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备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练热点03长江流域酷热天气与抗旱今年7月以来，受持续高温天气影响，四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽六省市先后出现不同程度旱情，对农业生产和饮水安全造成一定影响。目前，长江流域多

省市都陆续启动相应级别的抗旱应急响应。根据气象水文预测，长江流域大部分地区将持续高温少雨天气。6月中旬以来，长江流域降水由偏多转为偏少，其中，6月下旬偏少2成，7月偏少3成多，尤其是长江下游干流及鄱阳湖水系偏少5成左右，为近10年同期最少。长江委水文局长江水文情报

预报中心水情室主任张俊：当前，由于来水偏少，长江上游大部分控制性水库蓄水量偏少，长江中下游干流水位也呈持续消退态势，较历史同期大幅偏低，如汉口、大通等主要站水位当前偏低5—6米。据预测，8月中下旬长江流域降水仍将偏少，其中长江中下游干流南部将明显偏少。鉴于当前旱情，水利部

长江委要求流域相关省市做好旱情监测，及时发布预警，抓紧修订完善应急水量调度方案，有序做好抗旱水源储备，同时强化水资源统一调度，加强水利工程和供水设施运行管护和排查，做好抗旱应急物资和队伍准备。据气象水文预测，未来一周，包括湖北在内的长江中下游地区可能出现夏伏旱。眼下，湖北全省的引调水工程正全线

发力、抗击旱情。目前，湖北全省约20%的地区出现了气象干旱，湖北省水利部门除了调度水库、泵站放水，还充分运用鄂北水资源配置工程抗旱。湖北省水利厅鄂北局调度运行部主任何永煜：目前整个调水量已经达到了1.26亿立方米，主要是向襄州、枣阳、广水这些县市

进行供水。鄂北水资源配置工程是国家172项节水供水重大水利工程之一，今年正式全线试运行。截至目前，已保障了从十堰丹江口到孝感大悟56万多人的饮用水以及沿线52.5万亩农田灌溉用水。位于荆州市的引江济汉工程也正加

大调水力度，守护“湖北粮仓”。目前，湖北全省水利工程每天引调水近2亿立方米，其中沿长江、汉江泵站日均引水5700万立方米。按照先生活、后生产、再生态的原则，千方百计满足群众生活饮水和农业灌溉用水需求。自7月4日以来，重庆持续高温，多地气温达40摄氏度以上，导致重庆33个区县土壤干旱，当地多措并

举抗旱保供水。在重庆永川区五间镇，持续的高温给当地3000多亩蔬菜带来了不利影响。当地通过微灌、微喷、遮阳网等设备，对蔬菜增湿、降温，改善田间小气候。在秀山县龙凤坝镇小兰村，多个饮用水源点断流，当地采取

上游水库放水、组织群众寻找新水源点和组织义务送水队送水等方式，多措并举解决人畜饮水需求。连日来，受持续晴热少雨等天气因素影响，江西鄱阳湖水位继续下降。截至昨天(8月12日)17时，鄱阳湖标志性水文站星子站水位降至10.67米，比去

年同期低4.31米，湖区水体面积缩水至978平方公里。此外，抚州、吉安等29个县(市、区)出现重度及以上气象干旱，预计今天，江西省中度及以上气象干旱范围将扩大至68个县(市、区)，国家防总针对江西已启动抗旱应急响应，确保人饮安全，努力保障工农业生产用水需求。今年7月以来，

受长江上游来水减少和持续高温少雨天气影响，洞庭湖水位连续回落40余天，跌破24.50米的枯水水位。8月11日，在位于湖南岳阳的洞庭湖城陵矶水文站，15根记录水位的标尺已有13根裸露在外，水文部门监测到的数据显示：当日上午8时，洞庭湖城陵矶站

水位为24.12米，较历年同期偏低4.28米，预计未来一周，在无有效降雨影响下，洞庭湖城陵矶站水位将继续保持下降趋势，并造成洞庭湖北部部分支流和干渠出现断流现象。为应对旱情，岳阳市派出400名水利干部下到抗旱一线，指导群众抗旱自救。为保障洞庭湖区居

民正常生产生活，岳阳市相关部门采取开闸放水、取水补水等措施缓解旱情。(央视网|2022年08月13日)I.相关短语1.伏旱summerdrought【背景：Soaringtemperaturesandlittlerainfallhaveworsenedth

edroughtintheNingxiaHuiandInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegions,aswellastheprovincesofGansu,GuizhouandHunan。(高温和少雨天气使宁夏回族自治区、内蒙古自治区，以及甘肃、贵

州和湖南等省的旱情进一步加剧。)】2.酷热sizzling/severeheat3.烈日/骄阳scorchingsun4.炎炎夏日blisteringsummerday5.灼热的太阳torridsun6.湿热难耐的天气sultryweather7.升温heatup8.闷热stiflingl

yhot9.湿热hotandhumid10.干热hotanddry11.连续高温天气hotspell12.高温病heat-relatedillnesses13.抗热的/耐热的heat-resistant14.桑拿

天saunadays15.汗流浃背bebathed/soakedwithsweat16.高温预警heatalert17.消暑beattheheat18.避暑escapetheheat19.中暑getheat-stroke/sun

stroke20.晒伤/晒黑sunburn/gottan21.水资源短缺watershortage22.抗旱droughtrelief23.人工降雨artificialprecipitationoperation

s24.气象部门meteorologicaldepartments25.热浪heatwave26.避暑胜地summerresort27.避暑药apreventiveagainstsunstroke28.最高温度ma

ximumtemperatures29.绝对温度absolutetemperature30.室温/常温roomtemperature31.抗热的/耐热的heat-resistant32.乘凉enjoyth

ecoolair33.空调airconditioning34.汗流浃背bebathed/soakedwithsweat35.急救emergencytreatments36.用电需求powerdemands37.应急供电计划emergenc

ypower-supplyplan38.高温黄色预警yellowalertforhightemperatures/yellow-codedheatalert39.冰块icecubes40.摄氏度degreeCe

lsius41.华氏度degreeFahrenheit42.室外活动outdooractivities43.在阴凉处intheshade44.临时避暑站temporarysheltersforpeopletoescapetheheat4

