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专题07阅读理解说明文、议论文一、2022年高考真题1.（2022年全国甲卷）Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimila

rshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.I

narecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”

inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputarounds

hapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)sh

apes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentri

cframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitiona

lone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoin

deedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstepaccordingtotheresearchers,istotryand

workoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.24.Howdidthecockat

oosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-yea

r-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Grouping

toysofdifferentshapes.26.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whet

hertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorChecker

sB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters2.（2022年全国甲卷）Sometimeintheearly1960s,a

significantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofther

e—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearl

y30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.I,spentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.Afterourthir

drunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidaswepa

rted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,a

ndthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatch

words(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptas

idemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourminds

whetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Onth

eotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmann

amedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,when

theycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotaf

oundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwi

shingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydne

y.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment.D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestowo

rkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofS

ydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbeco

mingmoreinternational.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acity

builtonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbe

madebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.3.（2022年全国乙卷）Canasmallgroupofdrones（无人机）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayope

ratorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillions

ofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基础设施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectri

callines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswit

chingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecu

tandoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectio

nofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff

,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews

'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,dete

ctingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverh

ead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunauton

omously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytose

eahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdr

onesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29

.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionan

drepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomati

cally.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwi

thDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailwa

ys4.（2022年全国乙卷）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwould

generate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmoreth

an5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedleve

lofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake£520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthssh

oweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate£240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsport

s.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingt

hetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprild

rinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehig

hsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-base

ddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoo

negovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealth

iereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren'shealth

.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmar

kets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.34.Fromwhichofthefollowingis

thesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.35.Whatcanb

einferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupse

tscustomers.3.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷)Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguag

es.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeec

hsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,

weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUnivers

ityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingith

ardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),

makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricult

ureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowto

besolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNe

olithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyh

unter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhuman

beingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butra

therthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidSteven

Moran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistributio

n.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyha

dfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirl

owerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftherese

archfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesSteven

Moransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itd

rivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.二、2022届模拟题Passage1（2022·河南·模拟预测）TheUSspaceagencyNASAhasrevealedanastonishingpicturerevealingnewsecre

tsoftheEarth’shomegalaxy(星系),theMilkyWay.Thesunisjustoneofhundredsofbillionsofstarsthatformthehugeshapeofourgalaxy.Oursolarsyst

emsitsinanoutlyingregionbutthenewimagefocusesonthecentreoftheMilkyWay,a“noisy”areabecauseofallthecrowde

dstars.Lightfromthisregiontakesabout26,000yearstoreachEarth.Forcomparison,lighttakesjusteightminutestoreachusfromthesun.Theresearchersuseth

edatacollectedbytwotelescopesthatseetheskyinwaysthatareverydifferentfromthevisiblelightoureyescanseetoformthenewimage.Most

ofthedatacomesfrom370differentpicturestakenoverthepast20yearsbyNASA’sChandraXObservatory.ThissatellitetelescopedetectsX-raysoutinspace.

X-raysareafromofradiationthatissentoutwhenviolenteventsheatmattertotemperaturesofmillionsofdegrees.OtherdatacomesfromtheMeer

KATtelescopeinSouthAfrica,whichcandetectradiowavesfromspace.ThesewaveshavemuchlessenergythanX-rays.Theyareusuallyproducedbycoolermat

erial,suchashugecloudsofgasbetweenthestars.Thebrightestsourcesincludeneutronstarswhicharethecoresofhugestarsthatranoutoffuelandcollap

sedtocity-sizedballsofsuperhotmatter.Manyneutronstarsandblackholesjetoutgasesthatappearinthepictureaspurplestreaks(斑纹).Powe

rfulmagneticfieldsintheareacausethejetstobendastheygetfurtherfromtheirsource.AstronomerDrDanielWang,whohasworkedontheimageoverthepastyear,said

thenewpicturedescribed“aviolentorenergeticecosystem”.1．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheMilkyWay?A．Thecenterofitremainsunknown.B．

