【文档说明】福建省泰宁第一中学2019-2020学年高二下学期第一次阶段考试英语试题 【精准解析】.doc，共(29)页，189.500 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-d24d1238c2bbb3734091569314e1f720.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

泰宁一中2019-2020学年下学期线下第一次阶段考试高二英语科试卷（考试时间：120分钟满分：150分）选择题部分第一部分听力理解（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（

共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatcanweknowab

outthewoman?A.Shehasjustboughtamobilephone.B.Shefindsitprettyeasytousethemobilephone.C.Sheoftenforgetstoturnonthe

mobilephone.2.WhichofthefollowingisthemostprobablereasonwhyBilllosthisjob?A.Hewasusuallylateforwork.B.Heoftenmademist

akesinhisworkandaskedforleaves.C.Hemadeaseriousmistakeinbusinesswithacompany.3.Whatdoweknowfromtheconve

rsation?A.Themanregrettedinvitinghiswife’sbosstothedinnerparty.B.Thetwospeakersenjoyedthemselvesatthedinner

party.C.Thebossoftheman’swifeleftthepartyearlier.4.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisinterview?A.Hefeelshisinterviewtodaybetterthanlastone.B.Heissatisfiedw

ithhisinterviewtoday.C.Hefeelshisinterviewquitefair.5.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.ThesportsprogrammesonChannel9

.B.HowtoimproveEnglishlistening.C.AnEnglishprogramme.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.What’sthewoman?A.Amodel.B.Anactress.C.Awai

tress.7.Wheredidthewomanworkbeforeshegotthepresentjob?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inanartschool.C.Inafilmstudio.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whatdothespeakersintendtodo

?A.Tomoveintoanewapartment.B.Tobuyanewapartment.C.Tobargainwiththemanager.9.What’sthemostpossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Acouple.B.M

anagerandcustomer.C.Neighbours.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataparty.B.Onthephone.C.Attheairport.11.Wh

atisthemangoingtodo?A.Tohavedinnerwithhiswife.B.Togiveabirthdayparty.C.Tomeethiscousinattheairport.12.Whatdoesthewoma

nwantthemantodo?A.Toattendherbirthdayparty.B.Topickherupattheairport.C.Toinvitepeopletoherparty.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whereareth

etwospeakersnow?A.Atatelephonebox.B.Atthewoman’shouse.C.Atthetouristcompany.14.Whatdoyouthinkthemanis?A.AnEnglishtouristguide.B.Aforei

gnerinChina.C.AChinesetouristinEngland.15.Whycouldthemanaffordthetimetovisitthewoman?A.Hehasdonemostofthes

ight-seeingbefore.B.Hedoesn’tthinkthehistoricalsitesandscenicspotsattractive.C.Heisworkingforatouristcompany.16.Whatdoesthemanwa

nttodomostduringthistrip?A.Toseethewomanandhaveamealwithher.B.Toseefamoussitesandscenicspots.C.Toknowmoreabouttheordinarypeoplean

dthecountry.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Howoldisthespeaker?A.5.B.17.C.22.18.Whyhasthespeakerlongbeenlookeddownu

pon?A.He’shearing-disabled.B.Hecan’tgetonwellwithhisclassmates.C.Somethingiswrongwithhisbrain.19.Whatdoes

thespeakerwanttoprove?A.He’sanon-disabledperson.B.He’sbetteratstudiesandsportsthananyotherstudent.C.He’snotdifferentfromtheaverageteenager.2

0.Whatmakeshimastrongperson?A.Hisphysicallimitationandhiscourage.B.Hishardtraininginstudiesandsports.C.Hisfamilyandschoolbackground.第二

部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEverynewparentknowsthatroc

kingcancalmthatuneasybabywhenit’stimetotakeanap.Butthebenefitsofgentlemovementmaygobeyondthebabystage.Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockingalsohelp

sgrown-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep.Whatshouldbenosurpriseisthatmovementcancalmsomeone.Thinkofhowmanytimesyou

’vefallenasleeponatrain.Butcanmotionreallycauseanap,andmakeforadeepersleep?Tofindout,researchersinvited18healthyvolunteers

forasleepover.“Sotheycametothelabandsleptonetimeonthemotionless,normalbed.Andonenightwheretheygotrocked.”saidAurorePerrault,asleepr

esearcherattheUniversityofGenevainSwitzerland.“Andwhatwefindisthatwhencomparedtoamotionlessnight,awholenightofrockingsleephasabeneficia

leffectnotonlyonsleepbeginningbutalsoonsleepcontinuity.“Subjectswhowererockedalsodidbetteronamemorytestthenextmorningthanthestillersleepers.Inthe

secondstudy,Kompotis,astudentattheUniversityofLausanne,rockedagroupofmice.“Whetherrockingaffectssleepinotherspecieswasneverbeforediscussed

.Sothemainquestionsforourstudywerewhetherrockingaffectssleepinmiceandwhatisthepossiblesystem?”Kompotisplacedthemousecagesonaplatformthatmovedf

romsidetoside.Thoughmicewererockedfourtimesfasterthantheirhumancounterparts—afrequencyofoneback-and-forthpersecond,or1Hertz,workedbest—the

resultswerestrikinglysimilar.“Duringrockingat1Hertz,timespentasleepincreased,andmicefellasleeptwiceasfastasatstillcondition.”Howeve

r,additionalstudiescouldallowtheresearcherstoidentifyanewaimfortreatingsleepdisorders,includinginsomnia(失眠).Ifyouwantagoodnight’ssleep,youmightt

hinkaboutaddingalittleswingtoyournight-timeroutine.1.What’sthepurposeofthesecondstudyinthepassage?A.Todoresearchonthesleepsystemo

fotherspecies.B.Toseewhetherrockingaffectssleepofotherspecies.C.Todiscussinwhichcaserockingaffectsbaby’ssleep.D.Tostudythe

influenceofrockingonsleepdisorders.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthemiceinParagraph5?A.Theirsleepingtimewentupwhenrockedat1Hertz.B.Theirs

leepdisorderincludinginsomniawastreated.C.Whenrocked,theyfellasleepfourtimesfasterthanatstillcondition.D.Whenrocke

d,theysleptfasterthantheirhumancounterparts.3.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.RockingHelpsGrown-upsSleepToo.B.DeepSleepNeeds

theConstantSwing.C.RockingGreatlyAffectsDeepSleep.D.RockingCanTreatSleepDisorders.【答案】1.B2.A3.A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了两项新的

