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专题限时检测(二十二)阅读理解C篇高分练(三)(共3篇，限时24分钟)A(2019·南通七市模拟)Australianmagpiescanunderstandwhatotherbirdsaresayingtoeachother,anewstudyhasfound.T

heresearch,publishedinthejournalAnimalBehaviour,saysthemagpiehaslearnedthemeaningsofdifferentnoisyminercallsandessentiallyeavesdrops(偷听)tofindo

utwhichpredators(食肉动物)arenear.Noisyminers—asmall,nativehoneyeater—havedifferentwarningcallsforground-basedandaerial

(飞行的)predators.Byplayingbothkindsofrecordingtoaseriesofwildmagpies,researchersobservedthemagpiesraisingtheirbeaks(喙)tothesky,ordroppingtheirheads

totheground.Researchersattractedthemagpieswithcheese,thenplayedthenoisyminercalls,videotapingtheresults.Asacontrol,theyalsor

olledalargeorangeballtowardsthemagpiestoseehowtheyordinarilytilted(倾斜)theirbeakstogroundthreats,andthrewth

eballtoseehowtheyreactedtoaerialthreats.Theresearchersrecordedanaveragemaximumbeakangleof29degreesforthethrownball,andanaveragemaximumofninedegr

eeswhenitwasrolled.Theminers'aerialwarningcausedanaveragemaximumbeakangleof31degrees,andthegroundwarningcausedanaveragemaximumof24.Oneofthestud

y'sauthors,DominiquePotvin,saidthemagpiesshowedanastonishinglevelofinsight.Magpiesandminersbroadlyfacethesametypeso

fpredatorsandthetwofrequentlyliveinthesameecosystem.Potvinsaidthishadencouragedthemagpies'learnedbehaviour.“Magpiesaregenerallyfoundonthegroundandnoi

syminersaregenerallyfoundupintrees.Itpaysforthemagpietopayattentiontosomebodywhohasabetterviewofpredatorsthantheydo.”Shesaiditwasunclearwhethe

rotherbirdscoulddothesame,butitwashighlylikelyothermagpiesaroundAustraliaalreadydid.“Magpiesareaprettysmartgroup.We'renotsureifthey'relearningthis

fromothermagpiesorifthey'refiguringitoutontheirown,buttheabilityisthere.”Aspartoftheexperiment,researchers

alsoplayedathirdcall:acommon,non-warningcallfromacrimsonrosella.Theyfoundthemagpiesdidnotrespond.Potvinsaidthatwehadbeenactivel

yexploringanimalcognition(认知)research.“It'sagoodpieceofthepuzzle，”Potvinsaid.“Lookingatthesocialrelationshipsbetweensp

eciesthatliveincommunities.”语篇解读：一项研究发现，澳大利亚喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的交谈。而关于动物的认知能力还有待于人类进一步的探索。1．WhathavetheresearchersfoundaboutAustral

ianmagpies?A．Theycanunderstandotherbirdcalls.B．Theycancommunicatewithnoisyminers.C．Theyhaveaspecialpreference

forcheeses.D．Theyhavetheabilitytowarnthepredators.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“themagpiehaslearnedthemeaningsofdifferentnoisyminercalls”可知，喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的叫声。2．How

didtheresearchersgettheirfindings?A．Bycalculatingthebeakanglesofaerialandgroundpredators.B．Bycomparingthemagpieandtheminerresponsestothrea

ts.C．Bymonitoringthemagpieresponsestotheminerwarningcalls.D．Byrecordingthemagpielouderscreamforotherbirds'attention.解析：选C细节理解题。第四至七段中，研究人员通过定量研究，先研究喜

鹊平时的喙是怎么倾斜的，再与掘穴鸟有叫声时候的反应进行监控、对比，获得了研究结果。3．Themagpies'cognitioncanhelpthem________.A．haveabetterviewofthepredatorsthantheminersB．betterprotec

tthemselvesfromthepotentialthreatsC．cooperatewithotherbirdstodriveawaythepredatorsD．liveinharmonywithotherbirdsinthesameecosy

stem解析：选B细节理解题。根据倒数第五段第二句“Itpaysforthemagpietopayattentiontosomebodywhohasabetterviewofpredatorsthantheydo.”可知，喜