Thesunisn’tlocatedinthecenterofit.C．Itscenterisverypeaceful.D．Itscenterfeaturesfewerstars.2．What’sparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thecollectionofspaced

ata.B．ThefunctionoftheMeerKATtelescope.C．Thedifferencesofspacewaves.D．Theformationofthenewimage.3．Whatcanweknowaboutth

egasesjettedoutbytheblackhole?A．Theywillabsorbsurroundingmaterials.B．Theywillformsuperbigmatter.C．Theygetbentifawayfromth

eirsource.D．Theyarelikelytoexplodewhensuperheated.4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．Ourgalaxy’sviolentheartB．Anattempttotrave

linouterspaceC．RadiowavesfromouterspaceD．Stars’purplestreaksPassage2（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）Haveahardtimewakingupwhenit’scoldout?Scientistssay

yourbrainistoblame.AstudyconductedbyscientistsfromNorthwesternUniversitymadeitpossibletooffersomeexplanationsforthispheno

menon.Theirstudyonfruitfliesshowshowseasonallycoldanddarkconditionscanprohibitneuronswithintheflybrainthatpromoteactivityandwakefulnessfromsendingou

tsignals,particularlyinthemorning.Ithelpsexplainswhy,forbothfliesandhumans,itissohardtowakeupinthemornin

ginwinter.“Bystudyingbehaviorsinafruitfly,wecanbetterunderstandhowandwhytemperatureissovitaltoregulatesleep,”saidMarcoGalli

o,associateprofessorofneurobiologyintheWeinbergCollegeofArtsandSciences.Thestudydescribesforthefirsttime“abso

lutecold”receptorsintheflyantenna,whichrespondtotemperatureonlybelowthefly’s“comfortzone”ofabout25°C．Havingrecognizedthoseneurons,there

searchersfollowedthemallthewaytotheirtargetswithinthebrain.Theyfoundtheirtargetsareasmallgroupofbrainneuronsth

atarepartofalargernetworkthatcontrolsrhythmsofactivityandsleep.Whentheneuronstheydiscoveredareactive,thetargetcells,whichnor

mallyaremadeactivebymorninglight,areshutdown.“Temperaturesensingisoneofthemostfundamentalabilities,”saidGal

lio,whosegroupisoneofonlyafewintheworldthataresystematicallystudyingtemperaturesensinginfruitflies.“Theprincipleswearefindinginthefl

ybrain,thelogicandorganization,maybethesameallthewaytohumans.Andfuturestudiesonhumanbrainwillsurelyfindso

mereferenceinformationinthisstudy.”5．Whyisithardforfliestowakeupincoldmornings?A．Coldconditionsdisabletheanten

nasofflies.B．Flicshavefewerneuronsinthebrainthanhumans.C．Coldnessstopsflies’neuronsfromfunctioningwell.D．Fli

es’neuronscontrollingwakefulnessaredamaged.6．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itfocusesmainlyonhowflybrainswork

.B．Ithelpsexplainhowtemperatureaffectssleep.C．Itaimsatsolvinghumans’sleepingproblems.D．Itshowsthesimilaritiesbetweenflybrainsandhumanbrai

ns.7．Whichpartofafruitflywillbemadeactivewhenitiscold?A．Itsantenna.B．Itstargetcells.C．Its“absolutecold”

receptors.D．Itsnetworkcontrollingsleep.8．What’sGallio’sattitudetowardsthepracticalvalueofthefindings?A．Positive.B．Doubtful

.C．Ambiguous.D．Disappointed.Passage3（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）NewYork-basedEcovativehasbeencreatingenvironmentallyfriendlypackagingmadef

rommushroomsandagriculturalwastesince2009.Now,thecompanywantstobringtheiramazingmaterialintohomesandofficeswithanewlineofcompostable(可堆肥

的)furnishingsthataregrownusingjustthreematerials:mycelium(thevegetativepartofmushrooms),hemp(麻类植物),andsalt.Whilecreatinghardmaterialfrommushroo

msmightsoundmagical,thecompany’sCEOEbenBayersaysitisarelativelylow-techprocessandcomparesitto“makingbread”.Thecompanybeginsbya

ddingafewmyceliumcellstodamphemporotheragriculturalwaste.Themyceliumthatgrowslikelittlehairsisallowedtotwistwiththewasteuntileverythin

gis”glued“together.Thecombinationisthenmixedagainandplacedintothedesiredmold(模具)whereitcontinuestogrowandharden.Theresult

ingmaterialisthenbakedintheoven.Inadditiontomakingitasstrongaswood,theheatalsokillsthemycelium,thusgivingtheco

mpostablematerialasimilarshelflifetowood.Also,thoughthetabletopsofthestylishTaflandKing’stablesreleasedattherecentlyheldBiofabricat

e2016conferenceinNewYorkCityresemblemarble,theyarefarfromit.Theperfectlycarvedblocksaremadeofamaterialgro

wnbyaNorthCarolina-basedcompanynamedbioMASONusinggrainsofsandsandbacteria.Asyouhaveprobablyguessed,thiswaste-freefurnituredoesnotcom

