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2023年茂名市高三级第一次综合测试英语试卷试卷共8页,卷面满分120分,折算成130分计入总分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案

后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后,请将答

题卡上交。第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AHerearesomeoftheprettiestsmalltownsacrossEurope

,fromhumblefishingtownstohilltopmedievalpowerbases.Giethoorn,NetherlandsTheycallittheDutchanswertoVe

nice,butGiethoornlacksonecrucialthingthattheItaliancityhasinspades:overtourism.AsinVenice,liferevolvesaroundthewa

ter,here-therearenocarsinthecentersotheonlywaytogetaroundisonfootoronthewater.Roscoff,FrancePorttown

scanberatherdirty.NotlovelylittleRoscoff,though,inFrance’sBrittanyregion,whichbuiltitsfortuneonmaritimetrade.Today,it’sacenterofth

alassotherapy,usingseawatertotreatmedicalconditions,aswellasabeautifulBretontown.Tinyfishingboatsrestinthesmallharbor-withalar

gerone,whereferriesleaveforPlymouthintheUK,furtherout.Dinkelsbühl,GermanyAcutehistoriccenter,woodenhousesandlargetowers—Dinkel

sbühlhasitall.WrappedbymedievalwallswithavastGothicchurch,StGeorge’sMinster,itwasthesettingforWernerHerzog’sfilm“TheEnigmaofKasparHauser.

”Clovelly,UKDonkeysusedtobetheonlywaytogetupanddownthesteepstreetsofClovelly,aprettyfishingvillageinDevon,

southwestEngland.Today,theystillhaven’tmanagedtobringcarsin—itsitsatthebottomofa400-footcliff(悬崖).Instead,goodsaretransportedbyman-poweredsl

edges(雪橇)andiftouristscan’tfacethewalkbackuptothecarpark,theycangrabarideinaLandRoverinstead.1.Whereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoreceiveahealthtreat

ment?A.Giethoorn.B.Roscoff.C.Dinkelsbühl.D.Clovelly.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatClovelly?A.Takeaboattour.B.Drive

acar.C.Getaroundonfoot.D.Takeaman-poweredsledge.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toamusereaders.B.Totellthehistory.C.Toeduc

atetourists.D.Tointroducesights.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了欧洲最美丽的一些小镇，各有特点，吸引游客前往游览。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Today,it’sacenterofthalassotherap

y,usingseawatertotreatmedicalconditions,aswellasabeautifulBretontown.(今天，它是一个地中海治疗中心，使用海水治疗疾病，也是一个美丽的布雷顿小镇。)”可知，这个美丽小镇可以使用海水治疗疾病，因此想要接受健康治疗

的人可以前往Roscoff。故选B项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据本文最后一句“Today,theystillhaven’tmanagedtobringcarsin—itsitsatthebottomofa400-footcliff(悬崖).(今天，他们仍然

没有设法把汽车带进来——它坐落在400英尺高的悬崖底部)”可知，车辆无法进入Clovelly，所以游客要步行游览。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Herearesomeoftheprettiestsmalltow

nsacrossEurope,fromhumblefishingtownstohilltopmedievalpowerbases.(这里有一些欧洲最美丽的小镇，从简陋的渔村到山顶中世纪的权力基地。)”可知，本文旨在介绍欧洲最美丽的小镇，介绍

旅游胜地。故选D项。BImaginethemostEnglish-Englishpersonyoucanthinkof.NowI’mfairlycertainthatnomatterwhatpictureyoujustthoughtu

p,thatpersoncomescompletewithastiffupperlipandacupofteaintheirhand,becausethat’swhattheEnglishdo.Theycarryonandtheydrinktea.TeaissoutterlyEnglis

h,sucharootedpartoftheculture,thatit’salsorootedinhoweveryoneelsearoundtheworldperceivesthatculture.Andwhileit’sfa

irlycommonknowledgethatWesternershaveChinatothankfortheoriginalcultivationofteadrinking,it’sfarlessknownthatitwa

sthePortuguesewhoinspireditspopularityinEnglandinparticular,onePortuguesewoman.Travelbackintimeto1662,whenCatherineofBraganza(daughter

ofPortugal’sKingJohnIV)wonthehandofEngland’snewlyrestoredmonarch,KingCharlesII,withthehelpofaverylargedowry(嫁妆)thatincludedmoney,spices,treasuresandt

hehighlyprofitableportsofTangiersandBombay.Thismadeheroneveryimportantlady:theQueenofEngland,ScotlandandIreland.Whensherelocatedupnor

thtojoinKingCharles,sheissaidtohavepackedloose-leafteaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itwouldalsohavelikelybeenpartofherdowry.Afu

nlegendhasitthattheboxesweremarkedIransportedeErvasAromaticas(TransportofAromaticHerbs)latershortenedtoT.E.A.Thatlastbitprobablyisn’ttrue(exp

ertsbelievetheword“tea”camefromaChinesecharacter),butwhatisforsureisthatteawasalreadypopularamongtheupperclassofPortuga

lduetothecountry’sdirecttradelinetoChinaviaMacau.4.WhatdopeoplethinkofteadrinkinginBritain?A.Typical.B.Fashionable.C.Incredible.D.Unusual.5.Wh

opromotedthefashionofteadrinkinginEngland?A.CommonWesterners.B.TheChinesepeople.C.Portugal’sKingJohnIV.D.TheQueenofKingCharlesII.

