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2023届全国各地名校高三最新英语试题精选速递1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】3.【2023届安徽省江淮十

所名校高三第一次联考】4.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪2022-2023学年高三上学

期第一次质量监测考试】7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高三初考】10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】11.【浙江省2023届A9

协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】12.【浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】14.【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底

联考】15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】专题05：阅读理解说明文/议论文（通用）1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】CResearchers

havedevelopedanewmethodfortrainingpeopletobecreative,onethatshowspromiseofsucceedingfarbetterthancurrentwaysofinspiringcreativity.Thisnew

method,basedonnarrative(叙述的)theory,helpspeoplebecreativeinthewaychildrenandartistsarebymakingupstoriesthatim

aginealternativeworlds,changeperspectiveandgenerateunexpectedactions.“Thenarrativemethodworksbyrecognizingthatwe’reallcreative,”saidAngusFlet

cher,whodevelopedthemethodandisaprofessorofEnglishandamemberoftheOhioStateUniversity’sProjectNarrative.“Weasasocietycom

pletelyundervaluethecreativityofkidsandmanyothersbecauseweareaddictedtotheideathatsomepeoplearemorecreativethanothers.”Thenarrativemethodoftr

ainingforcreativityusesmanyofthetechniquesthatwritersusetocreatestories.Oneistodevelopnewworldsinyourmind.Forexample,employeesatacompanymigh

tbeaskedtoimagineaworldinwhichalltheircustomersarelikethat.Anothertechniqueisperspective-changing.Anemployermightbeaskedtoansweraproblembythinkin

glikeanothermemberoftheirteam.“Creativityisn’taboutguessingthefuturecorrectly.It’saboutmakingyoursel

fopentoimaginingcompletelydifferentpossibilities,”Fletchersaid.“Whenyoudothat,youcanrespondmorequicklyandflexi

blytothechangesthatdooccur.”Fletcherandhisteamarealsocontinuingtoworkwithneworganizations,suchastheWorthingtonLocalS

choolDistrictinOhio.“It’sbettertohireadiversegroupofpeopleandthentrainthemtobecreative.Thatcreatesaculturewhichrecognizesthatthere

arealreadycreativepeopleinyourorganizationyouaren’ttakingadvantageof,”hesaid.“ThisnewmethodoftrainingcreativitycouldonlyhavecomefromOhioStateUniversi

ty’sProjectNarrative,whichisitselfproofofthepowerofcreativity.”8.Whatmaymakethenarrativemethodworkablea

ccordingtoFletcher?A.Creatingalternativestories.B.Changingnewperspective.C.Generatingunexpectedtasks.D.Beingawareofourc

reativity.9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph4?A.Byusingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparison.C.Byansweringquestions.D.Byquotingtec

hniques.10.Whatresultisexpectedoftrainingcreativity?A.Todevelopaculturegradually.B.Toreacttochangesquickly

.C.Tocreatepossibilitiesfreely.D.Topredictthefuturecorrectly.11.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WaysCanBeAdoptedtoInspi

reCreativityB.ThePowerofCreativityHasBeenFoundC.AnyoneCanBeTrainedtoBeCreativeD.AWayIsFoundtoRecognizeCr

eativePeople【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍研究人员开发出的一种新的培养人们创造力的方法——基于叙事理论的方法，来告诉我们人们是可以通过训练来培养创造力的。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““Thenarrativemethod

worksbyrecognizingthatwe’reallcreative,”saidAngusFletcher,…”(AngusFletcher说：“这种叙述方法有效通过认识到我们都是有创造力的起作用。”)可知，只有认识到我们都是有

创造力的，这种叙述方法才有效果。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thenarrativemethodoftrainingforcreativityusesmanyofthetechniquesthatwriters

usetocreatestories.Oneistodevelopnewworldsinyourmind.Forexample,employeesatacompanymightbeaskedtoimagineaworldinwhichalltheircustomersa

relikethat.Anothertechniqueisperspective-changing.Anemployermightbeaskedtoansweraproblembythinkingli

keanothermemberoftheirteam.”(训练创造力的叙事方法使用作家用来创作故事的许多技巧。一个是在你的大脑中建立新世界。例如，公司员工可能被要求想象一个客户那样的世界。另一个技巧是换位思考。

老板可能被要求像团队中另一个成员那样思考来回答问题。)可知，作者向我们举了员工和老板的例子来说明训练创造力的方法。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段““Creativityisn’taboutguessingthefuturecorrectl

y.It’saboutmakingyourselfopentoimaginingcompletelydifferentpossibilities,”Fletchersaid.“Whenyoudothat

,youcanrespondmorequicklyandflexiblytothechangesthatdooccur.””(Fletcher说：“创造力不是正确地猜测未来。是让你自己对想象完全不同的可能性敞开心扉。当你这那做时，你可以对于发生的改变更快速和灵活地回应。”)可知

，让自己敞开心扉去想象完全不同的可能性，可以对实际发生的改变做出更快速和灵活的反应。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchershavedevelopedanewmethodfortrainingpeoplet

obecreative,onethatshowspromiseofsucceedingfarbetterthancurrentwaysofinspiringcreativity.”(研究人员已经开发出一种新的方法来培养人们的创造力，这个新方

法表明其成功的保证远远好于现有的激发创造力的方法。)可知，作者开篇就引出了一种新的培养创造力的方法，并通过下文对于这种方法的介绍来告诉我们创造力是可以培养的，由此可知，C选项“任何人都可以被训练成有创造力的人”最适合做文章标题。故选C。DMigratory(迁徙的)birdsaredec

lininggloballybecauseofthewaythathumanshavechangedthelandscapeoverrecentdecades—accordingtonewresearch

fromtheUniversityofEastAnglia(UEA).Anewstudypublishedtodayrevealsthatpopulationdeclineshavebeengreatestamongspeciesthatmigratetoareaswithm

orehumaninfrastructure—roads,buildings,powerlines,windturbines(涡轮机)—aswellasmorepopulationandhuntinglevels.Dr.J

amesGilroy,fromUEA’sSchoolofEnvironmentalSciences,said,“Weknowthatmigratorybirdsareingreaterdeclinethannon-migratoryspecies,butit’snotclearwh

y.Wewanttofindoutwhereintheirlifecyclesthesemigratoryspeciesaremostexposedtohumanimpacts.”Theresearchte

amidentified16human-inducedthreatstomigratorybirds,includinginfrastructureassociatedwithbirddisturbanceandimpacts,trans

formationoflandfromnaturalhabitattohumanlanduse,andclimatechange.Advancesinsatelliteimageryallowedtheteamtomapeachofthe16threatsacrossEur

ope,AfricaandWesternAsia.Theteamalsocreatedthefirsteverlarge-scalemapofhuntingpressureacrosstheregion.Atotalof103speciesofmigratingb

irdswerestudied,includingmanyrapidlydecliningspeciesliketheturtledoveandthecommoncuckoo,usinglarge-scaledatasets.Theteamcalcu

latedthreatscoresforfactorssuchashabitatlossandclimatechange,acrossbreedinglocations,aswellasnon-breedingranges.Theythenexploredtherela

tionshipsbetweenthesethreatscoresandbirdpopulationtrendscalculatedfrom1985to2018bythePan-EuropeanCommon

BirdMonitoringScheme(PECBMS).Dr.AldinaFranco,alsofromUEA’sSchoolofEnvironmentalSciences,said,“Ourfindingsareimportantbecau

seweneedtounderstandwheredecliningspeciesarebeingmostimpactedbyhumansacrosstheirseasonalmigrations.L

ocatingwherebirdsaremostexposedtothesethreatscouldhelpustargetconservationactions.”12.Whatcausesmigratorybirdstodecrease?A.Alongermigratoryroute.B

.Seriousindustrialpollution.C.Illegalhuntingfromhumans.D.Thechangingoflandscape.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infrastruc

ture”inparagraph2referto?A.Basicsystemsandservices.B.Localtransportation.C.Internetfacilities.D.Powersupplies.14.Whatdoesp

aragraph4talkabout?A.Theresultsofthestudy.B.Thepromiseofthestudy.C.Theprocessofthestudy.D.Thedatabas

eofthestudy.15.WhatisthepurposeofstudyingmigratorybirdsaccordingtoDr.AldinaFranco?A.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingbirds.B.

Toofferadvicetodoconservationworkprecisely.C.Tostressthenecessityofincreasingbirdpopulation.D.Tostatetheimportanceoflivinginharmonywithnature.【答案】12.

D13.A14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迁徙鸟类数量下降的原因与人类活动有关，研究指出了迁徙鸟类受到的种种威胁，目的是提醒人们如何保护迁徙鸟类。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Migratory(迁徙的)birds

aredeclininggloballybecauseofthewaythathumanshavechangedthelandscapeoverrecentdecades(由于近几十年来人类改变了地貌，候鸟数量在全球范围内正在减少)”可知，人类活动使得地貌在过去几十年里发生改变

，导致迁徙鸟类数量减少。故选D。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“roads,buildings,powerlines,windturbines(涡轮机)(道路，建筑物，输电线，风力涡轮机)”

可推知，划线单词infrastructure指一些基础设施及服务，与A项“基本系统和服务”意思一样。故选A。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Theresearchteamidentified16human-inducedthreatstomigratorybirds,includingi

nfrastructureassociatedwithbirddisturbanceandimpacts,transformationoflandfromnaturalhabitattohumanlanduse,andclimatechange.Advances

insatelliteimageryallowedtheteamtomapeachofthe16threatsacrossEurope,AfricaandWesternAsia.Theteamalsocre

atedthefirsteverlarge-scalemapofhuntingpressureacrosstheregion.Atotalof103speciesofmigratingbirdswere

studied,includingmanyrapidlydecliningspeciesliketheturtledoveandthecommoncuckoo,usinglarge-scaledatasets.Theteamca

lculatedthreatscoresforfactorssuchashabitatlossandclimatechange,acrossbreedinglocations,aswellasnon-breedingranges.Theythenex

ploredtherelationshipsbetweenthesethreatscoresandbirdpopulationtrendscalculatedfrom1985to2018bythePan-EuropeanCommonBirdMonitoringScheme(PECBMS).

(研究小组确定了16种人为因素对候鸟造成的威胁，包括与鸟类干扰和影响有关的基础设施、土地从自然栖息地转变为人类土地使用以及气候变化。在卫星地图方面的进步使得研究小组能够绘制出欧洲、非洲和西亚的16种威胁。研究小组还绘制了该地区有史以来第一张大比例尺的狩猎压力地图。利用大规模数据集对103种迁徙鸟

类进行了研究，其中包括许多迅速衰退的物种，如斑鸠和杜鹃。研究小组计算了各种因素的威胁分数，如栖息地丧失和气候变化，不同的繁殖地点，以及非繁殖范围。然后，他们通过泛欧共同鸟类监测计划计算了1985年至2018年间的鸟类数量

趋势，探讨了这些威胁评分与鸟类数量趋势之间的关系)”可推知，第四段谈论的是该项研究的过程。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Locatingwherebirdsaremostexposedtothesethreatscouldhelpustarget

conservationactions.(找到鸟类最容易受到这些威胁的地方可以帮助我们锁定保护行动的目标)”可推知，这项研究可以帮助研究者们精准地采取措施，保护迁徙鸟类。故选B。2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023

学年髙三第一次联考】CBeforeyouworryaboutbaconandhowmuchitmaycostwhennewanimalwelfarelawsgointoeffectnextyear,let’stalkaboutthepigsthatgavetheirlivesforit.Ca

liforniahasbeenontheforefrontofprotectinganimalswholiveshortlivesonfactoryfarmseithertoproducefoodforusortobeslaughte

redandsoldasfood.ThelatestadvancecameinNovember2018,when62.7%ofthestate’svoterssupportedProposition12,thePreventionofCrueltytoFarmAnima

lsAct.Thelawbegangoingintoeffectlastyear,requiringhensandvealcalvestobegivenmorespacetolivein.Startin

gonJan.1st,thelawwillrequirethatalleggssoldinCaliforniacomefromcage-freehensandthatporksoldinthestatecomefrombre

edingpigsthatarenotheldincages.Thesearehumanestepsdesignedtolifttheseanimalsoutofstructuresthatbarelyallowthemto

move.Porkproducershavehadthelongesttimetocomply(遵守).SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,butothershavespentt

helastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice.Theysaythatthelawwillsignificantlyraisethepriceofporkandthat

itviolatestheCommerceClauseoftheConstitution,whichgivesCongresssolepoweroverinterstatebusinessactivity.Sofar,thatfi

ghthasbeenawasteoftimethatporkproducerscouldhavebetterspentfiguringouthowtoretrofit(翻新)theirfarms.Theyalsocomplainthattheregulationsonthelawa

renotset.ButtheCaliforniaDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture,whichhasyettofinalizetheregulations,saysthatthedelayshouldnoth

avepreventedproducersfromretrofittingtheirhousingforbreedingpigs.Theagencyhaspubliclyposteddraftregulations,whichmostl

yconcernrecord-keeping,certificationanddefinitionsofterms.Forfansofbaconandotherpork,anyriseincostisthepr

iceofnothavingapigsufferbeforeit’skilledforfood.It’sapricetheanimalsshouldn’thavetopay.28.WhatdoweknowaboutProposition12?A.Thelawwillco

meintoforcenextyear.B.Morespaceisrequiredforraisinghensandpigs.C.Raisinghensandpigsinlimitedspaceishumane.D.Halfofthestate’svo

terssubscribedtoProposition12.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pledged”inparagraph3mean?A.Suspect.B.Refuse.C.Promise.D.Hesitate.30.Whichofthefollowin

gisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Someporkproducershaveraisedthepriceofpork.B.Alltheporkproducersdon’tcomplywiththelaw.C.Po

rkproducershavewastedalotoftimeretrofittingtheirfarms.D.PorkproducersresisttheCommerceClauseoftheConsti

tution.31.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetothenewanimalwelfarelaws?A.Skeptical.B.ConservativeC.To

lerant.D.Favorable.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。加利福尼亚的新动物福利保护法规定生产商对于商用养殖动物给予更多的人文关怀—提供充足的生存空间。此举激起来各大生产商的激烈反应，除一些支持派外

，其他公司一直在对新法做抗争。【28题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“Thelawbegangoingintoeffectlastyear,requiringhensandvealcalvestobegivenmorespacetolivein.(这项法律去年开始生效，要

求给母鸡和小牛肉更多的居住空间。)”以及“thelawwillrequirethatalleggssoldinCaliforniacomefromcage-freehensandthatporksoldinthestatecomef

rombreedingpigsthatarenotheldincrampedcages.(在美国，这项法律将要求加州所有出售的鸡蛋都来自散养母鸡，而出售的猪肉则来自未被关在笼子里的种猪。)”可知，新动物福利法要

求圈养母鸡和肉用小猪需给予更多的空间，不能让它们活动受限。故选B。【29题详解】词义猜测题。由第三段“butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherth

anfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice.(但有些人在过去几年里一直在与法律抗争，而不是思考如何将其付诸实践。)”可知，其他生产商过去几年都在抗议新动物福利法，but表示转折，说明“Somebig

companieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,”一些大公司是愿意去按新法的规定去做的，所以pledged的意思是承诺。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。由第三段“Porkproducershavehadthelo

ngesttimetocomply.(猪肉生产商遵守规定的时间最长。)”可知，猪肉生产商需要很长的时间去遵守这个新的动物福利，结合“SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,butothershaves

pentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice.(像荷美尔食品这样的一些大公司已经承诺要全面实施这项法律，但其他公司在过去几年里一直在与这项法律作斗争，而不是

研究如何将其付诸实践。)”可知大的生产商承诺去做，其他生产商过去几年都在抗议新法。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“Thesearehumanestepsdesignedtolifttheseanimalso

utofstructuresthatbarelyallowthemtomove.(这些人性化的步骤是为了把这些动物从几乎不允许它们移动的结构中抬出来。)”，第三段“Sofar,thatfighthasbeenawasteoftimethatporkpro

ducerscouldhavebetterspentfiguringouthowtoreconfiguretheirfarms.(到目前为止，这场斗争一直是在浪费时间，猪肉生产商本可以把这些时间花在如何改造他们的农场上。)”以及最后一段“It’sapricetheanim

alsshouldn’thavetopay.(这是动物们不应该付出的代价。)”可知，作者认为新法规定商业养殖动物需给予更多的活动空间是非常人性化的关怀与做法，进而带来的猪肉价格成本上涨也是人类应付出的代价。猪肉生产商对新法的抵制

