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专题限时检测(二十二)阅读理解C篇高分练(三)(共3篇，限时24分钟)A(2019·南通七市模拟)Australianmagpiescanunderstandwhatotherbirdsaresayingtoeachother,anews

tudyhasfound.Theresearch,publishedinthejournalAnimalBehaviour,saysthemagpiehaslearnedthemeaningsofdiff

erentnoisyminercallsandessentiallyeavesdrops(偷听)tofindoutwhichpredators(食肉动物)arenear.Noisyminers—asmall,nativehoneyeater—havedifferentwarningcalls

forground-basedandaerial(飞行的)predators.Byplayingbothkindsofrecordingtoaseriesofwildmagpies,researchersobservedthemagpiesrais

ingtheirbeaks(喙)tothesky,ordroppingtheirheadstotheground.Researchersattractedthemagpieswithcheese,thenplayedthenoisyminercalls,video

tapingtheresults.Asacontrol,theyalsorolledalargeorangeballtowardsthemagpiestoseehowtheyordinarilytilted(倾斜)theirbeakstogroundthreats,andthrew

theballtoseehowtheyreactedtoaerialthreats.Theresearchersrecordedanaveragemaximumbeakangleof29degreesforthethrownba

ll,andanaveragemaximumofninedegreeswhenitwasrolled.Theminers'aerialwarningcausedanaveragemaximumbeakangleof31degrees,andtheground

warningcausedanaveragemaximumof24.Oneofthestudy'sauthors,DominiquePotvin,saidthemagpiesshowedanastonishinglevelofinsight.Magpiesandminersbroadlyfac

ethesametypesofpredatorsandthetwofrequentlyliveinthesameecosystem.Potvinsaidthishadencouragedthemagp

ies'learnedbehaviour.“Magpiesaregenerallyfoundonthegroundandnoisyminersaregenerallyfoundupintrees.Itpaysforthemagpie

topayattentiontosomebodywhohasabetterviewofpredatorsthantheydo.”Shesaiditwasunclearwhetherotherbirdscoulddothesame,bu

titwashighlylikelyothermagpiesaroundAustraliaalreadydid.“Magpiesareaprettysmartgroup.We'renotsureifthey'relearningthisfromothermagpi

esorifthey'refiguringitoutontheirown,buttheabilityisthere.”Aspartoftheexperiment,researchersalsoplayedathirdcall:acommon,non-warningcallfromacrimso

nrosella.Theyfoundthemagpiesdidnotrespond.Potvinsaidthatwehadbeenactivelyexploringanimalcognition(认知)research.“It'sagoodpieceofthe

puzzle，”Potvinsaid.“Lookingatthesocialrelationshipsbetweenspeciesthatliveincommunities.”语篇解读：一项研究发现，澳大

利亚喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的交谈。而关于动物的认知能力还有待于人类进一步的探索。1．WhathavetheresearchersfoundaboutAustralianmagpies?A．Theycanunderstandoth

erbirdcalls.B．Theycancommunicatewithnoisyminers.C．Theyhaveaspecialpreferenceforcheeses.D．Theyhavetheabilitytowarnthepredat

ors.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“themagpiehaslearnedthemeaningsofdifferentnoisyminercalls”可知，喜鹊能理解其他鸟类的叫声。2．Howdidtheresearchersgettheirfindings?A．

Bycalculatingthebeakanglesofaerialandgroundpredators.B．Bycomparingthemagpieandtheminerresponsestothreats.C．Bymonito

ringthemagpieresponsestotheminerwarningcalls.D．Byrecordingthemagpielouderscreamforotherbirds'attention.解析：选C细节理解题。第四至七段中，研究人员通

过定量研究，先研究喜鹊平时的喙是怎么倾斜的，再与掘穴鸟有叫声时候的反应进行监控、对比，获得了研究结果。3．Themagpies'cognitioncanhelpthem________.A．haveabetterviewofthe

predatorsthantheminersB．betterprotectthemselvesfromthepotentialthreatsC．cooperatewithotherbirdstodriveawaythepredato

rsD．liveinharmonywithotherbirdsinthesameecosystem解析：选B细节理解题。根据倒数第五段第二句“Itpaysforthemagpietopayattentiontosomebodywhohasab

etterviewofpredatorsthantheydo.”可知，喜鹊关注能够更好地观察捕食者的掘穴鸟有利于保护自身的安全。所以喜鹊的认知能力能更好地保护自己免受潜在威胁。4．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A．themagpiesaresma

rtlearnersofotherbirds'behaviourB．it'slikelythatotherbirdshavedevelopedthesameabilityC．thefindingshaveclarifiedther

elationshipsbetweenspeciesD．alotmoreremainstobeexploredaboutanimalcognition解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句“wehadb

eenactivelyexploringanimalcognition(认知)research.‘It'sagoodpieceofthepuzzle’”可知人类一直都在探索动物的认知能力，这是一个很好的未知。由此可见关于动物的认

