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专题07阅读理解说明文、议论文一、2022年高考真题1.（2022年全国甲卷）Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshown

tohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdsh

aveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfron

toftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Inse

rtingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearo

fage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytor

ecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatoos

wereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeys

insimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year

-oldbabies.Thenextstepaccordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),or

alsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusing

atool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothe

text?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.26.Whatdoesthefollow-upt

estaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasens

eoftouchinthetest.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:Indepen

dentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters2.（2022年全国甲卷）Sometimeintheearly1960s,asigni

ficantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofth

ingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,ac

heerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.I,spentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrew

shutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidaswe

parted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andth

ey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyr

are.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneyswepta

sidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhe

therwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Ontheotherha

nd,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“

Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,bro

ught2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynam

ismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.32.Whatist

hefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment.

D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanew

life.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupi

tsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagr

eewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisus

uallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.3.（2022年全国乙卷）Canasmallgroupof

drones（无人机）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuros

eachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksand

infrastructure（基础设施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesameth

ingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytrac

ksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperforma

ncewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesav

ingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaint

enance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesa

ssistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfault

sintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingov

erhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysm

alldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,s

othatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.The

useofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperforma

nceinremoteareas.29.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspect

ionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toea

rnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFau

ltsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutur

eofRailways4.（2022年全国乙卷）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredic

teditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrin

kscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday

'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtoma

ke£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisex

pectedtogenerate£240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugar

levelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanu

facturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitre

ofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugar

taxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksa

refreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoon

egovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设

施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustr

yisplayingitspart.32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourage

researchineducation.33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.They

cutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B

.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision

.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.3.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷)Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m

”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-ye

arstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thesc

holarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowate

amofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.The

ydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedby

touchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbite

wasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tg

rowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withthe

useof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyh

unter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolve

daround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugev

arietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidS

tevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocus

on?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstop

roducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswe

renotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Suppor

tingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasona

bledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtocultu

raldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.二、2022届模拟题Passage1（2022·河南·模拟预测）TheUSspaceagencyN

ASAhasrevealedanastonishingpicturerevealingnewsecretsoftheEarth’shomegalaxy(星系),theMilkyWay.Thesunisjustoneof

hundredsofbillionsofstarsthatformthehugeshapeofourgalaxy.Oursolarsystemsitsinanoutlyingregionbutthenewimagefocus

esonthecentreoftheMilkyWay,a“noisy”areabecauseofallthecrowdedstars.Lightfromthisregiontakesabout26,000yearst

oreachEarth.Forcomparison,lighttakesjusteightminutestoreachusfromthesun.Theresearchersusethedatacollectedbytwotelescopesthatseetheskyinwaysthatarev

erydifferentfromthevisiblelightoureyescanseetoformthenewimage.Mostofthedatacomesfrom370differentpicturestakenoverthepast20yearsbyNASA’sCha

ndraXObservatory.ThissatellitetelescopedetectsX-raysoutinspace.X-raysareafromofradiationthatissentoutwhenviolenteventsheatmattertotemperatures

ofmillionsofdegrees.OtherdatacomesfromtheMeerKATtelescopeinSouthAfrica,whichcandetectradiowavesfromspace.ThesewaveshavemuchlessenergythanX

-rays.Theyareusuallyproducedbycoolermaterial,suchashugecloudsofgasbetweenthestars.Thebrightestsourcesincluden

eutronstarswhicharethecoresofhugestarsthatranoutoffuelandcollapsedtocity-sizedballsofsuperhotmatter.Many

neutronstarsandblackholesjetoutgasesthatappearinthepictureaspurplestreaks(斑纹).Powerfulmagneticfieldsintheareacausethejetstobendastheygetfurtherf

romtheirsource.AstronomerDrDanielWang,whohasworkedontheimageoverthepastyear,saidthenewpicturedescribed“av

iolentorenergeticecosystem”.1．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMilkyWay?A．Thecenterofitremainsunknown.B．Thesunisn’tlocatedinthecentero

fit.C．Itscenterisverypeaceful.D．Itscenterfeaturesfewerstars.2．What’sparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thecollectionofspacedata.B．Thefunct

ionoftheMeerKATtelescope.C．Thedifferencesofspacewaves.D．Theformationofthenewimage.3．Whatcanweknowaboutthegasesjettedoutbytheblackhole?A．The

ywillabsorbsurroundingmaterials.B．Theywillformsuperbigmatter.C．Theygetbentifawayfromtheirsource.D．Theyarelikelytoexplodewhen