5.国家气象中心NationalMeteorologicalCenterII.关于“天热”的各种表达1.dogdays.三伏天。它是指夏天最热的那些天。Ican'tstandthedogdaysofsummerwhicharereallyunbearable.我受不了三伏天

了，实在太难受了。2.Thesunwasblazing.太阳正猛烈燃烧。BearGrylls,hewaslike“thesunisblazing,ihavegottofindsomewater”.贝爷当时说，太阳正熊熊燃烧，我必须找到水喝。3.fryeggsont

hesidewalk.打个鸡蛋在路面上都熟了。Anna：Andy,youcouldfryeggsonthesidewalktoday.安迪，天气太热了。Andy：Yeah,whatahotday.Ican'tgoadaywithoutanAC.是啊，热的受不了，我没有空调

都没法活。4.Iamleaking.热得我都在滴水了。Iamleakingandicoulddowithacoldcoke.热得我大汗淋漓，真想马上要一杯冻可乐。5.Itisashotasinasauna.热得像在蒸桑拿！一、阅读理解1Terriblewea

thereventsareharmingtheplanet,andexpertswarnofevengreaterresultstocome.TheseaicelossandtheArcticicemelting(融化)

causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbearsandsealswh

ilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals.AccordingtothedatafromtheWMO,temperaturesontheAntarctica(南极洲)justhit18.3℃,whichishigh

erthantherecordof17.59℃inMarch,2015.Moreover,temperaturesinthisareahavewarmedabout3℃overthelast50years.Althoughsuchtemperat

uresmightbeconsideredpleasantforapicnicorahikingtrip,thisistheAntarcticawearetalkingabout.Itishometothe

mostinhospitableenvironmentontheplanetbecauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace.Infact,theaveragetemperatur

eofthecontinent’scentralareais-57℃.Besides,manyplacesareexperiencingtheextremeweatherthissummer.Australiaisundergoingitsworstdrought(干旱)s

incethe1930s,leavingbushfiresburningsolongandcausingmanydeaths.MeanwhileinEurope,cropsinthenorthwestaresufferingthedriestweatheri

nthepast80years.RecentlyWestTexasinAmericahasalsogonethroughitsworstdroughtinmorethan70years,whilefloodshavehitEasternandSouthernChina.“

Climatechangeisbadforushumanbeings,whichcausesdirecthealthproblems.I’mafraidtherewillbemorecommoneventsl

iketheonethat30,000to50,000personsdiedinEuropein2003duetotheheatwavethere,”ProfessorSchwartzsaid.“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesa

ndlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”1.Whatdoesn’tbringdownthenumberofpolarbearsaccordingtothispassage?A.Hunting.B.Climatechange.C.Thesea

iceloss.D.TheArcticicemelting.2.Whatcanwegetfromthispassage?A.TheAntarcticaispleasantforahikingtrip.B.Extremeweatherledtowildfiresb

urninginEurope.C.Climatechangewillcauseairpollutionanddiseases.D.ThetemperaturesontheAntarcticahitthehighestinMarch,2015.3.Whatdoestheunde

rlinedword“inhospitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Friendlytolive.B.Unfittolive.C.Comfortabletolive.D.Unhealthytolive.4.Whichplaced

idn’texperiencedroughtthissummer?A.America.B.China.C.Australia.D.Europe.5.Whatisthemainideaforthispassage?A.T

hewholeplanetisdrieranddrier.B.TheAntarcticaiswarmerandwarmer.C.Climatechangeisgettingworseandworse.D.Thenumberofpolarbearsissmallerandsmaller.2Every

yearonMarch22,WorldWaterDayfocusespeople’sattentionontheimportanceofwateracrosstheworld.In2018,thethemeis“Natu

reforWater”.Thisyear’stheme,“NatureforWater”,focusesonhownature-basedsolutions(NBS)canbeusedtohelpfixt

hewaterproblemsfacingmanypeopleandecosystems(生态系统)atthepresenttime.Nature-basedsolutionsarewaysofmanagingplants,soilsandwetlands,i

ncludingriversandlakes,tohelpwiththemanagementofwateravailabilityandquality.Theywillnotsolvetheproblemofdroug

ht(干旱)butshouldprovideeffectivewaysforimprovingwaterqualityandincreasingwatersupplies.Anythingthatincludesp

ositivelyalteringnatureisanNBS.●Bringingbackforests,grasslandsandnaturalwetlandsBybringingbacknaturalecos

ystems,wecanhelptorebalancewaterlevelsaroundtheworld,benefittingbothhumansandecosystems;●ConnectingriverstofloodplainsagainIfp

roperlymanaged,naturalfloodplainscanprovidehelptowildlife,fishandpeoplebygivingthembothspaceandcleanwater;●BuildingsanddamsI

nverydryareas,suchasZimbabwe,sanddamsareusedtoincreasetheamountofwaterthatcanbestored,meaningthatfarmerscangrowmorecropsandpeoplecanhaveenoughd

rinkingwater;●LandscaperestorationExcessivelogging(过度砍伐)inAlwar,India,hascausedextremelyseriousdroughts.Thegovernmenthasfocusedonther

egenerationofforestsandsoils,whichhasnotonlyhelpedtheriverstorefillbutalsowildlife,suchasantelopesandleopards,tor

eturntothearea.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenature-basedsolutions?A.Theywillsuccessfullysolvetheproblemofdrought.B.Theymakeplants,so

ilsandwetlandstotallydifferent.C.Theycanimprovewaterqualityandincreasewatersupplies.D.Theycanhelpuslear

nwhypeopleinhistoryfacedwaterproblems.7.Theunderlinedword“altering”isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.chang

ingB.creatingC.increasingD.breaking8.Whyisitimportanttobringbacknaturalecosystems?A.Becausetheygivespacetobothwildlifeandfish.