知能力至今还是一个谜，仍然需要进一步探索。B(2019·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)AlarmingheadlinessuggestoneinfourteenagegirlsintheUKareself-harming,moti

vatedbysexdiscriminationandpressurestolookgoodinaselfie(自拍)society.ThesestoriescomefromareportbyUKcharityTheChildren'sSociety,based

onanongoingsurveyof11,000childrenaged14.Amongthegirls,22percentsaidtheyhadself-harmedwhileboys9percent.Butwhilethetermself-harmimpr

ovesimagesofteenagerscuttingthemselves,thatmay,thankfully,beonlythemostextremeendofabroaderrange.Inthissurvey,participantsweremerelyaskedif

theyhad“hurtthemselvesonpurposeinanyway”．Somecouldhaveansweredyesforthingslikepunching(击拳)awallindissatisfactionordelibera

telygettingfalling-downdrunk.Otherscouldhavethoughtthequestionincludedmentalhurt.Suchself-destructivebehaviourwouldnaturallybeofconcerntopare

nts,butwouldn'tbethatunusualforteenagers.MaxDavie,ahealthpromotionofficer,doesbelievethatself-harmamongteensissomewhatontheri

se—butthinksthequestioninthissurveywasnotspecificenoughtorevealitsrealuniversality.Thelatestheadlinesjoinano

ngoingaccountaboutamentalhealthcrisisintoday'syouth.Someblamecutbacksinsocialservices,whileotherspointtoalooseningofsexualsta

ndardsputtingteensatrisk.Forthosecautiousofnewtechnologies,itissocialmediaorthelatestpopularcomputergames.Butsuchreportsalsodeservesomeskepti

cism.Claimsofhighratesofdepressionareusuallybasedonsurveyswithveryloose,non-medicalcriteria.Thankfully,

clinicaldepressionisstillrareinthisagegroup.Infact,adifferentandregularlyrepeatedsurveyhasfoundnochangein11-to-15-year-olds'happinesswithlifeas

awholebetween1995and2016.Nordidtheirsatisfactionwiththeirappearancechange,whichmakesitstrangetoblametheselfiecult

urefortheapparentself-harmincrease.Thissurvey,calledUnderstandingSociety,evenfoundimprovementinhappinesswithfamilyandschoolwork

overthatperiod.ThesemoreoptimisticfindingswerealsointhelatestChildren'sSocietyreportbutwereburiedatthebottomoftheirpressrelease.Davieth

inkstheriseinself-harmmaynotbeduetoariseinunhappiness,butsimplythatthisagegroupnowseesself­harmasamorecu

lturallyacceptablewaytoexpressextremesufferings.“Itmaybethatpreviouslypeopledidn'tknowthatthiswassomethingyoucoulddo.Ifpeoplearetalkingaboutso

methingandnormalizingit,it'sprobablymorelikelythattheirpeerswilldoit.”Ifthatisthecase,itisallthemorereasonnottomakeself-

harmseemmorecommonthanitreallyis.语篇解读：本文主要谈论了青少年自残这种社会现象。5．InresponsetothesurveyreportedbyTheChildren'sSociety,theauthorbelieves_____

___.A．thesurveyisunscientificasitaskedveryspecificquestionsB．theself-destructivebehaviorforteensisworryingtoparentsC．the

numberofself-harmingteensisalarmingbecauseofselfiesD．theimagesofteens'self-harmarebecomingmorespecific解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句

“Suchself-destructivebehaviourwouldnaturallybeofconcerntoparents,butwouldn'tbethatunusualforteenagers.”可知，这种自我毁灭性的行为自然会引起父母

的关注，但对于青少年来说也不算罕见。6．WhatdoesMaxDaviethinkofself-harmamongteenagers?A．Thesituationistooworrying.B．Theriseissom

ewhatbeneficial.C．Theproblemisactuallywidespread.D．Thephenomenonisnotsouniversal.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“MaxDavie,ahealthpromotionofficer,doesbelieveth

atself-harmamongteensissomewhatontherise—butthinksthequestioninthissurveywasnotspecificenoughtorevealitsrealuniversality.”可知麦克斯·戴维(MaxDavie)确实

