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专题07阅读理解说明文、议论文一、2022年高考真题1.（2022年全国甲卷）Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabi

litiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepr

esentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefro

m.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyea

rofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinasp

ecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatoo

swereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbettert

hanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-y

ear-oldbabies.Thenextstepaccordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues

(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheex

periment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelyco

mpleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Grouping

toysofdifferentshapes.26.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyares

marterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorChecke

rsB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters2.（2022年全国甲卷）Sometimeintheearly196

0s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsort

ofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilo

tsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.I,spentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine

,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’

rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprog

ress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.

ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofi

tsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditi

onalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.Iconsideredthiswhe

nImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whent

heycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientc

ulturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingth

eywouldkeepthoseoldferries.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney

’sdevelopment.D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.

Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupi

tsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewit

h?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatth

ecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.3.（2022年全国乙卷）Canasmallgroupofdrones（无人机）guaranteethesafetya

ndreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"ey

esinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基础设施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesare

alreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresu

chasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabi

lityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.Thatinclu

deshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximatel

y20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairther

ailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartpr

ovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toper

formthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywi

llbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetrainc

ouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.28.Whatmake

stheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofc

ostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagra

ph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.W

hatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetra

nsportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanB

eExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways4.（2022年全国乙卷）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbr

oughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxw

hichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagers

areconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasur

y.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate£240mfortheye

arendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）so

theycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.Sinc

eAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcon

tent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.

Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyea

r.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpou

ndsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactiv

echildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools

.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.33.Howdidso

medrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduc

tion.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrink

s.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccess

story.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.3.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷)Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”toth

erareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,f

ive-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarChar

lesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiestha

tatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.The

ydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabioden

tals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesu

chsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicpe

riod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.Analysesofalanguagedatabas

ealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduring

thelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularview

thatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasn

otnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplay

ofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sres

earchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodent

als?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirl

owerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfin

dings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhuma

nspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsys

tem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.二、2022届模拟题Passage1（2022·河南·模拟预测）TheUSspaceagencyNASAhasrevealedanastonishingpicturerevealingnewsecretsofthe

Earth’shomegalaxy(星系),theMilkyWay.Thesunisjustoneofhundredsofbillionsofstarsthatformthehugeshapeofourgalaxy.Oursolarsystemsitsina

noutlyingregionbutthenewimagefocusesonthecentreoftheMilkyWay,a“noisy”areabecauseofallthecrowdedstars.Lightfromthisregiontakesabout26,000yearstor

eachEarth.Forcomparison,lighttakesjusteightminutestoreachusfromthesun.Theresearchersusethedatacollectedbytwotelescopesthatseethesk

yinwaysthatareverydifferentfromthevisiblelightoureyescanseetoformthenewimage.Mostofthedatacomesfrom370dif

ferentpicturestakenoverthepast20yearsbyNASA’sChandraXObservatory.ThissatellitetelescopedetectsX-raysoutinspace.X-raysareafromof

radiationthatissentoutwhenviolenteventsheatmattertotemperaturesofmillionsofdegrees.Otherdatacomesfromt

heMeerKATtelescopeinSouthAfrica,whichcandetectradiowavesfromspace.ThesewaveshavemuchlessenergythanX-rays.Theyareusuallyproducedbycoolermaterial,su

chashugecloudsofgasbetweenthestars.Thebrightestsourcesincludeneutronstarswhicharethecoresofhugestarsthatranoutoffuelandcollapse

dtocity-sizedballsofsuperhotmatter.Manyneutronstarsandblackholesjetoutgasesthatappearinthepictureaspurplestreaks(斑纹).Po

werfulmagneticfieldsintheareacausethejetstobendastheygetfurtherfromtheirsource.AstronomerDrDanielWang,whohasworkedontheimageoverthepastyear,saidthen

ewpicturedescribed“aviolentorenergeticecosystem”.1．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMilkyWay?A．Thecenterofitremainsunknown.B．Thesunisn’tlo

catedinthecenterofit.C．Itscenterisverypeaceful.D．Itscenterfeaturesfewerstars.2．What’sparagraph2mainlyab

out?A．Thecollectionofspacedata.B．ThefunctionoftheMeerKATtelescope.C．Thedifferencesofspacewaves.D．Theformationofthenewi

mage.3．Whatcanweknowaboutthegasesjettedoutbytheblackhole?A．Theywillabsorbsurroundingmaterials.B．Theywillformsuperbigmatter.C．Theyge