毫无意义浪费时间。所以作者对新法非常支持。故选D。DTinaBrigham,a50-year-oldstoreownerfromasuburbofWashington,DC,wrestledwiththepuzzleswh

ilewaitingforcustomers.“Ifit’sa30-minutepuzzle,Itrytofigureitoutin12,”shesaid.Afterseveralyears,shef

oundshecouldeasilyputtogetheremployeeworkschedulesinherhead.Alotofstoresuseanelectronicschedulingtool,butIhaveallthedatainmymind

,”shesaid.“Ithinkmybrainseemssharperandmorefocusedbecauseofthegame.”Thegamesdoseemtowork.Inone2020study,GarySmall,

chairofpsychiatryatHackensackUniversityMedicalCenter,foundthat1,091womenandmenwhofrequentlyplayedcards,bingo,ordidcrosswordpuzzleshadsharperthinki

ngandmemoryskills—equivalenttoanIQupto5.6pointshigher—thanthosewhorarelydid.Thestudydoesn’tprovethatthep

uzzlesdirectlyledtothehigherIQs,butitdoesshowthatevenpeoplewhoincreasedtheirgame-playingintheir70sseemedtogetbrainbenefitswithinafewyears.Exactlyhowg

amessharpenmemoryandcognitivefunctionisstillsomethingofamystery.Butadvancesinneuroimaging(神经影像学)allowresearcherstostudyhowthebrainreactstoallsor

tsofoutsidestimulation.Smalllaterincluded60womenandmencompletingLatinsquares.Asthepuzzlesgrewmoredifficultwithf

ewerclues,playerssloweddownandmademoremistakes.That’swhenhediscoveredsomethingsurprising:Moreregionsofthebraingo

tinvolved,especiallyintheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质区)，anareainvolvedwithproblem-solving,judgment,andmemory.Smallsuggeststhatifyoufind

yourselfdebatingwhethertospendthenext20minutestakingawalkorplayingabraingame,youshouldchoosethewalk.Physicalactivitycanhelpdeliveroxy

genandfueltoyourbraincells.“Ifyoudoonethingtohelpyourbrain,I’dsayit’sexercise.”hesays.“Gettinggoodsleepandkeepabalanceddietarealsoimport

ant.Braingamesworkbestaspartofawholepackageofbrain-healthystrategies.Andremember:Alittlefunneverhurts.32.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinpa

ragraph1?A.Bysharingastory.B.Bycomparingfacts.C.Byreportfindings.D.Bypresentingfigures.33.WhatcanweknowfromGarySmall'sstudy?A.Puzzlesdir

ectlyleadstohigherIQs.B.Peopleintheir70sbenefitmorefrombraingames.C.Howgamessharpenmindshasnotbeenclearlyunderstood.D.Physica

lactivitiesplayanequallyimportantroleaisbraingames.34.Whydoestheauthormentiongoodsleepandahealthydietinthelastparagraph?A.Toadvocategoods

leepandabalanceddiet.B.Toadvisewhatweshoulddotokeephealthy.C.Tostresstheimportanceofgoodsleepandaheal

thydiet.D.Toexplainthatbraingamesfunctionbestaspartofbrain-healthystrategies.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Puzzlesmakebrainssharpandfocused.B.Physi

calactivitiesplayanimportantroleinsharpthinking.C.Braingamesarebeneficialtomemoryskillsandcognitivefunction.D.Sharpmemoryandcogn

itivefunctiondependlargelyonbraingames.【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们新发现玩智力游戏在一定程度上可以使人脑更加

敏捷，但其中机制还有待研究。相比于完全依赖智力游戏，专家推荐需要将运动、睡眠、饮食、智力游戏结合起来形成一整套锻炼大脑的策略。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段作者分享了一家商店老板执着于智力游戏的故事，通过老板的自述““Ithinkmybrainseemssharperandmore

focusedbecauseofthegame.”(“我认为因为这个游戏，我的大脑看起来更敏锐、更专注。”)”可知，作者通过分享一个故事引出本文话题。故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Exactlyhowgamessharp

enmemoryandcognitivefunctionisstillsomethingofamystery.(游戏如何提高记忆力和认知功能仍然是个谜。)”可得知，游戏如何提高智力还不清楚。故选C。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gettinggoodsleepandkee

pabalanceddietarealsoimportant.Braingamesworkbestaspartofawholepackageofbrain-healthystrategies.Andremember:Alittlefunneverh

urts.(良好的睡眠和均衡的饮食也很重要。益智游戏作为大脑健康策略的一部分效果最好。记住：一点乐趣总不会有坏处。)”可得知，光玩智力游戏并不是上上策，最好的策略是将运动、睡眠、饮食、智力游戏整合起来。故选D。【35题详解】主旨

大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过故事引入，第二段讲述了智力游戏有助于提升智商，第三段讲述智力游戏大概如何对智商提升有益，根据最后一段“Gettinggoodsleepandkeepabalanceddietarealsoimportant.Brai

ngamesworkbestaspartofawholepackageofbrain-healthystrategies.Andremember:Alittlefunneverhurts.(良好的睡眠和均衡

的饮食也很重要。益智游戏作为大脑健康策略的一部分效果最好。记住:一点乐趣总不会有坏处。)”可得知，最后一段讲相比于完全依赖智力游戏，专家推荐需要将运动、睡眠、饮食、智力游戏结合起来形成一整套锻炼大脑的策略。结合全文，文章主要内

容是智力游戏对于记忆力和认知能力的作用。故选C。3.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】Acontactlens(隐形眼镜)thatcanreleaseadrugifitdetectshighpressurewithintheeyehasbeencreatedbyscientis

tswhosayitcouldhelptreatglaucoma.Glaucomaisaneyediseasethatinvolvesdamagetotheopticnerve,andcanleadtoblindnessifnottreated.Accordingtoth

echarityGlaucomaUK,themostcommonformofthedisease,knownasprimaryopenangleglaucoma,isthoughttoaffectalmost10%ofpeopleolderthan75.Thisformisgenerallyc

ausedbyincreasedpressurewithintheeye,usuallyasaresultofabuildupoffluid.ResearchersinChinarevealedtheyhavedevelopedacontactlensth

atcansenseanincreaseinpressurewithintheeyeandreleaseananti-glaucomadrugifthepressuretranscendsacertainlevel.WritinginthejournalNatureCo

mmunications,theteamdescribehowtheycreatedthedeviceusinganupperandlowerlens,withasnowflake-shapedpressuresensorandwirelesspowertransferdevic

esandwichedbetweenthemaroundtherimofthelenses.Whenthepressureinsidetheeyeincreases,thegapbetweentheupperandlower

lensesdecreases.Thisisdetectedbythepressuresensorbymeansofacantilever.Thesensorthensendsasignaltothewirelesssystemwhichsubsequentlytr

iggersthereleaseofananti-glaucomadrug,fromahydrogelattachedtoanelectrode,andenablesittocrossthecorneaofthee

ye.Thedrug,brimonidine,actstoreducethepressurewithintheeye.Thestudyrevealsthatthecontactlenseshavesofarbeentestedonpigs’eyesandontheeyesoflivingr

abbits—albeitwithsmaller-sizedlenses—althoughtrialshaveyettobecarriedoutinhumans.Theresearchersnotethelensesarenotonlysoftandminimallyinv

asivebutarealsobattery-free,addingthattheapproachcouldbeexpandedtohelptackleothereyediseases.ProfZubairAhmedfro

mtheInstituteofInflammationandAgeingattheUniversityofBirminghamwhowasnotinvolvedinthework,saidtheresear

chwaspotentiallyveryexciting,addingthatariseinpressurewithintheeyewasasignificantproblemformostpeopl

ewithglaucoma.“Thematerialsrequiredtocreatesuchcontactlensesareinexpensiveandsooncouldbemass-produced.”headded.12.Whocanprobablygethelpfrom

thecontactlens?A.Thosewhoareblind.B.Thosewhohaveglaucoma.C.Thosewhoareolderthan75.D.Thosewhoareunderheavypr

essure.13.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword“transcends”inparagraph3?A.Exceeds.B.Maintains.C.Lower

s.D.Balances.14.Howdidtheteamcreatethedevice?A.Bycrossingthecorneaoftheeyeandthensendingasignal.B.Byenlarging

thegapbetweentheupperandlowerlenses.C.Byusingbrimonidinetoincreasethepressurewithintheeye.D.Byemployingpressure

sensorandwirelesspowertransferdevice.15.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecontactlenses?A.Theyaresafebuttoocostly.B.Theyhavebeentestedonhumans.C.Theywillbep

utonthemarketsoon.D.Theyneedtobeusedwithbatterypower.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款由中国科学家研发的新型隐形眼镜，可实时监测眼压辅助治疗青光眼。【12题详解】细节理解题。根

据文章第一段“Acontactlensthatcanreleaseadrugifitdetectshighpressurewithintheeyehasbeencreatedbyscientistswho

sayitcouldhelptreatglaucoma.(科学家发明了一种隐形眼镜，如果它检测到眼睛内高压，就会释放药物。科学家称这种隐形眼镜有助于治疗青光眼。)”可知，科学家认为这种隐性眼镜可辅助治疗青光眼，所以受众群体为青光眼患者，故选B项。,【

13题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“ResearchersinChinarevealedtheyhavedevelopedacontactlensthatcansenseanincreaseinpressurewithintheeyeandreleaseananti-glauco

madrugshouldthepressuretranscendacertainlevel.(中国的研究人员透露，他们已经开发出一种隐形眼镜，可以感知眼睛内的压力增加，如果压力transcend一定水平，就会释放一种抗青光眼药物。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜可以感知眼压的升高，并在压力超过一定水平时

释放抗青光眼药物。“increase”是提示词，可猜测transcend为超过的含义，“exceed”意为“超过”，故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“…usinganupperandlowerlens，withasnowflake-shape

dpressuresensorandwirelesspowertransferdevicesandwichedbetweenthemaroundtherimofthelenses.(该团队在《自然通讯》杂志上发表文章，描述了他们是如何使用上下

透镜创造出这种设备的，在透镜的边缘，有一个雪花形状的压力传感器和无线能量传输装置夹在它们之间。)”可知，研发团队在上下两块镜片之间的边缘夹着雪花状压力传感器和无线电力传输装置，故选D项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“T

hematerialsrequiredtocreatesuchcontactlensesareinexpensiveandsooncouldbemass-produced(制造这种隐形眼镜所需的材料很便宜，很快就可以批量生产。)”可知，这款隐形眼镜很快就能大规模生产投人

市场了，故选C项。4.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】CColorcanaffectmoods,emotionsandevenactions.Thisincludessleepandheal

th.Inancientcultures,colortherapyisevenusedasamethodofhealing.Thecolorbluehasbeenthoughttostimulate(促进)asleepstate.Exposuretobluelightcan

helplowerbodytemperatureandbloodpressure.Adecreaseinbloodpressureandbodytemperatureisthepreparationthatsignalstothebodythatit’s

timetosleep.Therefore,seeingthecolorbluewhenyouarereadytorestmaycausetheresponseandhelpyoufallasleepmoreeasily.Whilethereismuchevi

dencethatblueisthebestchoiceforyourbedroomwalls,it’sreallythetonethatinfluencesyoursleep,notthecoloritself.Deepblueorotherneutral(中性的)toneswillevenma

keasmallbedroomseemmorespacious.Whilesoftcolorsandearthtonesarethemostcalmingandrestfulbedroomcolorsfo

rsleep,brightcolorspreventyourbrainactivity.Thesecolorsstimulatebrainactivityandstopyoufromfallingasleep.Whilemanyparentsp

ainttheirchildren’sroomswithbrightcolors,it’sbettertochoosefun,playfulcolorsingentletonestoencouragethe

irkidstogotosleep.Lightyellow,greenandblueareallamazingchoicestopaintyourchildren’sbedroom.Whatyoushouldremem

beristhatneverpaintyourbedroomwallspurple!Purplestimulatescreativethoughtandcanleadtoextremelyvividnightmares.Otherbadchoic

esforbedroomcolorsincludebrightredsandbrightoranges.Thesecolorsstimulatethebrainandincreaseenergy.Forexample,redcausespassion,increasesenergya

ndmayevenhelpyoumovemorequickly.Itmaybeabetterchoiceforyourhomegymthanforyoursleepspace.Regardlessofthesizeofyourroom

,thereareafewtonesthatwesuggestforcreatingahealthyspacefordeepsleep.Themostimportantfactoristhatyoufeelrelaxed,calmandrestfulintheroom.Y

oushouldalsokeepyourbedroomfreefrommessasmuchaspossibleandkeepitclean.Inyourbedroom,sleepshouldbeyourmainfocus.8.Whatistheeffectthecolorbluehasonpeo

ple?A.Itcancausehighbloodpressure.B.Itcankeepthebrainactive.C.Itcanadjustthesleepstate.D.Itcancoolthebodydown.9.Whichcolorca

nhelpmaketheroomlooklarger?A.Lightgrey.B.Deeppink.C.Deepred.D.Orange.10.What’sParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Waysto

makesureofgoodsleep.B.Badcolorsforthebedroom.C.Colorandbrainactivities.D.Theadviceonhealth.11.Whatpl

aysakeyroleinsleep?A.Theroomisdecoratedwell.B.Theroomisfreefromrubbish.C.Theroommakesyoufeelatease.D.Theroomshowsdifferenttones.【答案】8.D9.

A10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了房间颜色对睡眠的影响，以及如何选择房间的颜色。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Exposuretobluelightcanhelplowerbodytemperatu

reandbloodpressure.(接触蓝色光有助于降低体温和血压)”可知，蓝色可以帮助降低体温和血压。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Deepblueorotherneutraltoneswillevenmakeasmallbedroomseemmores

pacious.(深蓝色或其他中性色调甚至会让小卧室看起来更宽敞)”可知，中性色调能够让房间看起来更加宽敞。再结合选项所给颜色可知，浅灰色属于中性色调，由此推知，这种颜色可以让房间看起来更大。故选A。【

10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Whatyoushouldrememberisthatneverpaintyourbedroomwallspurple!Purplestimulatescreativethoughtandcanleadtoextremelyviv

idnightmares.Otherbadchoicesforbedroomcolorsincludebrightredsandbrightoranges.Thesecolorsstimulatethebrainandincreaseenergy

.Forexample,redcausespassion,increasesenergyandmayevenhelpyoumovemorequickly.Itmaybeabetterchoiceforyourhomegymthanforyoursleepspace.(你应该记住的是永远不要

把卧室的墙壁漆成紫色！紫色能激发创造性思维，并能导致极其生动的噩梦。卧室颜色的其他不好选择包括亮红色和亮橙色。这些颜色刺激大脑，增加能量。例如，红色可以激发激情，增加能量，甚至可以帮助你更快地行动。这可能是一个更好的选择，为您的家庭健身房，而不是为您的睡眠空间)”可知，本段要介绍

了一些不利于睡眠的颜色。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Themostimportantfactoristhatyoufeelrelaxed,calmandrestfulintheroom.(最重要的因素是你在房间里感到放松、平静和宁静)”可

