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绝密★启用前2018年1月上海普通高等招生统一考试英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意：答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。1.ListeningComprehensionDirect

ions：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeaks.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwill

beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefo

urpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Herworkingalldaylong.B.Thefamilyreunion.C.Theannoyin

ghousework.D.Theintenseschedule.2.A.Thekidswerefrightenedbythemovie.B.Thekidsenjoyedthemovie.C.Themovieisnot

suitableforkidstosee.D.Themovieisquiteboring.3.A.Sheisdrinkingteaatatable.B.Sheisinterestedinreadingmagazines.C.Shelikesthepicturesinthemagazines

.D.Shedoesn’tknowanyChinese.4.A.Supermarket.B.Drugstore.C.Barbershop.D.Shoppingcenter.5.A.Helikescoo

kingfoodhimself.B.Hethinksfrozenfoodishealthier.C.Heacceptsthewoman’sinvitation.D.Hepreferstobuyfrozenfood.6.A.Afu

ll-timestudent.B.Anexchangestudent.C.Avisitingscholar.D.Apart-timestudent.7.A.Sheisbossy.B.Sheisshy.C.Sheisarrogant(傲慢的).D

.Sheistrustworthy.8.A.He’sateacher.B.He’sawriter.C.He'sabusinessman.D.He’sajournalist.9.A.1hour.B.2hours.

C.3hours.D.4hours.10.A.Thebadweatherstoppedhim.B.Hisshoeswerewornout.C.Hedidn’tlikethebikingtrip.D.H

e’stootiredtocontinue.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconve

rsation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestion.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhe

araquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhavehear

d.Question11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Theybecamemoreactiveinwater.B.Symptomsofdepressiondisappeared.

C.Theirdigestiondeveloped.D.Theysufferedfromdepression.12.A.Neonlights.B.Kindlescreens.C.Overweight.D.Closedwindowcurtains.13.A.Turnoffa

lltheelectronicdevices.B.Readabookanddrinksomewater.C.Takesomesleeppills.D.Goonadietandlosesomeweight.Questions14through16arebasedonthefo

llowingpassage.14.A.71%ofthepoorliveadaywithlessthantendollars.B.Thepopulationofpeopleliveinpovertyhasdecreasedinth

epastdecade.C.Economicgrowthhasmadeglobalpovertyworsethanbefore.D.Themiddleclassarenowonestepawayfrompoverty.15.A.Themiddleclasshasexpandedinthe111c

ountries.B.Thenumberofmiddleclasshasincreasedbutitisnotaglobalphenomenon.C.Greatprogresshasbeenmadeforthepeopleinpove

rtywithimpressiveresults.D.Oncegettingoutofpoverty,thosepeoplewillliveabetterlife.16.A.Themiddleclasswouldnotallowthos

epoortomakeabetterliving.B.Whateverprogressismade,nothingwillbechanged.C.Goodchangesaretootinytomakethosepoorliveatotallydi

fferentlife.D.Developedcountriessufferfromthequestionfrombothpovertyandthemiddleclass.Questions17through

20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Athunderstormaccident.B.Acableemergency.C.AnappointmentonSatu

rday.D.Acomputersystembreakdown.18.A.Lightning.B.Powerfailure.C.Cablecut.D.Systemfailure.19.A.PlugtheTVoff.B.Keepthecableconnected.C.Stayathome.D.Cal

lthecablecenterforsure.20.A.OnSaturdaymorning.B.OnSaturdayafternoon.C.OnTuesdaymorning.D.OnTuesdayafternoon.II.Grammar

andVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachbla

nk.MyKid-FreeLifeIhadexpectedtohavemorefreetimeaftermysons,EvanandAlex,eachleftforcollegeandIdo.Thekitchencalendarlooksspare.Rarely(21)_

_______Ineedtopreparefamilydinnereveryday.Thereisalot(22)________(little)laundry.Whentheboyswereinfants,IwonderedhowI(23)__

______(spend)allthehoursbeforetheywereborn.(24)________________Ihavethosehoursback,Icanfocusonmyownneeds.Ihadalsoexpectedt

oworryaboutthemwhentheywereaway.AndIdo.Didtheygettheirflushots(流感疫苗注射)？Willtheyrememberthetalksabout“goodchoices”?Ontheotherhand,theworryismixedw

ithrelief.Ihaveseen(25)________vigorouslytheygrowwithoutme.DoImissthem?Yes.BothmoreandlessthanI’dguessed

.DoIfeelunitedforhavinglostmyprimaryroleinlife?No,becauseovertheyear,Itookgreatpride(26)________thefactthatmyidentitywasnotdependentontheir

s.But,surprisingly,yes.(27)________(be)adifferentkindofmotherdefinesmenow.Themissingcomesatunexpectedmoments:seein

gtheschoolbusdriveby,startingtoputtoomanyplatesonthetable…Whentheyhavedoubtsaboutfriendshipsorjobprospects,Icanonlysa

y,“I’msureyouwillfigureitout.”Andyet,thespaces(28)________(empty)bylossaremorethanfilledbywhatI’vefound.Inowhavethechance(2

