.Sowhatcanyoudo

tominimizethepotentialnegativeeffectofanchoringbiasesonyourdecisions?___47___Ifyouarebuyinganewcar,comeupwi

tharangeofreasonablepricesratherthanfocusingontheoverallaveragepriceofaparticularvehicle.___48___Weassignvalueaccordingtohowit

emscomparetootherthings.Whathappenswhenyoumakepoorcomparisons?Forexample,ifItoldyouthatyoucouldsave$25ona$75itembydri

ving15minutesoutofyourwayyouwouldprobablydoit.ButifItoldyouthatyoucouldsaveS25onaS10,000item,wouldyoustillbe

willingtogooutofyourwaytosavethemoney?___49___Peopletendtohaveanatural-bornoptimismthatcanprohibitgooddecision-mak

ing.Wehaveatendencytobelievethatbadthingshappentootherpeople,butnottous.___50___Sincewemightbeoverlyoptimisticaboutourownabilities,wearemorelikelytob

elievethatourdecisionsarethebestones.A.Someofthesechoicesturnouttobegood.B.Comparisonisanothermajortoolweusewhenmakingdecisions.C.Discoverhowthe

comparisonsyoumakeleadtobaddecisions.D.Expertssuggestthatjustbecomingmoreawareofthemcanhelp.E.Sowhatinfluencedoesthisopti

mismbiashaveonthedecisionswemake?F.Reviewingthepast,youmightwonderwhyyoumadethosedecisionsthatseemsopo

ornow.G.Inmostcases,peoplearelesswillingtotravelfurthertosavemoneyonthemoreexpensiveitem.【答案】46.F47.D48.B4

9.G50.E【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了,锚定偏见让我们快速而经济地做出决定。【46题详解】由下一句“有很多因素会导致糟糕的选择。”可知,承接下文,前后两句顺承关系,过去的糟糕选择,当你回顾时,你会质疑你做的决定,F选

项“回顾过去,你可能会想,为什么你做了那些现在看来如此糟糕的决定。”切题。故选F项。【47题详解】由上一句“那么,你能做些什么来尽量减少锚定偏见对你的决定的潜在负面影响呢?”可知,承接上文,D选项“专家们建议,仅仅是更多地了解锚定偏

见就可以有所帮助。”切题;该选项是对上一句问题的回答,专家们建议,更多地了解锚定偏见就可以尽量减少锚定偏见对你的决定的潜在负面影响。故选D项。【48题详解】由下一句“我们根据物品与其他物品的比较来分配价值。”可知,前后两句顺承关系,承接下文,B选项“比较是我们做决定时使

用的另一个主要工具。”切题;在锚定偏见中,比较是我们做决定时使用的另一个主要工具,通过比较,我们可以分配价值。故选B项。【49题详解】由上两句“例如,如果我告诉你,在一个75美元的项目中开车15分钟,你可以节省25美元,你可能会这样做。但是,如果我告诉

你,在一个10万美元的项目,你可以节省25美元你还愿意不遗余力地省钱吗?”可知,承接上文,G选项“在大多数情况下,人们不太愿意到更远的地方去省钱买更贵的东西。”切题;在同等可以节省25美元的条件下,人们愿意做75美元的项目,而不愿意做10万美元的项目,说明人们不愿意跑远

地方省钱买更贵的东西。故选G项。【50题详解】由下一句“因为我们可能对自己的能力过于乐观,所以我们更可能相信我们的决定是最好的。”可知,承接下文,E选项“那么这种乐观偏见对我们的决策有什么影响呢?”切题;前后两句是顺承关系,该选项问“乐观偏见对我们的决策有什么影响?”,

下一句立马回答了乐观偏见对我们决策的积极影响(即相信我们的决定是最好的)。故选E项。完形填空Whentwosistersfoundthemselveshavingdifficultyfindingawaytogettotheir

aunt’s100thbirthdayparty,theywerefortunately___51___byastrangerinaveryunexpectedway.Lastweekend,sistersKerryMaggardandDebEgger

s___52___toflyfromMinneapolistoSiouxFallstogototheparty,buttheirflightwascanceled___53___badweather.Theysoonfoundthatallotherflights

toSouthDakotawere___54___,andtherewerenotaxisavailable,___55___theyhadnowaytomakethe200-milejourneythemselves.Feelingliketheyhad

noother___56___,Kerrymadealast-ditch(孤注一掷的)attempttogettothepartybycallingUber,andtheirridewas___57___byamannamedJesusFlorentino.“Iwasshockedthatsom

eonepickeditup.Itwaskindofalastresort(最后一招)to___58___ifanyonewouldconsiderit,”Kerryrecalled.“Itwaspickedupatonceandofcour

seIgotthe___59___onthephonewhichsaid‘Jesusis7minutesaway,’whichwasquitea___60___.”KerrycalledJesustomake

surethathewas___61___tomakethe400-mileround___62___,andmuchtohersurprise,hesaidhewasgameforit!Jesus___63___togetthesisterstotheiraunt’shous

eintimeforher6pmparty,andhequicklyturnedbackaroundtomakethefour-hourtripbacktoMinneapolis.Kerrysaidafterwardthatshe___6