知，一个让人感到轻松自在的房间是保持良好睡眠的最重要的因素。故选C。DThesoundsoftheNorthernLightshavebeenamysterytoscientistsforoverac

entury.Butnowitseemsthataresearcherhasfiguredouthowauroras(极光)reallymakesounds.“Ithasprettymuchbeenconfirmedallovertheworld,”hist

orianFionaAmerysaid.“InCanada,NorwayandRussia,theyareallhearingverymuchthesamesounds.”“Theaurorascanoccurhundredsofkilometersabovetheground,whichstre

ngthensopinionsthattheirsoundsarejustafalseimpression,”saidFiona.Manyscientistsarguedthataurorasweretoofarawayto

hearandthatanysoundwouldtakeseveralminutestoreachtheground,soitwasimpossibleforthemtochangeintimewiththeauroras.However,otherscientistswere

convincedthattheNorthernLightsreallymadenoises.Inthe1920s,CanadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsugges

tedamechanismbywhichtheycouldoccur:Themotionoftheauroracausedchangesintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoun

dsclosetotheground.Almost100yearslater,Clarence’ssuggestionseemsclosetowhatcouldbethetruereasonforthesounds.In2012,anexpertnamedUn

toLaineshowedarecordingofauroralsoundsafteryearsofmonitoringauroras.In2016,heannouncedthemechanismthatmakesthesounds:aninversionl

ayer(逆温层)ofcoldairintheatmospherethatcanformbelowanauroraandashortdistanceabovethegroundincalmweather.Untoarguesthatvisiblechangesintheauror

acausechangesintheinversionlayer,causingaccumulatedelectricitytodischargeassparks(火花)thatcreatesoundsthatcanbeheard.Tha

texplainshowthesoundscorrespondwiththeaurora’svisiblemovements—theybegintohappenintheinversionlayeronlyabout75metersabovetheobser

ver.12.WhatarethewordsFionasaidinParagraph2mainlyabout?A.TheexistenceofthesoundsoftheNorthernLights.B.TheneedtomakefulluseoftheNorther

nLights.C.TheproblemscausedbytheNorthernLights.D.ThecauseoftheNorthernLights.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutClarence’ssuggestion

inthe1920s?A.Itmatchedalotofoldideas.B.Itwaswellrecognizedthen.C.Itmightbeofgreatvalue.D.Itwasatotalfailure.14

.Howdoestheauthorconveyhisideainthetext?A.Bylistingresearchnumbers.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byprovidingexplanations.D.Bygivingexamples.15

.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.CanWeEnjoytheNorthernLights?B.DotheNorthernLightsMakeSounds?C.WhyShouldWeStudytheNorthernLights?D.HowDot

heNorthernLightsComeintoBeing?【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。北极光是否会发声对科学家来说一直是个谜，但现在有研究证实了北极光是能够发

声的。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“‘Ithasprettymuchbeenconfirmedallovertheworld,’historianFionaAmerysaid.‘InCanada,NorwayandRussia,they

areallhearingverymuchthesamesounds.’”（历史学家菲奥娜·阿梅里说：“这几乎在全世界都得到了证实。”“在加拿大、挪威和俄罗斯，他们都听到了非常相同的声音。”）可推知，第二段Fion

a所说的话主要表明北极光声音是存在的。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Inthe1920s,CanadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsuggestedamechanismbywhichtheycouldoccur:The

motionoftheauroracausedchangesintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoundsclosetotheground

.Almost100yearslater,Clarence’ssuggestionseemsclosetowhatcouldbethetruereasonforthesounds.”（20世纪20年代，加拿大天文学家克拉伦斯·钱特首次提出了一种可能发生极光的机制：极光的运动引起了大气带

电的变化，在接近地面的地方产生了噼里啪啦的声音。近100年后，克拉伦斯的推测似乎接近了这些声音产生的真正原因。）可知，人们发现克拉伦斯·钱特在20世纪20年代提出的推测似乎接近极光声音产生的真正原因，所以它现在仍然可能有很大的价值。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判

断题。根据文章第二段FionaAmery所说、文章第四段“Inthe1920s,CanadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsuggestedamechanismbywhichtheycoul

doccur:Themotionoftheauroracausedchangesintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoundscl

osetotheground.”（20世纪20年代，加拿大天文学家克拉伦斯·钱特首次提出了一种可能发生极光的机制：极光的运动引起了大气带电的变化，在接近地面的地方产生了噼里啪啦的声音。）和文章倒数第二段“In2012,anexpertnamedU

ntoLaineshowedarecordingofauroralsoundsafteryearsofmonitoringauroras.”（2012年，一位名叫托恩·莱恩的专家在对极光进行了多年的监测后，展示了一段极光声音的录音。）可知，文章

列举了FionaAmery、ClarenceChant和UntoLaine对北极光发声原理的研究，所以作者是通过举例的方法来表达他的想法。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“ThesoundsoftheNorthernLightshaveb

eenamysterytoscientistsforoveracentury.Butnowitseemsthataresearcherhasfiguredouthowauroras(极光)reallymak

esounds.”（一个多世纪以来，北极光的声音对科学家来说一直是个谜。但现在，一位研究人员似乎已经弄清楚了极光(极光)是如何发出声音的。）可知，文章主要是围绕对“北极光的声音”这一谜团的研究展开。故B选项“DotheNorthernLightsMakeSounds?(北极光会发出声

音吗?)”是最佳标题。故选B项。5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】CTherearemanysourcesofdebateonalongToadtrip,includingrouteselec

tion,thechoiceofsnacks,and,probablymostimportantly,whattoPlayontheradio.Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudiowithoutthe

needforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecades,andscientistsmayhavefinallymanagedit.AteamfromtheUniversityofLeMansinFr

ancecarefullypositionedmicrophones,speakersandfilters（过滤器）tocreatepersonalisedsoundzones(PSZs)insideacar,andthesmallregio

nsarewheresoundfromasetofspeakerscanbeheardclearly.Outsidethese,itcannotbeheard.Onebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeenunabletoovercomewastheimpa

ctofmovingone’sseat.TheywereabletoformaPSZ,butunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards.The

Frenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotacklethisissue,whichhandlesthesoundwavestocreate“bright”and“dark”z

onesinthecar.“Loudspeakersareplacedintheheadrests,andspecificfiltersforeachtransducer(换能器)arecalculatedtoreproduceasoundsignalthatmaintainsgoodqu

alityinthezoneunderconsiderationandisstronglyweakenedinotherzones.”saidDrLucasVindrola,theauthorofthestudy.“Thekeytothetechniquewo

rkingproperlyishavingsufficientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresitting.Thepricetopayi

stohavecontrolmicrophonesinthepassengersection,sothatthealgorithmcanwork.”However,thetechniqueisnotyetr

eadytobecommerciallyrolledoutasaluxuriousoptionalextrajustyet,asitcurrentlyworksonlyforalimitedrangeoffrequencies.

28.Whatwasonceachallengeforscientists?A.PSZscouldhardlybeformed.B.Thesoundofmovingaseatisloud,C.Theycouldn’tc

reatemovablePSZs.D.Theseatscouldn’tbemovedbackandforth.29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howtheimpactofmovin

gone’sseatwasaddressed.B.Whyenoughmicrophonesareplacedaroundthecar.C.Whenthealgorithmcanworkwellforall

passengers.D.Where“bright”and“dark”zonesarecreatedinthecar.30.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewtechnique?A.Itcurrentlyworkswi

thoutlimitation.B.Ithasbeenputintousecommercially.C.Itcanfunctionwellwithenoughmicrophones.D.Itiscostlytodetectthepositionofmicrophones.3

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tolaunchanewdebate.B.Totackleanoldproblem.C.Toadvertiseanalgorithm.D.Tointroduceanewtechnology.【答案】28.C29.A30.D3

1.C【解析】大意：本文是科技说明文，文章是关于如何运用新技术让在车上的每个人都可以在不带耳机的情况下，听到自己喜欢听的音乐。28.C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的butunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorb

ackwards可知PSZs没有办法随着座位移动而移动，因此选C。29.A。段落大意题。根据第四段第一句的中心句TheFrenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotacklethisissue可知，

本段是要解决PSZs没有办法跟着移动的问题，采用新的算法以及放置足够多的麦克风来控制，因此选A。30.D。推理判断题。根据第四段的Thekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingenoughmicrophonesplacedaroundthec

ar可知，算法的成功与否的关键取决于是否有足够多的麦克风放置在车中，故选D。31.C。主旨概括题。根据文章开头的Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudio…andscientistsmayhav

efinallymanagedit可知，本文主要介绍科学家们运用新的技术让每个人都听到自己喜欢听的音乐，接下来第二段到第四段分别对怎么用新技术，碰到了哪些挑战以及怎么战胜挑战进行了描述，最后指出这项发明的局限性，故选C。DSeveraldays

agoSpanishfashionbrandZarasparkedafeedebateafterreleasingitslatestcampaignfeaturingaChinesemodelwithfreckles（雀斑）.Actually,therearesomed

ifferentbeautystandardsbetweentheEastandtheWest.InEastAsia,frecklesmightbeconsidereda“destructiveweakness”fo

rcelebrities,especiallyactorsorsingers.Althoughnormalpeopledon’tcarethatmuch,subconsciouslytheymightprefera“clean”face.Generallyspeaking,freckl

esaremorelikelytoappearifpeopleareoutinthesunfrequently,andmostEastAsianwomenavoidthesunasbesttheycan.Havingfreck

les,instead,isatrademarkforunconventionalbeautyintheWesternworld,andsomecallfreckles“angelkisses”.Formos

twesterners,havingfrecklesisnolongerjustsomethingyouhavetolivewith;instead,itissomethingtobedesired.Afterall,noteveryoneisl

uckyenoughtohavefreckles.Whenitcomestoeyeshapes,itseemsWesternandChinesebeautystandardsdon’tseeeye-to-eye.ManyChinesethinkgirlswithbigeye

sarethemostbeautiful.Iftheireyeshaveadoublefoldeyelid,thatisconsideredperfect.However,mostforeignersseemtopreferChinesegirlswithslan

ted（斜的）andnarroweyesandeyebrows.ChineseknownmodelLyvYanisoftenconsideredthecountry’smostbeautifulbyforeigners,whilequiteafewChinesepe

oplethinkherappearancedoesn’tfitwithtraditionalbeautystandards.Young,girlyfeatureorhotandmaturefeature?Z

haoLiyingfromChina,AragakiYuifromJapanandLimYoon-AfromSouthKoreaenjoyhighpopularityinAsia,astheyboastbrightfac

eswithwarmsmiles,whichwinthemlotsofmalefans.ThethreeyoungcelebritiesrepresentAsia’sbeautystandards:womenwithcute,girlyfeatures.MostwomeninAsiat

rytheirbesttostayyoungaccordingly.UnlikeChinesegirls,Westerngirlsthinkamorematurelookshowsindependenceanduniqueness.ThesuperheroWonderWomanisanidea

ltypeformost.AstiescontinuetogrowbetweenChinaandtheWest,itisunavoidablethatthesebeautystandardsdevelop.Butonething’sforsure—nomatter

howyoulook,youarewhoyouare,andthatshouldbesatisfactionenough.32.Whatdomostwesternpeoplethinkofhavingfreckles?A.Itissomethingunbearab

le.B.Itisadestructiveweakness.A.Itissomethingtowishfor.D.Itisasymboloftraditionalbeauty.33.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“seeeye-to-eye”meaninParagraph4?

A.Havethesameopinion.B.Recognizetheirstrengths.C.Misunderstandeachother.D.Argueagainstoneanother.34.Whydowesterngirlspr

efertoappearmature?A.Theythinkthisbeautystandardisbetter.B.Theywanttolookindependentandunique.C.Theyhopetohavehigh

popularityinAsia.D.TheyadmireWonderWomanverymuch.35.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.WhatZara’sbeautystandardis.B.WhyChinesepeopledon’tlikefre

ckles.C.Whatcausesthedifferentbeautystandards.D.Howeasternersandwesternersthinkofbeauty.【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】

大意：本文主要介绍了东西方在雀斑、眼型、清纯还是火辣等方面的审美观的不同。32.C细节理解题。依据第三段“Formostwesterners,havingfrecklesisnolongerjustsomethingyouhavetolivewith

;instead,itissomethingtobedesired.”，可知大多数西方人认为有雀斑并不是一件要忍受的事，而是一件非常盼望的事，故选C项。33.A词义猜测题。依据第四段可知，有关眼睛的形状问题，很多

中国人认为大且有双眼皮的眼睛是完美的，而西方人则认为吊斜的眯眯眼才好看，可推知该词组意思是“看法相同”，故选A项。34.B细节理解题。依据最后一段第一句“UnlikeChinesegirls,Westerngirlsthi

nkamorematurelookshowsindependenceanduniqueness.”可知，西方女孩想要以更成熟的外表来显得独立与独特。35.D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了东西方在雀斑、眼型、清纯还是火辣等方面的审美观的不同。故选D。6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪

2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次质量监测考试】CAnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea’sexcept

ionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeo

vertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.ThefindingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundins

mallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmaz

onRiverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome(生物群落)containingabout18percento

falltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.Researchershavelongwon

deredandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon’srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRu

sselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy’

sleadauthorLukasMusher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeo

verrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”Toinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossth

elandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmaz

onianbirds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomes

forbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey’veh

adtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A.Stimul

ate.B.Renew.C.Pursue.D.Interrupt.9.Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?A.WhattheAmazon’sbiodiversityindicates.B.HowtheAma

zon’sbiodiversitywasformed.C.WhethertheAmazonhastherichestbiodiversity.D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinctio

n.10.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher’swords?A.TherearesixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C.Mostspeciesdifferacrossopp

ositeAmazonriverbanks.D.RivermovementmayleadtotheAmazon’sbiodiversity.11.Whathasinfluencedthechangeofbir

dspeciesintheAmazon?A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.C.Thespeedofrivermovement.D.Theamountof

thegenomes.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了亚马逊河流流动对该地区生物多样性的贡献。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线处上文“Anewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovemen

tsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea’sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.(一项针对鸟类的新研究调查了亚马逊河的流动是如何促成该地区非凡的生物多样性的。)”和划线单词所在句子“Th

eresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurthee

volutionofnewspecies.(由美国自然历史博物馆领导的研究小组发现，随着时间的推移，小型河流系统会发生变化，从而spur新物种的进化。)”可知，亚马逊河的流动促成该地区非凡的生物多样性，这说明小型河流系统会发生变化，从而刺激新物种的进化，由此

可知，spur可以解释称导致、引起，再往深一点是刺激了物种的进化。A.Stimulate刺激；B.Renew翻新、更新；A.Pursue追求；D.Interrupt打断。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Researchershavelongwonderedandhotly

debatedhowtheAmazon’srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.(长期以来，研究人员一直想知道并激烈争论亚马逊丰富的生物多样性是如何产生和积累的。)”可知，调查者们正在争论的是亚马

逊河流丰富的生物多样性是如何形成并累积的，故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofpri

matesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy’sleadauthorLukasMusher."Moreover,accumulatinggeo

logicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelative

lyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”(该研究的主要作者卢卡斯·穆舍说：“阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士等早期进化生物学家注意到，亚马逊河

两岸的许多灵长类动物和鸟类物种不同。”“此外，越来越多的地质证据表明，这些河流是高度动态的，在相对较短的时间内，在数千年或数万年的时间内，在南美洲的景观中流动。”)”LukasMusher将这两件事关联起来，他认为是亚马逊河的流动导致了河两岸丰富的生物多样性，故选D。【11题详

解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey’

vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.(当河流快速重新排列时，两边的鸟类种群在它们有时间变化之前就会结合在一起；当河流变化缓慢时，物种有更长的时间

互相分化。)”可知高速的河流会导致物种组合，低速的河流会导致物种的差距越来越大。所以，影响鸟类种类改变的因素是河流的流速，故选C。DChina’sfirstgroupofe-sportsmajorgraduateswillemergeinthesummerof2021,withdatashowi

ngthateventhoughthismajorhasbeenunderestimatedbythepublic,thefutureappearspromisingastherearehundredsofthousandsofrelatedjo

bsavailable.AftertheMinistryofEducationdecidedthat“electronicsportsandmanagement”shouldbelistedincolleges’majord

epartmentsinSeptember2016,around30Chineseuniversitieskickedofftheire-sportsmajorcoursesinthesameyear,tomeetthenee

dsoftheriseofe-sportsrelatedindustriesintheChinesemarket.“Themajorisdesignedtomeetthedemand,”saidZhengDuo,co-founderofTi

anjinHeroSportsManagementandavisitingprofessorfromtheCommunicationUniversityofChina(CUC).Chinesepassionfore-sportsisnotindoubt,with

morethan18,000e-sportscompaniesregisteredasof2021,accordingtocorporatedatabaseQichacha.Thenumberofe-sportsus

ersinChinareached500millionin2021,andthemarkethadavalueofmorethan145billionyuanasof2020,accordingtoChin

eseconsultinggroupiResearch.Meanwhile,theindustrychainisbecomingmorecomplete.Jobsinareassuchassupervisionandcontentproductionrequire

talentandtraining.Thenumberofavailablejobsisestimatedat500,000,andcouldreach3.5millioninthenextfiveyears,accordingtoChina’sMinistryof

HumanResourcesandSocialSecurity.Well-knownuniversitiessuchasCUCandtheShanghaiTheatreAcademyhaverespondedtothecountry’scallandarepreparinggradu

atesforthee-sportsmarket.Yetnoteverymajorgraduateisqualifiedforthepositionsavailable,asthejobsnormallyr

equirepracticalexperience,whichissomethingalotofgraduateslack.Industryinsidershaveindicatedthate-sportsisanindustrywithrapiditerat

ion(迭代),andsomecompaniesprefertohirepeoplewithexperienceinsteadofspendingtimetrainingrecruits.Roughlyha

lfofthegraduateswillenterthegamingindustry,saidXiaoPi,ane-sportsmajorgraduatefromCUC.“Someoftherestwillpursuefurtherstudiesfortheir

master’sdegree.”“Eventhoughe-sportsmajorshaveadvantagesinfindingjobs,studentsneedpracticalexperiencetobettersuitthedifferentposition

s,”saidGuLiming,presidentofPerfectWorldGames.12.Whatdothepublicthinkofe-sportsmajorsaccordingtothetext?A.Theydon’texistinjobmarkets.