echeap.Customerscanexpecttopayanywherefrom$249USDfortheTaflto$699USDfortheKing’stable,bothofwhichareonlyavailableinlimited

quantities.ThosethatcannotaffordthosepricescanchoosecheaperGIY(growityourself)onesmadeofvariousproductsran

gingfromChristmastreedecorationstolampshades.9．WhydidEbencomparemakinghardmaterialstomakingbread?A．Theirrawmaterialsarethesame.B．Theirprodu

ctappearancesarealike.C．Theirproductionprocessesaresimple.D．Theirproductioncostsarerelativelylow.10．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Themeth

odofmakingmushroomshard.B．Howtomakemushroomfurniturematerials.C．Whatareneededtomakemushroomfurniture.D．T

hedifficultiesofmakingmushroomfurniture.11．WhatcanwelearnaboutTaflandKing’stables?A．Theyareinlimitedsupply.B．

TheyareofferedinGIYforms.C．Theyconsistmainlyofmarble.D．TheyaredesignedbybioMASON.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheInventionofNewKin

dsofFurnitureB．TheFirstSaleofFurnitureMadeofMushroomsC．ScientistsFoundNewMaterialtoMakeFurnitureD．FutureFurnitureMayBeGrownfromM

ushroomsPassage4（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）Insteadofahumandeliveryman,BeijingresidentXiaoWeireceivedhisonlineorderfordailynecessitie

sinlessthan30minutesfromanunmanneddeliveryvehicle.Thefour-wheeledvehiclenamed“magicbag”is1.56metershigh,2.77me

terslong,and1.19meterswide.Weighing500kg,itcancarryabout100kgofgoodsatatimeandrunadistanceof100kmonasinglecharge

withamaximumtravelingspeedof20kph.AftercustomersplaceordersontheMeituanapp,anintelligentdistributionsystemwillassignorderstothoseautonomousvehic

les,whichwillpickupanddelivergoodstopick-upstationsatthefinaldestinations.Customerscancollectthedeliveryf

romthestationswithoutanyhumancontactduringthewholeprocess,saidMeituanDianping,China’smajoronlinefooddeliverypla

tform.“Icancheckthereal-timerouteofthedriverlessvehicle.Itisfast,convenientandsafeaswell,”saidXiao.“Thisisalsothefirsttimetha

tMeituanhasusedunmannedvehiclestocompletedeliveryordersonopenroads.”Meanwhile,accordingtoMeituan,dailysalesonitsretail

groceryserviceapphaveincreasedby200to300percentinBeijingcomparedtofiguresfrombeforetheepidemic.Thecatering（餐饮）chainbrandXia

ohengDumplingshascooperatedwithanunmannedvehicleenterprisetopilotunmannedvehicledeliveryservicesinBeijing.LiHeng,thefounderof

XiaohengDumplings,believesunmanneddeliveryisthefutureoftheindustryasitiscleaner,saferandmoreefficient.“

Anunmannedvehiclecandeliver300to400mealsaday,whileadeliverymancanonlydeliverdozensofmeals,”Lisaid.Xiaoheng’su

nmannedvehicleshaveaheatpreservationfunction.Anewtypeofvehiclewithafreezingfunctionwillbeintroducedinthefuturetodeliverfrozenfoo

d.MeituanandXiaohengwillcontinuetheunmanneddeliveryserviceinthefuture.Morevarietiesofgoods,includingfood,medicine,a

nddailynecessities,willbeaddedtosuchdeliveryservices.13．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Theorigino

fdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.B．Theintroductionofdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.C．Thereasonforusingdriverle

ssdeliveryvehicles.D．Thebackgroundofcreatingdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.14．Whatarecustomersrequiredtodotoplaceorders?A．Contactthefooddeliveryplatfor

m.B．Collectgroceriesatthepick-upstation.C．DownloadaMeituanapp.D．Trackthereal-timerouteofthevehicle.15．WhatisLiHeng’sattitudetowardsunmanneddeliveryv

ehicles?A．Favorable.B．Suspicious.C．Cautious.D．Indifferent.16．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Driverlessvehicleshavebeeninoperat

ioninmanycities.B．Moretypesofgoodswillbedeliveredbydriverlessvehicles.C．Driverlessvehiclescanhandgoodstothecustomersdirectly.D．Meituanisexperiencinga

hugelaborshortageofdelivering.Passage5（2022·福建厦门·模拟预测）Ourplanetishometomanyradioactivesubstances-notjustinisgeologi

cinnardsbutalsoinitshospitals,atitsindustrialsitesandinitsfoodprocessingplants.InColorado,forinstance,27buildingshousescary