tbentifawayfromtheirsource.D．Theyarelikelytoexplodewhensuperheated.4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．Ourgalaxy’sviolentheartB．Anattem

pttotravelinouterspaceC．RadiowavesfromouterspaceD．Stars’purplestreaksPassage2（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）Haveahardtimewakingupwhenit’

scoldout?Scientistssayyourbrainistoblame.AstudyconductedbyscientistsfromNorthwesternUniversitymadeitpossible

tooffersomeexplanationsforthisphenomenon.Theirstudyonfruitfliesshowshowseasonallycoldanddarkconditionscanprohibitneuronswithintheflybrainthatpromotea

ctivityandwakefulnessfromsendingoutsignals,particularlyinthemorning.Ithelpsexplainswhy,forbothfliesandhumans,itis

sohardtowakeupinthemorninginwinter.“Bystudyingbehaviorsinafruitfly,wecanbetterunderstandhowandwhytemperatur

eissovitaltoregulatesleep,”saidMarcoGallio,associateprofessorofneurobiologyintheWeinbergCollegeofArtsandSciences.Thestudydescribesforthefirst

time“absolutecold”receptorsintheflyantenna,whichrespondtotemperatureonlybelowthefly’s“comfortzone”ofabout25°C．Havingrecognizedthosene

urons,theresearchersfollowedthemallthewaytotheirtargetswithinthebrain.Theyfoundtheirtargetsareasmallgroupofbrainneuronsthatarepartofalarge

rnetworkthatcontrolsrhythmsofactivityandsleep.Whentheneuronstheydiscoveredareactive,thetargetcells,whichnormallyaremadeacti

vebymorninglight,areshutdown.“Temperaturesensingisoneofthemostfundamentalabilities,”saidGallio,whosegroupisoneofonlyafewintheworldthataresyst

ematicallystudyingtemperaturesensinginfruitflies.“Theprincipleswearefindingintheflybrain,thelogicando

rganization,maybethesameallthewaytohumans.Andfuturestudiesonhumanbrainwillsurelyfindsomereferenceinformationinthisstudy.”5．Whyisithardforfliest

owakeupincoldmornings?A．Coldconditionsdisabletheantennasofflies.B．Flicshavefewerneuronsinthebrainthanhumans.C．Coldnessstopsflies’

neuronsfromfunctioningwell.D．Flies’neuronscontrollingwakefulnessaredamaged.6．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itfocusesmainlyonhowf

lybrainswork.B．Ithelpsexplainhowtemperatureaffectssleep.C．Itaimsatsolvinghumans’sleepingproblems.D．Itshowsthesimilaritiesbetweenflyb

rainsandhumanbrains.7．Whichpartofafruitflywillbemadeactivewhenitiscold?A．Itsantenna.B．Itstargetcells.C．Its“absolutecold”receptors.D．Itsnetworkco

ntrollingsleep.8．What’sGallio’sattitudetowardsthepracticalvalueofthefindings?A．Positive.B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous.D．Disappointed.Passage3（2022·吉林长春·模拟

预测）NewYork-basedEcovativehasbeencreatingenvironmentallyfriendlypackagingmadefrommushroomsandagriculturalwastesince2009.Now,thecompanywant

stobringtheiramazingmaterialintohomesandofficeswithanewlineofcompostable(可堆肥的)furnishingsthataregrownusingjustthreematerials:mycelium(thevegetative

partofmushrooms),hemp(麻类植物),andsalt.Whilecreatinghardmaterialfrommushroomsmightsoundmagical,thecompany’sCEOEbenBayersaysitisarelativelylow-techpr

ocessandcomparesitto“makingbread”.Thecompanybeginsbyaddingafewmyceliumcellstodamphemporotheragricultur

alwaste.Themyceliumthatgrowslikelittlehairsisallowedtotwistwiththewasteuntileverythingis”glued“together.Thecombinationisthenmixedagain

andplacedintothedesiredmold(模具)whereitcontinuestogrowandharden.Theresultingmaterialisthenbakedintheoven.Inadditiontomakingitasstrongaswood,theheata

lsokillsthemycelium,thusgivingthecompostablematerialasimilarshelflifetowood.Also,thoughthetabletopsofthestylishTaflandKing’stablesreleasedatth

erecentlyheldBiofabricate2016conferenceinNewYorkCityresemblemarble,theyarefarfromit.Theperfectlycarvedblocksaremadeofamateria

lgrownbyaNorthCarolina-basedcompanynamedbioMASONusinggrainsofsandsandbacteria.Asyouhaveprobablyguessed,t