4___Jesus$50forthe$216trip,whichisa(n)___65___pricetopayforthequalitytimethatshegottospendwithheraunt.Asf

orJesus,hewasjust___66___thatthewomengottobetherefortheiraunt."Ifeltthattheyneededto___67___thebirthdaypartyandIenjoy___6

8___,soitworkedoutwell,”Jesussaid.“It'sa(n)___69___occasion,andifIwasintheirplaceIwould___70___verymu

chsomeonebringingmetherewhentherewasnootherway.”51.A.affectedB.interviewedC.helpedD.followed52.A.plannedB.cont

inuedC.happenedD.refused53.A.duetoB.asforC.accordingtoD.apartfrom54.A.recordedB.offeredC.organizedD.booked55.A.showingB.meaningC.predictingD.rep

orting56.A.informationB.questionsC.reasonD.choices57.A.pickedupB.lookedintoC.putdownD.heldup58.A.imagineB.seeC.recommendD.prove59.A.invitationB.n

umberC.directionD.message60.A.mess.B.challengeC.shockD.struggle61.A.willing.B.afraidC.quickD.careful62.A.raceB.tripC.cornerD.flight63.A.learnedB.

managedC.pretendedD.failed64.A.borrowedB.savedC.gaveD.returned65.A.fairB.fixedC.averageD.full66.A.gratefulB.surprisedC.confiden

tD.happy67.A.rememberB.attendC.expectD.change68.A.walkingB.talkingC.drivingD.staying69.A.informalB.similar

C.rareD.important70.A.missB.considerC.appreciateD.regret【答案】51.C52.A53.A54.D55.B56.D57.A58.B59.D60.C61.A62.B63.B64.C65.A6

6.D67.B68.C69.D70.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两姐妹在很难找到办法去参加她们的姑姑的100岁生日聚会时,她们很幸运地得到了一个优步的陌生人司机的帮助,及时出席了生日聚会。【51题详解】考查动词

词义辨析。句意:当两个姐妹发现自己很难找到办法去参加她们的姑姑的100岁生日聚会时,幸运的是,她们得到了一个陌生人以一种非常意想不到的方式的帮助。A.affected影响;B.interviewed面试,采访;C.hel

ped帮助;D.followed跟随。根据byastrangerinaveryunexpectedway.可知她们得到了一个陌生人以一种非常意想不到的方式的帮助。故选C。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:上周末,KerryMaggard和DebEggers两姐妹计划从明尼阿波

利斯飞往苏福尔斯参加派对,但由于天气恶劣,航班取消了。A.planned计划;B.continued继续;C.happened发生;D.refused拒绝。根据flyfromMinneapolistoSiouxFallstogototheparty可知此处表示原计划。故选A。【

53题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:上周末,KerryMaggard和DebEggers两姐妹计划从明尼阿波利斯飞往苏福尔斯参加派对,但由于天气恶劣,航班取消了。A.dueto由于;B.asfor关于,

至于;C.accordingto根据,取决于;D.apartfrom除…之外。根据badweather可知此处表示由于天气恶劣,航班取消了。故选A。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她们很快发现,所有飞往南达科他州的其他航班都已被预订,而且没有出租车可用,这意味着

她们无法自己完成200英里的行程。A.recorded记录;B.offered提供;C.organized组织;D.booked预订。根据下文theyhadnowaytomakethe200-milejourneythemselves可知此处表示其他航班已被

预订。故选D。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她们很快发现,所有飞往南达科他州的其他航班都已被预订,而且没有出租车可用,这意味着她们无法自己完成200英里的行程。A.showing展示;B.meaning意味;C.pred

icting预测;D.reporting报告。根据theyhadnowaytomakethe200-milejourneythemselves.可知表示意味着她们无法自己完成200英里的行程。故选B。【56题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:Kerry觉得她们没有其他选择,于是打了优