B.Becausetheyhelpincreasewaterlevelsaroundtheworld.C.Becausetheycansupplycleanwatertobothanimalsandhumans.D.Becausetheyhelpbringwaterlevelsaroundt

heEarthbackintobalance.9.Thisarticleismostlikelya(n)________.A.advertisementB.speechC.newspaperarticleD.interview3EverymorningHann

ahGriffithsandherworkmateswalkedintotherainforestintheMaliauBasininBormeo,wheretheyhadsetupasetofexperimentstolookattheecologicaleffectsofsmallcre

atures:termites.TermitesgetabumrapinUSA.Theyarethoughttomakethelossofbillionsofdollarseachyearbecausetheybiteupahugenu

mberofwoods.Andtheyareresponsibleforsomethinglike2%ofglobalcarbonemissions,simplybecauseoftheirhugepopulationsandtheirlikeforbitingthroughsome

specialmaterials.Peoplehatethemandaretryingtokillthem.Buttheyplayakeyroleinmanynaturalecosystems.Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropicalf

orests,termiteseatupfallenleavesanddeadwood.Theyhelpkeepthefallenmaterialundercontrol.Theyletnutrientsfromthedeadma

terialbackintothesystemtobeusedbyotherplants,insects,andanimals.Butscientistsdidn’tknowexactlyhowimp

ortanttheinsectswereinkeepingtheforesthealthyandfunctional,sotheyremovedtermitesfromaparticularplaceinthefo

restandsawwhatwouldhappen.HannahGriffithsandherworkmatesstartedtheirexperiment.Itchancedthattheforestwashitbyanextremedroughtat

thattime.Duringthenon-droughtyears,theysawtherewaswasn’tmuchdifferencebetweenthenormalplacesandtheoneswherethey’d

removedthetermites.butduringthedrought,theeffectswereeasytosee.Whattheyfoundwasunexpected:inthetermite-richa

reas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreessprouted,andthesystemwasstillfullofactivityduringthelong,dryperiod.ForGriffiths,shethough

tthattheycouldpickouttherealimportanceoftermitestothesystemonlybecausetheyaccidentallystudiedtermitesduringthedrought.Shepointedout,An

“Andthatringsalarmbellsinmyhead,”shesaid,“becauseitmakesmethink:whatelsedon’tweknow?Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,whatwil

lhappen?Andwhatifaspeciesdiesout?”10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“bumrap”underlinedinParagraph2?A.badimpr

essionB.goodimageC.positiveinfluenceD.speciallike11.Whathavescientistslearnedabouttermites?A.Theydoserioush

armtotropicalrainforests.B.Theyspeedupthelossofnutrientsintherainforest.C.Theyactasfoodforotherplants,insectsandanimals

.D.Theydosomethinggoodtotheecosystemtheylivein.12.FromthefindingofGriffiths’experiment,wecaninferthattermites________A.

helprainforestssurvivethedroughtB.enjoyentingtreesduringthedroughtC.preferdroughtyearstonon-droughtonesD.benefitmorefromt

heforestduringthedrought13.Griffithsmightwanttotellus________A.termitesarenowindangerB.termitesdamagebiologicalcommunitiesC.weshouldt

hinktwicebeforedamagingaspeciesD.weshouldstudythedroughttoimprovethesystem4Terribleweathereventsareharmingtheplanet(星球，地球),andexpertswarnofeve

ngreaterresultstocome.TheseaicelossandtheArctic(北极的)icemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavep

usheddownthenumberofpolarbears(北极熊)andsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals(海豹).Accordingtothedatafromt

heWMO,temperaturesontheAntarctica(南极洲)justhit18.3℃,whichishigherthantherecordof17.59℃inMarch,2015.Moreover,temperaturesinthisareahavewarmedabou

t3℃overthelast50years.Althoughsuchtemperaturesmightbeconsideredpleasantforapicnicorahikingtrip,thisistheAntarcticawearetalki

ngabout.Itishometothemostinhospitableenvironmentontheplanetbecauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace.Infact,theaveragete

mperatureofthecontinent’scentralareais-57℃.Besides,manyplacesareexperiencingtheextremeweatherthissummer.A

ustraliaisundergoingitsworstdrought(干旱)sincethe1930s,leavingbushfires(丛林大火)burningsolongandcausingmanydeaths.Me

anwhileinEurope,cropsinthenorthwestaresufferingthedriestweatherinthepast80years.RecentlyWestTexasinAmericahasa

lsogonethroughitsworstdroughtinmorethan70years,whilefloodshavehitEasternandSouthernChina.“Climatechangeisbadforushum

anbeings,whichcausesdirecthealthproblems.I’mafraidtherewillbemorecommoneventsliketheonethat30,000to50,000persons

diedinEuropein2003duetotheheatwavethere,”ProfessorSchwartzsaid.“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”14.Whatdoesn’tbr

ingdownthenumberofpolarbearsaccordingtothispassage?A.Hunting.B.Climatechange.C.Theseaiceloss.D.TheArctic

icemelting.15.Whatcanyougetinthispassage?A.TheAntarcticaispleasantforahikingtrip.B.Extremeweatherledtowildf

iresburninginEurope.C.Climatechangewillcauseairpollutionanddiseases.D.ThetemperaturesontheAntarcticahitthehighestinMarch,2015.1