研究表明，摇晃不仅能帮助婴儿入睡，也可以帮助成年人睡眠更好。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Inthesecondstudy,Kompotis…rockedagroupofmice.“Whetherrockingaffectssleepinotherspecieswas

neverbeforediscussed.”可知，第二项研究的目的是为了研究摇晃是否会影响其他物种的睡眠。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Duringrockingat1Hertz,timespentasleepincreased,andmicefellaslee

ptwiceasfastasatstillcondition.”可知，当以1赫兹的速度摇晃时，老鼠的睡眠时间增加了，老鼠睡着的速度是静止状态的两倍。故选A项。【3题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段中“Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockinga

lsohelpsgrown-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep.”因为两项新的研究表明，摇摆也有助于成年人，包括人类和老鼠，获得良好的睡眠。是全文的主题句。因此文章的标题应该是“摇晃也能帮助成年人

睡眠好”。故选A项。【点睛】阅读理解题中标题选择题的解题思路标题选择题是理解文章主旨大题，是深层理解题，它要求整体把握文章，准确的把握文章的主题思想，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息。概括文章标题的方法有：1.注意反复出现或强调的信息在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章

大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇。如本篇文章中，反复出现的核心词汇是rocking，rock，affectsleep，agoodnight’ssleep等。2.寻找文章的主题句了解文章主题的关键是找到全文的

主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段中。。如本篇文章主题句位于首段，是文章第一段最后一句“Becausetwonewstudiesshowthatrockingalsohelpsgr

own-ups,bothhumanandmouse,getagoodnight’ssleep”因为两项新的研究表明，摇摆也有助于成年人，包括人类和老鼠，获得良好的睡眠。下文是介绍研究的具体过程。因此可以确定标题是“摇晃也能有助于成人入睡。”选项B和选项C中提到的“DeepSlee

p”，在文章中没有提及摇晃与深度睡眠的关系；文章中提到“However,additionalstudiescouldallowtheresearcherstoidentifyanewaimfortreatingsleepd

isorders,includinginsomnia(失眠)”可以判断，选项D错误原因是与文章内容不符，而且也不是文章的主题，而是一个细节。BAtayoungage,PattiWilsonwastoldbyherdoctorthatshe

wasanepileptic(癫痫病患者).Herfather,JimWilson,isamorningjogger.Sheranwithherfathereveryday.Afterafewweeks,shetoldherfather,“Daddy,whatI’dre

allylovetodoistobreaktheworld’slong-distancerunningrecordforwomen.”HerfathercheckedtheGuinnessWorldRecordsandfoundthatthefarthesta

nywomanhadrunwas80miles.Asafreshmaninhighschool,Pattiannounced,“I’mgoingtorunfromOrangeCountyuptoSanFrancisco.”(Adistance

of400miles.)“Asasophomore(二年级学生),”shewenton,“I’mgoingtoruntoPortland,Oregon.”(Over1,500-miles.)“Asajunior,I’llrun

toSt.Louis.”(About2,000miles.)“Asasenior,I’llruntotheWhiteHouse.”(Morethan3,000milesaway.)Inviewofherhandicap(缺陷),Pattiwasasambitio

usasshewasenthusiastic,butshesaidshelookedatthehandicapofbeinganepilepticassimply“aninconvenience”.Shefocusednotonwhatshehadlost,butonwhat

shehadleft.ThatyearshecompletedherruntoSanFranciscowearingaT-shirtthatread,“ILoveEpileptics.”Inhersophomoreye

ar,Patti’sclassmatesgotbehindher.Theybuiltalargeposterthatread—“Run,Patti,Run!”Onhersecondmarathon(马拉松),adoctortoldhe

rshehadtostop.“Doctor,youdon’tunderstand,”shesaid.“I’mdoingittobreakthechainsonthebrainsthatlimitsomanyothers.”ShefinishedtheruntoPortland,completing

herlastmilewiththegovernorofOregon.AfterfourmonthsofalmostcontinuousrunningfromtheWestCoasttotheEastCoast,PattiarrivedinWashingt

onandshookthehandofthethenPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Shetoldhim,“Iwantedpeopletoknowthatepilepticsarenormalhumanbeingswithnormallive

s.”BecauseofPatti’sefforts,enoughmoneyhadbeenraisedtoopenup19multi-million-dollarepilepticcentersaroundt

hecountry.IfPattiWilsoncandosomuchwithsolittle,whatcanyoudotooutperform(超越)yourselfinastateoftotalwellness?4.HowdidPattilookatherillness?A.Sh

ethoughtofitasagift.B.Shedevotedallherattentiontoit.C.Shefaceditwithdiscouragement.D.Sheconsidereditasmalldifficulty.5.WhatdidPa

ttidowhenadoctoraskedhertostopherrun?A.Shecontinuedwithoutquitting.B.Shefocusedonhertreatment.C.Shefollowedhisadvice.D.Sheaskedfo

rherclassmates’assistance.6.Whydidtheauthoraskthequestioninthelastparagraph?A.Toaskreaderstoanswerit.B.Togetinactivepeoplet

orun.C.Toencouragedeepthinking.D.Toshowhisviewonsuccess.【答案】4.D5.A6.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了患有癫痫病的PattiWilson，她用她的雄心壮志、热情和坚忍不拔的毅力，克服疾病所带来的种