B.Theydeserveapromisingfuture.C.Theydon’thaveawideappeal.D.Theyreplacemanyothermajors.13.Whydiduniversitiesstarttooffere-sportsmajorcours

esin2016?A.Theyhadgreatpassionforelectronicsports.B.Theywantedtorespondtothepublic’scall.C.Theyhadthepotentialfore-sportscourses.D.Theywantedtom

eetthesocialdemands.14.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.E-sportshavealargedatabase.B.E-sportsseealarger-scalemarket.C.E-sportsg

etadvicefromiResearch.D.E-sportsarisefromacompletechain.15.Whatdoe-sportsgraduatesreallyneedtobebetterqu

alifiedforthepositions?A.Thefiercecompetition.B.Familiaritywithmarkets.C.Practicalexperience.D.Amaster’sdegree.【

答案】12.C13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了电子竞技专业的现状和前景，以及对该专业的应届毕业生的要求。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“China’sfirstgroupofe-sportsmajorgr

aduateswillemergeinthesummerof2021,withdatashowingthateventhoughthismajorhasbeenunderestimatedbythepublic

,thefutureappearspromisingastherearehundredsofthousandsofrelatedjobsavailable.（中国第一批电子竞技专业的毕业生将于2021夏天出现，数据显示，尽管这个专业被公众低估了，

但未来似乎很有希望，因为有几十万个相关工作岗位）”，可知，电子竞技这个专业被人们低估了，即：没有广泛的吸引力，故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AftertheMinistryofEducationdecidedthat“electronic

sportsandmanagement”shouldbelistedincolleges’majordepartmentsinSeptember2016,around30Chineseuniversitieskicke

dofftheire-sportsmajorcoursesinthesameyear,tomeettheneedsoftheriseofe-sportsrelatedindustriesintheChinesemarket.（在201

6年9月，教育部长认为应该将‘电子竞技与管理’列入大学专业中，为了满足中国市场电子竞技相关产业崛起的需求，同年有大约30个中国的大学开设了电子竞技这一专业。）”，可知，开设这个专业是为了满足中国市场电子竞技相关产业崛起的需求，故选D。【14题详解】推理

判断题。根据文章第四段“Thenumberofe-sportsusersinChinareached500millionin2021,andthemarkethadavalueofmorethan145billionyuanasof2020,（

在2021年，中国电子竞技用户达到了5亿人，截止2020年，电子竞技市场达到了价值1450亿，）”可推知，在中国，注册了很多电子竞技公司，用户也上达亿，其市场价值也达到了1450亿，也就是说，电子竞技的未来前景很好，故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Eventhough

e-sportsmajorshaveadvantagesinfindingjobs,studentsneedpracticalexperiencetobettersuitthedifferentpositions,”sai

dGuLiming,presidentofPerfectWorldGames.（尽管电子竞技专业在找工作方面有优势，但是学生也需要实践经验去更好地适应不同的职位。）”可知，学生需要拥有实践经验去更好的适应不同的岗位

，故选C。7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】TouristsvisitingtheCanaryIslandscanoftenhearlocalscommunicatingoverlongdistancesbywhistling—notatune,

buttheSpanishlanguage.ThelocalsarecommunicatinginSilbo,amuchmorewidespreaduseofwhistledlanguages.Inatleast80cultu

resworldwide,peoplehavedevelopedwhistledversionsoftheirlocallanguageswhenthecircumstancescallforit.Whistledlanguagesarea

lmostalwaysdevelopedbytraditionalculturesthatliveinmountainousregionsorindenseforests.That’sbecausewhistledspeechcarriesmuchfartherthanordinaryspeech

orshouting,saysJulienMeyer,alinguistwhoexploresthetopicofwhistledlanguages.Skilledwhistlerscanreach120decibels(分贝)—louderthanacarspeaker.Asaresult,wh

istledspeechcanbeunderstoodupto10timesasfarawayasordinaryshoutingcan.Thatletspeoplecommunicatewhentheycann

otgetcloseenoughtoshout.Whistledlanguagesworkbecausemanyofthekeyelementsofspeechcanbeimitatedinawhistle.Wedistinguishonespeechsoundfromanotherbymino

rdifferencesintheirsoundfrequencypatterns.Whistlerscanexpressallofthesedistinctionsbyvaryingthepitch(音高)oftheirwhistle.Andtheskillcanbead

aptedtoanylanguage,eventhosethathavenotraditionofwhistling.However,whistledlanguagesaredisappearingrapidlyallover

theworld,andsome—suchasthewhistledformoftheTepehualanguageinMexico—havealreadydisappeared.Modernizationi

slargelytoblame,saysMeyer,whopointstoroadsasthebiggestfactor.“That’swhyyoustillfindwhistledspeechonlyinplacesthatarevery,veryremote,thathav

ehadlessaccesstoroads,”hesays.Fortunately,thereisstillarayofhope.UNESCOhaslistedtwowhistledlanguages—SilbointheCanaryIsl

ands,andawhistledTurkish—aselementsoftheworld’sintangibleculturalheritage.Suchattentioncanleadtoconservationefforts.IntheCanaryIslands

,forexample,Silboisnowtaughtinschools.“Ifpeoplehadn’tmadethateffort,Silbowouldprobablyhavedisappeared,”saysMeye

r.There,atleast,thefutureofthewhistledlanguagelooksbright.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSilbo?A.Itisanenda

ngeredtune.B.Itisemployedtoentertaintourists.C.Itisusedinmorethan80cultures.D.ItisawhistledversionofSpanish.29.

Whatarewhistledlanguagesmainlyusedtodo?A.Passonsecretinformation.B.Getmessagesacrossoverlongdistances.C.Imitatetheso

undpatternsofotherlanguages.D.Showminordifferencesbetweenspeechsounds.30.WhyarewhistledlanguagesdisappearingaccordingtoMeyer?A.Lackofskilledtea

chers.B.Contactwithmodernity.C.Difficultyinlearningthem.D.Popularityofofficiallanguages.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofSilbo?A.Uncer

tain.B.Dissatisfied.C.Optimistic.D.Uncaring.【答案】28.D29.B30.B31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口哨语言，包括其是如何产生的，主要运用于什么情况，这种语言的现状以及未来。【

28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“TouristsvisitingtheCanaryIslandscanoftenhearlocalscommunicatingoverlongdistancesbywhistling—notatune,buttheSpanishlang

uage.ThelocalsarecommunicatinginSilbo,amuchmorewidespreaduseofwhistledlanguages.(访问加那利群岛的游客经常可以听到当地人通过吹口哨（不是一首曲子，而是西班牙语）进行远距离交流。当地人用

Silbo交流，这是一种更广泛使用的口哨语言)”可知，Silbo是一种口哨形式的西班牙语。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Whistledlanguagesarealmostalwaysdevelopedbytraditionalculturesthatliveinmoun

tainousregionsorindenseforests.That’sbecausewhistledspeechcarriesmuchfartherthanordinaryspeechorshouting,saysJulienMeyer,alinguistwhoexplor

esthetopicofwhistledlanguages.(口哨语言几乎总是由生活在山区或密林中的传统文化发展而来。研究口哨语言的语言学家JulienMeyer说，这是因为口哨语言比普通语言或喊叫传播得更远)”和“Asaresult,whistledspeechcanbeunderstoodup

to10timesasfarawayasordinaryshoutingcan.Thatletspeoplecommunicatewhentheycannotgetcloseenoughtoshout

.(因此，吹口哨的声音可以被理解的距离是普通叫喊的10倍。这让人们在距离不够近而无法喊叫时进行交流)”可知，口哨语言主要是为了在远距离的情况下传递信息。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“However,whistledlanguagesaredi

sappearingrapidlyallovertheworld,andsome—suchasthewhistledformoftheTepehualanguageinMexico—havealreadydisappeared.Moder

nizationislargelytoblame,saysMeyer,whopointstoroadsasthebiggestfactor.(然而，口哨语言正在全世界迅速消失，有些语言，如墨西哥Tepehua的口哨形式已经消失。M

eyer说，现代化在很大程度上是罪魁祸首，他指出道路是最大的因素)”可知，现代化是导致口哨语言消失的主要原因。故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Fortunately,thereisstillarayofhope.UNESCOhaslistedtwow

histledlanguages—SilbointheCanaryIslands,andawhistledTurkish—aselementsoftheworld’sintangibleculturalheritage.Suchattentioncanleadtoconservationeffor

ts.IntheCanaryIslands,forexample,Silboisnowtaughtinschools.(幸运的是，还有一线希望。联合国教科文组织将两种口哨语言——加那利群岛的Silbo和口哨土耳其语——列为世界非物质文化遗产。这种关注可以导致保护努力。例如，在加那利群岛，

学校现在教Silbo)”推知，作者对Silbo的未来持乐观态度。故选C。8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】CAppleshavealwaysplayedasignificantyetdiverseroleinhistory.Todayap

plescontinuetoastonishinmedicinewithheadlinesreportingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.In201

3,researchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug)seemedtobeequallysuccessfulatpreventingheartattacksandst

rokesinpeopleovertheageof50.EPICstudy,oneofthebiggeststudiesofitskind,involveshalfamillionpeopleandlooksattheeffectso

featingfruitandvegetablesondisease.Participantsconsumingatleasteightportionsadayhadanastonishing22%lowerriskofheartdi

sease,andrisksofsomecancerswereslightlyreduced.However,othercancerswereunaffected,andtherewasnoreale

ffectondiabetes.Howmightthehumbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdiseaseandcancer,twoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inap

ples,whichisusefulforprotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolorandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingb

loodstickinessandcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.Severalstudiesalsoshowareductioninbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.,Furthermo

re,applescontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.Whatisclearisthattheappleisacomplexmixofcomponents,w

orkingtogetherforthegoodofourhealth.Butcanweeatenoughapplesadaytokeepthedoctoraway?Eatingtoomanymaynotbeagoodidea,especiallywitharisk

oflastingexposuretolowlevelsofpesticide.Somepeopleareevenallergictoapples,andtheycanwearawayouterlayerofto

oth.TheDepartmentofHealth’sadvicetoconsume“5-a-day”(includingbothfruitandvegetables)mightbearealisticstartingpoint.8.Whichofthefollo

wingdotheresearchersagreewith?A.Anappleadaycansuccessfullycureheartdiseases.B.Eatingfruitandvegetablescanreducediabetesgre

atly.C.Applesandmedicinehavesimilareffectinsomecases.D.Thoseeatingappleshavealowerriskofallcancers.9.Whyarepoly

phenolsandpectinmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Togiveadviceonhealth.C.Totellwhatapplescontain.D.Toclarifyhowapplesw

ork.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“5-a-day”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Anappleandfivevegetablesperday

.B.Fiveapplesindifferenttimeseveryday.C.Twoapplesandthreevegetableseveryday.D.Fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesperday.11.

Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Anursingreport.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.B【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了吃苹果对健康的益处及为什么会有这些益处。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“In2013,researchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug

)seemedtobeequallysuccessfulatpreventingheartattacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.”（2013年，牛津大学的研究人员指出，每天一个苹果或一片斯达汀（一种药物）在预防50岁以上人群的

心脏病发作和中风方面似乎同样有效。）可知，研究人员指出，每天一个苹果或一片斯达汀（一种药物）在预防50岁以上人群的心脏病发作和中风方面似乎同样有效，由此可知，研究人员同意苹果和药物在某些情况下有类似的效果。故选C项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段内容“Howmigh

tthehumbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdiseaseandcancer,twoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inapples,whichisusefulforp

rotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolorandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingbloodstickinessandcholesterol

(胆固醇)levels.”（谦卑的苹果如何向心脏病和癌症这两大杀手宣战？答案可能在于苹果中的多酚类物质，它有助于保护水果免受疾病，并给予其颜色和味道。它们有可能通过降低血液粘度和胆固醇水平来保护我们的身体。）和第四段关键句“Furthermore,applesc

ontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.”（此外，苹果含有一种称为果胶的纤维，这种纤维粘附在体内的胆固醇上，减缓其吸收。）可知，苹果对健康有益，

因为其中含有多酚和果胶，多酚可能通过降低血液粘度和胆固醇水平来保护我们的身体，果胶也可以减缓胆固醇的吸收，由此可知，文中提到多酚和果胶是为了阐明苹果是如何对我们的健康产生作用的。故选D项。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线短语句中“includingbothfruitandvegeta

bles”（包括水果和蔬菜）可知，句中的数字“5”指的是水果和蔬菜共五份，由此可知，句中指卫生部建议每天摄入五份水果和蔬菜，画线短语“5-a-day”指每天五份水果和蔬菜。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，

结合第一段关键句“Todayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicine,withheadlinesreportingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.

”（今天，苹果在医学上继续令人惊讶，新闻摘要报道每天一个苹果确实对健康有益。）可知，本文主要介绍了吃苹果对健康的好处，由此可知，本篇文章有可能出自一本健康杂志。故选B项。DEmergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010

sandpessimismcoversthemnow.PeoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidin

thepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast-spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyaspr

ogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.Amongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(

GDP),16areintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginem

ergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadoptingcommondigitaltechnolo

giesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitanditsabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservic

es,customersareoftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingaba

nkoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhav

eonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nationslackinginschools,hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishin

gonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searly

days,too.AseconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,techrevolutionslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestill

transformingeconomieshalfacenturylater.Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets

,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchu

pwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.12.Whatcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindeglobalisation.B

.Itpreventsemergingeconomyfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.D.ItdevelopsmostrapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.13.Wherearepeopl

emorewillingtoacceptdigitalservices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshortofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequates

toresandservices.D.Insocietieseasytoaccessdoctorsandbanks.14.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable.B.Hopefu

l.C.Depressing.D.Challenging.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevol

utions.C.Emergingeconomiesstruggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbetteringlobalisation.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。

短文主要介绍了数字技术拯救了新兴经济体。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.”（数字革命在新兴经济体

已经和发达经济体一样进步）可知，数字革命在新兴经济体和发达经济体中一样进步。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoc

tor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservi

cescanhaveonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nationslackinginschools,hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5p

ercentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.”（在一些国家，人们甚至很难找到银行或医生，他们会欣然接受出现的第一个数字选择。局外人很难理解数字服务对服务不足人群的影响。缺乏学校、

医院和银行的国家可以通过建立在线服务迅速弥合这些差距。尽管只有5%的肯尼亚人持有信用卡，但超过70%的人可以使用数字银行）可知，在缺乏基本物质设施的国家的人们更愿意接受数字服务。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now,thefad

ingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesare

volutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.”（如今，全球化渐行渐远的时代将限制新兴市场的数量，但快速数字

化的时代才刚刚开始。这为许多发展中经济体提供了一条革命性的新道路，以赶上发达国家的生活水平）推知，作者认为数字化的未来是有希望的。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Emergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe

2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.PeoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowtheycangrowrapi

dlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation”（新兴经济体在2010年代曾艰难增长，如今悲观情绪笼罩着它们。人们想知道，在新冠肺炎疫情期间，他们将如何偿还债务，如何像过去在去全球化时代那样快速增长）和第二段“Thef

reshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast-spreadingdigitalrevolution.”（对于这个问题，许多答案中最新的是迅速传播的数字革命）可知，短文主要是关于数字技术拯救了新兴经济体。故选A项。9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年