6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.TeawaspartofthedowryofCatherineofBraganza.B.Theword‘tea’camefromPortuguesem

arksontheboxes.C.TeabecamepopularinPortugalearlierthanitdidinEngland.D.ThedirecttradelinebetweenChinaandEnglanddevelopedbecauseoftea.7.Whichisthemost

suitabletitleforthetext?A.ThestorybehindBritishteadrinking.B.ThelegendofteadrinkinginPortugal.C.TheoriginofWeste

rners’teadrinking.D.ThehistoryofteatradebetweenChinaandBritain.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国饮茶文化背后的起源故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根

据第一段第二句“NowI’mfairlycertainthatnomatterwhatpictureyoujustthoughtup,thatpersoncomescompletewithastiffupperl

ipandacupofteaintheirhand,becausethat’swhattheEnglishdo.(现在我很确定，不管你刚刚想到的是什么画面，那个人都是紧绷着上嘴唇，手里拿着一杯茶，因为英国人就是这样做的)”可知，人们认为英国人喝茶很典型。故选A。【5题详

解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Andwhileit’sfairlycommonknowledgethatWesternershaveChinatothankfortheoriginalcultivationofteadrinking,it’sfarlessknownthatitwas

thePortuguesewhoinspireditspopularityinEnglandinparticular,onePortuguesewoman.(众所周知，西方人要感谢中国是饮茶的起源，但鲜为人知的是，是葡萄牙人，尤其是一位葡萄

牙妇女，激发了饮茶在英国的流行)”和第三段第一句“Travelbackintimeto1662,whenCatherineofBraganza(daughterofPortugal’sKingJohnIV)w

onthehandofEngland’snewlyrestoredmonarch,KingCharlesII,withthehelpofaverylargedowry(嫁妆)thatincludedmoney,spices,treasure

sandthehighlyprofitableportsofTangiersandBombay.(追溯到1662年，布拉干萨的凯瑟琳（葡萄牙国王约翰四世的女儿）在一大笔嫁妆的帮助下赢得了英国新复辟君主查理二世的手，嫁妆包括金钱、香料、珍宝以及利润丰

厚的坦吉尔和孟买港口)”可知，英国国王查理二世的王后促进了英国的饮茶风尚。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒第二段第一句“WhensherelocatedupnorthtojoinKingCharles,sheissaidtohavepackedloose-lea

fteaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itwouldalsohavelikelybeenpartofherdowry.(当她搬到北方加入查尔斯国王时，据说她把散叶茶作为私人物品一部分；这很可能也是她嫁妆的一部分)”和最后一段中的“butwhatisforsure

isthatteawasalreadypopularamongtheupperclassofPortugalduetothecountry’sdirecttradelinetoChinaviaMacau(但可以肯定的是，由于葡萄牙通过澳门与中国

的直接贸易关系，茶叶在葡萄牙上层阶级中已经很受欢迎)”可知，茶在葡萄牙比在英国流行得早。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Andwhileit’sfairlycommonknowledgethatWesternershaveChinatothankfortheor

iginalcultivationofteadrinking,it’sfarlessknownthatitwasthePortuguesewhoinspireditspopularityinEnglandinparticular,onePortuguese的woman.(众所周知，西方人要感谢中

国是饮茶的起源，但鲜为人知的是，是葡萄牙人，尤其是一位葡萄牙妇女，激发了饮茶在英国的流行)”，第三段第一句中的“Travelbackintimeto1662(追溯到1662年)”和第四段“WhensherelocatedupnorthtojoinKingCharles,

sheissaidtohavepackedloose-leafteaaspartofherpersonalbelongings;itwouldalsohavelikelybeenpartofherdowry.Afunlegendhasitthattheboxesw

eremarkedIransportedeErvasAromaticas(TransportofAromaticHerbs)latershortenedtoT.E.A.(当她搬到北方加入查尔斯国王时，据说她把散叶茶作为私人物品的一部分；这很可能也是她嫁妆

的一部分。一个有趣的传说是，这些盒子被标记为IransportedeErvasAromaticas（芳香草药运输），后来被简称为T.E.A)”可知，文章主要是讲英国茶饮背后的故事。故选A。CWillskippingbrea

kfastmakemefat?Thegoodnewsforthosewhodon’thavebreakfastisthatputtingonweightisn’tinevitable—aslongasyoucontrolthosehigh-caloriedesiresandstayac

tive.Researchshowsthatalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyouhungrierandyoumightmakeupforthatwithabigger

lunch,thiswon’tnecessarilymakeyou“fatter”—onaverage,thosewhoskipbreakfastdon’teatmoreacrossthewholedaythaniftheydidn’tskipit

.Someresearchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercaloriesoverall,andendupusingyourbody’sfatreservesforenergy,w

hichcanactuallyhelpyouloseweight.However,weightisn’ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersarelikelyto

exerciseless.Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergylevels-aftereighthoursorsowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedupmostofitsstoresofeasy-to-ac

cessenergyduringsleep.Morningfastersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,butappetite-suppressinghabits,suchassmokingordrinkingalotofcoffee.Ifyouwanttoen

surethatyoueataregular,nutritiousbreakfast,trypreparingitthenightbeforedon’tleaveituntilthemorning,whenyourbrainstruggl

estomakegooddecisions.Ifyoudoskipbreakfast...■Don’tmakeupforitwithahugelunch,otherwiseyou’llsufferovereating.