种痛苦。通过跑步证明癫痫病人是正常的人，做好自己，超越自己。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的Inviewofherhandicap(缺陷),Pattiwasasambitiousasshewasenthusiastic,butshesaidshelookedatthehandicapof

beinganepilepticassimply“aninconvenience”.可知，鉴于她的残疾，Patti雄心勃勃，但她说，她把癫痫病带来的残疾仅仅看作是“一种不便”。由此可知，Patti认为她的病是个小麻烦

，并不是太大的问题。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Doctor,youdon’tunderstand,”shesaid.“I’mdoingittobreakthechainsonthebrainsthatlimitsomanyothe

rs.”可知，“医生，你不明白，”她说。“我这样做是为了打破限制许多人大脑的锁链。”由此推知，当医生要求Patti停止跑步时，她没有放弃，而是继续跑步。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的问题IfPattiWilsoncandosomuchwithsolittle,wh

atcanyoudotooutperform(超越)yourselfinastateoftotalwellness?可知，如果PattiWilson这么小能做这么多事情，那么在完全健康的状态下，你又能做什么来超越自己呢？由此判断出，这是一个值得深思的问题，作者

在最后一段问这个问题是为了鼓励深入思考。故选C。CFollowingtheoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(NCP),alsonamedCOVID-19byWHO,thereisageneralfearoftheunknownv

irusasitsfulleffectsremaintobeseen.Fever,coughing,sorethroat,difficultybreathing—theNCP’ssymptomsaresimilartothecommoncoldortheflu,butit’spotentia

llymoredangerous.Virusescouldbedeadly,likeHIVandEbola.Butwhatareviruses?Howcantheycausesomuchtrouble?Virusesarenon-livingorganisms(有

机体)approximatelyone-millionthofaninchlong.Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvad

ethecellsoflivingorganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.Virusescaninfecteverylivingthing–fromplantsandanimalsdowntothesmallestbacteria.Forthisreaso

n,theyalwayshavethepotentialtobedangeroustohumanlife.Sometimesaviruscancauseadiseasesoseriousthatitisfatal.Otherviral

infectionstriggernonoticeablereaction.Virusesliearoundourenvironmentallofthetime,waitingforahostcelltocomealong.Theycanenterourb

odiesbythenose,mouth,eyesorbreaksintheskin.Onceinside,theytrytofindahostcelltoinfect.Forexample,HIV,whichcausesAID

S,attackstheT-cellsoftheimmunesystem.Butthebasicquestionis,wheredidvirusesfirstcomefrom?Untilnow,noclearexplanati

onfortheiroriginexists.“Tracingtheoriginsofvirusesisdifficult”,EdRybicki,avirologist(病毒学家)attheUniversityofCapeTownin

SouthAfrica,toldScientificAmerican,“becausevirusesdon’tleavefossilsandbecauseofthetrickstheyusetomake

copiesofthemselveswithinthecellsthey’veinvaded”.However,therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)toexplaintheoriginofviruses

.First,virusesstartedasindependentorganisms,thenbecameparasites(寄生者).Second,virusesevolvedfrompiecesofDNA

orRNAthat“escaped”fromlargerorganisms.Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.Forthetimebeing,theseareonl

ytheories.Thetechnologyandevidencewehavetodaycannotbeusedtotestthesetheoriesandidentifythemostplausibleexplanation.Cont

inuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareranswers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheanswerisevenmurkier(含糊不清的)thanitnowappears.7

.Whatcanwelearnaboutvirusesfromthetext?A.Viruseshavenothingtodowiththecommoncold.B.Virusesarereallysmalllivingo

rganisms.C.Virusescan’treproduceunlesstheyfindahostcell.D.Virusesenterourbodiesmainlythroughthemouth,noseandhair.8.Whichofthefoll

owingmightexplaintheoriginofviruses?A.Theyevolvedfromthefossilsoflargeorganisms.B.Theyevolvedfromparasites

intoindependentorganisms.C.TheyevolvedfromtheT-cellsinanimals.D.Theyevolvedalongwiththeirhostcells.9.Theunderlinedword“p

lausible”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.reasonableB.commonC.creativeD.unbelievable10.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.Viruseslivelongerinhu

manhostcellsthaninanimals’.B.Viruseswillbecomemorelikebacteriaastheyevolve.C.Itmaytakealongtimetounderstandtheoriginofviruses.D.Theauthori

soptimisticaboutfuturevirusresearch.【答案】7.C8.D9.A10.C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于COVID-19新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播途径、病毒起源的研究情况。研究表明病毒自身无法传播，是通过宿主细胞来感染

的；目前关于病毒起源的解释有三种主要的假说，但都还处于理论阶段。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unlikehumancellsorbacteria,theycan’treproduceontheirown.Instead,theyinvadethecellsoflivingor

ganismstoreproduce,spreadandtakeover.（与人类细胞或细菌不同，它们不能自己繁殖。相反，它们侵入生物体的细胞来繁殖、传播和接管）”可知，病毒自身不能繁殖，只有找到宿主细胞才能繁殖。故选C项。【8题详解】细节理解题。第七段是关于病毒起源的三种假说。其中

第三种假说是“Third,virusesco-evolvedwiththeirhostcells,whichmeanstheyexistedalongsidethesecells.”可知，研究认为病毒与宿主细胞共同进化，并且与这些细胞共存。故选D项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。第

七段中提到“therearethreemainhypotheses(假说)toexplaintheoriginofviruses.”，以及第八段中“theseareonlytheories”。可知，关于病毒的起源，现在都只是处于理论阶段。现在的技术和数据对于病毒的起源