-soundingchemicalelementssuchascesium137andcobalt60.Thesematerialsarenotthereforriskypurposes,though.Theyplayapartincancertre

atment,bloodirradiation,medicalandfoodsterilization,structureandequipmenttesting,geologicexploration,etc.Theradioactivema

terialisnotalwaysbadinablackand-whiteway:itcanbeausefultool.Theraysgivenoffbycesiumandcobaltcankillgermsmultipl

yinginyourmeatandmakeyourappleslastlonger.Radiographicinstrumentscandetect,say,cracksinacity’spipesinasimilarwaytoanx-raypickingupahairline

fractureinyourknee.Apracticecalled“welllogging”usessealedradioactivesourcestomapthegeologyofholesoilseekersdrillintotheearth.Andofcourse,radiationi

skeytocancertreatment.Theriskarisesbecausethesameradioactivematerialthatisbeneficialcouldalsobestolenormisplacedandfinditswayin

totraffickingringsordirtybombs.Itmightalsobarnworkersifsomethingaccidentallygoeswrongduringanormalnine-to-fiveday.In20

17alone,accordingtoareportfromtheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudies,therewere171“incidentsofnuclearorotherradioactivematerialsout

sideofregulatorycontrol”basedonopensourcereports,104ofwhichhappenedintheU.S.AninitiativecalledRadSecure100waslaunchedtoremoveandbettersecureen

ergeticmaterialin100U.S.cities.“Whereisthemosthigh-riskmateriallocatedaroundthemostpeople?”saysEmilyAdams,d

eputydirectorofadomesticprogramintheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.“Andthat’showwegotour100.”17．Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoco

nveyinparagraph1?A．Radioactivesubstancescanwarmourplanet.B．Foodprocessingdoesharmtoworkersinplants.C．Theradioactivematerialisbasicallyeverywhere.D．It

’shardtoremovescary-soundingelementsinbuildings.18．Whydoestheauthormention“welllogging”inparagraph2?A．Tomakea

summary.B．Toraiseaquestion.C．Toprovideacontrast.D．Tosupportanidea.19．WhatisRadSecure100intendedfor?A

．Makinguseofenergeticsubstances.B．Ensuringsafetyoftheradioactivematerial.C．Warningpeopleofthemosthigh-riskmaterialD．ProtectingtheOfficeo

fRadiologicalSecurity.20．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheradioactivematerial?A．Pessimistic.B．Objective.C．

Disapproval.D．Carefree.Passage6（2022·陕西·宝鸡中学模拟预测）Forthousandsofyears,mankindhasbredplantsandanimalstocreatemoredesiredandusefulplantsandanimals

.Forinstance,moderncornhasbeenbredtosuchalargesizethatitisnolongerabletoreproducewithoutman’sassistance.Moderndairycowsproducetoomuchmilk;andifthey

arenotoftendrainedofmilk,theycouldleak,burst,becomeinfected,andpossiblydie.Furthermore,mostdomesticateddogscannotsurviveinthewildevenwithspecial

training.Sincenaturalevolutionisextremelyslowandmankind’sselectivebreedingprogramsonlytakeafewgenerationstoproduceacompletelynewspecies,natu

ralevolutionhasalreadytakenabackseattomankind’sbreedingprograms.Additionally,mankindhassuccessfullyk

illedoffseveralspeciesalltogether.Forinstance,therearenomoreEuropeanwolvesinexistenceandmammothsprobablybecameex

tinctbecauseofmankind.Evencertaindiseaseshavebeenpermanentlyeradicated(根除)fromtheplanet,anddozensofotherdiseaseswi

llsoonfollow.Again,naturalevolutiondidnotcausemostextinctionduringhumanity’sreign.Currently,scientistsarecreatingnewspecieswithdesiredchara

cteristicsinthelabsignificantlyfasterthanevolutioncreatesnewspecies.Inasinglegeneration,newspeciescanbeartificiallycreatedanddestroyed,whilenat

uralevolutioncouldtakethousandsofyearstodothesamebutonlyhaphazardly(偶然地).Scientistsareevenabletoreplaceflawed(有缺陷的)ord

amagedgeneswithdifferentgenesinanattempttocuregeneticdefects.Thisissomethingthatnaturalevolutioncouldpossiblynevercorrect.Eventuallyscientistswillbe

