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昌平区2022—2023学年第一学期高二年级期末质量抽测英语试卷本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，

30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AsIstoodinlinewaitingtoc

ashoutatastoreIstudiedthecustomerinfrontofme.Shewasyoungbuthada____1____look—asiflifehadbeatenhermanytim

es.Theitemsinhercart(手推车)includedthecheapestmeatandmeal.Whenthecashierfinallytoldherthe____2____,thewoman’sfacepaled.Sheo

penedawornwalletandbegan____3____smallbillsandcoins.Itwasobviousshedidn’thaveenough,andshecheckedhergroceriestoseewhatshecoulddo

without.Onebyone,she____4____things,butshestillcameupshort.Someonebehindmewasupsetandcomplained.“Nevermind,”Isaidtotheyoungla

dywhosefaceturnedred,“takeyourtime.”Iwaitedquietlyuntilmyturncame.Imovedforwardandmotioned____5____totheitemsthewomanh

adtakenout,addedallmymeatandfreshmilk,andwhispered“____6____bags,samebillplease”tothecashier.Shenodded.I____7____howIcouldputthe

bagswithextrathingsintohercartwithoutbeingcaught.Mydearcashiersolvedtheproblemby“accidentally”rollingseveralorangessohardthattheyflewpastthe

ladyandontothefloor.“I’llgetthose,”thewomanofferedkindlyandranto____8____therunawayfruit.Iquicklyplacedthetwoextrabagsintohercartwhileshe

wasbackwiththeoranges.“Thankyousomuch,”Isaid.“Thankyouforyour____9____,”sherepliedbeforeleaving.Thatnight,Itho

ughtabouttheyoungladywhoIhopedwasenjoyingaheartydinnerwithherfamily,andIsentasilentwishthatherlifewo

uldtakea_____10_____soon.1.A.tiredB.delightedC.confusedD.satisfied2.A.wayB.orderC.costD.option3.A.exchangingB.countingC.borrowingD.searching,4A.repl

acedB.soldC.removedD.provided5.A.unreasonablyB.uncomfortablyC.unwillinglyD.unnoticeably6.A.UsefulB.SeparateC.RegularD.Large7.A.remember

edB.explainedC.expectedD.wondered8.A.dealwithB.cleanoffC.pickupD.lookfor9.A.patienceB.generosityC.courageD.honesty10.A.shortc

utB.tumC.chanceD.risk第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。WhenIstartedteachingsciencelastye

ar,Iwasn’tvery____11____(success).Icouldtellfrommystudents’behaviourthattheyfoundmylessonquiteboring.Ifeltquitealotofstress

butthenIrealizedthatIneededtomakeachange.Idecidedtousealotmorepractical____12____(example)andexperimenttohelpthestudentsseewhatI___

_13____(talk)aboutinsteadofjustlistening.Ialsochangedmyteachingapproachtoinvolvingmoregroupwork.Fortunately,itworkedandnowmy

studentstellmetheylovemyclasses.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。Arecentstudyfoundthatextremeenviron

mentalchangecouldcausean“extinctiondominoeffect.”____14____itmayseemunimportantifweloseoneratspecies,itmattersbe

causeallspecies____15____(connect)throughtheirinteractionsinaweboflife.Abalancedecosystemisoneinwhicheachspeciesplaysanimpor

tantroleandreliesontheservicesprovidedbyotherspecies____16____(survive).Healthyecosystemsaremoreproductiveandresistanttodisruptions.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。Inthe17thcentury,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts,andp

eoplelikeGalileoGalilei,____17____provedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecenteroftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoone____18____(come

)totheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsand.didn’twanttochallenge____19____theyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Itisnotsurprisingtha

tpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideasastheyhadbeenputforward____20____thegreatphilosopherAristotle.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每

小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASurroundingScienceAnewScienceMuseumappexplorescommonobj

ectsintheworldaroundyou.Ifyou’veplayedthemobilegamePokémonGo,you’llknowthatitsmonsterscanbefoundwhereveryouwalk.Nowthetechnolog

ybehindthatgameisbeingusedforanewappfromtheScienceMuseum.It’scalledWonderlabARandisfreetodownloadfromtheappstore

sonAppleandAndroidmobilephones.Theaimistoencouragepeopletogetoutsideandlearnaboutthescienceinoureverydayenvironment—fromtrafficlightsandelectriccar

chargingpointstocashpoints,telephonesandeventoilets.Insteadofcatchingmonsters,inthisgameyou’relookingfor“discoveries”(astheappc