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhospitable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.ComfortabletoliveB.FriendlytoliveC.UnhealthytoliveD.Unfittolive17.Wh

atisthemainideaforthispassage?A.Thewholeplanetisdrieranddrier.B.TheAntarcticaiswarmerandwarmer.C.Climatechangeisgettingworseandworse.D

.Thenumberofpolarbearsissmallerandsmaller.5Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseeds.Therearea

lsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae(幼虫).Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,therearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroug

hyearsofdroughtintheformofinactiveeggs.Thesearetheshrimps(虾)thatliveintheMojaveDesert,anintenselydryregioni

nthesouth-westoftheUnitedStatewhereshadetemperaturesofover50℃areoftenrecorded.TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhaveth

eappearanceofgrainsofsand.Whensufficientspringrainfallstoformalake,onceeverytwotofiveyears,theseeggshatch.Thenthewaterissoonf

illedwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimeterlongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporary

desertlake.Withinaweek,theshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetertoalengthofabout1.5centimeters.Throughouttheti

mewhentheshrimpsarerapidlymaturing,thewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporates.Therefore,fortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttime.Bythe12thday

,however,whentheyareabout3centimeterslong,hundredsoftinyeggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemales.Usuallybythistime,allthatremainsofthelakeisalarge,muddy

patchofwetsoil.Onthe13thdayandthenext,duringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflives,theshrimpslaytheireggsinthemud.Then,havingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvi

ve,theshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporates.Ifsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theegg

shatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.Someyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalake;inthisca

se,theeggswillremaindormantforanotheryear,orevenlongerifnecessary.Very,veryoccasionally,perhapstwiceinahundredyears,sufficientrainfallst

oformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormore.Inthiscase,thespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowth,egg-laying,anddeath.Thus,onsuc

hoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.18.Whichofthefollowingisthemostdistinctivefeat

ureofMojaveshrimps?A.Theyliveabriefandtoughlife.B.Theyfeedonplantandanimalorganisms.C.Theireggscansurviveyearsofdrought.D.Theylayth

eireggsinthemud.19.Theword“dormant”(inPara4)mostprobablymeans________.A.inactiveB.strongC.alertD.soft20.Whatcanbeinfe

rredfromthepassage?A.Appearanceandsizeareimportantfactorsforlifetosurviveinthedesert.B.Aspeciesmustbeabletom

ultiplyquicklyinordertosurviveinthedesert.C.Forsomespeciesonelifecycleinayearisenoughtosurvivethedesertdrought.D.Somespeciesd

evelopauniquelifepatterntosurviveinsevereconditions.21.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafact?A.TheeggsofMojaveshrimpsa

reassmallasthegrainsofseeds.B.Thewholecycleofgrowthoftheshrimpsisaraceagainsttime.C.Itisdifficulttobelievethattheseshrimpscansurv

ivedroughtsinthedesert.D.Theamountoftrainhasastrongimpactonthenumberoftheshrimps.22.Thepassagemainlydealswith______

__.A.thelifespanoftheMojaveshrimpsB.thesurvivalofdesertshrimpsC.thecreatureslivingintheMojavedesertD.theimportanceofwatertolifeinthede

sert6GeneralTreatmenttoBurnsMovetheinjuredawayfromtheheatfirst.Checkthebreathingaswellasthesizeanddepthofburns.Washtheburntareawithrunningwate

rtoreducepain.Coverthewoundwithasterilized(消毒的)dressing.Heatstroke(中暑)Toavoidheatstroke,youshouldstoptiringa

ctivitiesinhotweather.Ifyoustillgooutdoors,youshould:wearlightloose-fitting(宽松的)clothing.restinacoolplaceasoftenaspossible.drinkboiledwa

terorfruitjuice.avoiddrinkssuchasmilk,wineandbeer.FirstAidtrainingSomepeoplegothroughtraininginordertoprovidefirst

aidinpublicorathome,orotherplaceswherepeoplegettogether.Peopleperformingafirstaidroleareoftenexpectedtoha

veahighleveloffirstaidtrainingandareoftenuniformed.Therearesomeorganizationsgivingfirstaidcoursesrecognizedbythelocalgovernment,suchastheRedCross.Whe

nyou’reatschoolorinanyplace,keepingsafeisthemostimportantthingforyoutodo.Firstaidistheimmediatecaregiventoapersonwhoha

sbeeninjuredorsuddenlyill,includingself-helpandhomecareifdoctorscan’tappearintime.Firstaidknowledgemeanslifeordeathduringaneme

rgency(紧急的)situationsothatgreatestpossiblegoodmaybedoneforthegreatestnumberofpeople.23.Whendoweneedtogivefirstaid?A.Wh

endoctorsarrive.B.Beforedoctorsarrive.C.Afterdoctorsarrive.D.Whenpatientsareinthehospital.24.Ifsomeone’sarmisburntbyfire,y

oushould________.A.cuttheburntareaoffhisarmB.covertheburntareawithsometoothpasteC.avoidmovinghimawayfromtheheatD.puttheburntare

aundersomerunningwater25.Whatmaycauseheatstrokeonahotday?A.Stayinginacoolplace.B.Drinkingboiledwaterorfruitjuice.C.Doingtiring

outdooractivities.D.Wearinglightloose-fittingclothing.26.Wherecanpeoplehavefirstaidcoursesaccordingtothepassage?A.B.C.D.2