■Makesureyoueatsomethingbeforeyouexercise,oryourisk“hittingthewall”.■Don’tmakeupforlackofenergywithcoffee-itcanmakeyouloseyourappet

iteandmakeyouanxiousandnervous.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inevitable”meaninParagraph2?A.Unbelievable.B.Unavoidable.C.Uncomfortable.D.Unbear

able.9.Whydosomebreakfast-skippersloseweight?A.Theydomoreexercise.B.Theystayactiveallday.C.Theyreserve

theirbodyfat.D.Theytakeinfewercalories.10.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Aimsofthestudies.B.Waysoflosingweight.C.Effectsofskippingbrea

kfast.D.Suggestionsforbreakfast-skippers.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsskippingbreakfast?A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Doubt

ful.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中主要就不吃早餐是否会变胖的问题展开论述，引用了各种研究结果和发现。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据后文“aslongasyo

ucontrolthosehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.(只要你控制对高热量食物的渴望并保持活跃)”可知，只要控制对高热量食物的渴望并保持活跃，对于那些不吃早餐的人

来说，好消息是体重并不是不可避免的，故画线词意思是“不可避免的”。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Someresearchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercaloriesoverall,andendupusingyourbody’sfat

reservesforenergy,whichcanactuallyhelpyouloseweight.(一些研究人员发现，你甚至可以摄入更少的卡路里，最终利用身体的脂肪储备来获取能量，这实际上可以帮助你减肥)”可知，有些不吃早餐的人会减肥因为他们摄入的卡路里更少。故选D。

【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“However,weightisn’ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersarelikelyt

oexerciseless.Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergylevels-aftereighthoursorsowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedup

mostofitsstoresofeasy-to-accessenergyduringsleep.Morningfastersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,butappetite-suppressingh

abits,suchassmokingordrinkingalotofcoffee.(然而，体重并不是唯一的考虑因素：研究表明，不吃早餐的人可能锻炼得更少。这可能是因为他们的能量水平较低——在不进食8

小时左右后，身体将在睡眠中消耗掉大部分易于获取的能量。早起禁食的人也更有可能有不健康但抑制食欲的习惯，比如吸烟或喝大量咖啡)”可知，第三段主要讲了不吃早餐的影响。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchshowsth

atalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyouhungrierandyoumightmakeupforthatwithabiggerlunch,thiswon’tnecessarilymakeyou“fatter”—onaverage,t

hosewhoskipbreakfastdon’teatmoreacrossthewholedaythaniftheydidn’tskipit.(研究表明，尽管不吃早餐会让你更饿，你可能会用一顿丰盛的午餐来弥补，但这并不一

定会让你“更胖”——平均而言，不吃早餐的人一整天都不会比不吃早餐的人吃得更多)”以及第三段“However,weightisn’ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersar

elikelytoexerciseless.(然而，体重并不是唯一的考虑因素：研究表明，不吃早餐的人可能锻炼得更少)”可推知，文中不涉及作者对不吃早餐的态度，即作者对不吃早餐的态度是客观的。故选A。DThewires,screen

sandbatteriesthatmakeupourdevices-nottomentiontheplastic,metalandothermaterialsthatpackagethem-arefillinguplandfi

lls.Somee-wasteisrelativelylarge:oldphonesandairconditioners,forinstance.Othere-wasteismorehidden,suchaselectronic

single-usemedicaldiagnostickits,environmentalsensors,andsmartlabelsthatcontainone-offbatteriesandotherequipment.“It’sthesesmallbatteriest

hatarebigproblems,”sayspublichealthscientistDeleOgunseitan,whowasnotinvolvedindevelopingthebattery.”Nobodyreall

ypaysattentiontowheretheyendup.ResearchersattheCellulose&WoodMaterialsLaboratoryattheSwissFederalLaboratoriesfo

rMaterialsScienceandTechnology(Empa)areworkingtoaddressthisproblem.TheirnewpaperinScientificReportsdescribesapaperbatterydeveloped

fromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallypresentasustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriescommoni

nlow-powerdevices.Thepaperbatteryhasthesamekeycomponentsasstandardbatteriesbutpackagesthemdifferently.Likeatypi

calchemicalbattery,ithas-apositivelychargedsidecalledacathode(正极),anegativelychargedsidecalledananode(负极),andaconductivematerialcalledanele

ctrolyte(电解质)betweenthetwo.Atraditionalbattery’scomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprintedontothefr

ontandbackofapieceofpaper.Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves(溶解)whenthepaperisdampenedwithwater.Theresultingsaltwatersolutionac

tsastheelectrolyte.Whenthepaperisdry,thebatteryisshelf-stable.Addjustacoupleofdropsofwater,however,andthesaltdissolves,allowingelectron

stoflow.Oncethepaperisdampened,thebatterybecomesactivewithin20seconds.Thenewbattery’soperatingperformancedeclinesas

thepaperdries.Whenthescientistsrewetthepaperduringtesting,thebatteryregainedfunctionalityandlastedanhourbeforebeginningtodryoutagain