allsthem)fromdifferentfieldsofscience:includingelectricity,forces,light,mathsandsound.Theappusesaugmented-reality(AR)technologyf

romacompanycalledNiantic,whichisbestknownasthedeveloperofPokémonGo.That’swhyWonderlabARlooksquitealotlikethatgam

e,showingyouamapofthe“discoveries”inyourcurrentlocationintherealworld.You’llseethemonthemapbuttocoll

ectthem,youhavetowalktotheirreal-worldlocation.AlthoughtheScienceMuseumisinLondon,theappworksanywhereinthecountryandtherearelotso

fthingstodiscovernearyou.Alongsidetheapp,thereisalsoanewwebsitefromtheScienceMuseumcalledWonderlab+(tinyu

rl.com/TWJ-Wonderlab).Thissiteisforyoungpeopleagedsevento15yearsoldandisamixtureoffunmathsandsciencehands-onactivities,includingYouTubevideo

s,onlinequizzes,questionsandgames.BoththeappandwebsitearebasedontheWonderlabgalleriesthatpeoplecanvisitattheScienceMuseuminLo

ndonandtheNationalScienceandMediaMuseuminBradford,England.TheappandwebsiteallowpeoplewholiveinotherpartsoftheUKtolearnmoreaboutthescienceofever

ydayobjectsandexperiencetheexhibitions.21.WiththenewappWonderlabAR,youcan________.A.learnaboutsciencearoundyouB.visitthesci

encemuseumonlineC.catchmonsterslikeinPokémonGoDlocateanysciencemuseumsnearby22.FromthepassageweknowthatWonderlab+________.A.isdesigned

forbothchildrenandadultsB.answerspeople’squestionsaboutscienceC.sharesvariousresourcesaboutscienceD.providesachancetoexperimentinthelabs23.Th

eauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto________.A.invitepeopletogotothesciencemuseumB.attractchildren’sattentiontosciencelearningC.introduceanewsciencemus

eumappandawebsiteD.comparethedifferencesbetweentheappandthewebsiteBAlejandroBuxton’scandlebusinessstartedwithaheadache.The12-year-old’smomsuffersf

romallergies,andsomethingintheirhousewascausingherheadtohurt.Aftergoingtothehospital,theydiscoveredthecauseoftheheadache:th

ecandles.Hismomhadnochoicebuttogetridofthescented(有香味的)items.However,heknewhismotherreallylovedcandles.Toliftherspirits,hesetupalabint

hefamily’skitcheninthefallof2019andmadeacandleusingonlynaturalingredients,suchassoyandcoconutwaxes(蜡)andessentialoils.Chemicalsinherold

candleswerecausingtheheadaches.HenamedhisfirstproductJurassicOrange,whichissimilartothefruitincolorandsmell.JurassicOrangewasahitwithhismom,whosehead

achesdisappeared.ButAlejandrowasn’tdoneexperimenting.Withinafewmonths,hehadaboutsixscents,includingChunkySweatersandCozySocks,whichsm

ellslikeafruitdrinkmixedwithapineforest.InSeptember2020,heputhisfirstcollectionofcandlesonEtsy,theonlinemarketplace

thatspecializesinhandmadegoods.Healsosoldcandlesatseasonalmarkets,suchastheoneindowntownD.C.wherethevicepresidentwasshoppingforho

lidaygiftslastyear.Herecommendedtwocandlestothevicepresident.Shetooksomeofhisadvice.JesseBenites,generalmanagerofabigshop

pingmall,saidthevicepresident’svisit“skyrocketed”Alejandro’sfame.AseniormanagercontactedAlejandroandinvitedhimtorentoneofthe12retailca

rtsatthemall.OnSeptember1,2022,SmellofLoveCandlesopenedonthesecondleveloftheshoppingcenter.Alejandroisthemall’syoungestbusinessowner.Insid

ethemall,Alejandroturnedalargeroomintohisproductionfacility,whereheandhisstaffmake600to700candlesaweek.Therewerealtogether25scentsontheshelf