还无法作出“合理的”解释。因此可以猜测plausible意思为“合理的”。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Continuingstudiesmayprovideuswithcleareran

swers.Orfuturestudiesmayrevealthattheanswerisevenmurkier(含糊不清的)thanitnowappears.（后续的研究可能会给我们提供更清晰的答案。或者未来的研究可能表明，答案甚至比现在看起来

的还要含糊不清的。）”可以推断，要找到病毒的起源还需要很长一段时间。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtoimproveyourstudies—scientifical

lyOurbraincanpossiblymemorize2.5petabytes（千兆）ofinformation.Inordertousesomeofthatsurprisingcapacity（能力）alittlem

oreeffectivelywhenyoulearn,herearesometipsthatarebasedonwidely-acceptedresearchbylearningexperts.___11___Somee

njoywatchingvideosoverreadingbooks,othersstudywithfriends,andsomelikesittinginsilenceamongamillionbooks.Everybo

dyisdifferent.Hardthingsfirst___12___,sodothethingsthataredifficultfirst.Onceyouaredonewiththehardthings,youwillfeelbetter

fortherestoftheday,andprobablymoremotivatedtogetotherthingsdone.Space（分隔开）yourstudies___13___.Factsorvocabularies,forexample,arebestlearnedifyourev

iewthemthefirsttimeonetotwodaysafterthestudy,andthenagainafteroneweek,andafteronemonth.Instantself-testA

fteryourstudy,finishupwithaquickquiz.Immediaterecallintheformofatestorashortsummaryonwhatyou’vejustlearnedcani

ncreaseretention（记忆力）byasmuchas30%.___14___,thatextraeffortcreatesdeepertraces（痕迹）inyourmemory.Don’tforceitMotivationislikehung

er.Youcannotforceyourselftobemotivated,justlikeyoucan’ttellsomeoneelsetobehungry.So,ifyouarenothungryrightnow,don’t

worry.___15___.A.TakefunseriouslyB.FindyourownstyleC.Takeabreak,anddosomethingelseD.Goodmemorycangrowyourbrain’spoten

tialE.Becauseit’smuchharderforyourbraintorememberthantoreadF.Likemostpeopleyouhavethestrongestwillpowerinthemorn

ing.G.torememberthingsforalongertime,repeatthematerialaftertakingseveralbreaks【答案】11.B12.F13.G14.E15.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科学地提升学习能力的五种技巧。【11题详解

】由“Someenjoywatchingvideosoverreadingbooks,othersstudywithfriends,andsomelikesittinginsilenceamongamillionbooks.Everybo

dyisdifferent.”可知，有些人喜欢看视频而不是读书，有些人喜欢和朋友一起学习，还有一些人喜欢静静地坐在百万本书籍中间。每个人都不一样。所以本段主要在说明读者应找到自己的学习方式也就是小题1本段标题说明的内容。故

B选项“找到自己的学习方式”符合句意。故B选项切题。【12题详解】由“sodothethingsthataredifficultfirst”可知，所以先做困难的事情。所以通过so可以判断出小题2与后一句在句意上是承接关系。故

F选项“像大多数人一样，你早上意志力最强”符合句意。故F选项切题。【13题详解】由“Factsorvocabularies,forexample,arebestlearnedifyoureviewthemthefirsttimeonetotwodaysafterthestudy,andthenag

ainafteroneweek,andafteronemonth.”可知，例如，如果你在学习后的一到两天、一周后和一个月后对所学的信息或词汇进行复习，你就会学得最好。所以小题3要总说为了更长时间地记住事

情，休息几次后重复所学内容，然后接下文具体说间隔的时间。故G选项“为了更长时间地记住事情，休息几次后重复所学内容”符合句意。故G选项切题。【14题详解】由“Immediaterecallintheformofatestorashort

summaryonwhatyou’vejustlearnedcanincreaseretention（记忆力）byasmuchas30%.”可知，以测验或以简短总结的形式对刚学过的内容进行即时回忆，可以将记忆提高30%。所以小题4要说明是什么原因导致了以测验或以简短总结的形式对刚学过

的内容进行即时回忆，可以将记忆提高30%。故E选项“因为对你的大脑来说，记忆要比阅读困难得多”符合句意。故E选项切题。【15题详解】由本段小标题“Don’tforceit”以及So,ifyouarenothungryrightnow,

don’tworry”可知,作者在本段中建议学习时不要勉强自己。所以如果没有动力,那就休息一会儿,做点别的事情。故C选项“休息会儿,做点别的事情”符合句意。故C选项切题。【点睛】找出句子之间的连接性的词语是解决7选5题型的重要解题方法，文章的语句间的组合，除了

从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系有承接关系（如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等）平列关系（如fi

rst,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…;first,next,then…;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace…;foronethin

g,foranotherthing…;tobeginwith,toconclude等）。转折关系（如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,in

spiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whateveronthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise

等）。层递关系（如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,too,either,neither,n

ot…but…,notonly…butalso等）。由“sodothethingsthataredifficultfirst”可知，所以先做困难的事情。所以通过so可以判断出小题2与后一句在句意上是承接关

系。故F选项“像大多数人一样，你早上意志力最强”符合句意。故小题2的正确选项为F选项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的