9)________(see)themasthewholeworlddoesbutalsolikenooneelseeverwill.AsadultsIhappenedtohelpcreate.Therooms(30)_____

___theboysusedtolivelookvacant.Ifeelsadnessbutalsojoy.Iknewtheywouldleave,buttheywillfindtheirwayback.

Myhomeisempty.Butoverflowing.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcan

beusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.AddressB.fascinationC.governedD.imposingE.offensiveF.originallyG.overl

ookingH.rebellionI.reminderJ.randomlyK.sweptPalacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotec

tionagainstattacks.Itiseasytodefendafortress(堡垒）,butfortressesarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofkingorqueeninmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatar

eboth(31)________andwell-fortifiedtheclassicEuropeancastleisthepinnacle(小尖顶）ofdesign.Acrosstheagescastleschanged,deve

loped，andeventuallyfelloutofuse,buttheystillcommandthe(32)________ofourculture.Castleswere(33)________builtinEnglandbyNorm

aninvadersin1066.AsWilliamtheConqueror(34)________throughEngland,hefortifiedkeypositionstosecurethelandhehadtaken.T

hecastleshebuiltallowedtheNormanlordstoretreattosafetywhenthreatenedbyEnglish(35)________.Castlesalsoservedasbasesofoperationforoffensiveattacks.Tro

opsweresummonedto,organizedaround,anddeployedfromcastles.Inthiswaycastlesservedboth(36)________anddefensiverolesinmilitaryoperations.Notlimitedtomil

itarypurposes,castlesalsoservedasofficesfromWhichthelordwouldadministercontroloverhisfiefdom(领地).Thatistosa

y,thelordofthelandwouldholdcourtinhiscastle.Thosethatweresociallybeneaththelordwouldcometoreporttheaffairsofthelandsthatthey(37)________andpaidtri

butetothelord.Theywould(38)________disputes,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivities.Inthiswaycastlesservedasi

mportantsocialcentersinmedievalEngland.Castlesalsoservedassymbolsofpower.Builtonprominentsites(39)________thesurroundingareas,castle

sconstantlyloomedinthebackgroundofmanypeasants’livesandservedasadaily(40)________ofthelord’sstrength.III.ReadingC

omprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblank

withthewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Humanshatemarkedlytogiveworkersmorethantheydeserve；andindeedmanywillsettleforlesstocomp

ensateworkequitably.Butisthisimpulse(41)________?Perhapsnot,sayspsychologicalscientistMarieSchaferinGermany.AccordingtoSchafer,n

obodyhaseverlookedathowyoungchildrenfromdifferent(42)________thinkaboutmeritwhensharingrewards.Thereisreasontosuspectthatmeritocrac

ymaybemoreofaWesternconceptandvalue,sosheandseveralcolleaguesdecidedtoputthistothetest,studyingthe(43)________ofchildren,fourt

o11yearsold,inthreedifferentcultures.Theideawastotesthowmuchthechildrenvaluedmerit.Soeachchildwasgivenanumberofsweetsequaltothetota

lnumberoffishinthecatch,andwastoldtodistributethesweetsanywayheorshewanted—withoutadultsintheroomtoinfluencethem.Iftheyvaluedmerit,child

renshould(44)________thesweetsaccordingtosharesofthecatch.Thatis,iftheyhadlandedthesamenumberoffish,theywouldchoosetorewardeachone(

45)________,butifonefaredmuchbetteratfishing,rewardswouldalsobedisproportionate.Inthecasewheretheyweresimplygiventhe

fish,rewardsshouldbeunrelatedtocatchsize—sincenoeffortwasinvolved.(46)________matters.That’sthemainfindingamongmanyfrom

thestudy,asdescribedinaforthcomingissueofthejournalPsychologicalScience.TheGermanchildrendistributedthespoilsofthedaypreciselyinpropo

rtionto(47)________,evenwhenthismeantaveryunbalanceddistributionofrewards.Bycontrast,childrenfromthetworuralAfricanf

orager(狩猎)societiesbarelytookmeritintoconsiderationatall.Thesefindingssuggestthatthebasicnotionofmeritanddistributivejustice

isfarfromuniversalinourspecies,andthat(48)________isculturallydefined.Butwhy?Thescientistsoffersome(49)________onthis.Itcoul

dbethatinlarge-scalesocietieslikeGermany,ameritocracyis(50)________forregulatingtransactionsbetweenpeoplewh

odon’tknoweachotherandmaynotinteractagain.Thefocusisonequitableinteractions,becausethingswon’tbe“evenedo

ut”inthefuture.Insmallscalesocieties,(51)________，mostexchangestakeplacebetweenpeoplewhoare(52)________withoneanother.Itmaybemorei

mportantinsuchsocietiestobuildlong-termrelationshipsbasedonequity—ratherthantoinsistonequityinasingletra

nsaction.Inegalitarianforagersocieties,suchastheHaillom,(53)_______isanimportantlevelingmechanism,(54)________asymmetriesinweal

thandincreasingharmony.Childrenmayinternalizethesesocialvaluesearlyon,andapplythemevenwhenthefishingtripis(55)_____