7.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Totellreadershowtogivefirstaid.B.Totellreadershowtoavoidheatstroke.C.Tointroducesomefirstai

dtrainingcoursesandschools.D.Topraiseanorganizationthatisrelatedtofirstaidtraining.7Climate(气候)changewillnotonlyincreasetheworld’saverage(平均)temp

erature,anditwillalsoincreasetheheatwaves(热浪)thatareharmingpeopleandwildlifeevennow.Summertimeisquicklybe

comingadangerousseasonforalllifeontheearth.Heatwaveshavealreadyproducedattractivedeathsinanimals.Heatstroke(中暑)f

romsuche-ventsisalsoapresentdangerforpeople,especiallytheold.Heatwavescanalsohavemoreeffectsonthebodiesofa

nimals.Ifwildanimalsareexperiencingterriblyhightemperatures,althoughyouwon’tseedeath,youmightseechangesintheirbodiesthatshowthey’regettingclosetod

eath.Bystudyingresponseslikethese,scientistscouldgetanearlywarningsignbeforeheatwavesstarttoproducemoreseriousresults.Someresearch

dealswiththesekindsofresponsestomakepredictionsabouthowclimatechangewillhaveaninfluenceonhumans,animalsandecosystems.A

sforwhenthiskindofeventswillhappenandjusthowterriblethey’llbe,predictionsaredifferent.Wecan’tsayit’sgoingtohap

pennextyear.ButifwecontinuegivingoffCO2likethis,bytheendofthiscentury,we’regoingtoseeheatwavesthatwillbemor

epowerfulthanthosethathavekilledlargenumbersofpeopleandwildlife.Ascarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegases(气体)keepinhe

atandraisetheearth’saveragetemperature,theheatwaveswillcomemoreoften.Climatechangeishavingagreatinfluenceontheearth.Scientistsarenowcallingforactio

ntodealwiththebadinfluenceofheatwavesontheplanet.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Heatwavescanhelpdeal

withclimatechange.B.Temperatureincreaseisrelatedtoclimatechange.C.Wildlifewon’tbeharmedbyheatwaves.29.Theunderlinedword“respon

ses”means________inChinese.A.理论B.动机C.反应30.Itcanbeinferredthatheatwavesinthefuturewill________.A.protectthepartsoftheearthwherehumansarelivingB.k

illmorepeopleandwildlifeifwedon’ttakeanyactionC.havenoinfluenceonhumans,animalsorecosystems31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoth

epassage?A.Heatstroke(中暑)isapresentdangerforpeopleexcepttheold.B.Itwillbeeasierforhumansandanimalstoliveintheterriblyhotsummer.C.Pr

edictionsabouttheinfluenceofclimatechangearevarious.32.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheInfluenceofClimate(气候)Change.B.TheLivi

ngAnimalsontheEarth.C.TheWaytoStoptheHeatwaves.二、完形填空Abottleofwatermaynotseemlikemuchtoyou,butthousands

ofbottleswillbeofgreathelpforpeoplewholiveindrought-hit(遭受旱灾)areasinChina.Lastautumn,therewas___33___raininSouthwestChina

.Someplaces,especiallyinYunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Guizhou,___34___aseriousdrought.Cropsdied,thelandcracked(裂开),andwellandri

versdriedup.Morethan20millionpeoplearehaving___35___infindingsafedrinkingwater.Afterlearningaboutthedrought,manypeoplearo

undthecountry___36___water,moneyandotherthingstohelp.Lastweek,theCommunistYouthLeague(共青团员)andYoungPioneers__

_37___eachstudenttogiveonebottleofwatertothedrought-hitareas.Studentsinprimaryschoolandmiddleschools___38___

joinedtheactivity.InYuhuaPrimarySchoolinXi’an,900studentsboughtover1,000bottlesofwaterwiththeirpocketmoney.Theyalsowrotet

heir___39___onthebottles,“Ihopeyougetmorerainthere.Ihopeyouarehappy.”Abottleofwaterisn’tmuch,butthousandsofbottleswillbevery

___40___.Theseriousdroughthasalsomadestudents___41___theimportanceofsavingwater.“Thechildrenindrought-hitareaswon’thaveenoughdrinkingwaterunle

sswedosomethingtohelp,”saidonestudent.“Idecidetotakea___42___twiceaweektosavewater,”hesaid.33.A.muchB.littleC.smallD.low34.A.solvedB.experien

cedC.managedD.mentioned35.A.funB.timeC.troubleD.joy36.A.gaveawayB.gaveupC.gaveinD.gaveoff37.A.setupB.

heldupC.carriedonD.calledon38.A.slowlyB.probablyC.quicklyD.hardly39.A.plansB.notesC.changesD.wishes40.A.helpfulB

.beautifulC.carefulD.hopeful41.A.thinkB.realizeC.promiseD.regard42.A.messageB.breakC.walkD.shower三、短文综合填空阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标

或单词等提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。Alongtimeago,therelivedaboynamedRodneyinthecountryside.Hewasvery___

43___/ˈhæpi/withhisfamily.Buthishappinesscouldnotlast___44___alongtime.Rodneyandhisvillagersfacedadrought（干旱）.Theywaitedforrains_