步(Uber),做了最后的努力去参加聚会,一个名叫JesusFlorentino的人接了她们的车。A.information信息;B.questions问题;C.reason原因;D.choices选择。根据Kerrymadealast-ditc

h(孤注一掷的)attempttogettothepartybycallingUber可知此处表示没有其他选择。故选D。【57题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:Kerry觉得她们没有其他选择,于是打了优步(Uber),做了最后的努力去参加聚会,一个名叫Jesus

Florentino的人接了她们的车。A.pickedup捡起,接送;B.lookedinto调查;C.putdown放下,着陆;D.heldup提出,举起,支持。根据下文Iwasshockedthatsomeonepickeditup.可知此处表示一个名叫JesusFl

orentino的人接了她们的车。故选A。【58题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“有人接了,我很震惊。这是最后一招,看看是否有人会考虑接受它。”Kerry回忆道。A.imagine想象;B.see看见;C.recommend推荐;D.prove检验,证明。根据ifanyonewouldc

onsiderit可知此处表示想看是否有人接单。故选B。【59题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:“有人接了,我很震惊。这是最后一招,看看是否有人会考虑接受它。”Kerry回忆道。A.invitation邀请;B.number数字;C.direction方向;D.message消息。根

据onthephonewhichsaid‘Jesusis7minutesaway,’可知此处表示消息。故选D。【60题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“它立刻被接了,当然我在电话上收到了消息,说‘Jesus离这里只有7分钟’,这让我很震惊。”A.mess弄乱;B.chall

enge挑战;C.shock震惊;D.struggle挣扎。根据上文Iwasshockedthatsomeonepickeditup.可知此处表示令人震惊。故选C。【61题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Kerry打电话给Jesus确定

他愿意往返400英里,令她惊讶的是,Jesus说他愿意!A.willing愿意的;B.afraid害怕的;C.quick快捷的;D.careful小心的。根据hesaidhewasgameforit!可知K

erry打电话给Jesus确定他愿意往返400英里。故选A。【62题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:Kerry打电话给Jesus确定他愿意往返400英里,令她惊讶的是,Jesus说他愿意!A.race赛跑;B.trip旅行;C.corner角落;D.

flight航班。根据400-mileround可知此处表示这是400英里的旅行。故选B。【63题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:Jesus成功地将姐妹们及时载到了她们的姑姑家,参加了她下午6点举行的聚会,然后他很快掉头返回了四个小时路程的明尼阿波利斯市。A.learned学会;B.mana

ged管理,成功;C.pretended假装;D.failed失败。根据getthesisterstotheiraunt’shouseintimeforher6pmparty可知成功地将姐妹们及时载到了她们的姑姑家。故选

B。【64题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:Kerry后来说,她为这次216美元的旅行给了Jesus50美元,这是一个合理的价格,因为她可以和她的姑姑度过宝贵的时间。A.borrowed借;B.saved节约,拯救;C.gave给;D.returned返还。根据Jesus$50forthe$21

6trip可知此处表示给钱。故选C。【65题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Kerry后来说,她为这次216美元的旅行给了Jesus50美元,这是一个合理的价格,因为她可以和她的姑姑度过宝贵的时间。A.fair合理的,公平的;B.fixed确定的,固定的;C.average平均的;D.full

完整的,满的。根据topayforthequalitytimethatshegottospendwithheraunt可知此处表示合理的。故选A。【66题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:至于Jesus,他很高兴这些女士能在那里陪伴她们的姑姑。A.gra

teful感激的;B.surprised感到惊讶的;C.confident自信的;D.happy高兴的,乐意的。根据thewomengottobetherefortheiraunt可知此处表示Jesus很高兴。故选D

。【67题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“我觉得她们需要出席生日聚会,我很喜欢开车,所以结果很好,”Jesus说。A.remember记住;B.attend出席,照料;C.expect期望;D.change改变。根据intimeforher6pmparty可

知此处表示出席生日聚会。故选B。【68题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意:“我觉得她们需要出席生日聚会,我很喜欢开车,所以结果很好,”Jesus说。A.walking行走;B.talking谈论;C.driving开车;D

.staying保持。根据上文Kerrymadealast-ditch(孤注一掷的)attempttogettothepartybycallingUber可知Jesus是一个优步司机所以他喜欢开车。故选C。【69题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:“这

是一个很重要的场合,如果我处在他们的位置,在没有其他办法的情况下,我非常感激有人带我去那里。”A.informal非正式的;B.similar相似的;C.rare稀有的;D.important重要的。根据thebirthdayparty可知这是个重要的场合。