最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Iusedtoliveinthecountry.MyneighborCarlwasaknowledgeable,self-taughtmanandjust___16___himwasablessing.Eachda

y,I'dspendsometimeonhisporch(门廊),just___17___lifewithhim.Ioften___18___alotthroughtalkingwithhim.Oneday,IfoundthathisbrotherTomhadthesamewisdom,t

oo.Thatday,whileIwasshowingthe___19___towardssomeoneIknew,Carl'sbrotherTomdroveup.Tomwasanoldcountryboy.Hesatchewing,___20___andlisteningandth

endeclaredhistruthslowly.___21___Ipausedfrommybad-mouthingforamoment,Tomsaid,"Haveyouever___22___whenyougotyourfingerpointingo

utatsomeone,therearethreefingersontheverysame___23___justpointingbackatyourself?"I___24___andtoldTomthathehadjustsavedmethousan

dsofdollars.HegavemesuchwisdomrightthereandIdidn'tevenhavetogoofftoIndiaand____25____withsomeforeignmaster!Ialsojokedt

hatgoingtoIndiawouldbe____26____becauseIwaspoor.Itwasstillamazingtomehowthatonelittlemoment,that____27____statementchangedmylife.Iimmediatel

ystarted____28____whatIwassayingaboutothers.Yes,itwastruewhateverIsaid,Iwas____29____talkingaboutmyself!Holdingmy

tonguewhileIwaitedforthekinder,gentler,____30____feelingstosurfaceinmymindburntoffsomething____31____andself-doubtIstore

dinsideforyears.Onthatday,IbegantoreallylookatmyselfandbetruthfulabouthowIcreatedmylife,andmyrelationshipswhereIlookedforpayoffs,rewardsand____32__

__.Tenminuteslater,Iwrotethis____33____andafriendofminesentmea(n)____34____appropriatepoem.Itwasappropriateinanunexpectedway.Hereisthepoem:Wat

chyourthoughts;theybecomewords.Watchyourwords;theybecomeactions.Watchyouractions;theybecome____35____.Watchthem;theybecomechar

acters.Watchyourcharacter;itbecomesyourdestiny.16.A.raisingB.knowingC.coachingD.assisting17.A.takingoverB.referringtoC.turningt

oD.talkingabout18.A.requiredB.expressedC.learnedD.showed19.A.interestB.annoyanceC.affectionD.appreciation20.A

.interpretingB.regrettingC.shoutingD.thinking21.A.ThoughB.ThereforeC.WhenD.Unless22.A.imaginedB.noticedC.informedD.explained23.A.h

andB.faceC.footD.head24.A.fearedB.screamedC.escapedD.laughed25.A.liveB.performC.tourD.study26.A.horribleB.simple

C.costlyD.exhausting27.A.ancientB.wiseC.familiarD.original28.A.payingattentiontoB.lookingdownuponC.makinguseofD.lookingf

orwardto29.A.graduallyB.hardlyC.actuallyD.never30.A.boringB.angryC.meaninglessD.harmless31.A.confidentB.painfulC.enthusiast

icD.meaningful32.A.attentionB.actionC.shockD.sorrow33.A.notionB.documentC.reportD.story34.A.roughlyB.probablyC.amazinglyD.slightly35.A.dreamsB.habi

tsC.thoughtsD.words【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.B20.D21.C22.B23.A24.D25.D26.C27.B28.A29.C30.D31.B32.A33.D34.C35.B【

解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的邻居Carl是一个知识渊博的人，作者喜欢和他谈论生活。一天作者和Carl的兄弟Tom进行了短暂交谈之后，Tom充满智慧的话改变了作者的生活。作者开始真正的审视自己，坦诚的面对自己。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的邻居Carl是一个知

识渊博，自学成才的人，认识他是一件幸事。A．raising举起；B．knowing知道，了解；C．coaching训练；D．assisting帮助。，Carl是我的邻居，后文提到我们经常一起在门廊谈论生活，所以我应该是认识他，知道他。故选B项。【17题详解】考查动词短语辨析

。句意：每天我都会花一些时间在他的门廊，只是和他一起谈论生活。A．takingover接管；B．referringto查阅；C．turningto求助于；D．talkingabout谈论。下文句子Ioften__

___alotthroughtalkingwithhim中提到了talkingwithhim（和他交谈），可推断出我们经常一起交谈，所以应是谈论生活。故选D项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我经常通过和他交谈学到很多东西。A．require

d需要；B．expressed表达；C．learned学到，学会；D．showed表明。上文句子Carlwasaknowledgeable,self-taughtman说明他是一个知识渊博的人，所以通过和他交谈，我应该能学到很多东西。故选C项。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：

那天，当我对我认识的人表现出恼怒的时候，Carl的兄弟Tom开车来了。A．interest兴趣；B．annoyance恼怒；C．affection喜爱；D．appreciation欣赏。根据后文Ipausedfrommybad-mou

thingforamoment中的bad-mouthing（坏话）可知，当时我正在说认识人的坏话，故应该是表现出了我的恼怒。故选B项。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他坐在那咀嚼、思考和倾听，然后慢慢说出自己的真实想法。A．interpreting诠

释，说明；B．regretting遗憾；C．shouting叫喊；D．thinking思考。通过上文Tomhadthesamewisdom可知Tom是个有智慧的人，而且下文他说的话给了我启发，所以他一定是边听我说，边思考要如何劝诫我。故选D项。【21题详解】考查从属连词辨析。句意：当我停止说别人坏

话的时候。汤姆说：“你有没有注意到当你用手指指着别人的时候，同一只手上有三根手指正在指向你自己。”A．Though尽管；B．Therefore因此；C．When当……时候；D．Unless除非。根据句意和句子结构，_____Ipausedfrommybad-mo

uthingforamoment是后文Tomsaid,"Haveyou…发生的时间，所以这是一个时间状语从句，应用when引导。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我停止说别人坏话的时候。汤姆

说：“你有没有注意到当你用手指指着别人的时候，同一只手上有三根手指正在指向你自己。”A．imagined想象；B．noticed注意到；C．informed通知；D．explained解释。Tom是希望我能注意到“当你用手指指着别人的时候，同一只手上有三根手指正在指向你自己”这件事，并用这样的

方法来劝诫我。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我停止说别人坏话的时候。汤姆说：“你有没有注意到当你用手指指着别人的时候，同一只手上有三根手指正在指向你自己。”A．hand手；B．face脸；C．foot脚；D．head头。根据上文可知，你用手指着别人，所以除了你指着别人的手