上高三初考】CSomeoftheworld’sbestCoffeaarabicaisgrownonMountKenya.Thisvarietyoftheplantproducesbeansthataretastie

rthanthosefromitspoorcousin,Coffeacanephora(knownasrobusta),whichoftenendsupininstantcoffee(速溶咖啡).However,globalwarmingmayreducethet

otalareathatismostsuitedtogrowingarabicabeansbyabouthalfby2050.Somefarmersaretryingtoadapttowarmingbymovinguphill.Yetthispushesthemintoare

aslongusedforgrowingtea.Notonlyistherelessspacehigherup;themovestresseshowwarmingalsothreatenstoharmtheteacrop,whichsupportsabout10%ofKenya’spopulati

on.Warmerweatherwillpushteaitselfhigheruparea.Kenya’sgovernment-fundedCoffeeResearchInstituteistryingtofindotherwaysofhelpingfarmersadapt,such

asencouragingthemtoplanttreestoshadetheircoffeebushes,ortogrowhardier(适应性更强)robustaplants.Itisalsotryi

ngtoplantahybrid,Arabusta,whichwouldcombinethehardinessofrobustawiththeflavourofarabica.Coffeesnobsmayturnuptheirnosesatit,buttheymayhaveno

otherchoices.However,suchadaptationsmaybringsocialcosts.Manysmallholderfarmersareatriskofbeingpushedoutoftheindustryaltogetherbecausetheyc

annotaffordthemoneyneededtoprotecttheircrops.Anotheroptionmaybeentirelynewvarieties.ResearchersinLondonarestudy

ingawildtypeofcoffee,Coffeastenophylla.Itisdeliciousandcanalsotaketheheat.Butitproduceslowerharvestthanexistingvarietiesanditmaybey

earsbeforeitiswidelygrown.Withoutabreakthroughofsomesort,caffeineaddictsmayfaceafuturetoounpleasanttoimagine.“Ifwedon’thaveth

einnovation(创新)torespondtoclimatechallenges,”VernLongofWorldCoffeeResearchsays,“we’rejustgoingtobedrinkingman-madecoffee.”8.InwhatwayisCoffeaa

rabicabetterthanCoffearobusta?A.Flavor.B.Harvest.C.Hardiness.D.Sales.9.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”refertoinParagraph3?A.Robusta.B.Ar

abica.C.Arabusta.D.Stenophylla.10.Whatmightbetheimpactofthegovernment’spolicy?A.Goodmoneywillbebroughtin.B.Thearea

softeacropwillbereduced.C.Thecostofcoffee-plantingmaydrop.D.Smallholdercoffeefarmersmaydisappear.11.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Togivesugg

estionstocoffeefarmers.B.Torecommendnewvarietiesofcoffee.C.Tointroducecoffeeindustryunderthreat.D.Tolistpossi

blesolutionstoclimatechanges.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了面临威胁的咖啡产业以及人们正在想办法解决问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Someofthewor

ld’sbestCoffeaarabicaisgrownonMountKenya.Thisvarietyoftheplantproducesbeansthataretastierthanthosefromitspoorcousin,Coffeacane

phora(knownasrobusta),whichoftenendsupininstantcoffee.(肯尼亚山上种植着世界上最好的Coffeaarabica。这种植物生产的咖啡豆比它可怜的表亲咖啡CoffeaCanephora（被称为robusta）

的咖啡豆更美味，后者通常会制成速溶咖啡)”可知，Coffeaarabica在风味上比Coffearobusta更好。故选A项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Itisalsotryingtoplantahybrid,Arabusta,whichwouldco

mbinethehardinessofrobustawiththeflavourofarabica.Coffeesnobsmayturnuptheirnosesatit,buttheymayhavenootherchoices.(它还

试图种植一种杂交品种Arabusta，这种品种将robusta的耐寒性与arabica的风味相结合。对咖啡自命高雅的人可能会对它嗤之以鼻，但他们可能别无选择)”可知，对咖啡自命高雅的人可能对杂交品种Arabusta嗤之以鼻，it指代的是Arabusta。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据

第四段“Manysmallholderfarmersareatriskofbeingpushedoutoftheindustryaltogetherbecausetheycannotaffordthemoneyneededtoprot

ecttheircrops.(许多小农面临被完全赶出该行业的风险，因为他们负担不起保护作物所需的资金)”可知，政府的政策可能会导致咖啡小农负担不起所需的资金，从该行业消失。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“However,globalwarmingmayredu

cethetotalareathatismostsuitedtogrowingarabicabeansbyabouthalfby2050.(然而，到2050年，全球变暖可能使最适合种植arabica的总面积减少约一半)”、第四段“Manysmallhold

erfarmersareatriskofbeingpushedoutoftheindustryaltogetherbecausetheycannotaffordthemoneyneededtoprotect

theircrops.(许多小农面临被完全赶出该行业的风险，因为他们负担不起保护作物所需的资金)”以及最后一段“Butitproduceslowerharvestthanexistingvarietiesanditmaybeyearsbefor

eitiswidelygrown.(但它的收成比现有品种低，而且可能要过几年才能广泛种植)”可知，本文写作的目的是介绍面临威胁的咖啡产业。故选C项。DContraryto“popularopinion”,the

scientificpursuitforknowledgeisnotapredictableprocess.Tomakenewdiscoveries,researchersneedthefreedomtobecreative,fail,andlearnbychance.Thisa

spectissimilartoart.ThisiswhyWageningenscientistslooktoartistsforinspirationandexchangeideasabouthow

toincreasecreativefreedom.“Scienceandartaretwodifferentwaystomakesomethingunderstandable.Theybothprovideaperspectiveonreality,”saysBioch

emistryProfessorDolfWeijers.“Fromtheoutside,theresearchprocesslooksveryformalandtheartisticprocesslookssomewhatmessy.Butthescientificprocesscanal

sounfoldinanunpredictableway.”“Scientistscanlearnalotfromartists,”saysWeijers.“Associationandcreativityarecentraltoart.Tho

seaspectsrequiremoreattentioninscienceasthecreativeprocessisthekeyofscience.”“Asascientist,youusedifferentmethods,butitisequallyab

outhowyouvisualize(可视化)yourunderstandingofrealityandtheconnectionsthatthereare.Thisissometimesjustasvisualasart,”saysWeijers.O

neexampleisarecentspecialprojectinwhichWeijersandhiscolleagueJorisSprakel,professorofPhysicalChemistryandSoftMatter,measuredtheforcesthatactonpl

antcells.Amolecular(分子的)sensorwasusedtovisualizethedifferentforces.Theyshowedtheresultsincolorfulimages,eachrepresentingadiffe

rentforce.Whatscienceandartalsohaveincommonisthattheyaretopicsofdiscussioninsociety.Therearepeoplewhosaythattheydonotvalueartandpeoplewho

mistrustscience.Weijerssays,“Itoftencreatesthewrongimpressionbecauseonlytheresultsofscientificstudiesarepresented,andpe

opledonothaveanyinsightintotheprocessleadingtodiscovery.Asascientist,youaredoubtedifyousaythatsomethingisdifferentafewyearslater.Theny

ouareviewedasunreliable.Butwhatisoftenpoorlyunderstoodisthattherearenofinalresultsinscience.Whatwescientistscanachieveinthecomingperiodistoprov

idemorechancesforpeopletofocusontheprocess.Personally,Ithinkthattheconnectionwithartcanhelptoleadthe

focusontheprocessthantheresult.”12.Whatmightbethe“popularopinion”aboutthescientificdiscovery?A.Itiscreative

.B.Itcanbeaccidental.C.Itallowsfailures.D.Itispredictable.13.InDolfWeijers’sview,theartisticprocess_________.A.totallydiffersfromthescientificone

B.normallylooksformalandcontrolledC.offersinspirationforscientificresearchD.focusesonputtingthemessyinorder14.W

hydoestheauthormentionDolfWeijers’sresearchonplantcells?A.Toprovethatsciencecanbevisualizedlikeart.B.Tostressthatunder

standingscienceisdifficult.C.Toshowthevalueofhisscientificachievements.D.Totellobviousdifferencesbetweenscienceandar

t.15.WhatdoesDolfWeijerssayaboutscientificstudies?A.Theyhavelittletodowiththediscoveries.B.Theirprocesssh

ouldbemoreopentopeople.C.Theyalwayspresentunchangedfinalresults.D.Theirfocusisnottheprocessbuttheresult.【答案】12.D13.C14.A

15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了艺术创作和科学研究之间的关系。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Contraryto“popularopinion”,thescientificpur

suitforknowledgeisnotapredictableprocess(与“流行的观点”相反，对知识的科学追求不是一个可预测的过程)”可知，流行的观点认为科学发现是可预测的。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Scientistscanlear

nalotfromartists,”saysWeijers.“Associationandcreativityarecentraltoart.Thoseaspectsrequiremoreattentioninscienceasthecreativeprocessisthekeyofsci

ence.”(“科学家可以从艺术家那里学到很多东西，”Weijers说。“联想和创造力是艺术的核心。这些方面在科学中需要更多的关注，因为创造过程是科学的关键。”)”可知，创造过程是科学的关键，而创造力又是艺术的核心。由此可知，艺术

过程可以为科学研究提供创造力，激发科学研究的进行。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的““Asascientist,youusedifferentmethods,butitisequallyabouthowyouvisualiz

e(可视化)yourunderstandingofrealityandtheconnectionsthatthereare.Thisissometimesjustasvisualasart,”saysWeijer

s.Oneexampleisarecentspecialproject…measuredtheforcesthatactonplantcells.Amolecularsensorwasusedtovis

ualizethedifferentforces.Theyshowedtheresultsincolorfulimages,eachrepresentingadifferentforce(“作为一名科学家，你使用不同的方法，但它同样是关于你如何将

你对现实的理解和其中的联系形象化。这有时就像艺术一样视觉化，”Weijers说。一个例子是最近Weijers和他的同事，物理化学和软物质教授JorisSprakel测量了作用在植物细胞上的力。一个分子传感器被用来可视化不同的力。他们用彩色图像展示了结果，每张图像代表一

种不同的力)”可知，作者通过提及植物细胞的例子来证明该段开头提到的理论：科学可以像艺术一样被视觉化。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Weijerssays,“Itoftencreatesthewrongimpressionbecauseonlytheresu

ltsofscientificstudiesarepresented,andpeopledonothaveanyinsightintotheprocessleadingtodiscovery.Whatwescientistscanachieveinthecomin

gperiodistoprovidemorechancesforpeopletofocusontheprocess.Personally,Ithinkthattheconnectionwithartcanhelptoleadthe

focusontheprocessthantheresult(Weijers说：“它经常造成错误的印象，因为只呈现科学研究的结果，人们对导致发现的过程没有任何洞察力。我们科学家在未来一段时间能做到的是为人们提供更多关注

这一过程的机会。就我个人而言，我认为与艺术的联系有助于引导人们关注过程而不是结果”)可知，Weijers认为，应该给人们提供更多关注研究发现过程的机会，让人们更多的了解科学发现的过程。故选B。10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】Climatesciencehasbeenrapi

dlyadvancinginrecentyears,butthefoundationswerelaidhundredsofyearsago.Inthe1820s,FrenchscientistJosephFouriertheorizedthatEarthmusthavesomewayofkee

pingheatandthattheatmospheremayplaysomerole.In1850,AmericanscientistEuniceNewtonFooteputthermometers(温度计)ingla

ssbottlesandexperimentedwithplacingtheminsunlight.Insidethebottles,Footecompareddryair,wetair,N2,O2andC

O,andfoundthatthebottlecontaininghumidairwarmedupmoreandstayedhotterlongerthanthebottlecontainingdryair,andthatitwasf

ollowedbythebottlecontainingCO2.In1859,IrishscientistJohnTyndallbeganmeasuringhowmuchheatdifferentgasesintheatmosphereabs

orb.Andin1896,SwedishscientistSvanteArrheniusconcludedthatmoreCO2intheatmospherewouldcausetheplanettoheatup:Thesefindingsplantedsomeoftheearliestsee

dsofclimatescience.Thefirstcriticalbreakthroughhappenedin1967whenSyukuroManabeandRichardWetheraldconnectedenergyabsorbedbytheatmospheretothe

airmovementverticallyoverEarth.Theybuiltamodelwhichfirstincludedallthemainphysicalprocessesrelatedtoclimatechang

es.Thepredictionsandtheexplanationsbasedontheirmodelstillholdtrueintherealworldalmosthalfacenturylater.Themodelwasimprovedint

he1980sbyKlausHasselmannwhoconnectedshort-termweatherpatternswithlong-termclimatechanges.Hasselmannfou

ndthatevenrandomweatherdatacouldyieldinsightintobroaderpatterns.“Thegreatestuncertaintyinthemodelremainswhathumanbein

gswilldo.Figuringitoutis1,000timesharderthanunderstandingthephysicsbehindclimatechanges,”Manabesaid.“Therearemanythingsweca

ndotopreventclimatechange.Thewholequestioniswhetherpeoplewillrealizethatsomethingwhichwillhappenin20or30yearsissomethingyouhavetorespon

dtonow.”So,it’suptoustosolvetheproblemthatthesepioneershelpedtheworldunderstand.12.Whatdoestheword“hum

id”underlinedinparagraph2mean?A.Cool.B.Cold.C.Dry.D.Wet.13.WhatisKlausHasselmann’scontributiontoclimatescience?A.HefoundthatCO2causesglobalwarming

.B.Heinventedauniquemeasuringinstrument.C.HeimprovedManabeandWetherald’smodel.DHebuiltareliablemodelonclimatechange.1

4.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thebiggestproblemwiththeclimatemodel..B.Thenecessityforhumanbeingstotakeactionnow.C.Thechallengeofund

erstandingclimatechange.D.Measurestobetakentopreventclimatechange.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetex

t?A.NegativeEffectsoftheGlobalWarmingB.HistoricBreakthroughsinClimateScienceC.MainCausesLeadingtoClimateChangeD.DifficultiesofPreventin

gClimateChange【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气象科学的发展历程及不同时期的科学家所做的贡献。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句子“Insidethebottles,Fo

otecompareddryair,wetair,N2,O2andCO,andfoundthatthebottlecontaininghumidairwarmedupmoreandstayedhotterlonger

thanthebottlecontainingdryair,andthatitwasfollowedbythebottlecontainingCO2.(在瓶子内部，Foote比较了干燥空气、潮湿空气、N2、O2和CO，发现含有humid空气的瓶子比含有干燥空

气的瓶子加热得更多，保持温度的时间更长，其次是含有二氧化碳的瓶子。)”可知，该划线词与后面的dry为相对词或反义词，对两种空气的情况做对比，所以该词应该是“dry”的反义词，应该是“潮湿的/湿润的”，与wet意思相近。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Themodelwasim

provedinthe1980sbyKlausHasselmannwhoconnectedshort-termweatherpatternswithlong-termclimatechanges.(该模型在20世纪80年代被Klau

sHasselmann改进，他将短期天气模式与长期气候变化联系起来。)”可知，他的贡献在于改进了SyukuroManabeandRichardWetherald建造的这个模型。故选C项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Th

egreatestuncertaintyinthemodelremainswhathumanbeingswilldo.Figuringitoutis1,000timesharderthanunderstanding

thephysicsbehindclimatechanges,”Manabesaid.“Therearemanythingswecandotopreventclimatechange.Thewholequestioniswhetherpeoplewillrealizethats

omethingwhichwillhappenin20or30yearsissomethingyouhavetorespondtonow.”(这个模型最大的不确定性仍然是人类会做什么。弄清楚这一点比理解气候变化背后的物理原理难1000倍，”真部说。“我们可以做很多事情来防止气候变

化。整个问题是，人们是否会意识到，20年或30年后会发生的事情是你现在必须应对的事情)”可知，气候模型创立者SyukuroManabe认为，人类的行为对将来的气候影响至关重要，而人类非常有必要马上为将来的气候变化采取行动，不能任其自然。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可

知，第一段“Climatesciencehasbeenrapidlyadvancinginrecentyears,butthefoundationswerelaidhundredsofyearsago.(气候科学近年来发展迅速，