superheated.4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．Ourgalaxy’sviolentheartB．AnattempttotravelinouterspaceC．Radiowavesfromou

terspaceD．Stars’purplestreaksPassage2（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）Haveahardtimewakingupwhenit’scoldout?Scientistssayyourbrainistoblame.Astudyconducted

byscientistsfromNorthwesternUniversitymadeitpossibletooffersomeexplanationsforthisphenomenon.Theirstudyonfruitfliesshowshowse

asonallycoldanddarkconditionscanprohibitneuronswithintheflybrainthatpromoteactivityandwakefulnessfromsendingoutsignals,particularlyinthemornin

g.Ithelpsexplainswhy,forbothfliesandhumans,itissohardtowakeupinthemorninginwinter.“Bystudyingbehaviorsinafruitfly,wecanbet

terunderstandhowandwhytemperatureissovitaltoregulatesleep,”saidMarcoGallio,associateprofessorofneurobiologyintheWein

bergCollegeofArtsandSciences.Thestudydescribesforthefirsttime“absolutecold”receptorsintheflyantenna,whichrespondtotemperatureonlybelowthef

ly’s“comfortzone”ofabout25°C．Havingrecognizedthoseneurons,theresearchersfollowedthemallthewaytotheirtargetswithinthebrain.Theyfoundtheirtarge

tsareasmallgroupofbrainneuronsthatarepartofalargernetworkthatcontrolsrhythmsofactivityandsleep.Whentheneuronstheydiscoveredareactive,

thetargetcells,whichnormallyaremadeactivebymorninglight,areshutdown.“Temperaturesensingisoneofthemostfundamentalabilities,”saidGallio,whosegroupiso

neofonlyafewintheworldthataresystematicallystudyingtemperaturesensinginfruitflies.“Theprincipleswearefindingintheflyb

rain,thelogicandorganization,maybethesameallthewaytohumans.Andfuturestudiesonhumanbrainwillsurelyfindsomereferenceinformatio

ninthisstudy.”5．Whyisithardforfliestowakeupincoldmornings?A．Coldconditionsdisabletheantennasofflies.B．Flicshavefewerneuronsintheb

rainthanhumans.C．Coldnessstopsflies’neuronsfromfunctioningwell.D．Flies’neuronscontrollingwakefulnessaredamaged.6．

Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itfocusesmainlyonhowflybrainswork.B．Ithelpsexplainhowtemperatureaffectssleep.C．Itaimsatsolvinghuman

s’sleepingproblems.D．Itshowsthesimilaritiesbetweenflybrainsandhumanbrains.7．Whichpartofafruitflywillbemadeactivewhenitiscold?A．Itsantenna.B．

Itstargetcells.C．Its“absolutecold”receptors.D．Itsnetworkcontrollingsleep.8．What’sGallio’sattitudetowardsthepract

icalvalueofthefindings?A．Positive.B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous.D．Disappointed.Passage3（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）NewYork-basedEcovativehas

beencreatingenvironmentallyfriendlypackagingmadefrommushroomsandagriculturalwastesince2009.Now,thecompanywantstobringtheiramazi

ngmaterialintohomesandofficeswithanewlineofcompostable(可堆肥的)furnishingsthataregrownusingjustthreematerials:mycelium(th

evegetativepartofmushrooms),hemp(麻类植物),andsalt.Whilecreatinghardmaterialfrommushroomsmightsoundmagical,thecompany’sCEOEbe

nBayersaysitisarelativelylow-techprocessandcomparesitto“makingbread”.Thecompanybeginsbyaddingafewmyceliumcellstodamphempor

otheragriculturalwaste.Themyceliumthatgrowslikelittlehairsisallowedtotwistwiththewasteuntileverythingis”glued“togethe

r.Thecombinationisthenmixedagainandplacedintothedesiredmold(模具)whereitcontinuestogrowandharden.Theresultingmaterialisthenbakedi

ntheoven.Inadditiontomakingitasstrongaswood,theheatalsokillsthemycelium,thusgivingthecompostablematerialasimilarshelflifetowood.Also