.Hecontinuedtomakenew.,scentsandwantedtoseeallhiscandlesineverysinglehouseholdandloveandjoycomeintothehouses.Alejandro’scandlebusinessm

akesagoodprofit,butforhim,themoneyheearnedisnotjustforhisowncollegefundbutforlocalcharities.24.Alejandrostartedhisbusinessbecausehewan

tedto________.A.solvehismother’sproblemB.earnsomemoneyforthefamilyC.makemorepeoplelovecandlesD.changethew

aycandlesaremade25.WhatdoweknowaboutSmellofLoveCandles?A.Itwasvisitedbythevicepresident.B.ItmainlysellscandlesontheInternet.C.Itteachespeople

howtomakecandles.D.Itwilloffernewscentsofthecandles.26.ThemoneyAlejandromadewillbeusedto____.A.openmorechainstoresB.helpmorep

eopleinneedC.inventnewscentsofthecandlesD.promotehiscandlestomorefamilies27.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeAlejandro?A.Org

anizedandloving.B.Smartandoutgoing.C.Caringandcreative.D.Generousandhonest.CScientistsaregettingabetterlookattheuniversethanksto

thenewJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)—thelargest,mostpowerfulspacetelescopeeverbuilt.ItwassentintospaceonarocketonDec.25,2021andisnowlocatedabout1.6mil

lionkilometresawayfromEarth.Itmovesaroundthesun,keepinginlinewithEarth.ScientistsreleasedthefirstimagestakenbythetelescopeinJuly

2022.Oneoftheseimagesshowsthemostdistantviewoftheuniverseeverseen.OtherimagesfromtheJWSTincludeJupiterandMars,aswellastwoexop

lanets(planetsnotinourownsolarsystem).Thetelescopehasalsocaptured(捕获)imagesoftheSouthernRingNebula,acloudofgassurroundin

gadyingstar,aswellastheCarinaNebula,wherenewlyformingstarscanbeseen.TheJWSTobservesonlyinfraredlight.Thefurtherawaysomething

isintheuniverse,thelongerittakesforitslighttoreachusonEarth.Aslighttravelsthroughspace,itstretchesoutintolonger

andlongerwavelengths.Asitgetslonger,itbecomesinvisibletohumans,andiscalledinfraredlight.BecausetheJWSTseesinfraredlight

,itisabletoseefurtheraway—andfurtherbackintime—thanothertelescopes.Italsorecordsmoredetailsoftheobjectsitobserves.Scientistshopethiswillhelpthemlearn

moreabouttheoriginsoftheuniverse,andbetterunderstandthingslikeblackholes,orhowplanetsandgalaxiesareformed.Theimagesthetelescopesendsb

acktoEarthdonotlooklikethephotographsweseefromscientists.BecausetheJWSTrecordsonlyinfraredlight,theimagesi

tsendsbackappearblacktoahumaneye.However,theyactuallycontainmanydifferentshadesofgreythatrepresentdifferentwavelength

sofinfraredlight.Scientistsworkingwiththeimagesusefilters(过滤器)toseparatethedifferentwavelengths.Thentheygiveeachwavelengthadifferentcoloursoitcan

beseenbyahumaneye.Whenallofthesefilteredlayers(层)ofcolourarecombined,theycreatethecolourfulpicturesthatscientistssen

dout.Addingcolourtotheimagesnotonlymakesthemmoreinterestingforpeopletolookat.Italsohelpsscientistsseemo

redetailsintheimages,whichwillhelpthembetterunderstandwhattheyarelookingat.28.AccordingtoParagraph3,theinfraredlight________.A.isth

elightfromnearbystarsB.cannotbeseenbyhumaneyesC.reachestheearthearlierthanotherlightsD.travelsinspacewithshort

erwavelength29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThepicturessentbackbyJWSTarebeautiful.B.JWSTgoesaroundinthesamewayasthesundoes.C.T

heformationoftheblackholeswasrecordedbyJWST.D.JWSThasshownthefarthestviewoftheuniversebynow.30.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkab

out?A.HowscientistsuseJWSTtotakephotos.B.WhyJWSTisbetterthanothertelescopes.C.Whatscientistsdiscovers

inspacewithJWST.D.HowJWSThelpsscientistsexplorethespace.DSlowschoolsandsloweducationcanrefertodifferentaspectsofeducatio

n.Somepeopleusethetermslowschoolstorefertoschoolsthatareattemptingtobringslowfoodtothecafeteriaordiningroom.Forothersithasfarmoreimplicationsa

ndincludesaspectsofconnectiontoknowledge,tradition,moralpurposeandallthatisimportantinlife.Inthissen

seitreferstothecurriculum(课程),thewayitisdelivered,theprocessoflearning,managementoftheschool,andevenifschoolisthebest

vehiclethroughwhichtoeducateourchildren.Sointhissense,itreferstobringingtheslowmovementintoeducation.Inmany