.12.WhatcanweinferaboutsmalldisposalbatteriesaccordingtoDeleOgunseitan?ATheyarenobigproblems.B.Theyneedtobeaddressed.C.Theyshouldbem

adelarger..D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.13.What’sspecialaboutthenewbattery?A.Ithasacathodeandananode.B.Ithasdifferentkeycomponents.C.I

tscathodeandanodeareprintedonpaper.D.Itscomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal.14.Whatisusedtomakethenewbatterystarttooperate?A.Salt.B.Metal.C.I

nk.D.Water.15.Inwhichsectioncanwefindthetext?A.Advances.B.Reviews.C.Culture.D.Opinion.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【

导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的电池，同时讲述了该电池的工作原理以及相关应用。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Othere-wasteismorehidden,suchaselectron

icsingle-usemedicaldiagnostickits,environmentalsensors,andsmartlabelsthatcontainone-offbatteriesandotherequipment.(其他电子垃圾则较为隐蔽，如电

子一次性医疗诊断包、环境传感器以及包含一次性电池和其他设备的智能标签。)”以及第二段中““It’sthesesmallbatteriesthatarebigproblems,”sayspublichealthscientistDe

leOgunseitan,whowasnotinvolvedindevelopingthebattery.”Nobodyreallypaysattentiontowheretheyendup.(“这些小电池才是大问题，”公共卫生科学家DeleOgunseitan说，他

没有参与电池的开发。没有人真正关注它们最终会去哪里。)”可知，由于较小的一次性电池垃圾较为隐蔽，所以很少有人会真正的关注它们最终会去哪里。由此推断这些较小的一次性电池垃圾是亟需解决的。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解

题。根据倒数第二段中“Atraditionalbattery’scomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprinted

ontothefrontandbackofapieceofpaper.(传统电池的组件用塑料和金属包装；在新电池中，阳极和阴极是印刷在纸张正面和背面的墨水。)”可知，新型电池中阳极和阴极是印在一张纸的正反面的墨水。故选C。【

14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves(溶解)whenthepaperisdampenedwithwater.Theresultingsal

twatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte.(这张纸里装满了盐，当纸被水浸湿时，盐就会溶解。由此产生的盐水溶液充当电解质。)”以及最后一段中“Addjustacoupleofdro

psofwater,however,andthesaltdissolves,allowingelectronstoflow.(然而，只要加入几滴水，盐就会溶解，让电子流动。)”可知，水是用来使新电池开始工作的。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文以及第三段中“T

heirnewpaperinScientificReportsdescribesapaperbatterydevelopedfromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallyprese

ntasustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.(他们在《科学报告》上发表的新论文描述了一种由环保材料开发的纸电池，最终可能成为低功耗设备中常见的有害电池的可持续替代品。)”可知，文章介绍的是一

种新型的电池，介绍了该电池的工作原理以及相关应用。故可以推断文章出自先进科技部分。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Foursurprisingwaystoboostyourhearthe

althAsmuchas80percentofprematureheartdiseaseispreventablebymakingspecificlifestylechoices.Somestrategies,suchasexerc

isingandmanagingweight,arewellknown.___16___“Asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthelongrun,”sayspreventivecardiolo

gistDr.BethAbramson,aspokespersonfortheHeartandStroke(中风)FoundationofCanada.Geteighthoursofsleep.Ifwedon’thaveenou

ghsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingbloodpressure,inflammationandglucoselevels.___17______18___Doinggoodforothershelpsyoursel

f-respectandrelievesstress.ResearchissuedinPsychosomaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposeinlifeislinkedtoalowerlikelihoodofheartattackandstro

ke.Dependingonthetypeofworkyoudovolunteeringmightevenincreaseyourphysicalactivity.Avoidpollutedair.Expos

uretothiskindofpollutionovertimeraisesyourriskofheartdisease.___19___Trytogetyouroutdoorexercisefarawayfromhighwaysandin

dustrialdistricts,andspendmoretimeindoorswhentheairquality,indexispoor.Laugh.A2016studyintheJournalofEpidemiologyofmorethan20,000peopleover

theageof65foundalowerriskofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseinthosewhoreportedlaughingeveryday.___20___Itmayalsoserveasamini-workout,help

ingyourcirculationandprotectingthehealthofyourarteries(动脉).A.Bekindtoothers.B.Engageinvolunteerwork.C.Youshouldlaugheveryd

ay.D.Laughterreducesstressanddepression.E.Butothersmaynothavecrossedyourmind.F.Thesefactorscanallhaveanimpactonhearthealth.G.Eve

nshortperiodsofitareunhealthyforpeoplewithothercardiovascularrisks【答案】16.E17.F18.B19.G20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明