___45____theskywasclear.Alltheplants,andevenanimalsstarteddying.Everyone___46___(be)worriedaboutit.Onenight,duringameetwithothervillag

ers,Rodneysaid,“Friends,weallheardstoriesfromourgrandparentsaboutanundergroundriver（地下河）____47____(run)throughour

village.Whydon’twedig（挖）andsee?”Thevillagersstarteddiggingtogether.Theydugsohard____48____someofthemforgottosleep.Bu

ttherewasstillnowater.They____49____/felt/sosad.Rodneykeptondigging.Hesaid,“Godishelpingandguidingmyway.”Oneday,whenhedugdeepenou

gh,Rodneysawwater.Hisspirit（精神）ofnotgivingupsavedthewholevillage.“Nevergiveupso____50____(easy),”Rodneytoldal

lthevillagers.Fromthenon,theyarenever____51____/ʃɔ:t/ofwater.Andwheneverthereare____52____(problem),allthevillagerswillworktogetherandhelp

eachother.四、书面表达53.同学们，目前西南旱情十分严重，大家都非常关心灾区人民的生活情况。请你用英语写一篇80词以上的短文（开头句已给出，不计入总词数），内容包括：1.简单描述目前灾区的旱情（

如：雨水不足、饮用水缺乏、树木枯死、河流干涸，等等）；2.人们已经为灾区人民所做的事情；3.对灾区的同龄朋友们说几句话。参考词汇：lackof（缺乏）Asweknow,thesouthwestofChinaissufferingfromseriousdrou

ght(干旱)now.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_参考答案一、1【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化正在危害着地球，这会导致一系列威胁人类生存与健康的问题。1.细节理解题。根据“TheseaicelossandtheArcticicemelting(融化)causedbyclimatechangehaveincreasedm

uchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbearsandsealswhilepolarbearsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals.”可知，气候变化造成海上浮冰和北极冰川融化，而北

极熊是靠海冰捕食海豹的，所以造成北极熊数量减少的原因不包括捕食，故选A。2.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesandlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”可知，气候变化将导致更多的空气污染，疾病和水的缺乏等等，故选

C。3.词义猜测题。根据“becauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace”可知，因为它应该是一个非常寒冷的地方，所以inhospitable在这里的意思是“不适宜居住的”，故选B。4.

细节理解题。根据第三段全段可知，澳大利亚、欧洲以及美国的西德克萨斯州都遭受了严重的干旱，而中国的东部和南部遭受了洪水，故选B。5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是气候变化对世界各地以及人类造成的危害，选项C“气候变化越来越严重”符合主题，故选C。2【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了2018年世界水

日的主题以及解决水资源问题的方法。6.细节理解题。根据“Theywillnotsolvetheproblemofdrought(干旱)butshouldprovideeffectivewaysforimprovingwaterqualityand

increasingwatersupplies.”可知，它们能改善水质，并且增加供水。故选C。7.词句猜测题。根据下文“Bringingbackforests,grasslandsandnaturalwetlan

ds；Connectingriverstofloodplainsagain；Buildingsanddams；Landscaperestoration”可知，下文中提出的方法均是对大自然有益处的一些改变，所以划线部分“alte

ring”与“changing”意思相近。故选A。8.细节理解题。根据“Bybringingbacknaturalecosystems,wecanhelptorebalancewaterlevelsaroundtheworld,benefittingbothhum

ansandecosystems”可知，因为它们帮助地球周围的水位恢复平衡，造福于人类和生态系统，所以恢复生态平衡很重要。故选D。9.推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，主要内容与“世界水日”有关，所以这篇文章很可能是来自报纸的一篇文章。故选C。3【答案与解析】本

文主要介绍了白蚁因为每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的房产而登上新闻头条，它们的碳排放量约占全球的2%，人们想要杀死它们。但是科学家做实验表明，白蚁对自然生态系统的作用是不可估量的。10.词意猜测题。根据下文“They

arethoughttomakethelossofbillionsofdollarseachyear…Peoplehatethemandaretryingtokillthem.”可知，此句“TermitesgetabumrapinUSA.”句意是“白蚁在美国备受

诟病。”由此推知，“bumrap”意思是“坏印象”，故选A。11.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Scientistshaveknownforyearsthatintropicalforests,termiteseatupfallenleavesanddeadwood…so

theyremovedtermitesfromaparticularplaceintheforestandsawwhatwouldhappen.”可知，科学家们已经了解到白蚁对所生活的生态系统有好处。故选D。12.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Whattheyfoundwasunexpected

:inthetermite-richareas,thesoilstayedslightlywet,moretreessprouted,andthesystemwasstillfullofactivityduringthelong,dryperiod.”我们可以推断白蚁帮助雨林在干旱中生存。故选

A。13.推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是“Ifwestartdamagingbiologicalcommunities,whatwillhappen?Andwhatifaspeciesdiesout?”可知，Griffiths在最后一段告诉我们在破化一个物种之前，我们应该三思

而后行。故选C。4【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了气候变化越来越糟糕，恶劣的天气事件正在危害地球。14.细节理解题。根据文中“TheseaicelossandtheArcticicemeltingcausedbycli

matechangehaveincreasedmuchinthelasttenyears.Sotheyhavepusheddownthenumberofpolarbearsandsealswhilepolarbea

rsdependonseaiceforhuntingseals.”可知，减少北极熊的数量是：气候变化；海冰损失；北极冰层融化。没有提到选项A，故选A。15.细节理解题。根据文中“Itwillalsocausemoreairpollution,diseasesan

dlackofcleanwaterandsoon.”可知，气候变化将导致空气污染和疾病。故选C。16.词句猜测题。根据下文“becauseitissupposedtobeanextremelycoldplace.”可知，南极洲是地球上最不适宜居住的环境，划线单词in

hospitable的意思是“不适合居住”，选项D符合题意，故选D。17.主旨大意题。根据文中“Climatechangeisbadforushumanbeings,whichcausesdirecthealthproblems.”可知，这篇短文主要讲述了气候变