指，其他的手指也应该是在同一只手上。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我笑着告诉Tom他刚刚给我省了几千美元。A．feared害怕；B．screamed尖叫；C．escaped逃跑；D．laughed笑。根据后文句子IalsojokedthatgoingtoInd

iawouldbe______becauseIwaspoor.中的joked可知，我是在以开玩笑的形式感谢Tom对我的劝诫，故我应该是笑着说这些话。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他给了我这样的智慧，我甚至不用去

印度和外国大师学习了。A．live居住；B．perform表演；C．tour旅行；D．study学习。我从他那学到了智慧，所以可以推断出我不用再跟国外的大师学习了。故选D项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还开玩笑说去

印度要花很多钱，因为我很穷。A．horrible讨厌的；B．simple简单的；C．costly昂贵的；D．exhausting令人精疲力尽的。句中提到Iwaspoor。我很穷，所以去印度一定是昂贵的，与我很穷形成对应。故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然对那一刻

感到惊讶，那句明智的话改变了我的生活。A．ancient古老的；B．wise明智的；C．familiar熟悉的；D．original起初的。根据上文Hegavemesuchwisdomrightthere可知，我认为他的话是明智的，充满智

慧的。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我立即开始注意我对别人说的话。A．payingattentionto注意；B．lookingdownupon看不起；C．makinguseof利用；D．lookingforwardto盼望。通过后文句子Yes,itwastruew

hateverIsaid,Iwas_____talkingaboutmyself!可知，不管我在说什，事实上都是在说我自己，再加上前文Tom对我的劝诫，我应该是开始注意我对别人说的话。故选A项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：是的，不管我在说什，

事实上都是在说我自己。A．gradually逐渐地；B．hardly几乎不；C．actually事实上；D．never从不。根据上文提到的“当你用手指指着别人的时候，同一只手上有三根手指正在指向你自己”可知，说别人坏话，事实上也是在说你自己，这

陈述的是一个事实。故选C项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我屏住我的舌头，等待着更亲切，更温和，无害的感觉浮现在我的脑海里，烧掉我藏在里面多年的痛苦和自我怀疑。A．boring无聊的；B．angry生气的；C．meaning

less毫无意义的；D．harmless无害的。通过上下文可知，我不想再抱怨别人或说别人坏话，我想去除脑海中的痛苦和自我怀疑，取而代之的是保存更亲切，更温和的感觉。我想保存的感觉应该是好的感觉，可推断出也应该是无害的感觉。故

选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我屏住我的舌头，等待着更亲切，更温和，无害的感觉浮现在我的脑海里，烧掉我藏在里面多年的痛苦和自我怀疑。A．confident自信的；B．painful痛苦的；C．enthusiastic热情的；D．meaningful有意义

的。本题与上题形成对应，我想在脑海中保存更亲切，更温和，无害的感觉，可推断出一定是想要去除一些不好的，令我痛苦的感觉。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那天，我开始真正地审视自己，真实的面对我是如何创造我的生活和人际关系的，并在其中找到回报、奖励和关注。A

．attention关注，注意；B．action行动；C．shock震惊；D．sorrow悲伤。根据上文内容可知，作着审视自己，想要以新的方式生活，也期待自己做出的改变获得关注。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：十分钟后，我写了这个故事，而且我的朋友给我寄了一首非常合适的诗。A．no

tion观念；B．document文件；C．report报告；D．story故事。根据文章内容可以推断出，我写的是一个故事，一个改变我生活的故事。故选D项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：十分钟后，我写了这个故事，而且我的朋友给我寄了一首非常合适的诗

，我很惊讶。A．roughly粗鲁地；B．probably可能，大概；C．amazingly惊人地；D．slightly稍微。根据空格后句Itwasappropriateinanunexpectedway.可知，这首诗是一种出乎意料恰当的表达方式，故这首

诗给作者的感觉应该是惊人的，非常合适的。故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：注意你的行为，它们会成为习惯。A．dreams梦想；B．habits习惯；C．thoughts想法；D．words单词，说的话。根据句中actions（行为）可知，同一种行为时间长了就会成为习惯。故选B项。

【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是上下文推理法。“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例如，第9小题要求推断作者说

话时的状态，这时我们可以先浏览下文，根据后文句子IalsojokedthatgoingtoIndiawouldbe______becauseIwaspoor.中的joked可知，我是在以开玩笑的形式感谢Tom对我的劝诫，故我应该是笑着说这些话。故选D项。解

题时切勿根据自己的主观感觉进行推断。非选择题部分第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Adviceisawordthatiswelcomedwarmlybyalot

ofpeople.Ithelpsin____36____(achieve)goalsinabetterway.Asweknow,____37____(experience)peopleoffertheiradvicewithapositiveattitudewithoutmaki

nga____38____(judge).Youcanlearnhowtheygiveadvice.Giveadvicetopeoplewhowelcomeit.Infact,yourfocusshouldbe

helpingothersandmaking____39____awarethattheadvicecanbeusefuliftakenintherightspirit.Whenadvice____40____(give),itshouldbeshort.Itisal

soessentialthatwhilegivingadvice,oneshouldbefair.Asgivingadviceis____41____art,youshouldalwaysstatethepositivesidefirstsothattheperso

nis____42____(relax)andwouldinturnwelcomeyouradvice.Giveadviceoncertainmatters.____43____afriendofyourswantstobuyacarandrequestsy

ouradviceonthematter,youraimshouldbetogivehimdetailsaboutthingstobepurchased,butyouneednotgoforsomeparticularbrandsoritems._

___44____(similar),adviceonsomeotherimportantissues,likestayingintherelationshiporfutureplanning,needstobegiven____45____(cautious).【答案】36.

achieving37.experienced38.judgment39.them40.isgiven41.an42.relaxed43.If44.Similarly45.cautiously【解析】【分析】