,thoughthetabletopsofthestylishTaflandKing’stablesreleasedattherecentlyheldBiofabricate2016conferenceinNewYorkCityresemblemarble,

theyarefarfromit.TheperfectlycarvedblocksaremadeofamaterialgrownbyaNorthCarolina-basedcompanynamedbioMASONusi

nggrainsofsandsandbacteria.Asyouhaveprobablyguessed,thiswaste-freefurnituredoesnotcomecheap.Customerscanexpecttopayanywhe

refrom$249USDfortheTaflto$699USDfortheKing’stable,bothofwhichareonlyavailableinlimitedquantities.Thosethatcannotaffordthosepricesc

anchoosecheaperGIY(growityourself)onesmadeofvariousproductsrangingfromChristmastreedecorationstolampshades.9．WhydidEbencompa

remakinghardmaterialstomakingbread?A．Theirrawmaterialsarethesame.B．Theirproductappearancesarealike.C．Theirproductionproce

ssesaresimple.D．Theirproductioncostsarerelativelylow.10．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Themethodofmaking

mushroomshard.B．Howtomakemushroomfurniturematerials.C．Whatareneededtomakemushroomfurniture.D．Thedifficultiesofmakingmushroomfurniture.11．Whatcanwel

earnaboutTaflandKing’stables?A．Theyareinlimitedsupply.B．TheyareofferedinGIYforms.C．Theyconsistmainlyofmarble.D．TheyaredesignedbybioMASON

.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheInventionofNewKindsofFurnitureB．TheFirstSaleofFurnitureMadeofMushroomsC．ScientistsFoundNewMaterialtoMa

keFurnitureD．FutureFurnitureMayBeGrownfromMushroomsPassage4（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）Insteadofahumandeliveryman,Beijingresi

dentXiaoWeireceivedhisonlineorderfordailynecessitiesinlessthan30minutesfromanunmanneddeliveryvehicle.Thefour-wheeledvehiclenamed“ma

gicbag”is1.56metershigh,2.77meterslong,and1.19meterswide.Weighing500kg,itcancarryabout100kgofgoodsatatimeandrunadistanceof100kmonasinglechargewith

amaximumtravelingspeedof20kph.AftercustomersplaceordersontheMeituanapp,anintelligentdistributionsystemwillassignorderstothoseautonomousvehi

cles,whichwillpickupanddelivergoodstopick-upstationsatthefinaldestinations.Customerscancollectthedeliveryfromthestationswith

outanyhumancontactduringthewholeprocess,saidMeituanDianping,China’smajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform.“Icancheckthereal-tim

erouteofthedriverlessvehicle.Itisfast,convenientandsafeaswell,”saidXiao.“ThisisalsothefirsttimethatM

eituanhasusedunmannedvehiclestocompletedeliveryordersonopenroads.”Meanwhile,accordingtoMeituan,dailysalesonitsretailgroceryservic

eapphaveincreasedby200to300percentinBeijingcomparedtofiguresfrombeforetheepidemic.Thecatering（餐饮）chainbrandXiaohengDumplingsh

ascooperatedwithanunmannedvehicleenterprisetopilotunmannedvehicledeliveryservicesinBeijing.LiHeng,thefounderofXia

ohengDumplings,believesunmanneddeliveryisthefutureoftheindustryasitiscleaner,saferandmoreefficient.“Anunma

nnedvehiclecandeliver300to400mealsaday,whileadeliverymancanonlydeliverdozensofmeals,”Lisaid.Xiaoheng’sunmannedvehicleshaveaheatpres

ervationfunction.Anewtypeofvehiclewithafreezingfunctionwillbeintroducedinthefuturetodeliverfrozenfood.MeituanandXia

ohengwillcontinuetheunmanneddeliveryserviceinthefuture.Morevarietiesofgoods,includingfood,medicine,anddailyn

ecessities,willbeaddedtosuchdeliveryservices.13．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Theoriginofdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.B．Theintroductionofdriver

lessdeliveryvehicles.C．Thereasonforusingdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.D．Thebackgroundofcreatingdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.14．

Whatarecustomersrequiredtodotoplaceorders?A．Contactthefooddeliveryplatform.B．Collectgroceriesatthepick-upstation.

C．DownloadaMeituanapp.D．Trackthereal-timerouteofthevehicle.15．WhatisLiHeng’sattitudetowardsunmanneddeliveryvehicles?A．Favorable.B．Suspicious.C．C

autious.D．Indifferent.16．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Driverlessvehicleshavebeeninoperationinmanycities.B．Moretypesofgoodswillbedeliveredbydrive

rlessvehicles.C．Driverlessvehiclescanhandgoodstothecustomersdirectly.D．Meituanisexperiencingahugelaborshortageofdelivering.Pa

ssage5（2022·福建厦门·模拟预测）Ourplanetishometomanyradioactivesubstances-notjustinisgeologicinnardsbutalsoinitshospitals,atitsindustrialsitesandinitsfoodp

rocessingplants.InColorado,forinstance,27buildingshousescary-soundingchemicalelementssuchascesium137andc

obalt60.Thesematerialsarenotthereforriskypurposes,though.Theyplayapartincancertreatment,bloodirradiation,medicalandfoodsteril

ization,structureandequipmenttesting,geologicexploration,etc.Theradioactivematerialisnotalwaysbadinablackand-whiteway:itcanbeausefultool