化越来越差，给地球带来了危害。故选C。5【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了干旱的沙漠里的一些动植物的生存方式，尤其讲述了莫哈维沙漠虾的生存繁衍方式。18.细节理解题。根据“Inaddition,difficultasitistobelieve,t

herearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdroughtintheform...recorded.”可知，莫哈维沙漠虾能够以非活性卵的形式在多年的干旱中生存下来。故选C。19.词义猜测题。根据“Ifsufficientrainfall

sthenextyeartoformanotherlake,theeggshatch,andonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowth,adulthood,egg-laying,anddeath.”可知，雨水足够多的情况下，卵

就会孵化，小虾再一次快速地经历它们的生长、成年、产卵和死亡周期；反之，如果雨水不足够的话，这些卵就会进入休眠期，也就是说这些卵变得不活跃。故选A。20.推理判断题。根据“Therearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseas

onintheformofinactiveseeds.”和“Thus,onsuchoccasions,thespeciesmultipliesconsiderably,whichfurtherensuresitssurvival.”可知，一些物种发展出一种独特的生活方式来

在恶劣的环境中生存。故选D。21.细节理解题。根据“TheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsand.”可知，莫哈维沙漠虾的卵大小

和沙粒一样，而并非是种子粒。故选A。22.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了干旱的沙漠里的一些动植物的生存方式，尤其讲述了莫哈维沙漠虾的生存繁衍方式。故选B。6【答案与解析】本文主要针对烧伤、中暑给出了不同的急救措施。23

.细节理解题。根据“Firstaidistheimmediatecaregiventoapersonwhohasbeeninjuredorsuddenlyill,includingself-helpandhomecareifdoctorscan’tappearintime.”可

知，在医生到达之前，我们需要急救。故选B。24.细节理解题。根据“Washtheburntareawithrunningwatertoreducepain.”可知，如果有人的手臂被火烧伤，您应该将烧伤区域放在流水下。故选D。25.细节理解题。根据“Toavoidhe

atstroke,youshouldstoptiringactivitiesinhotweather.”可知，做累人的户外活动可能会导致中暑。故选C。26.细节理解题。根据“Therearesomeorganiz

ationsgivingfirstaidcoursesrecognizedbythelocalgovernment,suchastheRedCross.”可知，人们可以在红十字会进行急救课程。故选A。27.推理

判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要针对烧伤、中暑给出了不同的急救措施。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是为了告诉读者如何进行急救。故选A。7【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了气候改变所带来的影响。28.推理判断题。根据第一段“Climate(气

候)changewillnotonlyincreasetheworld’saverage(平均)temperature,anditwillalsoincreasetheheatwaves(热浪)thatareharmingpeopleandwildlifeevenno

w.”可知，气候变化不仅会提高世界平均温度，还会增加热浪，甚至现在还在伤害人类和野生动物，所以气温升高与气候变化有关，B选项表述正确。故选B。29.词义猜测题。根据前面“Ifwildanimalsareexperiencingterriblyhightemperatures,altho

ughyouwon’tseedeath,youmightseechangesintheirbodiesthatshowthey’regettingclosetodeath”可知，如果野生动物正经历着可怕的高温，尽管你不会看到死亡，但你可能会看到它们身体上的变化，表明它们正在接

近死亡。结合后面“scientistscouldgetanearlywarningsignbeforeheatwavesstarttoproducemoreseriousresults”可知，科学家们可以在热浪开始产生更严

重的结果之前得到一个几乎警告的信号。结合选项可知，此处responses应该意为“反应”，故选C。30.细节理解题。根据“ButifwecontinuegivingoffCO2likethis,bytheendofthiscentury,we’regoingtoseeheatwaves

thatwillbemorepowerfulthanthosethathavekilledlargenumbersofpeopleandwildlife.”可知，如果我们继续这样排放二氧化碳，到本世纪末，我们将看到比那些杀死大量人和野生动物的热浪更强

大的热浪。所以如果我们不采取任何行动，未来的热浪将持续杀死更多的人和野生动物。故选B。31.判断正误题。根据全文内容及“Asforwhenthiskindofeventswillhappenandjusthowterriblethey’llbe,predic

tionsaredifferent.”可知，关于气候变化影响的预测有很多种，选项C表述正确。故选C。32.标题归纳题。通读全文及第一段“Climate(气候)changewillnotonlyincreasetheworld’saverage(平均)t

emperature…foralllifeontheearth.”可知，气候变化不仅会提高世界平均温度，而且还会增加热浪，甚至现在都在伤害人类和野生动物，夏季正迅速成为地球上所有生命的危险季节。因此本文主要介绍了气候改变

所带来的影响，A选项符合本文主旨。故选A。二、【答案与解析】一瓶水也许不算什么，但对于生活在干旱地区的人却很有意义，本文向我们介绍很多人为旱区捐水、钱和其他用品。呼吁人们节约用水，意识到节水的重要性。33.句意：去

年秋天，中国西南部很少下雨。much许多；little少；small小的；low低的。根据“aseriousdrought”可知，严重的干旱，所以降水少，故选B。34.句意：一些地方，特别是云南、广西、四川、贵州，经历了严重的干旱。s

olved解决；experienced经历；managed管理；mentioned提及。根据“Someplaces,especiallyinYunnan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Guizhou…aseriousdrought.”可知，一些地方经历了严重的干旱，故选B。35

.句意：超过2000万人难以找到安全的饮用水。fun乐趣；time时间；trouble麻烦；joy欢乐。根据“Morethan20millionpeoplearehaving…infindingsafedrinkingwater.”可知，由于干旱，所以在找到安全的饮用水上有麻烦