但其基础早在几百年前就奠定了)”可知，几百年前人们就在研究气候，之后介绍了FrenchscientistJosephFourier和IrishscientistJohnTyndall的实验得出的理论，第三四段介绍了SyukuroManabeandRichardWethera

ld建造的模型和和KlausHasselmann对其进行的改良，所以本文主要介绍了气象科学的发展历程及不同时期的重大突破。故选B项。11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】CKatherineR

ooks,aDenver-basedwriter,hadsenthersonatextmessageaboutcominghomefromschool."Icouldtellfromhisresponsethathebec

ameupsetsuddenlyinourthread.Andwhenhecamehome,hecameoverandsaid,'Whatdidyoumeanbythis?"Rookswasconfused."Sowelooke

datthetexttogetherandIsaid,'Well,Imeant,seeyoulater,orsomething.Idon'trememberexactlywhatitsaid.'Andhesaid,'B

utyouendedwithafullstop!Ithoughtyouwerereallyangry!"Rookswasn'tangry,andsheexplainedtohersonthat,well,periodsarehowyouendasentence.Butin

text-messaging—atleastforyoungeradult-periodsdomorethanjustendasentence:theyalsocansetatone.GretchenMcC

ulloch,alinguist,saidthatwhenitcomestotext-messaging,theperiodhaslostitsoriginalpurpose.Butthatdoesn'tmeantheperiodhaslostal

lthepurposesintext-messaging.Nowitcanbeusedtoindicateseriousnessorasenseoffinality."Butcautionisneeded,"saidMcCulloch,notingthatproblemscansta

rttoarisewhenyoucombineaperiodwithapositiveemotion,like"sure"or"soundsgood".Aperiodcanaccidentallysetatone.ArecentstudyconductedbyBinghamton

UniversitypsychologyprofessorCeliaKlinconfirmedthis.Researchersaskedundergraduatestoevaluateatextexchangethatincludedan

innocentquestionandtheanswer"Yes".Somesaw"Yes"withaperiodandsomesawthewordwithout.Theyfoundconsistentlythroughmanyexperiments

that"Yes"withaperiodresultedinresponsesthatweremorenegative.Sopeoplethought"Yes"withaperiodwaslessfriendly,lesssincere,andso

on."Ireallydon'tlikegettingtextmessagesthatendinperiodsbecauseitalwaysfeelssopassive-aggressive,"saidJuanAb

enanteRincon,24,asocialmediamanagerforAdidas."Like,areyoumad?What'sgoingon?Like,didIdosomethingwrong?"

Klinsaidthisdemonstrateslanguageisconstantlychanging."Languageevolutionhashappened;it'llcontinuetohappen,andisn'titgreatthatwe'resolinguistical

lyflexibleandcreative?"28.WhydoesthetextbeginwithKatherine'sconflictwithherson?A.Toleadintheuseofperiodintexting.B.Toemphasizetheg

reatpowerofwords.C.Toshowyoungsters'attitudestowardstexting.D.Tosuggesttherightuseofpunctuationmarks.29.WhyisJu

anAbenanteRinconmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeassessmentsontherecentstudy.B.Toconfirmthefindingsoftherecentstudy.C.Toputforwarddoubtsabouttherecentstudy

.D.Toshowgreatoppositionfortherecentstudy.30.WhatisCeliaKlin'sattitudetowardsthechangesinthemeaningsoffullstops?A.Disapprovi

ng.B.Conservative.C.Worried.D.Positive.31.Whatcanbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.FullStops:BeOriginalB.FullStops:BeCautiousC.LanguageEvolution:

BeFlexibleD.LanguageEvolution:BeConsistent答案：28-31ABDB解析：C篇是一篇说明文，介绍了标点符号中的句号对人的情感影响，当代人并不喜欢句号结尾，提醒人们对句号的使用需要小心谨慎。文

章理解起来不难，题目也较为简单。第28题A目的题。开头的情节是为了引出下文，开头说K和儿子的冲突是为了引出下文对“句号”这一主题的阐述，故选A。第29题B目的题。定位到文章倒数第二段，JAR说，“我真的不喜欢以句号结尾的短信，因为他让我觉得很被动、咄咄逼人，就像‘你疯了？’‘咋

了？’一样。”这里举了JAR的例子是为了论证本段开头和实验调查的观点“句号可以影响一句话的音调”，故选B。第30题D情感态度题。定位到文章最后一段，CK说，“我们在语言上灵活而富有创造力”，所以CK是乐观的，故选D。第31题B标题题。这篇文章讲了标点符

号中的句号对人情感的影响，因此对于句号的使用需要更加小心谨慎，故选B。DTheBeijingWinterOlympicsandParalympicssawmanyexcellentathletescompeteontheiceandsnow,promptinganenthusiasmforwint

ersportsinChina.Infact,thecountryhashadadeeprelationshipwithwintersportssinceancienttimes,withskiingoriginatingintheAltayprefect

ureofXinjiangUygurautonomousregion.In2005,cavepaintingsofAltaypeoplehuntingonskiswithpoleswerediscovered,whic

harchaeologistsestimatedcouldbemorethan10,000yearsold.Sincethen,Altayhasbeenrecognizedbymanyasoneofthebirthplaceso

fskiing,accordingtoXinhua.AsoneoftherichestcollectionsofancientrockartinChina,thereareherdsofcamels,sh

eep,wolvesandhumanfigures.ThepaintingontheroofofacaveinDundebulakevillageofAltayprefecturedepictshumansonskis,bendingtheirkneesastheytravelalongsidea

nimals,includingdeerandmoose.TherockartinDundcbulakeiswellpreservedbecausethepictographs(象形文字)arewellhiddeni

nthecave.Additionally,Alta'sdryclimatehasbeenausefulpreservingagent,accordingtoa2016researchpaperpublishedbytheHebeiNormalUniversity.Uniq

uegeographicalandclimaticconditionsmakeskiinganindispensablepartoflocalpeople'slives.TheclimateinAltayismildan

dnottoowindy,soskiersarelessaffectedbyweatherconditions,allowingthemtosafelymovefaster.Unlikethemodemskisw

eusenowadays,furskishavebeenusedasameansoftransportationforthesnowfieldinhabitantsofAltayformorethan100centuries,accordi

ngtorockcarvingsuncoveredinthearea.Makingskishasbeenatraditionalskill.Thehandmadeskishavealayerofhorseskin.Thefuro

nthehorseskincanhelpdecreasefriction(摩擦力)whentheyslidedownthehill,whiletheskisalsopreventskiersfromf

allingwhentheywalkup.Atthesametime,theyhaveawoodenstickinhandtokeepbalance,accordingtoChinaDaily.Furskicompetitionshavebeenheldannuall

ybythelocalgovernment.Manylocalswoulddisplaytheirmaneuvers(高超的移动)atthecompetitions.32.Whichofthefollowi

ngisevidencethatAltayisoneofthebirthplacesofskiing?A.Altaypeopleworeskistohuntanimals.B.Themodemskisareverysimilartofurskis.C.Loc

alpeoplehaveusedfurskisforalongtime.D.Humansonskisweredepictedincavedrawings.33.Whathavefurskisbeenusedfor

inAltaysinceancienttimes?A.Hunting.B.Transportation.C.Competition.D.Entertainment.34.Howdoeshorseskinbenefitskiers?A.Ithelpsthembette

rcontroldirections.B.Itmakesthemslidemorecomfortably.C.Ithelpsthemslidedownsmoothly.D.Ithelpsthemkeepste

adywhilesliding.35.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A.TheoriginsofskiinginAltay.B.TheancientrockartfoundinAlta

y.C.ThedevelopmentofskiinginChina.D.ThecurrentpopularityofskiinginAltay.答案：32-35DBCAD篇是一篇说明文，介绍了新疆维吾尔自治区的阿勒泰地区具有的悠久滑雪历史。解析：第3

2题D细节理解题。定位到文章第二段，“In2005,cavepaintingsofAltaypeoplehuntingonskiswithpoleswerediscovered.”可知，2005年发现的滑雪打猎壁画证实了阿勒泰地区是滑雪发祥地，故选D。第3

3题B细节理解题。定位到文章第七段，“furskishavebeenusedasameansoftransportation…”可知，皮革滑雪被用作一种交通工具，故选B。第34题C细节理解题。定位到文

章第八段，“Thefuronthehorseskincanhelpdecreasefrictionwhentheyslidedownthehill,”可知，马皮可以用来减缓滑雪的摩擦力，进而让他们滑雪更加流畅，故选C。第35题A主旨大意题。文章讲述了新疆维吾尔族

自治区的阿勒泰地区具有的悠久滑雪历史，故选A。12.【浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】Whetheryou'reacitizen,consumerorinvestor,itisfas

tbecomingakeylifeskilltomakeoutgreenwashing,awordmeaningacompanyclaimsthatitsproductsareenvironmentallyfriend

lybutactuallynotgreenatall.Misleadingornotprovedclaimsaboutbenefitstoclimatecanmakeitharderforpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.T

heycanalsoweakenrealeffortsbycompaniestocleanuptheiractanddealwiththeclimatecrisis.Thebasicproblemisalackofclarity.Indeed,whenitcomestospottinggree

nwashing,itcanactuallybemorehelpfultofocusonthecolorgrey—becauseitisthemanygreyareasthathavehelpedmakeg

reenwashingappearinparticularplaces.Thesegreyareasmightbearoundmeasurements,definitions,bestpractice,standardsorregulations.Eventhelanguagew

euseisveryimprecise,leavinglotsofroomforvagueness,confusionorcompletecheating.Forinstance,whatdowordssuchas“green”,“sustainable”and“eco”e

venmean?Youhavenostandards,measurementsordefinitionstojudgeby.Theseproblemsareincreasinglyimportantwhenitcomestothegreenwashingo

finvestmentproducts,suchaspensionsandinvestmentfunds.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasharpriseinconsumerdeman

dforfundsthatinvestaccordingtoenvironmental,socialandgovernancecriteria,oftenreferredtoasESGfunds.Accordin

gtothefinancialdataproviderMorningstar,thevalueofassets(资产)heldinUKfundsgrewfrom£29bnatthebeginningof2017to£7

1bnbytheendof2020.Withthatmuchmoneyatriskforhighprofits,misleadingclaimscaneffectivelyhampertheflowofmoneyandresourcesint

oreallygreennewplansandbusinesses,preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.“Idescribeitasthe'teena

geyears'ofresponsibleinvesting,withalotofexperimentation,andalotofpeopletryingoutnewthings.”saysAshleyHam

iltonClaxton.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledgreenwashing?A.Aproductthatisclaimedtobenefittheclimate.B.Aproductthatcanbeenwashedin

agreenway.C.Aproductthatisabsolutelyenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Aproductthatisclaimedtobegreenwhilenotthecase.5.What'sthemajorcauseoftheproblemofgre

enwashing?A.Theproduct'sdescriptionisnotclear.B.Thelanguageisn'tgrammaticallyright.C.Therearenosuchwordsas“sustainable”.D.Thecompanydoesn'ts

ayit's“green”and“eco”.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hamper”probablymean?A.putB.clarifyC.stopD.divide7.Whatcanyouinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

MuchmoneyenableshighprofitsB.Responsibleinvestingisstillatitsearlystage.C.Moremoneyisinvestedinrealgreenbusine

sses.D.Alotofpeopleareunwillingtotryoutnewthings.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于对漂绿的描述不清晰，导致了许多投资不能流入真正的绿色行业，阻碍了全球协作去处理气候紧急情况这一社会现象。【4题

详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whetheryou'reacitizen,consumerorinvestor,itisfastbecomingakeylifeskilltomakeoutgreenwashing,awordmeaningacompanycl

aimsthatitsproductsareenvironmentallyfriendlybutactuallynotgreenatall.”(无论你是市民，消费者还是投资者，理解漂绿正在快速成为一种关键的生活技巧，漂绿意思是一个公司声称他的产品是环境友好的，但实际上根本不是绿色的。)

可知，漂绿声称是绿色的，然而事实情况不是这样的。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebasicproblemisalackofclarity.Indeed,whenitcomestospottinggreenwas

hing,itcanactuallybemorehelpfultofocusonthecolorgrey—becauseitisthemanygreyareasthathavehelpedmakegreenwashingappearinparticularplaces

.”(根本问题是不清晰。实际上，当谈到漂绿的时候，关注灰色会更有帮助——因为是许多灰色地带帮助让漂绿出现在特定的地方。)可知，导致漂绿问题的主要原因是对其的阐述不清晰，存在许多灰色地带。故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段“p

reventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.”(阻止全球协作处理气候紧急情况。)可以推测出，错误的声明实际上阻碍钱和资源流入真正绿色的新计划和业务中，才会阻止全球协作处理气候紧急情况。A.put放；B.clarify阐明；C.

stop停止，阻拦；D.divide分开。所以hamper应与选项C.stop同义，意为阻止，阻碍。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Idescribeitasthe'teenageyears'ofresponsiblein

vesting,…”(我认为负责任的投资处于‘青少年时期’)可知，负责任的投资还处于早期阶段。故选B。Harvestingdrinkingwaterfromwetairaroundtheclock?Nowthistechnologyisclosetothetheoretic

alidealaim.Asreal-worldtestsontheroofofanETHbuildinginZurichrevealed,thenewtechnologycanproduceatleasttwiceas

muchwaterperareaperdayasthebestcurrentpassivetechnologies:thesmallexperimentalsystemwithapane(一格玻璃)diameterof10centimetersde

livered4.6millilitersofwaterperdayunderreal-worldconditions.Largerdeviceswithlargerpaneswouldgeneratemorewaterasaresult.Theresearche

rsdemonstratedthatunderidealconditions,theycouldharvestupto0.53decilitresofwaterpersquaremeterofpanesurfaceperhour.“Thisi

sclosetothetheoreticalmaximumof0.6decilitresperhour,whichisphysicallythegreatestamount.”IwanHächlersays.Heisadoctor

alstudentinDimosPoulikakos's(ETHZurich)ThermodynamicsGroup.Othertechnologiestypicallynecessitatewipingcondensed(冷凝的)waterfromasurface,

whichrequiresenergy.Withoutthisstep,alargeportionofthecondensedwaterwouldholdontothesurfaceandbecomeunusable,preventingfurthercondensation.T

heETHZurichresearcherscoatedtheundersideofthepaneintheirwatercondenserwithanovelsuperhydrophobic(extremelywater-resistant)coating.Asaresult,theco

ndensedwaterbeadsupandrunsorjumpsoffonitsown.“Unlikeothertechnologies,ourscantrulyfunctionwithoutanyadditionalenergy,whichisasignificantadv

antage,”Hächlersaid.Theresearchers’goalwastocreateatechnologyforwater-stressedcountries,particularlydevelopingandemergingeconom

ies.Theybelievethatnowisthetimeforotherscientiststofurtherdevelopthistechnologyorcombineitwithothermethods,suchaswaterdesalination,toi

ncreasetheiryield.Thecoatingofthepanesisrelativelysimple,andlargerwatercondensersthanthecurrentpilotsystemshouldbepossible.Severalwatercondensersc

ouldbepositionedsidebysidetopiecetogetheralarge-scalesystem,similartohowsolarcellshaveseveralmodulessetupnexttoeachothe

r.8.WhyarethenumbersusedinParagraph2-3?A.Toshowthestrengthsofthepresenttechnology.B.Toexplainthetheoryofanewwatercollectingde

vice.C.Todemonstratethegreatdifficultytheresearchersmet.D.Tomakevividtheclose-to-idealefficiencyofthenewtechnol

ogy9.What’stheuniqueadvantageofthenewtechnology?A.Itusesadevicetowipeoffcondensedwater.B.Itenablesthewater

dropstorunoffbyitself.C.Itconsumesaverysmallamountofenergy.D.Ithastheupsideofthepanespeciallycoated.10.Whatc

anwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.ThenewtechnologyhasbeenputintouseB.Otherscientistshavebeenimprovingthedevice.C.Developedcountriesareingrea

tneedofthisdevice.D.Itmaytakesometimetofurtherdevelopthetechnology.【答案】8.D9.B10.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是已接近理想高效状态的全天候从潮湿的空气中收集饮用水的新