故选D。【70题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“这是一个很重要的场合,如果我处在他们的位置,在没有其他办法的情况下,我非常感激有人带我去那里。”A.miss想念,错过;B.consider思考;C.appreciate感激,欣赏;D.reg

ret后悔。根据someonebringingmetherewhentherewasnootherway可知这种情况下会很感激。故选C。语法填空Ourmotherplanet,Earth,ishome___71__

_allcreatures.Sinceitsbeginning,theEarth,___72___(go)throughquitealot,among___73___thechangesofspeciescanbethemostmeaningful

.Notuntiltheappearanceofhumankind___74___theEarthbechangedsoquickly.Withno___75___(many)thanacenturyaftertheindustrialrevolut

ion,we’veturnedourblueplanetintoagreyone,___76___(make)morespeciesvanishrapidly.Humanmaybethefirstspecies___77___(live)aloneontheEarth.___78___(

warn)bymoresevereandfrequentnaturaldisasters,humanbeings___79___(event)reachaconsensusthatwehaveonlyoneEarth.Meanwhile,we’dbettertakeinstant____80_

___(measure)toprotectitbeforeeverythingistoolate.【答案】71.to72.hasgone73.which74.can75.more76.making77.tolive78.Warne

d79.eventually80.measures【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要指出地球母亲是所有生物的家园,但是却遭到了人类的日益破坏。面对日益严重和频繁的自然灾害,人类最终达成了只有一个地球的共识。我们应当立即采取措施来保护它。【71题详解】考查介词。句意:地球母亲是所有生物的家园。表示“

是……的家园”短语为behometo。故填to。【72题详解】考查动词时态。根据上文Sinceitsbeginning可知应用现在完成时,主语为theEarth,故助动词用has。故填hasgone。【73题详解】考查定语从句。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制

性定语从句修饰上文整个句子,作介词among的宾语,指代事情应用关系代词which。故填which。【74题详解】考查情态动词。句意:直到人类出现,地球才会改变得这么快。根据后文be为动词原形,可推知此处应填情态动词

,表示“能够,会”应用can。故填can。【75题详解】考查固定短语。句意:工业革命后仅仅一个世纪,我们已经把我们的蓝色星球变成了灰色,使更多的物种迅速消失。根据句意表示“仅仅”可知短语为nomorethan。故填more。【76题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可

知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且与逻辑主语we构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填making。【77题详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知live在句中应用非谓语动词形式,名词species由序数词thefir

st修饰,后跟不定式作后置定语。故填tolive。【78题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在更加严重和频繁的自然灾害的警告下,人类最终达成了只有一个地球的共识。分析句子结构可知warn在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主

语humanbeings构成被动关系,故应用过去分词。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Warned。【79题详解】考查副词。修饰后文动词reach,应用副词eventually,作状语。故填eventually。【80题详解】考查名词的数。measure为可数名词,前文

没有冠词,故应用复数。故填measures。81.改错OurclasshadameetingonlastSunday,whichthemewasconcerningourfutureplan.Somesaidthat

theywillworkhardtoenterakeyuniversitywhilesomeboystudentsstatedtheywantedtojointhearmy.However,theotherexpre

ssedlivingacomfortablelifewastheirdream.ButLiMingsaidhewouldworkhardtomakeitrealitytobeavillageofficialwhenequipwithmoreknowledge

.Thereason,whichheexplained,wasbecauseborninthecountry,helovedthefarmersdeeply.Havebeenmovedbyhim,ourteacherspokehighofhim.Andwewerere

allyproudforhim.【答案】1.在onlastSunday中去掉on2.whichwhose3.willwould4.otherothers5.在it和reality中加a6.equipequipped7.becausethat8.Ha

veHaving9.highhighly10.forof【解析】【详解】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了上周日班开了一个主题是关于我们未来的计划的会议,同学们纷纷发表了自己的看法,其中李明的计划感动了老师和同学们。1.考查介词

。短语lastSunday“上个星期天”,由last或next修饰的时间中介词on多余。故将onlastSunday中去掉on。2.考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意:上个星期天我们班开了个会,主题是关于我们未来的计划。根据名词theme

可知此处要用“whose+名词”引导的非限制性定语从句,whose做定语。故将which改为whose。3.考查时态。句意:一些人说他们会努力学习进入一所重点大学,而一些男生表示他们想参军。根据主句的谓语动词said可知时态是一般过