hiswaste-freefurnituredoesnotcomecheap.Customerscanexpecttopayanywherefrom$249USDfortheTaflto$699USDfortheKing’stable,bothofwhic

hareonlyavailableinlimitedquantities.ThosethatcannotaffordthosepricescanchoosecheaperGIY(growityourself)onesmadeofvariousprod

uctsrangingfromChristmastreedecorationstolampshades.9．WhydidEbencomparemakinghardmaterialstomakingbread?A．Theirraw

materialsarethesame.B．Theirproductappearancesarealike.C．Theirproductionprocessesaresimple.D．Theirproducti

oncostsarerelativelylow.10．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Themethodofmakingmushroomshard.B．Howtomakemushroomfurniturematerials.C．Whatareneededtomak

emushroomfurniture.D．Thedifficultiesofmakingmushroomfurniture.11．WhatcanwelearnaboutTaflandKing’stables?A．Theyareinli

mitedsupply.B．TheyareofferedinGIYforms.C．Theyconsistmainlyofmarble.D．TheyaredesignedbybioMASON.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheInventionofNewKin

dsofFurnitureB．TheFirstSaleofFurnitureMadeofMushroomsC．ScientistsFoundNewMaterialtoMakeFurnitureD．FutureFurnitureMayBeGrownfromMushrooms

Passage4（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）Insteadofahumandeliveryman,BeijingresidentXiaoWeireceivedhisonlineorderfordailynecessitiesinle

ssthan30minutesfromanunmanneddeliveryvehicle.Thefour-wheeledvehiclenamed“magicbag”is1.56metershigh,2.77meterslon

g,and1.19meterswide.Weighing500kg,itcancarryabout100kgofgoodsatatimeandrunadistanceof100kmonasinglechargewithamaximumtravelingspeedof20kph.Afte

rcustomersplaceordersontheMeituanapp,anintelligentdistributionsystemwillassignorderstothoseautonomousvehicles,whichwillpicku

panddelivergoodstopick-upstationsatthefinaldestinations.Customerscancollectthedeliveryfromthestationswithoutanyhumancontactduringthewholeprocess,sa

idMeituanDianping,China’smajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform.“Icancheckthereal-timerouteofthedriverlessvehicle.Itisfast,convenientandsafeaswell,”saidXi

ao.“ThisisalsothefirsttimethatMeituanhasusedunmannedvehiclestocompletedeliveryordersonopenroads.”Meanwhile,acc

ordingtoMeituan,dailysalesonitsretailgroceryserviceapphaveincreasedby200to300percentinBeijingcomparedtofiguresfrombeforetheepidemic.Thecater

ing（餐饮）chainbrandXiaohengDumplingshascooperatedwithanunmannedvehicleenterprisetopilotunmannedvehicledeliverys

ervicesinBeijing.LiHeng,thefounderofXiaohengDumplings,believesunmanneddeliveryisthefutureoftheindustryasitiscleane

r,saferandmoreefficient.“Anunmannedvehiclecandeliver300to400mealsaday,whileadeliverymancanonlydeliverdozenso

fmeals,”Lisaid.Xiaoheng’sunmannedvehicleshaveaheatpreservationfunction.Anewtypeofvehiclewithafreezingfunctionwillbeintroducedinthefuture

todeliverfrozenfood.MeituanandXiaohengwillcontinuetheunmanneddeliveryserviceinthefuture.Morevarietiesofgoods,incl

udingfood,medicine,anddailynecessities,willbeaddedtosuchdeliveryservices.13．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Theoriginof

driverlessdeliveryvehicles.B．Theintroductionofdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.C．Thereasonforusingdriverlessdelivery

vehicles.D．Thebackgroundofcreatingdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.14．Whatarecustomersrequiredtodotoplaceorde

rs?A．Contactthefooddeliveryplatform.B．Collectgroceriesatthepick-upstation.C．DownloadaMeituanapp.D．Trackthereal-timerouteofthevehicle.15．WhatisLiHen

g’sattitudetowardsunmanneddeliveryvehicles?A．Favorable.B．Suspicious.C．Cautious.D．Indifferent.16．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Drive

rlessvehicleshavebeeninoperationinmanycities.B．Moretypesofgoodswillbedeliveredbydriverlessvehicles.C．Driverlessvehiclescanhandgoodstothecustomersdi

rectly.D．Meituanisexperiencingahugelaborshortageofdelivering.Passage5（2022·福建厦门·模拟预测）Ourplanetishometomanyradioactivesubstances-