文。日常生活中的一个小小的改变，从长远来看可能会对预防心脏病产生巨大的影响。文章主要介绍了几个这样的改变。【16题详解】上文“Asmuchas80percentofprematureheartdiseaseispreventablebymakingspeci

ficlifestylechoices.Somestrategies,suchasexercisingandmanagingweight,arewellknown.(通过选择特定的生活方式，多达80%的早产儿心脏病是可以预防的。一些策略

，如锻炼和控制体重，是众所周知的。)”提到一些特定的生活方式能预防早产儿心脏病，下文““Asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthelongrun,”sayspreventivecard

iologistDr.BethAbramson,aspokespersonfortheHeartandStroke(中风)FoundationofCanada.(加拿大心脏和中风基金会发言人、预防心脏病专家贝丝·艾布拉姆森博士说:“日常生活中的一个小

小的改变，从长远来看可能会产生巨大的影响。”)”提到小的改变也能对预防心脏病产生巨大的影响，由此可知，前后是转折关系，空处应该是引起下文，E项“Butothersmaynothavecrossedyourmind.(但你

可能没想过别的。)”符合，故选E。【17题详解】上文“Ifwedon’thaveenoughsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingbloodpressure,inflammationan

dglucoselevels.(如果我们没有足够睡眠，我们的身体也很难控制血压、炎症和血糖水平。)的”提到缺少足够的睡眠会导致我们很难控制血压，炎症和血糖水平，结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了一些小的改变能预防心脏病，由此可知，空处承接上文，指出血压，炎症和

血糖水平得不到控制后对心脏产生一定的影响，F项“Thesefactorscanallhaveanimpactonhearthealth.(这些因素都会对心脏健康产生影响。)”符合，“Thesefactors”指代上文提到的bloodpressure,inflammat

ionandglucoselevels，故选F。【18题详解】此处是本段小标题。由下文“Doinggoodforothershelpsyourself-respectandrelievesstress.ResearchissuedinPsycho

somaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposeinlifeislinkedtoalowerlikelihoodofheartattackandstroke.Dependingonthetypeofworkyoudo,v

olunteeringmightevenincreaseyourphysicalactivity.(为他人做好事有助于你的自尊和减轻压力。2016年心身疾病发布的研究表明，生活的目标感与较低的心脏病发作和中风的可能性有关。根据你的工作类型，志愿者活动甚至可能增加你的体力活动。)”可知，做志愿

者活动能降低心脏病发作的可能性，所以B项“Engageinvolunteerwork.(从事志愿者工作。)”适合做本段小标题，故选B。【19题详解】上文“Exposuretothiskindofpollutionovertimeraisesyou

rriskofheartdisease.(长期接触这种污染会增加患心脏病的风险。)”提到长期接触污染的空气会增加患心脏病的风险，下文“Trytogetyouroutdoorexercisefarawayfromh

ighwaysandindustrialdistricts,andspendmoretimeindoorswhentheairqualityindexispoor.(尽量让你的户外运动远离高速公路和工业区，当空气质量指数较差时，花更多的时间在室内。)”讲到我们应该尽量避免污

染的空气，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，也讲述接触空气污染对心脏的危害，G项“Evenshortperiodsofitareunhealthyforpeoplewithothercardiovascularrisks(即使是很短的一段时间，对于有其他心血管疾病风险的人来说也是不健康的)”符合，故选

G。【20题详解】上文“A2016studyintheJournalofEpidemiologyofmorethan20,000peopleovertheageof65foundalowerriskofcardiovascular(心血管)diseaseinthosewhorepo

rtedlaughingeveryday.(2016年发表在《流行病学杂志》上的一项研究发现，那些报告每天大笑的人患心血管疾病的风险较低。该研究调查了20000多名65岁以上的老年人。)”指出研究发现，每天大笑的人患心血管疾病的风险较低，由此可知

，空处应该承接上文，指出大笑的好处，D项“Laughterreducesstressanddepression.(笑可以减轻压力和抑郁。)”符合，下文“It”代指选项中的“Laughter”，故选D。第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分

30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。的Oneday,avendor(小贩)cametoourdoorstep,sellingbundlesofvegetable

spricedatonedollarperbundle.Mymom’s___21___was50cents,nomorethanthat,butshe___22___tobuyfourbundlesatthatprice.Politelydeclaringthatshe

wouldn’teven___23___thecostatthatprice,thevendorwalkedaway.Aftertakingfourstepsahead,however,she___24___andshouted,“Makeit75cent

erbundle,andIwillsellittoyou.”Momshookherheadand___25___toheroriginalofferof50cents.___26___forawhile,thev

endorcamebacktoourdoorstep.Thedealwas___27___atmymom’sbid.Mymompaidthemoney.Thevendortookitwithoutevencount

ing.Asshe___28___,sheswayed(摇晃)duetoapparentdizziness.Mymomheldherhandsandaskedwhethershehadhadany___29___inthemorning.Thevendorsaid,“No,I

willneedtobuysomewithtoday’searnings.”Mymomaskedhertositdown,___30___inside,camebackswiftlywithsomefoodanddrinkandofferedthemtothevendor