去时,因此宾语从句的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。故将will改为would。4.考查代词。此处做主语,根据someboystudents可知此处表示“其他的学生”,theothers=theotherstudents。故将

other改为others。5.考查冠词。短语makeitareality“使它成为现实”,是固定搭配。故在it和reality中加a。6.考查过去分词。句意:但李明说,他会努力工作,当具备更多知识时,成为一名村官。短语beequippedw

ith“配备有,装备有”,根据when从句的主语和主句的主语一致,是LiMing,可知when从句的主语和was可以省略。故将equip改为equipped。7.考查表语从句的引导词。句意:他解释说,这是因为他生在农村,所以他深爱农民。

固定句式Thereasonwasthat…“原因是…”,由that引导表语从句,且that不充当成分。故将because改为that。8.考查现在分词的完成式。句意:我们的老师被他感动了,高度赞扬了他。根据谓语

动词spoke可知此处要用非谓语动词做状语;分析句子可知,move这个动作发生在spokehighlyof之前应用完成式havingdone,且逻辑主语teacher和move之间是被动关系,应用现在分词完成时的被动

语态,即havingbeendone,故将Have改为Having。9.考查副词。短语speakhighlyof“高度赞扬”,用副词修饰动词spoke。故将high改为highly。10.考查介词。短语beproudof“为…而骄傲”

,是固定搭配。故将for改为of。书面表达(25分)82.假定你是学生会主席李华,你校近期将举办一场关于抗疫英雄事迹的讲座。请你以学生会的名义用英语写一则100词左右的书面通知。内容要求如下:1.时间及地点2.活动内容3.注意事项提示词:COVID-19新冠病毒此外,可适当增加细

节。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】NoticeAsweChinesehaveachievedaperio

dicalsuccessoncombatingCOVID-19,ourschoolintendstolaunchalectureconcerningsomeheroicdeedsfromordinary

peoplewhohavefoughtinthefrontline.WhatI’dliketoinformfirstisthatwewillholdthelectureattheschoolhall,fallingontheverynextSunday.Inaddition

,severalrepresentativesfromhospitals,communitiesandthepolicewillsharetheirownstoriesinrespecttotheworkingexperiencesdur

ingthespecialtimes.Eventually,forthesafetyofall,itisarulethateveryoneshouldwearamaskallthetimeaswellassitwithoneseatleftunoccupied.Iamfirm

lyconvincedthatthelecturewillmakeadifferencetoeveryoneStudentCouncil【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求考生用英语写一则书面通知,通知关于学校近期将举办的关于抗疫英雄事迹的讲座。【详解】第一步:审题体裁:应用文时态:

根据提示,时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构:总-分-总法要点:1.时间及地点2.活动内容3.注意事项第二步:列提纲(重点词组)COVID-19;periodical;intendto;launchalecture;he

roicdeeds;ordinarypeople;attheschoolhall;inaddition;representatives;inrespectto;workingexperiences;wearamask;allthetime;aswellas;mak

eadifference第三步:连词成句1.AsweChinesehaveachievedaperiodicalsuccessoncombatingCOVID-19,ourschoolintendstolaunchalectureconcerningsomeher

oicdeedsfromordinarypeoplewhohavefoughtinthefrontline.2.WhatI’dliketoinformfirstisthatwewillholdthelecturea

ttheschoolhall,fallingontheverynextSunday.3.severalrepresentativesfromhospitals,communitiesandthepolicewillsharetheirownstoriesin

respecttotheworkingexperiencesduringthespecialtimes.4.itisarulethateveryoneshouldwearamaskallthetimeaswellassitwithoneseatleftunoccupied.5.Ia

mfirmlyconvincedthatthelecturewillmakeadifferencetoeveryone.根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步:连句成篇(衔接词)1.表文章结构顺序:first;Ev

entually;2.表并列补充关系:and;Inaddition;aswellas;3.表因果关系:As;连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,第五步:润色修改【点睛

】范文内容完整,要点全面,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句,如:AsweChinesehaveachievedaperiodicalsuccessoncombatingCOVID-1

9,ourschoolintendstolaunchalectureconcerningsomeheroicdeedsfromordinarypeoplewhohavefoughtinthefrontline.使用了由as引导的状语从句和由w

ho引导的限制性定语从句;WhatI’dliketoinformfirstisthatwewillholdthelectureattheschoolhall,fallingontheverynextSunday.使用了由what引导

的主语从句和现在分词做状语;itisarulethateveryoneshouldwearamaskallthetimeaswellassitwithoneseatleftunoccupied.使用了由that引导的定语从句;Iamf

irmlyconvincedthatthelecturewillmakeadifferencetoeveryone.使用了由that引导的宾语从句等。另外,文章思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。

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