WesterncountriesthathaveAnglo-Saxonorigins,governmentsandschoolshavestrictcontrolstructuresinplaceandschoolsa

redrivenbystandardisedcurriculawithtestsandtargetstoensureuniformoutcomes.Theemphasisisontheoutcomenotontheprocess.Theprocessisabou

tthingslikehowideasareconceptualised,howcanwesupportlearningandtheknowingofhowtolearn,aswellastheloveoflea

rningandinvestigating.Sloweducationisalsoaboutconnectiontoknowledgeandtolearning—reallearning.Itisaboutdoingnoharmandhavingres

pectforalllivingandnon-livingthings.Sloweducationisaconceptof‘ecologicalliteracy’.MichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlowhaveput

togetheracollectionofauthorsinEcologicalLiteracy:EducatingourChildrenforaSustainableWorldtogiveuswaystoa

dapttothewayweliveonEarthandthewaywecaneducateourchildrentotheirhighestcapacities.Thisbookisrecommend

edtoparentsandeducatorswhoareengagedincreativeeffortstodevelopnewcurriculaandimprovechildren’secologicalunderstanding.Sloweducationisabout

supportingourchildrentodevelopvaluesandethics(道德规范)thatwillenablethemtoliveajoyouslifeintheslowlane.Thesi

milaritiesofdebateaboutFastFoodvsSlowFoodandthedebateaboutFastSchoolsvsSlowSchoolsareself-evidentuponreflection.Fastschoolslikefas

tfoodarenotconcernedwiththeprocess,preparationandconnection.Theyareconcernedwiththestandardisedendproductwhichinthecaseofschoolsistheresultsfro

mstandardisedtestsandtargets,andinthecaseoffoodisthestandardisedhamburgerorfriedchickenetc.，thatlooklikeallotherstheoutletproducequickly.Theprocessof

educationisnotaboutsupplyingstudentswithlumpsofinformationtoberepeatedondemand.Itisaboutenablingstudentst

olearnhowtolearn.Itisalsoaboutgivingthemopportunitiestohearwhatothershavelearnt(knowledge)andtothendiscus

s,argue,andreflectonthisknowledgetogainagreaterunderstandingofitstruthforthemandofhowthisknowledgewillbeofusetothem.31.Wh

atdoestheunderlinedphrase“uniformoutcome”inParagraph2mean?A.Thesameresults.B.Theuniquecourses.C.Thepositiveeffects.D.Thespecialclothes.32.Whydoesthew

ritermentionMichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlow’sbook?A.Topresentthepurposeofsloweducation.B.Toencouragepeopletodevelopnewcourse

s.C.Toprovesloweducationispopularamongparents.D.Tooffermaterialstolearnaboutecologicalliteracy.33.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?AEducationi

samirrorreflectingtheworld.B.Peopleshouldrethinkwhattoteachinschools.C.Weshouldreflectonourselvesonadailybasis.D.Betterreadingsk

illsshouldbeattainedinschool.34.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SlowSchools-connectingchildrentolife.B.SlowFood--turningschool

sintoanewstyle.C.SlowEducation--helpingstudentsgetbettergrades.D.SlowMovement--beingdifferentfromthefastworld.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分

，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ecoducts:TheSafeWaytoCrosstheRoadHowdoesananimalcrossaroadsafely?Thesh

ortansweris:itoftendoesn’t!Everyyeararoundtheword,thousandsofanimalsarekilledorinjuredbycars,trucks,an

dtrainsonourbusyroadsandrailwaysystems.Francewasthefirstcountrytobuildwildlifecrossingstohelpanimalsgetacrossroadssafely.TheFrenchdesignedthesestruc

turestoprotectanimalsfromthebusytraffic.Sincethen,manyothercountrieshavealsobuiltwildlifecrossings.____35____Ecoducts,alsocalled“greenbridges”,ares

tructuresthatengineersbuildoverbigroadsandhighways.____36____Cars,vans,andtrucksgoundertheecoducts,throughatunnel,andtheanimalswalkovertheec

oduct,abovetheroadorhighway.AtBanffNationalPark,inAlberta,Canada,parkemployeeshavelaboredhardtomakemorethan4