.Thevendorhungrilyand___31___,finishedthemall.Thankingmymomforallthefood,shewentonherway.Iwas___32___.Iaskedmymomwhyshewassomeaninbargaining

for50centsbutwas___33___inofferingfoodofamuchhigherpricetothatvendor.Momsmiledandsaid,“Thereisnokindnessinbusiness,butmytreatingthevendorkindly

isfrommymorality,whichisdifferentfrom___34___.Remember,thereshall___35___,beanybusinessinkindness.”21.A.offerB.moneyC.changeD.discount22.A.refus

edB.failedC.promisedD.decided23.A.cutB.coverC.shareD.shift24.A.walkedonB.passedbyC.wentawayD.turnedback25.A.stuckB.objectedC.refe

rredD.responded26.A.CountingB.PreparingC.WanderingD.Hesitating27.A.canceledB.settledC.interruptedD.suggeste

d28.A.roseB.ateC.enteredD.refused29.A.restB.foodC.moneyD.medicine30.A.lookedB.hurriedC.pointedD.moved31.A.carefullyB.patientlyC.embarras

sedlyD.gratefully32.A.movedB.shockedC.puzzledD.troubled33.A.politeB.honestC.friendlyD.generous34.A.interestB.kindnessC.businessD.friendship35.A

.neverB.alwaysC.usuallyD.sometimes【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.D27.B28.A29.B30.B31.D32.C33.D34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述妈妈在买蔬菜时坚持和小贩讨价还价，却在小贩险些

晕倒时慷慨相助，作者感到困惑，妈妈解释说帮助小贩是出于道德，但是没有仁慈的生意。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈的报价是50美分，没有更多，但她答应以这个价格买四捆。A.offer报价；B.money钱；C.ch

ange零钱；D.discount折扣。根据语境可知，妈妈向小贩报价50美分买蔬菜，下文“heroriginalofferof50cents”也是提示。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.refu

sed拒绝；B.failed失败；C.promised承诺；D.decided决定。根据“nomorethanthat”以及转折词but可知，妈妈虽然不同意加价，但是承诺会买四捆蔬菜。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小贩礼貌地表示，那个价格甚至不足以支付成本，然后就走开

了。A.cut切；B.cover足以支付；C.share分享；D.shift转移。根据“thevendorwalkedaway”可知，小贩说妈妈的出价连成本都不足以支付。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是，她向前

走了四步后，回头喊道：“75美分一捆成交，我就卖给你。”A.walkedon继续走；B.passedby经过；C.wentaway走开；D.turnedback转身。上文提到小贩走开了，结合下文“Makeit75centerbundle,andIwillsellittoyou.”可知，她应是转身向

妈妈喊道。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈摇了摇头，坚持她最初的50美分的报价。A.stuck坚持；B.objected反对；C.referred提及；D.responded回应。根据“Momshookherhead”可知，妈妈不同意75美分的价格

，坚持最初的报价。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：犹豫了一会儿，小贩又来到我们家门口。A.Counting计数；B.Preparing准备；C.Wandering游荡；D.Hesitating犹豫。结合语境及“thevendorcamebacktoourdoorstep”

可知，小贩想要卖75美分一捆，但是妈妈坚持报价50美分，小贩应是犹豫了一会儿，然后答应了。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这笔交易以我妈妈的出价达成。A.canceled取消；B.settled确定；C.interrupted打扰；D

.suggested建议。根据“Mymompaidthemoney.(我的妈妈付了钱)”可知，交易最后确定以妈妈的报价完成。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她站起来时，由于明显的头晕，她有点摇晃。A.rose站起；B.ate吃；C.entered进入；D.refu

sed拒绝。根据“sheswayed(摇晃)duetoapparentdizziness及下一段中“Mymomaskedhertositdown(我妈妈让她坐下)”可知，小贩在站起来时，由于头晕而摇摇晃晃。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈拉着她的手，问她早

上有没有吃东西。A.rest休息；B.food食物；C.money钱；D.medicine药。根据下文妈妈给小贩一些食物和饮料可知，此处妈妈是问小贩早上有没有吃东西。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈让她坐下，匆匆进屋，拿着一些食物和饮料迅速回来，把它们递给了小贩。A.look

ed看；B.hurried匆忙；C.pointed指向；D.moved移动。根据“camebackswiftly”及语境可知，小贩险些晕倒，妈妈应是匆忙进屋拿一些食物和饮料。故选B。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意

：小贩又饿又感激地把它们都吃光了。A.carefully仔细地；B.patiently耐心地；C.embarrassedly尴尬地；D.gratefully感激地。根据下文“Thankingmymomforallthefood(感谢我妈妈给的食物)”可知，小贩感激妈妈。故选D。

【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很困惑。A.moved感动的；B.shocked震惊的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.troubled混乱的。根据下一句“Iaskedmymom…”可知，作者对妈妈的行为感到困惑。故选

C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我问妈妈，为什么她在讨价还价时那么吝啬，却慷慨地以更高的价格向那个小贩提供食物。A.polite礼貌的；B.honest诚实的；C.friendly友好的；D.generous慷慨的。根据转折词but可知，此处和“mean”形成对比，表示“慷慨的”。故选

D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈笑着说：“生意上没有善良，但我对小贩好是我的道德，和生意上不一样。记住，永远没有仁慈的生意。”A.interest兴趣；B.kindness善良；C.business生意；D.friendship友谊。