notjustinisgeologicinnardsbutalsoinitshospitals,atitsindustrialsitesandinitsfoodprocessingplants.InColorado,forinstance,27buildingshousescary-

soundingchemicalelementssuchascesium137andcobalt60.Thesematerialsarenotthereforriskypurposes,though.Theyplayapartincanc

ertreatment,bloodirradiation,medicalandfoodsterilization,structureandequipmenttesting,geologicexploration,etc.Theradioactivematerialisnotalwaysbadin

ablackand-whiteway:itcanbeausefultool.Theraysgivenoffbycesiumandcobaltcankillgermsmultiplyinginyourmeatandmakeyourappleslastlonger.Radiographicinst

rumentscandetect,say,cracksinacity’spipesinasimilarwaytoanx-raypickingupahairlinefractureinyourknee.Ap

racticecalled“welllogging”usessealedradioactivesourcestomapthegeologyofholesoilseekersdrillintotheearth.Andofcourse,radiationiskeytocancertr

eatment.Theriskarisesbecausethesameradioactivematerialthatisbeneficialcouldalsobestolenormisplacedandfinditswayintotraffickingrings

ordirtybombs.Itmightalsobarnworkersifsomethingaccidentallygoeswrongduringanormalnine-to-fiveday.In2017alone,accordingtoareportfromtheJamesMartinCe

nterforNonproliferationStudies,therewere171“incidentsofnuclearorotherradioactivematerialsoutsideofregulatorycontrol”basedonopensou

rcereports,104ofwhichhappenedintheU.S.AninitiativecalledRadSecure100waslaunchedtoremoveandbettersecureenergetic

materialin100U.S.cities.“Whereisthemosthigh-riskmateriallocatedaroundthemostpeople?”saysEmilyAdams,deputydirectorofadomesticprogramintheOffic

eofRadiologicalSecurity.“Andthat’showwegotour100.”17．Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinparagraph1?A．Radioactivesubstancescanwa

rmourplanet.B．Foodprocessingdoesharmtoworkersinplants.C．Theradioactivematerialisbasicallyeverywhere.D．It’shardtoremovescary-soun

dingelementsinbuildings.18．Whydoestheauthormention“welllogging”inparagraph2?A．Tomakeasummary.B．Toraiseaquestion.C．Toprovideacontrast.D．Tosuppo

rtanidea.19．WhatisRadSecure100intendedfor?A．Makinguseofenergeticsubstances.B．Ensuringsafetyoftheradioac

tivematerial.C．Warningpeopleofthemosthigh-riskmaterialD．ProtectingtheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.20．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheradioacti

vematerial?A．Pessimistic.B．Objective.C．Disapproval.D．Carefree.Passage6（2022·陕西·宝鸡中学模拟预测）Forthousandsofyea

rs,mankindhasbredplantsandanimalstocreatemoredesiredandusefulplantsandanimals.Forinstance,moderncornh

asbeenbredtosuchalargesizethatitisnolongerabletoreproducewithoutman’sassistance.Moderndairycowsproducetoomuchmilk;andiftheyarenotoftendrainedofmilk

,theycouldleak,burst,becomeinfected,andpossiblydie.Furthermore,mostdomesticateddogscannotsurviveinthewildevenwithspecial

training.Sincenaturalevolutionisextremelyslowandmankind’sselectivebreedingprogramsonlytakeafewgenerati

onstoproduceacompletelynewspecies,naturalevolutionhasalreadytakenabackseattomankind’sbreedingprograms.Additionally,mankindhassuccessfullykille

doffseveralspeciesalltogether.Forinstance,therearenomoreEuropeanwolvesinexistenceandmammothsprobablybecameex

tinctbecauseofmankind.Evencertaindiseaseshavebeenpermanentlyeradicated(根除)fromtheplanet,anddozensofotherdiseaseswillsoonfollow.Again,na

turalevolutiondidnotcausemostextinctionduringhumanity’sreign.Currently,scientistsarecreatingnewspecieswithdesiredcharacteristicsi

nthelabsignificantlyfasterthanevolutioncreatesnewspecies.Inasinglegeneration,newspeciescanbeartificial

lycreatedanddestroyed,whilenaturalevolutioncouldtakethousandsofyearstodothesamebutonlyhaphazardly(偶然地).Scientistsareev

enabletoreplaceflawed(有缺陷的)ordamagedgeneswithdifferentgenesinanattempttocuregeneticdefects.Thisissomethingthatnatura

levolutioncouldpossiblynevercorrect.Eventuallyscientistswillbeabletoenhanceevenpeople.Forexample,imaginenotonlycorrectin