0ecoducts.SomeoftheecoductsinBanffarebridgesthatcrossoverthehighway.____37____Othersarecalledunderpasses.Thesearetunnelsth

atgounderaroad.Mostecoductshavesoilandplantsonthemwhichprovideagoodenvironmentforwildlifeandencourageanimals

tousethestructures.Someecoducts,includingmanyinCanadaandinFlorida,aremadeextremelybigsothatblackbears,deer,andth

eFloridapantherwillusethem.____38____Perhapsyou’redistrustfulaboutthisidea.Youshouldn’tbe,becauseanimalsdousethem!Atfirsta

nimalscanbealittleunsettledofthecrossings.Expertssaythatsomebearscantakeaslongasfiveyearstostartusingthem.Whenanimalsrealizethattheeco

ductsaresafe,theyusethemalot!Sofar,sinceBanffNationalPark.begantomakenotesabouttheecoductsin1997,elevendifferentspecies

ofmammalshaveusedtheoverpassesandunderpassesmorethan200,000times!Ecoductsareagreatwaytoprotectwildlifefromtraffic.____39____Butfornoweve

nsnakescangetitselfacrossaroadsafelythankstoecoducts!A.Wereendangeredanimalssavedfromdyingout?B.Butdoanimalsreallyusetheseman-madebridges?C.Theseare

calledoverpassesbecausetheygooveraroad.D.Theyallowmanydifferenttypesofanimalstocrosssafelytotheotherside.E.IntheNeth

erlandsthereareover600specialbridgesandtunnels,calledecoducts.F.Countrieswillbebuildingmanymoreofthesestru

cturesaroundtheworldinthefuture.G.Franceusedtobeknownforitsdangerouscarcrasheswithanimalsuntiltheroad

swereupgraded.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Areyouabookworm?Isyourheadpermanent

lystuckinabook?Ifso,that’sagoodthing.Therearemanybenefitstoreading.Gettingintoagoodnovelimprovesourliteracy.Butwhoo

rwhatencouragesustopickupabookandstartreading?Ofcourse,whenweareyoung,ourparentsandteachersinspireusbyintroducingustocharactersthatweloveo

rlovetohate.Andtherearetheauthors—thepeoplewhoinventandwriteaboutthesecharacters.Goodwritingcanreally

captureourimagination.Asachild,IlovedbookswrittenbyRoaldDahl,suchasCharlieandtheChocolateFactoryandTheTwits.Thesefi

ctionalstorieswerefunny,mysterious,andslightlyadventurous.Thesebooksarepopularwithchildreneventoday,despitecompetitionfromcontemporaryaut

hors.Onemodern-daychildren’sauthorisJ.K.Rowling，who’sknownforherbooksaboutthewizard,HarryPotter.Lastyearshewasnamedasa“literacyhero”forherpartinimpro

vingpeople’sloveofreading.TheUK’sNationalLiteracyTrustawardedherthetitlefor“turningagenerationofchildrenintoreaders”.TheTrustalsohonoure

dschoolchildren,alibrarianandteachersfortheireffortintryingtogetpeopletoread.Theactor,HenryWinkler,whohasdyslexia,wasalsonamedforthebookshehaswri

ttenaboutaboywithlearningdifficulties.Readingbooksismorethananenjoyablepastime;itcanalsohelppeopleindifficultcircumstances.T

heauthorPatWinslowworkedasawriterinprisonsandfoundreadinganddiscus-singstorieshelpedprisonersreflectontheirpatternsofbehaviour.Shesays,“Veryoftenw

ewouldhavediscussionsaboutthemoralcompassofacharacter,whatwasthemotivationofsomebody,whydidtheybehavethatway?”TodayItend

toreadfactualbookssuchasbiographies,whereyougetaninsightintothelivesofimportantandwell-knownpeople.Ialsoenjoylookingat

travelbooksandlearningaboutjourneysandnewdestinations.It’sagoodsubstituteifyoucan’tvisitinperson.Butthemainbenefitofreadingistoim

proveourliteracy.Themorewedoit,thebetterwegetandwhoknows—onedayyoumaybecomethenextTolstoy,JackieCollinsoreven

WilliamShakespeare.40.Howareweencouragedtoreadwhenweareyoung?________________41.WhywasJK.RowlingawardedbytheUK’sNationalLite

racyTrust?________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Inthefaceofthecompetitionfromco

ntemporaryauthors,thestoriestheauthorreadwhenhewasyoungarenotsowidelyenjoyedbyyoungreadersastheyusedtobe.________________43.Besidestheone

smentionedinthepassage,whatelsedoyouthinkcanreadingbenefitus?(Inabout40words)________________第二节书面表达(20分)44.假设你是学生会主席李华，学生会打算召开一次主题为“成功的秘诀”的线上英文演讲活动

，请你写信给你的英国外教Jim，邀请他来参加你们的活动并做主题发言。内容包括：1.演讲活动举办的时间和内容；2.建议发言的具体内容及其原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。D

earJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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