根据“Thereisnokindnessinbusiness”可知，此处指道德和做生意不一样。故选C。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.never永不；B.always总是；C.usually通

常；D.sometimes有时。根据上文妈妈坚持自己的报价及语境可知，此处指“永远没有仁慈的生意”。故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinesestructuralbiologistYanNing

announcedonNovember1st,2022thatshewouldresign___36___PrincetonUniversityintheUSandjoinintheestablishmento

fShenzhenMedicalAcademyofResearchandTranslation(SMART)inthenearfuture.“Inthenearfuture,IwillreturntoChinafull-time___37

___(assist)inestablishinganewresearchanddevelopmentinstitutioninShenzhencalledSMART,___38___(integrate)severalf

unctionsincludingscientificresearch,transformation,educationandfinancialsupport,YansaidattheShenzhenGlobalInnovationTalentForum.Whileteach

ingatTsinghuaUniversityin2014,YanNing___39___(lead)ateamtoanalyzethethree-dimensionalcrystalstructureofthehumanglucosetransporterG

LUT1initially.Aftertheachievement___40___(publish)inNature,it___41___,(immediate)receivedwidespreadattentionandpraisefromtheinternatio

nalacademiccommunity.YanearnedherPh.D.atPrincetonin2004___42___returnedin2017asthe___43___(one)ShirleyM.TilghmanProfessorofMolecularBiology.Y

ansaidshewantedtosupportmoreoutstanding___44___(scholar)andtacklethevarioushealththreatsfacingmankind.Shenzhenoffered___45___rightopportunity

,andthecitycanbuilditsplaceintheglobalbiomedicinefield,Yansaid.【答案】36.from37.toassist38.integrating39.led40.was

published41.immediately42.and43.first44.scholars45.the【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国结构生物学家颜宁于2022年11月1日宣布，她将辞去在美国的普林斯顿大学，并在不久的将来参与建立深圳医学研究与翻译学院。【36题详

解】考查介词。句意：中国结构生物学家颜宁于2022年11月1日宣布，她将辞去在美国的普林斯顿大学，并在不久的将来参与建立深圳医学研究与翻译学院。resignfrom固定搭配，意为“从……辞职”，故填from。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：颜宁在深圳全球创新人才论坛上说：“在不久的

将来，我将全职回到中国，协助在深圳建立一个名为SMART的新研发机构，集科研、转型、教育和财政支持等多种功能于一体。”句中有谓语，前面无连词，此处表示目的，应用非谓语动词作目的状语，故填toassist。【38题详解

】考查非谓语动词。句意：颜宁在深圳全球创新人才论坛上说：“在不久的将来，我将全职回到中国，协助在深圳建立一个名为SMART的新研发机构，集科研、转型、教育和财政支持等多种功能于一体。”句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰SMART，且S

MART和动词integrate是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填integrating。【39题详解】考查时态。句意：2014年在清华大学教学期间，颜宁带领一个团队初步分析了人葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT1

的三维晶体结构。空处在句中作谓语，由in2014可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语YanNing和动词lead(带领)是主动关系，应用lead的过去式，故填led。【40题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这一成果发表在《自然》杂

志上后，立即受到了国际学术界的广泛关注和赞誉。此处在after引导的状语从句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且theachievement和动词publish之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的

被动，主语是单数，be动词应用was，故填waspublished。【41题详解】考查副词。句意：这一成果发表在《自然》杂志上后，立即受到了国际学术界的广泛关注和赞誉。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词received，

故填immediately。【42题详解】考查连词。句意：颜宁在2004年获得普林斯顿大学博士学位，2017年回国，成为分子生物学第一位雪莉·蒂尔曼教授。前后是顺承关系，应用连词and连接，故填and。【43题详解】考查序数词。句意：颜宁在2004年获得普林斯顿大学博士

学位，2017年回国，成为分子生物学第一位雪莉·蒂尔曼教授。此处表示“第一位雪莉·蒂尔曼教授”，应用序数词first，故填first。【44题详解】考查名词的数。句意：颜宁说她想支持更加杰出的学者，并应对人类面临的各种健康威胁。由more可知，此处应

用名词scholar的复数形式，作宾语，故填scholars。【45题详解】考查冠词。句意：颜宁说，深圳提供了合适的机会，这座城市可以在全球生物医学领域建立自己的地位。此处特指深圳提供的这个机会，应用定冠词the来修饰，故填the。第一部分写作(共两节,满

分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假如你是李华，你的英国好友Mary给你发来邮件，说居家上网课时注意力难以集中，她担心成绩落后，因此向你求助。请你回复她，内容包括：1.安慰；2.建议；3.祝愿。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答

。DearMary,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearMary,Terriblyso

rrytolearnthatyouhavetroubleinstudyingonline.Don’tworryaboutyourfallingbehind.Herearemysuggestions.Howabou

ttidyingupyourdesk,whichwillkeepyouawayfromallthedistractions.What’smore,turnoffalltheappsthatwilldisturbyou.Lastbutnotleast,itisofimport

anceforyoutoengageyourselfintheclassactivelylikesharingyourviewsanddiscussingproblemsbecauseitleavesyounoroomforbeingabsent-minde

d.Hopefully,theseproposalswillbeofsomehelptoyou.Bestwishesforyourimprovement.Yourssincerely,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华，你的英国好友Mary给你发来邮

件，说居家上网课时注意力难以集中，她担心成绩落后，因此向你求助。请你回复她，内容包括：1.安慰；2.建议；3.祝愿。【详解】1.词汇积累得知：learn→know建议：suggestion→advice此外：what’smore→besides参加：engagein→participatein2.