这是一篇说明文。本文的主要内容是给人建议是一门艺术，本文就如何给出建议提出了几个注意事项。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它有助于以更好的方式实现目标。根据空前in可知，空处填动词-ing形式，故填achieving。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：经验丰富的人提供他们的建议。分析句子结构可

知，空处填形容词修饰后面的名词people，experienced意为“有经验的”，符合句意，故填experienced。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：正如我们所知，经验丰富的人以积极的态度提供建议，

而不做任何判断。根据空前a可知，空处填名词，judgment意为“判断”，故填judgment。【39题详解】考查代词。句意：事实上，你的重点应该是帮助他人，并让他们意识到，如果本着正确的态度采纳这些建议，它们是有用的。分析句子结构可知，空处填代

词，makesb.aware意为“让某人意识到”，再结合句意可知，此处用them指代others，故填them。【40题详解】考查被动语态。句意：当提出建议时，应该简短。分析句子结构可知，空处填谓语，主语是advice和give之间是被动关系，再结合语

境可知，此处用一般现在时，故填isgiven。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：因为提供建议是一门艺术。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再结合语境可知，art是元音开头，且表示泛指，故填an。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：你应该总是先说积极的一面，这样对

方才会放松。分析句子结构可知，空处填形容词，relaxed意为“放松的”，符合句意，故填relaxed。【43题详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：如果你的朋友想买一辆车，并向你征求意见，你的目标应该是告诉他要买的东西的细节。分析句子结构可知，空处填从属连词引导

状语从句，再结合句意可知，空处填if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”故填If。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：在其他一些重要问题上，比如维持关系或未来规划，需要谨慎地给出建议。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰空后的句子，再结合句意可知，sim

ilarly意为“相似地”，故填Similarly。【45题详解】考查副词。句意：在其他一些重要问题上，比如维持关系或未来规划，需要谨慎地给出建议。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰空前begiven，再结合句意可知，cautiously意为“谨慎地”，故填cautiously。【点睛】语篇

填空答题技巧：当缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如第4小题，分析句子结构可知，空处填代词，makesb.aware意为“让某人意识到”，再结合句意可知，此处用them指代others，故填them。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节完成句子

46.维持公司的好名誉是很重要的。It’sofgreatimportance____________________thegoodreputationofthefirm.47.我想起来了,他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。It____________methathemightbeint

erestedintheproblemwehaddiscussed.48.这是一次往返79千米的旅行,涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。It’sa79kmround-tripthat____________all

thefamoustouristspots.49.李华申请了去美国的护照。LiHuahas_____________apassporttotheUSA.50.五年后,他还清了儿子上学的债务。Fiveyearslater,th

edebtsforhisson’sschooling___________________.51.你支持同工同酬吗?Areyou___________________equalpayforequalwork?52.我着手研究蛇的习性,以便能找到最容易捉住它们的方法。I______________

___researchthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.53.听到你通过考试时,我们都很高兴。Wewerealldelightedwhenweheardyouhad_______________theexam.

【答案】46.(1).to(2).keep(3).up47.(1).occurred(2).to48.(1).takes(2).in49.(1).applied(2).for50.(1).were(2).paid(3).off51.(1).in(2).favour(3).of52.(1).

set(2).out(3).to53.(1).got(2).through【解析】【46题详解】考查固定句型和固定短语。根据句意和句子结构，本句涉及句型“beof+抽象名词+todosth.”，意为“做某事是

……的”，故第一个空格填to。空格处对应的是句意中“维持”的意思，keepup意为“维持，保持”，为固定短语，符合句意。故填tokeepup。【47题详解】考查固定句型。根据句意和句子结构，本句涉及句型“Itoccurredtosb.that…”，意为“某人突然

想起……”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that后面的句子。故填occurredto。【48题详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据句意可知，空格处对应的是句意中“涵盖”的意思，“takein”，意为“包含，包括”，符合句意。本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，再看本句是由that引导

的定语从句，句子先行词是trip，为可数名词单数，在从句中作主语，应接take的第三人称单数形式。故填takesin。【49题详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据句意可知，空格处对应的是句意中“申请”的意思，“applyf

or”，意为“申请”，符合句意。根据句意，申请的动作已经完成，故句子应用现在完成时，句式为“主语+have/has+动词的过去分词”，应用apply的过去分词形式applied。故填appliedfor。【50题详解】考查

时态，语态和固定短语。根据句意可知，空格处对应的是句意中“还清（债务）”的意思，“payoff”，意为“还清（债务）”，符合句意。根据Fiveyearslater判定还清债务是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，thedebts（债务）与pay

off（还清）为被动关系，即债务被还清，应用一般过去时的被动语态，句式为“主语+was/were+动词的过去分词”，debts为复数形式,应用were。故填werepaidoff。【51题详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，空格处对应的是句意中“支持”的意思，“infavourof”，意

为“支持”，符合句意。故填infavourof。【52题详解】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，空格处对应的是句意中“着手（研究）”的意思，“setoutto”，意为“着手，开始做某事”，符合句意。故填se

toutto。【53题详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意可知，空格处对应的是句意中“通过”的意思，“getthrough”，意为“通过（考试）”，符合句意。weheardyouhad_______________theexam.中had_______________theexam.（

通过考试）的动作发生在heard（听说）之前，故应用过去完成时，句式为“主语+had+动词的过去分词”。故填gotthrough。第二节应用文写作（满分10分）54.假设你是李华，你喜爱的英语学习报ColorfulEnglish创刊五周年之

际征集读者意见，请你根据以下内容给主编写封信,主要包括：1.说明你是该报的忠实读者2.说明该报优点：1）刊登国际新闻2）提供音频二维码3.提出建议：增加外国文学欣赏注意：1.词数80左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.