认为青少年的自我伤害有所上升，但认为本次调查中的问题不够具体，无法揭示其真正的普遍性。7．WhatcanweknowfromthesurveycalledUnderstandingSociety?A．Teenagersinthepastlivedahappi

erlife.B．Selfiecultureisresponsiblefortheincreaseofself-harm.C．Thereisnoconnectionbetweenself-harmandselfi

e.D．Withselfieteenagersaremoresatisfiedwiththeirappearance.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第六段的内容，特别是第二句“Nordidtheirsatisfactionwiththeirappearancechange,whichmak

esitstrangetoblametheselfieculturefortheapparentself-harmincrease.”可知，从1995到2016，青少年的幸福感整体并没有太大变化，他们对自己外貌的满意度也没有发生变化，所以说把自残这一现象的增长归因到自拍文化是很奇怪的

。8．Thelasttwoparagraphsmainlyimplythat________.A．self-harmresultsfromtoomuchpressureB．self-harmistheresultofs

ocialdevelopmentC．teensneedcorrectguidancefromtheoutsideD．teensshouldavoidfollowingpeers'examples解析：

选C推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容，尤其是倒数第二段第一句“Daviethinkstheriseinself-harmmaynotbeduetoariseinunhappiness,butsimplythatthisagegroupnowseess

elf-harmasamoreculturallyacceptablewaytoexpressextremesufferings.”可知戴维认为，自残情绪的上升可能不是因为不快乐情绪的上升，而是因为这个年龄段的人现在把自残看作是一种在文化上可

以接受的表达极度痛苦的方式。而青少年的这种理解是不正确的，所以需要外界正确的引导。C(2019·南京模拟)Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Byth

eageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults

,itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thi

sisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butfewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignific

antnoises—thephonemes(音素)ofalanguage—eachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovaguedistinctionswhichwouldchangetheme

aningofawordinotherlanguages.Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?Newresearchsuggeststhattheap

parentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We'dratherthinkoflanguageastheproductofourthou

ght,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.Huntergathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownasla

biodentals(唇齿音)—thosesuchas“f”and“v”thataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.Onlytwoofthehundredso

fAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem,forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming,theseconsonants(辅音)aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgo

esthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eitherway,theyneedtochewmushless,andtobi

telesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadt

obitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音)on

es:oneexampleisthat“f”cametotaketheplaceof“p”.Romanssaid“pater”butEnglishspeakers(unlessthey'reRees-Moggs)say“father”．Beyondtheseparticularchanges,t

hestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan'texistorb

etransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepurelyphysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforei

gnlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws,andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshap

esourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowwe

eatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheofficedesk,evenifth

ecalorieisthesame.Foodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthepalate(味觉)．语篇解读：本文阐述了日常饮食和思维、语言发展之间的关系。9

．Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmoreeasily________.A．createsignificantnoisesB．classifytheformsofnoisesC．understandtheGreeklanguageD．dis

tinguishmeaningfulsounds解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，特别是前两句可知，婴儿有着成年人完全失去了的惊人的天赋，到了一岁的时候，他们就可以识别周围的明显噪声，并把它们分成一

种语言。所以说与成人相比，婴儿更容易辨别有意义的声音。10．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?A．Lipsandteeth.B．Jobsandhabits.C．Ageandregions.D．F

oodandthinking.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“We'dratherthinkoflanguageastheproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygi

venlanguagemustbeboth.”可知，我们宁愿把语言看作是我们思想的产物，而不是我们牙齿的排列。然而，实际上，任何给定的语言都必须是两者。由此推断食物和思维有助于塑造语言。11．Thereasonforfarmers'makingsoundsof“f”a

nd“v”is________.A．enjoyingmorecookedfoodsB．bitingmorewithfrontteethC．constantlychewingharderfoodsD．growingupwithlagerlowerjaws解析：选A细节理解题

。根据第三段中的“Butinculturesthathavediscovered...farmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.”可知在发现了农业的文化中，“f”和“v”这些辅音更为常见，这是因为农民比狩猎采

集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品。12．Bywritingthispassage,theauthorintendstoreveal________.A．jawshelpshapeourthoughtB．fooddeterminesourthoughtC．diethassomeinfluenceonlang

uageD．languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning解析：选C写作意图题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了日常饮食、思维和语言发展之间的关系。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是为了揭示饮食对语言的影响。