gyoureyesightwithgenetherapy,butalsoensuringthatallofyourdescendantsdonotinherityouroldgenesofpooreyesightto.Scientistswilloned

aybeabletoenhancethememoryandintelligenceofyourchildren,sothattheywilldobetterinschoolandachievemoreinlife.Doc

torsandscientistswillbeabletocustomizebabiesbeforetheyarebornjustlikepickingoptionsatacardealership.Inthenearfuture,naturalevolution

inthegeneticcodeofanyspeciescanbequicklyfixedifdesired.Asaresult,naturalevolutionisdoomed.21．FromParagraph1welearn

that______.A．selectivebreedinghasimprovedallspeciesB．onlyselectivebreedingcanmakeupfornaturallossesC．moder

ncorncan’tabletoreproduceitselfduetoselectivebreedingD．naturalevolutioncan’tdowithoutman’sassistance22．Theunderlinedword“backseat”inPara

graph1probablymeans“______”.A．powerfulassistanceB．importantpartC．badfortuneD．secondaryposition23．Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A．S

electivebreedingispartlybeneficialtohumans.B．Geneticdefectswon’tbeinheritedduetonaturalevolution.C．Naturalevolutioncan’tcreatenewspecies.D．Select

ivebreedingcandeterminethesexofbabies.24．Theauthormainlywantstotellusthat______.A．selectivebreedingwillcausetheextinctionofmanysp

eciesB．naturalevolutionisalmostdeadwiththedevelopmentofselectivebreedingC．selectivebreedinghasarousedattentionfromalloverthew

orldD．naturalevolutionsurvivesstronglyalthoughitisindangerPassage7（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测）Weareaculturedrowninginourpossessions.

Wetakeinmoreandmore(holiday,birthdays,sales,needs),butrarelyfindanopportunitytogetridofit.Asaresult,ourhomesfillupwithsomuchstuff.Andbecausewebeli

evethebestsolutionistofindorganizationaltoolstomanageallofit,weseekoutbiggercontainersormoreefficien

torganizationaltipsandtricks.Butsimplyorganizingourstuffmustberepeatedoverandover.Atitsheart,organizingissimplyrear

ranging.Andthoughwemayfindstoragesolutionstoday,wearequicklyforcedtofindnewonesasearlyastomorrow.Additionally,organizingha

ssomeothermajorshortcomingsthatarerarelyconsidered.Forexample,itdoesn’tbenefitanyoneelse.Thepossessionswerarelyusesitonshelvesin

ourbasementsorgarages,evenwhilesomeofourclosestfriendsdesperatelyneedthem.Ontheotherhand,theactofgettin

gridofstufffromourhomeaccomplishesmanypurposes.Itisnotatemporarysolution.Itisanactionofpermanence—onceanitemhasbeenremoved,itisrem

ovedcompletely.Whetherwere-sellourpossessions,donatethemtocharity,orgivethemtoafriend,theyareimmediatel

yputtousebythosewhoneedthem.Removingpossessionsbeginstoturnbackourdesireformoreaswefindfreedomandhappinessinowningless.Andremovingourselvesfrom

theall-consumingdesiretoownmorecreatesopportunitiesforsignificantlifechangestotakeplace.Ifyou’restrugglingwithhowtogetridofstuff,youcanf

irstchallengeyourselftoremovetheunneededthingsinyourhome,carryatrashbagfromroom-to-room,seehowbigofadonationpileyoucanmake,an

deveneliminatedebtbysellingwhatyounolongerneed.Itdoesn’tmatterhowyouremovethem,foritisfarbettertoremovethantoalwayso

rganize.25．Whatistheproblemwithsimplyorganizingstuff?A．Fewtoolsandtricksareavailable.B．Itneedstoberepeatedveryoften.

C．Peoplecannotsavemoneybyorganizing.D．Desiretobuymoredisappearsbyorganizing.26．Howcanweremoveunnecessar

ypossessions?A．Byresellingthemtoothers.B．Bykeepingthemintrashbags.C．Bystoringtheminthegarage.D．Bypilingthemontheshelves

.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”meaninParagraph5?A．getridofB．getoverC．addtoD．takechargeof28．Whatisthepurpos

eofthepassage?A．Toexplaintheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoforganizingthings.B．Toinformreadersofthewaystogetridofunnecessaryposses

sions.C．Tocallforpeopletoremovestuffinsteadofjustorganizing.D．Toappealtopeopletomakedonationstopeopleinneed.获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众

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