参考词汇：周年anniversary二维码QRcodeDearEditor-in-Chief,_____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________YoursLiHua【答案】DearEditor-in-Chief,Congratulationson

the5thanniversaryofColorfulEnglish!I’maregularreaderofyournewspaper.IlikeitsomuchthatIhardlymissanycopy.TherearemanyadvantagesofColorf

ulEnglish.Firstly,itcoversvariousinternationalnewswithselectionofgoodwordsandsentences.Bysimplyturningthepages,Icanbothkno

wimportantthingsthathavehappenedintheworldandincreasemyvocabulary.Besides,itisalsohelpfultogetaudioresourcesthroughscanningQR

codes.EagertoknowmoreaboutEnglishculture,IsuggestthatColorfulEnglishprovideintroductionandappreciationofforeignliteratureworks

.Finally,IhopethatColorfulEnglishwillbecomemoreandmorepopular.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给主编写封信向英语学习报Colo

rfulEnglish提一些意见。【详解】第一步:审题体裁:应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构:总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1

.说明你是该报的忠实读者2.说明该报优点：1）刊登国际新闻2）提供音频二维码3.提出建议：增加外国文学欣赏第二步:列提纲(重点词组)advantagesof；eagerto；lookforwardto第三步:连词成句Congratulationsonth

e5thanniversaryofColorfulEnglish!IlikeitsomuchthatIhardlymissanycopy.TherearemanyadvantagesofColorfulEn

glish.Firstly,itcoversvariousinternationalnewswithselectionofgoodwordsandsentences.Bysimplyturningthepages,Icanboth

knowimportantthingsthathavehappenedintheworldandincreasemyvocabulary.Besides,itisalsohelpfultogetaudioresourcesthroughscanningQRc

odes.EagertoknowmoreaboutEnglishculture,IsuggestthatColorfulEnglishprovideintroductionandappreciationofforeignliteratureworks.Finally,Ihope

thatColorfulEnglishwillbecomemoreandmorepopular.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步:连句成篇(衔接词)1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,F

irstly/First,Secondly/Second，Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,includi

ng,3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(从句),Inspiteof+n/doing,Ontheonehand,Ontheotherhand,while,asfor4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Th

erefore,Asaresult连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步:润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关

系。Bysimplyturningthepages,Icanbothknowimportantthingsthathavehappenedintheworldandincreasemyvocabulary.这句话中bysim

plyturningthepages在句中作方式状语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第三节概要写作（满分20分）55.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。CLEANUPYOURBUTT

SANDBAGSAllsortsofitemsbecomelitter,buttwoofthemostcommonandmostdangerousarecigarettebuttsandplasticbags.Litterisabigproblemf

orourenvironment,butitisaproblemthatindividualscaneasilydosomethingabout.Notlitteringatallorcleaninguplitter,suchasci

garettebuttsandplasticbags,greatlyimprovesthequalityofourenvironment.Althoughcigarettebuttsaresmall,theyarebadfortheenvironment.Over1

,600billioncigarettesaresmokedeachyearinChinaandlargequantitiesofthebuttsarethrownaway.Worldwide,about4.5trillionbuttsarelitteredevery

year.Apartfromthefactthatbuttsspoilthebeautyoftheenvironment,theycontainsomeverytoxicchemicals.Thesefindtheirwayintothewatersup

plywheretheydecreasethequalityofthewaterandendangerplantsandanimalsthatlivethere.Becausetherearesomanybuttsandbecausetheycantakeupto5yearstobr

eakdown,thetoxicchemicalsadduptoalargeamount.So,ifpeoplehavetosmoke,theyshouldnotthrowawaythebuttsbutputthemintherubbishbininstead.Plasticbagsare

anothercommonformoflitterthatisadangertotheenvironment.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.Theyaremadefromoilandgas,whicharenon-renewableresources,ifthey

arenotrecycled,theseresourcesarelosttous.InChina,2billionplasticbagsareusedeveryday.Anenormousnumberoftheseb

ecomelitter.Thisisahugeproblembecausetheylastfrom20to1,000yearsintheenvironment.Theyfloateasilyinairandwaterandtravellongdistances.Theyfindtheirwa

ytorivers,parks,beachesandoceans.Plasticbagskilluptoonemillionseabirds,100,000seamammalsandcountlessfisheachyearworldwide.Whenthea

nimaldiesandbreaksdown,theplasticbagcanbecomefreeagaintokillanotheranimal.Itisuptopeoplenottoletplasticbagsbecomelitter.Itwouldbebet

teriftheyusedfewerandrecycledthem.Cleaningupyourcigarettebuttsandplasticbagswouldimprovetheenvironment.Theearthwouldbeabetterplacebecauseitwouldbeles

spolluted.Andwewouldknowthatweweredoingsomethingtolookafterourplanet.However,Ibelievethebestsolutionwouldben

ottosmokeoruseplasticbagsatall.___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________【答案】Cigarettebuttsandplasticbagsarethemostseriouslitterproblems,butp

eoplecanhelpdealwiththem.Cigarettebutts,whichdestroythebeautifulenvironmentandendangerlifewithpoisonouschemi

cals,shouldbeputintodustbins.Plasticbags,madefromnon-renewableresources,canexistindifferentplacesforalon

gtime,killingcountlessanimals.Sopeoplehadbetterusefewerandrecyclethem.Cleaningupbuttsandbagswillmaketh

eworldbetter.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括烟头和塑料袋对环境的危害，并呼吁清理烟头或者不吸烟，不使用塑料袋。注意篇幅控制在60词左右。【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，掌握文章主旨。本文主要说明了香烟和塑料袋对环境有害并分

别解释了原因，最后呼吁为了改善环境，我们应该清理烟头或者不吸烟，不使用塑料袋。2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，弄清结构，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。3、注意要点之间的衔接，要使用适当的关联词语贯通全文。切忌只写一些简单的互不相干的句子。4、不排斥用原文的某些词句，但

不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话表述，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换或者结构上的转换。