鹊关注能够更好地观察捕食者的掘穴鸟有利于保护自身的安全。所以喜鹊的认知能力能更好地保护自己免受潜在威胁。4．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．themagpies

aresmartlearnersofotherbirds'behaviourB．it'slikelythatotherbirdshavedevelopedthesameabilityC．thefindings

haveclarifiedtherelationshipsbetweenspeciesD．alotmoreremainstobeexploredaboutanimalcognition解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句“w

ehadbeenactivelyexploringanimalcognition(认知)research.‘It'sagoodpieceofthepuzzle’”可知人类一直都在探索动物的认知能力，这是一个很好的未知。由此可见关于动物的认知能力至今还是一个谜，仍然需要进一步探索。

B(2019·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)AlarmingheadlinessuggestoneinfourteenagegirlsintheUKareself-harming,motivatedbysexdiscrimina

tionandpressurestolookgoodinaselfie(自拍)society.ThesestoriescomefromareportbyUKcharityTheChildren'sSociety,basedonanongoingsurveyof11,000childrenag

ed14.Amongthegirls,22percentsaidtheyhadself-harmedwhileboys9percent.Butwhilethetermself-harmimproves

imagesofteenagerscuttingthemselves,thatmay,thankfully,beonlythemostextremeendofabroaderrange.Inthissurvey,participantsweremerely

askediftheyhad“hurtthemselvesonpurposeinanyway”．Somecouldhaveansweredyesforthingslikepunching(击拳)awallindissatisfact

ionordeliberatelygettingfalling-downdrunk.Otherscouldhavethoughtthequestionincludedmentalhurt.Suchself-destructivebehaviourwouldn

aturallybeofconcerntoparents,butwouldn'tbethatunusualforteenagers.MaxDavie,ahealthpromotionofficer,doesbelievethat

self-harmamongteensissomewhatontherise—butthinksthequestioninthissurveywasnotspecificenoughtorevealitsrealuniversality.Thelatesthead

linesjoinanongoingaccountaboutamentalhealthcrisisintoday'syouth.Someblamecutbacksinsocialservices,whileoth

erspointtoalooseningofsexualstandardsputtingteensatrisk.Forthosecautiousofnewtechnologies,itissocialmediaorthelatestpopularcomputerg

ames.Butsuchreportsalsodeservesomeskepticism.Claimsofhighratesofdepressionareusuallybasedonsurveyswithveryloose,non-medical

criteria.Thankfully,clinicaldepressionisstillrareinthisagegroup.Infact,adifferentandregularlyrepeatedsurveyhasfoundnochangein11-to-15

-year-olds'happinesswithlifeasawholebetween1995and2016.Nordidtheirsatisfactionwiththeirappearancechange,whichmakesitstrangetoblamethesel

fieculturefortheapparentself-harmincrease.Thissurvey,calledUnderstandingSociety,evenfoundimprovementinhappine

sswithfamilyandschoolworkoverthatperiod.ThesemoreoptimisticfindingswerealsointhelatestChildren'sSocietyreportbutwereburiedatthebottom

oftheirpressrelease.Daviethinkstheriseinself-harmmaynotbeduetoariseinunhappiness,butsimplythatthisagegroupnowseesself­harmas

amoreculturallyacceptablewaytoexpressextremesufferings.“Itmaybethatpreviouslypeopledidn'tknowthatthiswassom

ethingyoucoulddo.Ifpeoplearetalkingaboutsomethingandnormalizingit,it'sprobablymorelikelythattheirpeerswilldoit.”Ifthat

isthecase,itisallthemorereasonnottomakeself-harmseemmorecommonthanitreallyis.语篇解读：本文主要谈论了青少年自残这种社会现象。5．InresponsetothesurveyreportedbyTheC

hildren'sSociety,theauthorbelieves________.A．thesurveyisunscientificasitaskedveryspecificquestionsB．theself-destructivebehavior

forteensisworryingtoparentsC．thenumberofself-harmingteensisalarmingbecauseofselfiesD．theimagesofteens'self-harmarebecomingmorespeci

fic解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Suchself-destructivebehaviourwouldnaturallybeofconcerntoparents,butwouldn'tbethatunusualforteenagers.”可知，这种自我毁灭性的行为自然