.Theraysgivenoffbycesiumandcobaltcankillgermsmultiplyinginyourmeatandmakeyourappleslastlonger.Radiographicinstrum

entscandetect,say,cracksinacity’spipesinasimilarwaytoanx-raypickingupahairlinefractureinyourknee.Apracticecalled“welllog

ging”usessealedradioactivesourcestomapthegeologyofholesoilseekersdrillintotheearth.Andofcourse,radiationiskeytocancertreatment.Theri

skarisesbecausethesameradioactivematerialthatisbeneficialcouldalsobestolenormisplacedandfinditswayinto

traffickingringsordirtybombs.Itmightalsobarnworkersifsomethingaccidentallygoeswrongduringanormalnine-to-fiveday.In2017alone,accordingtoa

reportfromtheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudies,therewere171“incidentsofnuclearorotherradioactivematerialsoutsideofregulatoryc

ontrol”basedonopensourcereports,104ofwhichhappenedintheU.S.AninitiativecalledRadSecure100waslaunchedtoremoveandbettersecureenergeticmaterialin1

00U.S.cities.“Whereisthemosthigh-riskmateriallocatedaroundthemostpeople?”saysEmilyAdams,deputydirectorofadome

sticprogramintheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.“Andthat’showwegotour100.”17．Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinparagraph1?A．Radioactivesubstan

cescanwarmourplanet.B．Foodprocessingdoesharmtoworkersinplants.C．Theradioactivematerialisbasicallyeverywhere.D．It’sha

rdtoremovescary-soundingelementsinbuildings.18．Whydoestheauthormention“welllogging”inparagraph2?A．Tomakeasummary.B．Toraiseaquestion

.C．Toprovideacontrast.D．Tosupportanidea.19．WhatisRadSecure100intendedfor?A．Makinguseofenergeticsubstances.B．Ensuringsafe

tyoftheradioactivematerial.C．Warningpeopleofthemosthigh-riskmaterialD．ProtectingtheOfficeofRadiologicalSecur

ity.20．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheradioactivematerial?A．Pessimistic.B．Objective.C．Disapproval.D．Carefree.Pas

sage6（2022·陕西·宝鸡中学模拟预测）Forthousandsofyears,mankindhasbredplantsandanimalstocreatemoredesiredandusefulplantsandanimals.Forinstance,moderncorn

hasbeenbredtosuchalargesizethatitisnolongerabletoreproducewithoutman’sassistance.Moderndairycowsproducetoomuchmilk;andiftheyarenotoftendrainedo

fmilk,theycouldleak,burst,becomeinfected,andpossiblydie.Furthermore,mostdomesticateddogscannotsurviveinthewildevenwithspec

ialtraining.Sincenaturalevolutionisextremelyslowandmankind’sselectivebreedingprogramsonlytakeafewgenerationstoproduce

acompletelynewspecies,naturalevolutionhasalreadytakenabackseattomankind’sbreedingprograms.Additionally,mankindhassuccessfullykilledoffseve

ralspeciesalltogether.Forinstance,therearenomoreEuropeanwolvesinexistenceandmammothsprobablybecameextinctbecauseofmankind.Evencertaindiseasesha

vebeenpermanentlyeradicated(根除)fromtheplanet,anddozensofotherdiseaseswillsoonfollow.Again,naturalevolutiondidnotcausemostextinctionduringhumanity’

sreign.Currently,scientistsarecreatingnewspecieswithdesiredcharacteristicsinthelabsignificantlyfasterthanevolutioncreatesnewsp

ecies.Inasinglegeneration,newspeciescanbeartificiallycreatedanddestroyed,whilenaturalevolutioncouldtakethousandsofyearstodothesamebuto

nlyhaphazardly(偶然地).Scientistsareevenabletoreplaceflawed(有缺陷的)ordamagedgeneswithdifferentgenesinanattempttocuregeneticdefects.Thisissomethin

gthatnaturalevolutioncouldpossiblynevercorrect.Eventuallyscientistswillbeabletoenhanceevenpeople.Forexample,imaginenoton

lycorrectingyoureyesightwithgenetherapy,butalsoensuringthatallofyourdescendantsdonotinherityouroldgenesofpooreyesightto.Scientistswillonedaybeab

letoenhancethememoryandintelligenceofyourchildren,sothattheywilldobetterinschoolandachievemoreinlife.