句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Hopefully,theseproposalswillbeofsomehelptoyou.拓展句：Ihopethattheseproposalswillbeofsomehelptoy

ou.【点睛】【高分句型1】Howabouttidyingupyourdesk,whichwillkeepyouawayfromallthedistractions.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Lastbutnotleast,itisofimportance

foryoutoengageyourselfintheclassactivelylikesharingyourviewsanddiscussingproblemsbecauseitleavesyounoroomforbeingabsent-minded.（运用了动名词作宾语）第二节(满分25

分)47.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Helenwasayounggirl.Herparentstaughthertobekind,andshealwayswas.Andshelivedahappylife.Unluckily,on

eday,hermotherhadanaccident.Herrightlegwashurtbadlyandneededanexpensiveoperation.Herfamilycouldn’taffordto

payforit.Althoughtheirfriendsandrelativesalltriedtheirbesttoofferhelpbutitwasfarfromenough.Andtheywereunsurewh

attodonext.Oneday,walkingdownthestreettoabookstorenearby,Helennoticedanoldmantryinghardtoclimbthestepstoanearbypark.Theoldmanwit

hAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔茨海默氏症)lefthomedaysagoandendedupwanderingaroundthestreetswhilehisson,Dr.Smith,adoctoroftheCityHospital,hadbeentryingtofi

ndhimbutinvain.“Hecan’tclimbthesteps.Helookssoweak.”Helensaidto-herself.Withouthesitation,sheranovertohim.“Sir,l

etmehelpyou!”Themanmadenoresponse,thenHelenrepeatedit.Slowlyraisinghishead,themanlookedather,surprised.Helengavehimasmile

andthenhelpedhimclimbthesteps.“Yourhandsareshaking!”Helensaidanxiously.“Areyouokay?”“I’msohungry,”hem

urmured.“Iwanttowalk…totheparkfor…arest.”Afterhelpinghimsitonaparkbench,Helenrushedhomeandreturnedwithsomefood

,onlytofindthemanwaslyingontheground,unconscious.“Sir,pleasewakeup!”shecriedinanxiety.“‘WhatshouldIdo?”shewondered.注意：1.续写词数应为150

左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Lookingaround,shenoticedawomanstandingmetersawaytalkingonthephone._________________________________________________

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______________________“He’smydad!Wheredidyoufindhim?”Dr.Smithcried._______________________________________________________________________

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_______________【答案】Lookingaround,shenoticedawomanstandingmetersawaytalkingonherphone.Shehurriedtoherforhelp.“Excuseme,couldyouhelptheoldmanoverthere

?”Thewomansmiled,“Sure!”Quicklyleadingtheladytotheoldman.Helenurgedthewomantodial911atonce.Whentheambulancearrived.Helen

offeredtoaccompanyhimtotheCityHospital.Shortlyafter,DrSmith,whohappenedtobeonduty,rushedtocheckontheoldman.“He’smydad!Wheredidyoufindhim?”Dr

.Smithcried.HelenbrieflyexplainedtoDr.Smithwhathadhappened.Aftergivinghisfatherpropertreatment.Dr.SmiththankedHelenforhertimelyhelp,asking“Is

theresomethingIcandoinreturnforyourkindness?”“Yes,please!Mymomneedsanoperation.Butwedon’thaveenoughmoney.”Helenrepliedinalowvoic

e.Dr.Smithpromisedtoperformtheoperationonhermomandcovertheexpense.Movedintotears,Helenhadneverthoughtonegoodturndeservedanother.【解析】【导语】

本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了海伦的母亲出了车祸，需要昂贵的手术。她的家人付不起钱。一天，海伦在街上遇到一位患有老年痴呆症的老人突发疾病，海伦在一名女子和救护车的帮助下将老人送往医院。老人的儿子——史密斯医生为了回报海伦，答应给她妈妈做手术并支付费

用的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“环顾四周，她注意到一名女子站在几米远的地方打电话。她急忙向她求助。”可知，第一段可描写海伦向女子求助，并将老人送往医院。②由第二段首句内容““他是我的爸爸！你在哪里找到他的？”史密斯医生喊道。”可知，第二

段可描写史密斯医生为了回报海伦，答应给她妈妈做手术并支付费用。2.续写线索：求助女子——叫救护车——送医院——感谢——回报3.词汇激活行为类①带领：lead/guide②跑：rush/dash③回答：reply/answer情绪类①.感谢：showinghisapprecia

tion/showhisgratitude/begrateful②感动：moved/touched【点睛】[高分句型1]Shortlyafter,DrSmith,whohappenedtobeonduty,r

ushedtocheckontheoldman.（运用了关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2]Movedintotears,Helenhadneverthoughtonegoodturndeservedanother.（运用了过去分词作状语）