，故选C。36.句意：在得知旱灾后，全国各地的许多人捐出水、钱和其他东西来帮助灾民。gaveaway赠送；gaveup放弃；gavein屈服；gaveoff发出。根据“Afterlearningaboutthedrought,manyp

eoplearoundthecountry…water,moneyandotherthingstohelp.”可知，很多人在得知旱灾后，捐赠水、钱和其他东西，故选A。37.句意：上周，共青团和少先队员号召每个学生给干旱地区送一瓶水。setup建立；hel

dup举起；carriedon继续；calledon拜访，号召。根据“theCommunistYouthLeague(共青团员)andYoungPioneers…eachstudenttogiveonebot

tleofwatertothedrought-hitareas”可知，是号召学生送水，故选D。38.句意：小学、中学的同学们很快就加入了这个活动。slowly缓慢地；probably可能；quickly迅速地；hardly几乎不。根据“Studentsinp

rimaryschoolandmiddleschools…joinedtheactivity.”可知，号召发出后很多学生迅速加入了活动，故选C。39.句意：他们还在瓶子上写下了自己的愿望：“我希望那里能有更多的雨。”plans计划；notes笔记；ch

anges改变；wishes希望。根据“Ihopeyougetmorerainthere.Ihopeyouarehappy.”可知，是表达希望，故选D。40.句意：一瓶水不算多，但成千上万瓶水会很有帮助。helpful有帮助的；beautiful美丽的；careful仔细的；ho

peful有希望的。根据“bottleofwaterisn’tmuch,butthousandsofbottleswillbevery…”可知，对于旱区来说，成千上万瓶水会很有帮助，故选A。41.句意：严重的干旱也让学生们意识到节约

用水的重要性。think认为；realize意识到；promise承诺；regard注重。根据“Theseriousdroughthasalsomadestudents…theimportanceofsavingwater.”可知，是意识到节约用水的重要性，故选B

。42.句意：“为了节约用水，我决定每周洗两次澡，”他说。message信息；break休息；walk步行；shower淋浴。根据“Idecidetotakea…twiceaweektosavewater”可知，此处是takeashower“洗淋浴”，固定短语，故选D。三、43.happy44

.for45.but46.was47.running48.that49.felt50.easily51.short52.problems【解析】本文讲述罗德尼的村庄发生干旱，他建议村民挖地下水，但是挖了一段时间后仍然没有得到水

，很多人都放弃了，但是罗德尼没有放弃，最后成功地挖到了水。村民从罗德尼身上受到了启发，从那时起，无论有什么问题，村民们都齐心协力并且相互帮助。43.句意：他和家人在一起很开心。根据空前“was”可知，用形容词，且根据

音标可知，用happy“开心的”，故填happy。44.句意：但是他的开心没有持续很长时间。根据空前“last”以及空后“alongtime”可知，空处用介词，lastfor“持续”，故填for。45.句意：他们等待着下雨，但是天空是晴朗的。根据句意可知，等

待着下雨，但是天空是晴朗的，不会下雨，表示转折，故填but。46.句意：每个人都很担心。本句话主语为“everyone”，表语是“worried”，所以空处用be动词。根据“Alltheplants,andevenanimalsstarteddying”可知，用一般过去时，且主

语为“everyone”，故填was。47.句意：一天，在和其他村民开会期间，罗德尼说：“朋友们，我们所有人都从我们祖父母那里听说过关于地下河流经我们村庄的故事”。空处使用非谓语，“undergroundriver”与“run”之间是主动关系，故填running。48.句意：他们

挖得如此地努力以至于他们当中的一些人忘记了睡觉。根据空前“sohard”以及句意可知，用so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构，故填that。49.句意：他们感到如此地悲伤。根据音标以及空后“sosad”可知，空处用感官

动词feel的过去式felt，故填felt。50.句意：不要如此轻易地放弃。根据句意可知，空处用副词修饰动词短语giveup，easily“容易地”，故填easily。51.句意：从那时开始，他们从不缺水。根据“Rodneysawwater”以及音标可

知，用beshortof“缺乏”，故填short。52.句意：无论什么时候有困难，所有的村民都会同心协力并且相互帮助。根据“thereare”可知，空处用复数形式，故填problems。四、Asweknow,thesouthwestofChinaissuffer

ingfromseriousdrought(干旱)now.Ithasn’trainedforalongtime.Thereisnotenoughwaterforthepeopleandtheanimals.Thefarmsandtheriversa

redry.Theplantsandthegrassaredead.Peopleinthewholecountryhavedonemanythingsforthem.Forexample,somegavemoneytothem

.Somesentthemwater.Somestarshadpartiestoraisemoneyforthem.I’dliketotellyouthatyouaren’talone.Weallcareforyou.Wewilltryourbesttohelpyou.Don’tgiveu

p.Justfacethechallengesinstead,andholdon.EverythingwillbeOKsoon.Let’ssavewaterandlookafterourearthinthefuture.【写作提示】本文介绍目前西南旱情十分严重，大家都

非常关心灾区人民的生活情况。首先要用正确的格式去写，会用一些短语，了解英语的句子结构与汉语的不同，需要平时对课本上的课文要正确地理解，会仿照课文的句子写出正确的英语句子，用一般现在时，现在进行时及一般将来时，用第一人称来叙述。短文用了一些短语和固定句式，为文章增色不少，如：Thereis

notenoughwaterforthepeopleandtheanimals.等，为了上下文的衔接还用了一些过渡词如：Asweknow等。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangx

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