技术的优势以及前景。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Harvestingdrinkingwaterfromwetairaroundtheclock?Nowthistechnologyisclosetot

hetheoreticalidealaim.(全天候从潮湿的空气中收集饮用水?目前该技术已接近理论理想目标。)”以及文章第二段“Asreal-worldtestsontheroofofanETHbuilding

inZurichrevealed,thenewtechnologycanproduceatleasttwiceasmuchwaterperareaperdayasthebestcurrentpassivetechnologies:(在苏黎世一座E

TH建筑的屋顶上进行的真实测试表明，这项新技术每天每区域产生的水至少是目前最好的被动技术的两倍：)”以及文章第三段“Theresearchersdemonstratedthatunderidealconditi

ons,theycouldharvestupto0.53decilitresofwaterpersquaremeterofpanesurfaceperhour.(研究人员证明，在理想的条件下，他们每小时每平方米的玻璃表面可以收获高达0.53分升的水。)”可知第二段和第三段提到的数字是

为了更生动地展示新技术的接近理想的高效状态。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“TheETHZurichresearcherscoatedtheundersideofthepaneintheirwatercondenserwithanovelsuperhydroph

obic(extremelywater-resistant)coating.Asaresult,thecondensedwaterbeadsupandrunsorjumpsoffonitsown.“Unlikeothertechnologies,ourscantrulyfunc

tionwithoutanyadditionalenergy,whichisasignificantadvantage,”(苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员在水冷凝器的玻璃底部涂上了一种新型的极耐水涂层。结果，凝

结的水珠会上升，自己跑开或跳开。“与其他技术不同，我们的技术可以在不需要额外能源的情况下真正发挥作用，这是一个显著的优势。”)”可知这项新技术的独特之处在于这一集水装置不需要使用能源，而是使用了一种特殊涂层使得水滴形成并自动掉落。故选B项。【10题

详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theresearchers’goalwastocreateatechnologyforwater-stressedcountries,particularlydevelopingandemerginge

conomies.Theybelievethatnowisthetimeforotherscientiststofurtherdevelopthistechnologyorcombineitwithothermethods,suchaswaterdesalina

tion,toincreasetheiryield.(研究人员的目标是为水资源紧张的国家创造一种技术，特别是发展中国家和新兴经济体。他们认为，现在是其他科学家进一步开发这项技术的时候了，或者将其与其他方法结合起来，比如海水淡化，以提高产

量。)”可知这一装置需要其他科学家进一步改进或与其他手段结合，所以改进还需要一点时间。故选D项。13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】CThoughitseffectsarenotalwaysvi

sibletothehumaneye,plasticischokinglifeonEarth.Theprocessformanufacturingplasticworsensclimatechange,andthespreadingofp

lasticintheenvironmenthasledtoheartbreakingsights.Thentherecameadaydream:Canwecreatesomethingthatwillconsumeit?Anewstudysuggeststhatanenzym

e(酶)whichtargetspolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)—awidely-usedsubstancefoundinamajorityofconsumerpackagi

ngproductsthatcontains12percentofallglobalwaste—couldmakethatscientificdream,whichisalsonecessity,intoareality.Theke

yingredientwasnnaturalenzymeknownasPETase,accordingtothepaperpublishedinthescientificjournalNature.Usingamachinelearningmodel,scientistsat

theUniversityofTexasfiguredoutwhatchangeswouldcausetheenzymetobeabletoquicklybreakdownthetargetedtypesofplasticwaste

.“Ithasbeenawell-exploredprobleminmanyindustries,”HalAIper,aprofessorinChemicalEngineering,said,“Therefore,wefeelth

atthispartoftheproblemiseasilyachievableinashortperiodoftime.Themorechallengingaspectwillbemakingenzymebreakdown

onalargescalewithmixedplasticswaste.”Thiswasnotthefirstefforttosolvetheplasticpollutionproblem.InMarch2016,Japaneseresearchersfoundabacteria

thatwould“eat“theplasticuntilitturnedintosludge(泥浆).Lastyear,scientistsattheUniversityofEdinburghannouncedtha

tE.Coli,acommonbacterium,couldbeusedtochangePETintoakindofmaterial,whichmightbeabletobesafelyconsumedbyhumans.JoannaSadler,abi

otechnologyprofessorattheUniversityofEdinburgh,characterizedthenewenzymeasthe“fastestenzymereportedtodate”intermsofthespeedofbreakingdo

wndifferentplastics.“Thismakesitaverypromisingtechnologicaldevelopmentinthefield,anddemonstratesthebetteradaptedusageofthise

nzyme,”Sadlersaid.8.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainauniquephenomenon.B.Tostimulatethereaders’curiosity.C.Toan

alyzethecauseofthesituation.D.Toprovidesomebackgroundinformation.9.Whatisthechallengingproblemscientistsarefacing?A.Turningthescientificdreami

ntoareality.B.Causingtheenzymetoworkmoreeffectively.C.Puttingamachinelearningmodelintopractice.D.Makingtheenzymedissolveplasticsmassively.10.Whya

retheexamplesmentionedinParagraph6?A.Toevaluatethescientists’previousefforts.B.Tointroducesomesimilarbiologicalmeans.C.Toprove

thepossibilityofrecyclingplastics.D.Tostresstheimportanceofplastic-eatingbacteria.11.Whichwordbestdescribes

Sadler’sattitudetotheenzyme?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是针对让全球生命窒息的塑料，科学

家们研制出了一种新型的可以使分解塑料这一科学梦想成为现实的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）的酶。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thoughitseffectsarenotalwaysvisibletothehumaneye,plasticischoki

nglifeonEarth.Theprocessformanufacturingplasticworsensclimatechange,andthespreadingofplasticintheenvironmenthasledtoheartb

reakingsights.(虽然塑料的影响并不总是肉眼可见，但它正在窒息地球上的生命。制造塑料的过程加剧了气候变化，塑料在环境中的扩散导致了令人心碎的景象。)以及文章第二段“Thentherecameadaydream:Canwecreatesomethi

ngthatwillconsumeit?(然后我做了一个白日梦：我们能创造出一些东西来消耗它吗？)”可知制造塑料的过程加剧了气候变化，塑料在环境中的扩散导致了令人心碎的景象。那么基于这种情况我们能不能创造

一些东西来消耗这些塑料呢？所以第一段是提供了背景知识。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Themorechallengingaspectwillbemakingenzymebreakdownonalargescalewithmixedplasticswaste.(“更具

有挑战性的方面将是如何利用混合塑料垃圾大规模分解酶。”)”可知对于科学家们来说更具挑战的方面在于让酶大量地分解这些混合塑料垃圾。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Thiswasnot

thefirstefforttosolvetheplasticpollutionproblem.(这不是研究者第一次通过努力去解决塑料污染问题。)”以及“InMarch2016,Japaneseresearchersfoundabacteriathatwoul

d“eat”theplasticuntilitturnedintosludge(泥浆).Lastyear,scientistsattheUniversityofEdinburghannouncedthatE.Coli,acommonbacterium,couldbeusedtochang

ePETintoakindofmaterial,whichmightbeabletobesafelyconsumedbyhumans.(2016年3月，日本研究人员发现了一种细菌，它会“吃掉”塑料，直到塑料变成污泥。去年，爱丁堡大学(UniversityofEdinb

urgh)的科学家宣布，大肠杆菌(E.Coli)——一种常见的细菌——可以用来将PET变成一种材料，这种材料可能可以被人类安全地食用。)”可知分解酶不是研究者们处理塑料问题的首例，所以此段列举两个成功的例子是为了介绍

一些类似的生物解决方法。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“JoannaSadler,abiotechnologyprofessorattheUniversityofEdinburgh,characterizedthenewenzyme

asthe“fastestenzymereportedtodate”intermsofthespeedofbreakingdowndifferentplastics.“Thismakesitaverypromisingtec

hnologicaldevelopmentinthefield,anddemonstratesthebetteradaptedusageofthisenzyme,”Sadlersaid.(爱丁堡大学（UniversityofEdinbu

rgh）生物技术教授JoannaSadler称，就分解不同塑料的速度而言，这种新酶是“迄今为止报道的最快的酶”。Sadler说：“这使它成为该领域非常有前途的技术发展，并展示了这种酶更好的适应性使用。)”可知Sad

ler把这种新型酶描述成迄今分解塑料最为快速的酶，所以Sadler的态度是乐观的。故选C项。DIthasbeenknownforsometimethatchildrenareabletolearnatbreathtakingspeed.Buthowd

oesitwork?That’swhatresearchershavenowfoundout.Usinganartificialintelligencetoolandaneye-trackerthattracksthemovementsofa

baby’seyes,scientistsfromtheThundersResearchInstituteforBrain,CognitionandBehaviorinvestigatedoneofchildren’sgreatestmysteriesandcametoasurp

risingconclusion.Itmayseemverydifferent,butbabiesarecertainlynotlyingaroundrandomly.“Babiesdon’texploretheworldbychance,withtheireyesfall

ingonit.Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformat

ionfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimplyrej

ectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect.”saysDrFrancescoPoli.Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdoesababy

knowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?“Let’stakeagoodexample:learningtotalk.Whatweseeasalwaysisthatbabieswhoareabouttosaytheirfirstwordbegintoinvestigat

eafewweeksbeforehowtousetheirmouthstotalk.Insteadoflookingattheeyesinfaces,theystudycarefullyforweeksthemouthsofthepeoplewhotalkt

othem.Sotheyareinaconstantstateofmaximumlearningcapacity!”“Babiesbuildtheirknowledge.Theyarelikelittlescientistswhol

iketoseetheirideachallenged.Forexample,theylearnveryquicklythatobjectsfalldownanddon’tjustdisappear.Andthisiswhytheylovebubbles(泡沫)somuch:theydo

floatupandthendisappear!”12.Whatisthesurprisingconclusionaboutchildren?A.Theyexploretheworldpurposefully.B.Theyarea

ttractedtoallinformation.C.Theyarebreathtakinglyfastlearners.D.Theypossessexceptionalintelligence.13.Wh

atdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Studyingfurther.B.Observingtheworld.C.Learningstrategicall

y.D.Understandinginformation.14.Whycanbubblesfascinatebabiesgreatly?A.Theymakelittlescientists’lifecolorful.B.Theychallengebabies’existingcognition

.C.Theyprovewhatbabieshavejustlearned.D.Theyfloatupquicklyanddon’tjustdisappear.15.Whichwordcanbestdescribebabylearnersa

ccordingtotheauthor?A.Confidentandoptimistic.B.Observantandcapable.C.Consistentandpersistent.D.Dynam

icandresponsible.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一段时间以来，人们都知道儿童的学习速度惊人。但是它是如何工作的呢?研究人员使用人工智能工具和跟踪婴儿眼睛运动的眼球追

踪器调查了儿童的学习速度惊人这一谜团，并得出了令人惊讶的结论。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Itmayseemverydifferent,butbabiesarecertainlynotlyingarou

ndrandomly.Babiesdon’texploretheworldbychance,withtheireyesfallingonit.Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.(这可能看起来非常

不同，但婴儿肯定不是随意躺着。婴儿探索世界不是偶然的，他们的眼睛落在上面。如果婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。”)”可知婴儿在理解世界的时候会使用策略，他们会观察物体寻找有用的信息，拒绝对他们无用的东西。由此可知，婴儿是有

目的地探索世界这个发现让人惊讶。故选A项。的【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatall

owthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearn

nothingfurther,theysimplyrejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect,saysDrFrancescoPoli.(如果婴儿想要了解这个世界，他们会有自己的策略。首先，他们寻找那些能让他们更快更有效

地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息。FrancescoPoli博士说)”以及文章第三段“Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdoe

sababyknowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?(即使对婴儿来说，这听起来容易做起来难。但是婴儿怎么知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的?)”可知，此处的That指代的应该是有策略地学习。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章

第五段““Babiesbuildtheirknowledge.Theyarelikelittlescientistswholiketoseetheirideachallenged.Forexample,theylearn

veryquicklythatobjectsfalldownanddon’tjustdisappear.Andthisiswhytheylovebubbles(泡沫)somuch:theydofloatupandthendisappear!”(“婴儿逐渐增进他们的知识。他们就像小科学家，喜欢看到自

己的想法受到挑战。例如，它们很快就知道物体会掉下来，而不是凭空消失。这就是为什么他们如此喜欢泡沫：它们确实会起浮来，然后消失!”)”可知，在婴儿的认知世界里物体是掉下来，而不是凭空消失，但是泡泡却是浮起来然后就消失了，这和他们已有的认知是不一样的，所以泡泡的特点对他们已有的

认知形成了挑战，让他们很感兴趣。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“First,theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreeffic

iently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimplyrejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultot

hem,theyselect.(首先，他们寻找那些能让他们更快更有效地理解其他信息的信息片段。相反，如果他们看到一个他们无法进一步了解的物体或事件，他们就会直接拒绝它。他们只选择对他们有用的信息)”以及文章第四段

“Insteadoflookingattheeyesinfaces,theystudycarefullyforweeksthemouthsofthepeoplewhotalktothem.Sotheyareinaconstantstateofmaximumlearningcapacity!

(他们不是看脸上的眼睛，而是仔细研究与他们交谈的人的嘴巴。所以他们一直处于最大学习能力的状态!)”以及全文内容可知，婴儿善于观察且具有极强的学习能力。故选B项。14.【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底联考】CNoisybrothersorsisters?Loudconstr

uctionrightoutsideyourwindow?Aflexiblenewloudspeakercouldhelpyouresteasy.Itcouldsomedayturnyourwallsintonoise-cancelingsystems.Andwhenyou’rereadytoli

venthingsup,usethesamewallpaper—orthesurfacesofotherordinaryobjectsinyourroom—toplaymusic.Thenewloudspeakerissuperthin—aboutasthickasafewshe

etsofpaper.It’slightweightandflexibleenoughtosticktomostsurfaces.Andyoucanmakeitbig,asinwall-sized,notesJinchiHan.He’sanelectricalengineerattheM

assachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinCambridge.Lotsofdome-shaped(圆顶状)microstructurescoverthesurfaceofthespeaker.Ther

esearchersstartwithathin,flatsheetofsomematerial.Thentheyusepressuretopullthatmaterialthroughopening

stocreatethedomeshapes.Whensqueezed,thematerialtheyusecreatesanelectriccharge.Butapplyinganelectricfieldacrossthematerialwillalsocausethe

domestoexpandandcontract,Hanexplains.Thatcangeneratesound.Hanpointstoanotherbenefitofthistech.Largee

xpansesofthenewmaterialcouldmakecontrollingnoisealoteasier.Noise-cancelingsystemsalreadyexist.Butwhe

theritworksforalistenerdependsonwherethatlistener’searsareinrelationtotheapproachingsoundwaves.Tryingtocancelnoiset

hiswayeverywhereinsidearoomwouldbetrickyHanpointsout.Itwouldtakelotsofmicrophonesandspeakers,whichcanbeexpensive.Here,eachdomeworksasat

inyspeaker.Thedomescangeneratesoundwavesingroupsorindividually.Wallpaperingyourbedroomwiththismaterialwouldcreatespeakersallaroundyou.Thos

esamespeakersalsocouldcancelunwantedsound.Whendesired,youcouldturnanyspaceinto“aquietzonewhereyoucouldsleeporstudywithouttoomuchnoise,”Hansays.He

alsoseesapplicationsincars,airplanes,apartmentsoranywhereunwantednoiseisaproblem.8Whatisthenewfeatur

eoftheloudspeaker?A.Itisverybiginsize.B.Itismadeofakindofpaper.C.Itcanproducehighqualitysound.,.D.Itcansticktomo

stobjectseasily.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Whatthespeakerlookslike.B.Howthesoundisproduced.C.Howthedomesarecreated.D

.Whatfunctionsthedomeshave.10.Whatdecidestheeffectoftheoldnoise-cancelingsystems?A.Thenumberofdomesintheloudspeakers.B.Thelengthof

theapproachingsoundwaves.C.Thedistancebetweenearsandsoundwaves.D.Thefrequencyofthenewlyproducedwaves.11.Whichwordcanbeusedto

describethistechnology?A.Popular.B.Promising.C.Complex.D.Expensive.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要