Doctorsandscientistswillbeabletocustomizebabiesbeforetheyarebornjustlikepickingoptionsatacardealership.Inthenearfuture

,naturalevolutioninthegeneticcodeofanyspeciescanbequicklyfixedifdesired.Asaresult,naturalevolutionisdoomed.21．FromParag

raph1welearnthat______.A．selectivebreedinghasimprovedallspeciesB．onlyselectivebreedingcanmakeupfornaturallossesC．moderncorncan’tabletoreproducei

tselfduetoselectivebreedingD．naturalevolutioncan’tdowithoutman’sassistance22．Theunderlinedword“backseat”inParagr

aph1probablymeans“______”.A．powerfulassistanceB．importantpartC．badfortuneD．secondaryposition23．Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A．Selectivebreedingispa

rtlybeneficialtohumans.B．Geneticdefectswon’tbeinheritedduetonaturalevolution.C．Naturalevolutioncan’tcreatenewspec

ies.D．Selectivebreedingcandeterminethesexofbabies.24．Theauthormainlywantstotellusthat______.A．selectivebreedi

ngwillcausetheextinctionofmanyspeciesB．naturalevolutionisalmostdeadwiththedevelopmentofselectivebreedin

gC．selectivebreedinghasarousedattentionfromallovertheworldD．naturalevolutionsurvivesstronglyalthoughitisindangerPassage7（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测）We

areaculturedrowninginourpossessions.Wetakeinmoreandmore(holiday,birthdays,sales,needs),butrarelyfindanopportunitytogetridofit.Asaresult

,ourhomesfillupwithsomuchstuff.Andbecausewebelievethebestsolutionistofindorganizationaltoolstomanageallofit,weseekoutbiggercontainersormoree

fficientorganizationaltipsandtricks.Butsimplyorganizingourstuffmustberepeatedoverandover.Atitsheart,organizingissimplyre

arranging.Andthoughwemayfindstoragesolutionstoday,wearequicklyforcedtofindnewonesasearlyastomorrow.Additionally,organizinghassome

othermajorshortcomingsthatarerarelyconsidered.Forexample,itdoesn’tbenefitanyoneelse.Thepossessionswerarel

yusesitonshelvesinourbasementsorgarages,evenwhilesomeofourclosestfriendsdesperatelyneedthem.Ontheotherhand,theactofgettingridofstufffromourh

omeaccomplishesmanypurposes.Itisnotatemporarysolution.Itisanactionofpermanence—onceanitemhasbeenremoved,itisremovedcompletely.Whether

were-sellourpossessions,donatethemtocharity,orgivethemtoafriend,theyareimmediatelyputtousebythosewhoneedthem.Removingpossessionsbeginstotu

rnbackourdesireformoreaswefindfreedomandhappinessinowningless.Andremovingourselvesfromtheall-consumingdesiretoownmorecreatesopportunitiesfo

rsignificantlifechangestotakeplace.Ifyou’restrugglingwithhowtogetridofstuff,youcanfirstchallengeyourselftoremovetheunneededthing

sinyourhome,carryatrashbagfromroom-to-room,seehowbigofadonationpileyoucanmake,andeveneliminatedebtbysellingwhatyouno

longerneed.Itdoesn’tmatterhowyouremovethem,foritisfarbettertoremovethantoalwaysorganize.25．Whatistheproble

mwithsimplyorganizingstuff?A．Fewtoolsandtricksareavailable.B．Itneedstoberepeatedveryoften.C．Peoplecannotsavem

oneybyorganizing.D．Desiretobuymoredisappearsbyorganizing.26．Howcanweremoveunnecessarypossessions?A．Byresel

lingthemtoothers.B．Bykeepingthemintrashbags.C．Bystoringtheminthegarage.D．Bypilingthemontheshelves.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”mean

inParagraph5?A．getridofB．getoverC．addtoD．takechargeof28．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplaintheadvantagesanddisad

vantagesoforganizingthings.B．Toinformreadersofthewaystogetridofunnecessarypossessions.C．Tocallforpeopletoremovestuffinsteadofjustor

ganizing.D．Toappealtopeopletomakedonationstopeopleinneed.获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com