会引起父母的关注，但对于青少年来说也不算罕见。6．WhatdoesMaxDaviethinkofself-harmamongteenagers?A．Thesituationistooworrying.B．Theriseissomewhatbeneficial.C．Theproble

misactuallywidespread.D．Thephenomenonisnotsouniversal.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“MaxDavie,ahealthpromotionofficer,doesbeli

evethatself-harmamongteensissomewhatontherise—butthinksthequestioninthissurveywasnotspecificenoughtore

vealitsrealuniversality.”可知麦克斯·戴维(MaxDavie)确实认为青少年的自我伤害有所上升，但认为本次调查中的问题不够具体，无法揭示其真正的普遍性。7．WhatcanweknowfromthesurveycalledUnderst

andingSociety?A．Teenagersinthepastlivedahappierlife.B．Selfiecultureisresponsiblefortheincreaseofself-harm.C．Thereisnoconnectionbetweenself-harmandsel

fie.D．Withselfieteenagersaremoresatisfiedwiththeirappearance.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第六段的内容，特别是第二句“Nordidtheirsatisfactionwiththeirappearancechange,whichmakesit

strangetoblametheselfieculturefortheapparentself-harmincrease.”可知，从1995到2016，青少年的幸福感整体并没有太大变化，他们对自己外貌

的满意度也没有发生变化，所以说把自残这一现象的增长归因到自拍文化是很奇怪的。8．Thelasttwoparagraphsmainlyimplythat________.A．self-harmresultsfromtoomuchpressureB．self-harmistheres

ultofsocialdevelopmentC．teensneedcorrectguidancefromtheoutsideD．teensshouldavoidfollowingpeers'examples解析：选C推

理判断题。根据最后两段的内容，尤其是倒数第二段第一句“Daviethinkstheriseinself-harmmaynotbeduetoariseinunhappiness,butsimplythatthisagegroupnowseesself-

harmasamoreculturallyacceptablewaytoexpressextremesufferings.”可知戴维认为，自残情绪的上升可能不是因为不快乐情绪的上升，而是因为这个年龄段的人现在把自残看作是一种在文化上可以接受的表达极度痛苦的方式。而青少年的这

种理解是不正确的，所以需要外界正确的引导。C(2019·南京模拟)Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnois

esaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydi

fferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,but

fewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificantnoises—thephonemes(音素)ofalanguage—eachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovaguedistinc

tionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?Newresearch

suggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We'dratherthinkofl

anguageastheproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.Hunte

rgathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals(唇齿音)—thosesuchas“f”and“v”thataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth

.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem,forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming,theseconsonants(辅

音)aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eitherway,theyneedtoch

ewmushless,andtobitelesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestor

swhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音)ones:oneexampleisthat“f”cametot

aketheplaceof“p”.Romanssaid“pater”butEnglishspeakers(unlessthey'reRees-Moggs)say“father”．Beyondtheseparticularchanges,thes

toryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:speechmustcombinesoundandmean

ing,andthemeaningcan'texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepurelyphysical,a

sourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws,andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.

Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshapesourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayh

aveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheoffice

desk,evenifthecalorieisthesame.Foodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthepalate(味觉)．语篇解读：本文阐述了日常饮食和思维、语言发

展之间的关系。9．Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmoreeasily________.A．createsignificantnoisesB．classifytheformsofnoisesC．understandtheGreeklanguageD．disting

uishmeaningfulsounds解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，特别是前两句可知，婴儿有着成年人完全失去了的惊人的天赋，到了一岁的时候，他们就可以识别周围的明显噪声，并把它们分成一种语言。所以说与成人相比，婴

儿更容易辨别有意义的声音。10．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?A．Lipsandteeth.B．Jobsandhabits.C．Ageandregions

.D．Foodandthinking.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“We'dratherthinkoflanguageastheproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.In

reality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.”可知，我们宁愿把语言看作是我们思想的产物，而不是我们牙齿的排列。然而，实际上，任何给定的语言都必须是两者。由此推断食物和思维有助于塑造语言。11．Thereasonforfarmers'making

soundsof“f”and“v”is________.A．enjoyingmorecookedfoodsB．bitingmorewithfrontteethC．constantlychewingharde

rfoodsD．growingupwithlagerlowerjaws解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Butinculturesthathavediscovered...farmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairyth

anhuntergatherers.”可知在发现了农业的文化中，“f”和“v”这些辅音更为常见，这是因为农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品。12．Bywritingthispassage,theauthorintendstoreveal___

_____.A．jawshelpshapeourthoughtB．fooddeterminesourthoughtC．diethassomeinfluenceonlanguageD．languageconsistsofs

oundandmeaning解析：选C写作意图题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了日常饮食、思维和语言发展之间的关系。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是为了揭示饮食对语言的影响。