介绍了一种新型的超薄扬声器，这种扬声器未来也许可以把墙壁变成降噪系统。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thenewloudspeakerissuperthin—aboutasthickasafewsheetsofpaper.It’slightweightandflexiblee

noughtosticktomostsurfaces.(这个新的扬声器非常薄，大约和几张纸一样厚。它重量轻，也足够灵活，可以粘在大多数表面上)”可知，这种新的扬声器非常薄，可以粘贴在大多数物品的表面。故选D。2.主旨大意

题。根据第三段内容“Lotsofdome-shaped(圆顶状)microstructurescoverthesurfaceofthespeaker.Theresearchersstartwithathin,flatsheetofsomematerial.Thentheyusepressureto

pullthatmaterialthroughopeningstocreatethedomeshapes.Whensqueezed,thematerialtheyusecreatesanelectriccharge.Butapp

lyinganelectricfieldacrossthematerialwillalsocausethedomestoexpandandcontract,Hanexplains.Thatcangenerateso

und.(许多圆顶状的微结构覆盖在扬声器的表面。研究人员从一种薄而平的材料开始。然后他们用压力通过开口拉扯材料形成圆顶形状。当被挤压时，它们使用的材料会产生电荷。但是在材料上施加电场也会导致圆顶的膨胀和收

缩，Han解释道。那可以产生声音)”可知，本段介绍了这种新型扬声器是如何产生声音的，故选B。3.细节理解题。根据第四段末句“Butwhetheritworksforalistenerdependsonwher

ethatlistener’searsareinrelationtotheapproachingsoundwaves.(但它是否对听者有效取决于听者的耳朵与接近的声波的关系)”可知，影响旧技术除噪效果的是听者的耳朵相对于声波的位置。故

选C。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Here,eachdomeworksasatinyspeaker.Thedomescangeneratesoundwavesingroupsorindividually.Wallpaperingy

ourbedroomwiththismaterialwouldcreatespeakersallaroundyou.Thosesamespeakersalsocouldcancelunwantedsound

.Whendesired,youcouldturnanyspaceinto“aquietzonewhereyoucouldsleeporstudywithouttoomuchnoise,”Hansays.Hea

lsoseesapplicationsincars,airplanes,apartmentsoranywhereunwantednoiseisaproblem.(在这里，每个圆顶就像一个小扬声器。圆顶可以组合或单独产生声波。用这种

材料给你的卧室贴上壁纸，就会在你周围创造出扬声器。这些扬声器还可以消除不必要的声音。只要你愿意，你可以把任何空间变成“一个安静的区域，在那里你可以睡觉或学习，没有太多的噪音，”韩说。他还看到了在汽车、飞机、公寓或任何不需要噪音的地方

的应用)”可知，这种扬声器可以创造安静区域，没有太多噪音，可以应用到汽车，飞机，公寓和任何不需要噪音的地方。因此推断，这种扬声器未来前景很好。故选B。DWanttohelpbutterflies?Anewstudy

suggeststurningoffthelights.Lightpollutionatnightcandisturbitsabilitiestorecognizedirections,researche

rshavefound.Artificiallightcandisrupttheircircadian(昼夜)rhythmsandaffecttheirsenseofdirections.Thatcanmakethebutt

erfliesdisorientedwhentheytrytoflythenextday.“Darknessisimportanttobutterfliessincetheinternalcircadianclockofbutterfliesfu

nctionsnormallywhentheyareexposedtonaturalday-nightlightingcycles,”studyauthorPatrickGuerra,anassistantprofessorattheUnive

rsityofCincinnati,tellsTreehugger.Monarchbutterfliesmigrate(迁徙)bythemillionseachyear,makingthetripfromnorthernareasofthecontinenttoCali

forniaandMexicoandback.Becausemostbutterfliesonlyliveforafewweekstoafewmonths,ittakesseveralgenerationsofbutterflies

tocompletethemigration.Buttoomuchlightatthewrongtimecanurgethebutterfliestotakeoffwhentheyshouldberestinginsteadforthe

irvoyage.“Asmonarchbutterfliesareathreatenedspecieswiththeirpopulationnumbersindecline,wewantedtoseewhattypesofenvironmentalstressmightbelinkedto

theirdecline,”Guerrasays.Fortheirstudy,researchersconductedlabstudieswheretheyreproducedtheeffectsofartificiallightpollution

withbutterfliesusingaflightsimulator(模拟器).Theyfirsttestedifmonarchstreatedasingle,artificiallightsou

rceasifitweretheactualsunduringtheday.Oncetheyestablishedwhattheydid,theythentestedhowthemonarchswouldbehavewhenexposedtothissameartific

iallightsourceduringtheirnight.Butterfliesstayedquietandunmovingwhentheywerefirstplacedintheflightsimulatorinthedark.Butassoonasscientiststurnedont

helight,theystartedflying.Thelightmadethembelievethatnightwasdayandthiscancausethemtoflylongeratnightorstartflyingtooearly.“Thesefindingsdemonstrat

ehowurbanizationcannegativelyaffectimportantbiologicalphenomena,andthereforeallowustounderstandhowhumanactivityimpactstherestofnature,”Gu

errasays.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disoriented”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Dieoff.C.Feelsleepy.D.Getlost.13.Whatdidtheresearchers

wanttofindoutinthestudy?A.Whythemonarchbutterfliesmigrate.B.Whatreducedthenumberofmonarchbutterflies.C.Whydarknessisimpo

rtanttomonarchbutterflies.D.Howmonarchbutterfliesadapttotheenvironment.14.Whatmightbeusedintheexperiment?A.Aflashlight.B.Thesun.C.Themoon.D.Ac

lock.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NaturalLightIsImportanttoInsectsB.MonarchButterfliesAreinGreatDangerC

.ButterfliesReactActivelytoAirPollutionD.LightPollutionCanAffectButterflyMigration【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了光污染对黑脉金斑蝶产生的影

响，实验表明光污染会扰乱黑脉金斑蝶的昼夜规律，干扰其识别方向的能力，从而造成蝴蝶数量的减少。【详解】1.词句猜测题。that指代上文提到的“Lightpollutionatnightcandisturbitsabilitiestorecognizedirections,research

ershavefound.Artificiallightcandisrupttheircircadian(昼夜)rhythmsandaffecttheirsenseofdirections.(研究人员发现，夜间的光污染会干扰其识别方向的能力。人工光会扰乱它们的昼夜规律

，并影响它们的方向感)”可知，灯光会干扰蝴蝶的昼夜规律，干扰它们识别方向的能力，由此判断这可能会让蝴蝶在第二天努力飞行时迷失方向。故划线词词意为“迷路”。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第五段中“Asmo

narchbutterfliesareathreatenedspecieswiththeirpopulationnumbersindecline,wewantedtoseewhattypesofenvironment

alstressmightbelinkedtotheirdecline(由于黑脉金斑蝶是一种种群数量下降的濒危物种，我们想看看什么类型的环境压力可能与它们的减少有关)”可知，研究的目的是想知道哪种环境压力造成了黑脉金斑蝶数量的下降。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据

第七段首句“Theyfirsttestedifmonarchstreatedasingle,artificiallightsourceasifitweretheactualsunduringtheday.(他们首先测

试了黑脉金斑蝶蝶是否会在白天把一个单一的人工光源当作真正的太阳来处理)”可知，研究人员首先测试了黑脉金斑蝶是否会将单一的人造光源当作白天的真正太阳，由此推断实验中有可能会用到手电筒。故选A。4.主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Lightp

ollutionatnightcandisturbitsabilitiestorecognizedirections,researchershavefound.Artificiallightcandis

rupttheircircadian(昼夜)rhythmsandaffecttheirsenseofdirections.(研究人员发现，夜间的光污染会干扰其识别方向的能力。人工光会扰乱它们的昼夜规律，并影响它们的方向感)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家所做

的一项实验，实验表明光污染会对黑脉金斑蝶识别方向的能力造成影响，从而影响蝴蝶的迁徙。因此推断D项“光污染会影响蝴蝶的迁徙”为最佳标题。故选D。15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】CWehumansrelyonas

eriesofsignstorecognizeourfriends,suchastheirsmiles,theirvoices,orthewaytheywalk.Biologistshaveknownforseveraldecadesthatdolphinsformcl

osefriendships,andthatthecetaceans(鲸类)identifyfriendsbytheiruniquewhistles.Nownewsurprisingresearchsuggestsbottlenosedo

lphinsusetheirsenseoftastetorecognizetheirfriendsfromunrelateddolphinsthroughtheirurine(小便).StudyleaderJasonBruck,amarinebiolog

istatStephenF.AustinStateUniversityinTexas,didn’tsetouttotestwhetherbottlenosedolphinscouldidentifyeachotherthroughtheirurine.Hisori

ginalgoalwastotestwhetherdolphinsusetheirsignaturewhistlesinthesamewaypeoplerelyonnames.Buttodothat,heneededasecondwayfordolphin

stoidentifyeachother.Tofindoutifdolphinscouldassociateawhistlewithaspecificdolphin,Bruckturnedtoanunlikelysubstance:urine.Ascientisthadpreviousl

yobservedwilddolphinspurposefullyswimmingthroughurine,leadingBrucktosuspecttheyweregatheringinformationfromit.“Itwasashotinthedark,”saysBruck,who

sestudywaspublishedthisweekinthejournalScienceAdvances.“AndIwasnotexpectingittowork,tobehonest.”Inexperimentsusingcage

ddolphins,theteamdiscoveredthatdolphinspaidmoreattentiontotheirfriends’urineandwhistles,suggestingtheyknewtheanimalsthatissuedt

hem,hesays.Thefindingsarethefirststrongevidenceofananimalidentifyingothermembersofitsspeciesusingtaste.Theyalsoshowthatbyusingatleast

twosignstoidentifyindividuals,dolphinshaveacomplexunderstandingoftheirfamilyandfriends—muchashumansdo.8.WhydidBruckturntourine?A.Toshowthetype

sofwhistles.B.Tostudydolphins’swimmingstyles.C.Totestdolphins’abilityofrecognition.D.Toprotectdolphins’livingconditi

ons.9.WhatdoesBruckthinkofhisstudy?A.Itisbeyonddescription.B.Itisbeyondhisexpectation.C.Itmatcheshisprediction.

D.Itgoesagainstpreviousobservation.10.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Dolphinscanidentifytheirfriendsbytaste.B.Dolphinsshowdeeplo

vefortheirfriendsC.Cetaceanscontributemuchtomodernscience.D.Cetaceanshavemuchincommonwithhumans.11.Whatisthetext?A.A

shortstory.B.Abookreview.C.Abiologist’sstory.D.Asciencereport.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究首次表明海豚可以通过味道识别朋友。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二

段“StudyleaderJasonBruck,amarinebiologistatStephenF.AustinStateUniversityinTexas,didn’tsetouttotestwhetherbottlenosedolphin

scouldidentifyeachotherthroughtheirurine.Hisoriginalgoalwastotestwhetherdolphinsusetheirsignaturewhistlesin

thesamewaypeoplerelyonnames.Buttodothat,heneededasecondwayfordolphinstoidentifyeachother.(该研究的负责人JasonBruck是德克萨斯州斯蒂芬

·F·奥斯汀州立大学的海洋生物学家，他并没有着手测试宽吻海豚是否能够通过尿液识别彼此。他最初的目标是测试海豚是否像人类使用名字一样使用它们的标志性哨声。但要做到这一点，他需要第二种方法来让海豚识别彼此。)”第三段“Tofindoutifdolphinscouldasso

ciateawhistlewithaspecificdolphin,Bruckturnedtoanunlikelysubstance:urine.(为了研究海豚是否能将哨声与特定的海豚联系起来，Bruck研究了一种不太可能的物质：尿液。)”可知，Bru

ck研究转向尿液是为了测试海豚的识别能力。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““Itwasashotinthedark,”saysBruck,whosestudywaspublishedthisweekinthejournalScienceAdvances.“And

Iwasnotexpectingittowork,tobehonest.”(“这是瞎猜，”Bruck说，他的研究发表在本周的《科学进展》杂志上。“说实话，我也没指望它能成功。”)”可推断，Bruck的研究出乎他的意料。故选B。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据

第一段“Nownewsurprisingresearchsuggestsbottlenosedolphinsusetheirsenseoftastetorecognizetheirfriendsfromunrelate

ddolphinsthroughtheirurine.(现在，一项新的令人惊讶的研究表明，宽吻海豚利用它们的味觉，通过它们的尿液来识别它们的朋友和不相关的海豚。)”和最后一段“Thefindingsarethefirststro

ngevidenceofananimalidentifyingothermembersofitsspeciesusingtaste.(这一发现是第一个有力的证据，证明动物可以通过味觉识别同类。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍研究首次表明海豚可以通过味道识别朋友。故选A。【

11题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““Itwasashotinthedark,”saysBruck,whosestudywaspublishedthisweekinthejournalScienceAdvances.“AndIwasnotexpectingittowork,

tobehonest.”(“这是瞎猜，”Bruck说，他的研究发表在本周的《科学进展》杂志上。“说实话，我也没指望它能成功。”)”及全文可推断，本文是一篇科学研究，属于科学报告。故选D。DChildrenaremorelike

lytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturaltohuman-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.Resea

rchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuic

eandtoldoftheirorigins.Inonestudy,137childrenaged6to10yearsoldwereshownthreeapples.Theyweretoldonewasgrownonafarm,onewasmadeinalab,anda

nothergrownonatreeinsidealab.Adultstookpartinthesamestudytocompareagegroups.Bothchildrenandadultspreferredapplestheybelievedweregrown

onfarmstothosegrowninlabs,researchersfound.Childrenweremorelikelytorefertofreshness,beingoutside,orsunlightw

henconsideringwhytheychosethefarmapple.Adultsweremorelikelytomentionnaturalness.Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsold

andagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice—onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinfo

rmationaboutit,onewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.Researchersfoundthattheinformationont

hejuice’snaturalnesshadasignificanteffectonitsrating.Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedonperceivedtaste,safetyan

ddesiretoconsume.DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh’sSchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciencessaid,“Overallweprovideevidencethat

ourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,inc

ludingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”12.Howdidresearchersdrawtheirconclusion?A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byan

alyzingreasons.C.Bytestingchildren’stastes.D.Bystudyingdifferentfruits.13.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesmentio

nedinthetext?A.Adultspreferapplestoorangejuice.B.Chemicalsdoharmtoeaters’health.C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.D.Labsarewherefruitsca

nbeeasilyplanted.14.What’sDrWilks’attitudetowardthestudy?A.Doubtful.B.Tolerant.C.Uncaring.D.Positive.15.Whic

hcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhichtoChoose,ApplesorOrangeJuice?B.WheretoGrowFruits,onFarmsorinLab

s?C.NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildrenD.DifferentAgeGroupsShowDifferentPreferences【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一

篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，孩子们更有可能喜欢天然的食物，而不是人造的食品。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYa

lestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.(爱丁

堡大学和耶鲁大学的研究人员研究了美国374名成年人和儿童在被告知苹果和橙汁的来源时的偏好。)”以及第三段和第四段内容可知，研究人员通过做实验得出结论的。故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7y

earsoldandagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice—onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewit

hnoinformationaboutit,onewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.(在第二项研究中，85名5至7岁的儿童和一组64名成年人被展示了四种不同的橙汁——一种描述为在农

场榨取的橙汁，一种没有相关信息，一种不含化学物质，还有一种描述为添加了化学物质。)”和“Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedonperceivedtaste,safetyandde

siretoconsume.(参与者倾向于根据感知到的味道、安全性和消费欲望选择更自然的选项。)”可推断，化学物质对食客的健康有害。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh’s

SchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciencessaid,“Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernatura

lfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,inc

ludingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”(爱丁堡大学哲学、心理学和语言科学学院

的马蒂·威尔克斯博士说：“总的来说，我们提供的证据表明，我们在童年时期就有偏爱天然食物的倾向。”这项研究为理解这些偏好是如何形成的迈出了第一步，包括它们是否来自社会学习，以及是什么驱使我们倾向于偏好自然事物

。”)”可推断，威尔克斯博士对这项研究的态度是积极的。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturaltohuman-madeoptions,ratingthemhigh

erfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.(一项研究显示，孩子们更有可能喜欢他们认为是天然的食物，而不是人造的选择，在味道、安全性和吸引力方面给它们的评分更高。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现，孩子们更有可能喜欢天然的

食物，而不是人造的食品。所以“NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildren(天然食物更让孩子垂涎三尺)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。