abletoenhanceevenpeople.Forexample,imaginenotonlycorrectingyoureyesightwithgenetherapy,butalsoensuringthatallofyourdescendants

donotinherityouroldgenesofpooreyesightto.Scientistswillonedaybeabletoenhancethememoryandintelligenceofyourchild

ren,sothattheywilldobetterinschoolandachievemoreinlife.Doctorsandscientistswillbeabletocustomizebabiesbeforetheyare

bornjustlikepickingoptionsatacardealership.Inthenearfuture,naturalevolutioninthegeneticcodeofanyspeciescanbequic

klyfixedifdesired.Asaresult,naturalevolutionisdoomed.21．FromParagraph1welearnthat______.A．selectivebreedingha

simprovedallspeciesB．onlyselectivebreedingcanmakeupfornaturallossesC．moderncorncan’tabletoreproduceits

elfduetoselectivebreedingD．naturalevolutioncan’tdowithoutman’sassistance22．Theunderlinedword“backseat”inParagraph1probablymeans“______”.A．powerfu

lassistanceB．importantpartC．badfortuneD．secondaryposition23．Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A．Selectivebreedingispa

rtlybeneficialtohumans.B．Geneticdefectswon’tbeinheritedduetonaturalevolution.C．Naturalevolutioncan’tcreatenewspecies.D．Selecti

vebreedingcandeterminethesexofbabies.24．Theauthormainlywantstotellusthat______.A．selectivebreedingwillcausetheextinctionofmanyspec

iesB．naturalevolutionisalmostdeadwiththedevelopmentofselectivebreedingC．selectivebreedinghasarousedattentionfromallovert

heworldD．naturalevolutionsurvivesstronglyalthoughitisindangerPassage7（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测）Weareacultured

rowninginourpossessions.Wetakeinmoreandmore(holiday,birthdays,sales,needs),butrarelyfindanopportunitytogetridofit.Asaresult,ourhom

esfillupwithsomuchstuff.Andbecausewebelievethebestsolutionistofindorganizationaltoolstomanageallofit,weseekoutbiggerc

ontainersormoreefficientorganizationaltipsandtricks.Butsimplyorganizingourstuffmustberepeatedoverandover.Atitsheart,organizingissimplyrearranging.And

thoughwemayfindstoragesolutionstoday,wearequicklyforcedtofindnewonesasearlyastomorrow.Additionally,organizingha

ssomeothermajorshortcomingsthatarerarelyconsidered.Forexample,itdoesn’tbenefitanyoneelse.Thepossessionswerarelyusesitonshelvesinourbasementsorgarage

s,evenwhilesomeofourclosestfriendsdesperatelyneedthem.Ontheotherhand,theactofgettingridofstufffromourhomeaccomplishesmany

purposes.Itisnotatemporarysolution.Itisanactionofpermanence—onceanitemhasbeenremoved,itisremovedcompletely.Whetherwere-sellourp

ossessions,donatethemtocharity,orgivethemtoafriend,theyareimmediatelyputtousebythosewhoneedthem.Removingpos

sessionsbeginstoturnbackourdesireformoreaswefindfreedomandhappinessinowningless.Andremovingourselvesfromtheall-consum

ingdesiretoownmorecreatesopportunitiesforsignificantlifechangestotakeplace.Ifyou’restrugglingwithhowtogetridofstuff,youcanfirstch

allengeyourselftoremovetheunneededthingsinyourhome,carryatrashbagfromroom-to-room,seehowbigofadonationpileyoucanmake,andeveneliminatedebtbys

ellingwhatyounolongerneed.Itdoesn’tmatterhowyouremovethem,foritisfarbettertoremovethantoalwaysorgani

ze.25．Whatistheproblemwithsimplyorganizingstuff?A．Fewtoolsandtricksareavailable.B．Itneedstoberepeatedveryoften.C．Peoplecannotsavemoneybyorganizi

ng.D．Desiretobuymoredisappearsbyorganizing.26．Howcanweremoveunnecessarypossessions?A．Byresellingthemtoothers

.B．Bykeepingthemintrashbags.C．Bystoringtheminthegarage.D．Bypilingthemontheshelves.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”meaninP

aragraph5?A．getridofB．getoverC．addtoD．takechargeof28．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplaintheadvanta

gesanddisadvantagesoforganizingthings.B．Toinformreadersofthewaystogetridofunnecessarypossessions.C．To

callforpeopletoremovestuffinsteadofjustorganizing.D．Toappealtopeopletomakedonationstopeopleinneed.