___.41.A.unblockedB.universalC.unconsciousD.unique42.A.culturesB.casesC.companiesD.aspects43.A.moodB.behaviorC.emotionD.habit44

.A.collectB.loadC.stressD.distribute45.A.reallyB.deliberatelyC.equallyD.happily46.A.SceneB.ObjectC.CultureD.Trend47.A.producti

vityB.benefitC.interestD.survey48.A.tirednessB.businessC.thicknessD.fairness49.A.feelingsB.thoughtsC.livesD.emotions50.A.usefulB

.majorC.smallD.important51.A.inawordB.inadditionC.bycontrastD.what’smore52.A.familiarB.delightedC.satisfiedD.same53.A.co

operatingB.smilingC.equalingD.sharing54.A.forcingB.judgingC.balancingD.experiencing55.A.creativeB.imaginaryC.innovativeD.logicSec

tionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesm

arkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)WeHaveaPaintertoThankforYel

lowstoneBeforeartistThomasMoransetfootinthepark,itwasseenasunhappyplace.After,itwasmarketedasawonderland.Bef

oreThomasMoranarrived,Yellowstoneinthepopularimaginationwasaharsh,wildplacepockedwithhellishgeysers.Afterthepainter’sworkwasfinished,Yello

wstonewasestablishedasanationalparkandmarketedasawonderland.In1871MoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonhadjoinedthefirstU.S.governmentsurveyofthere

gion.FortwoweeksMoranfilledasketchbookwiththelandscape'smoststunningsights.Thesurveyresults,Jackson’sphotos,andMoran’swatercolors—th

efirstcolorrenderingsofthearea—werepresentedtoCongressthatfall.“Thephotographswereproofthatwhattheartistw

asshowingreallyexisted,”saysEleanorHarvey,seniorcuratorattheSmithsonianAmericanArtMuseum.InMarch1872lawmakersofficiallymadeYellow

stoneanationalpark,theworld’sfirst.ByApril,Moranhadtransformedsomeofhissketchesintoa7-by-l2-footpainting.Thegold-sp

latteredvalleyandbillowingLowerFallsof“TheGrandCanyonoftheYellowstone”attractedthepublic.“Itistoogran

dandwonderfulforwords,”declaredtheLadies’RepositorythatAugust,“andnonecaneverjudgeofitswondersfromanyengravingorphotographinm

ereblackandwhite.ThoughMoranlaterpaintedLakeSuperior,theGrandCanyon,andtheRockies,hisreputationwassointertwinedwithYello

wstonethathetooktosigninghispaintings“TYM,”forThomas“Yellowstone”Moran.56.WhatcanweknowaboutYellowstoneaccordingtothepassage

?A.ItwasapopularparkwithgeysersbeforeThomasMoranfinishedtransformation.B.Itwasanimaginationofaharshandwildplace.C.Itbecameanationalpa

rkwiththeeffortsofMoranandJackson.D.Itisanattractivegrandvalley.57.Whatdoesthe"pocked"meaninthefirstsent

ence(paragraph2)?A.Packed.B.Dotted.C.Blocked.D.Stuck.58.WhatarethecharacteristicsofThomasMoran’spaintingsaboutYellowstonePark?A.P

ayingattentiontocolorrenderingofpaintings.B.Hismagnificentandwonderfulpaintings.C.HisreputationcloselylinkedtoYell

owstonePark.D.Hispaintingswithnothingspecial.59.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheSignificanceofThomasMoran’spaintingstoYellowstonePark.B.HowY

ellowstoneParkisestablishedasaNationalPark.C.TheGreatPainter—ThomasMoran.D.TheprocessofYellowstoneParkbeinglabelledasafairyland.(B)WhyUPSTrucks,(Al

most)NeverTurnLeftByfavoringright-handturnsatalltimes—unlessaleftisunavoidable—thecarriersavesmillionsofgallonsoffueleachyear,andavoidsemi

ssionsequivalenttoover20,000passengercars.Thepracticestarteddecadesago,beforecomputersandGPS,andisnowmanagedbyasoftwar

ethatconjuresthemostefficientrouteforeachtruck.What’swrongwithturningleft?Left-handturnsaregenerallyconsideredunsafeandwastefulonri

ght-handdrivingroads,suchasthoseintheU.S.“Left-turningtraffictypicallyhastoturnagainstaflowofoncomingvehicles,”explainsTomVand

erbilt,authorofthebook"Traffic:WhyWedrivethewaywedo.”“Thiscannotonlybedangerous,butmakestrafficbuildup,unlessyouinstalladedicatedleft

-turn‘phase’,whichisfinebutbasicallyadds30or45secondstoeveryoneelse’ssingletime,”hesaid.Astudyoncrashfac

torsinintersection-relatedaccidentsfromtheU.S.NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAssociationshowsthatturningleftisoneoftheleading“criticalpre-crash

events”(aneventthatmadeacollisioninevitable),occurringin22.2percentofcrashes,asopposedto1.2percentforrightturns.About61percentofcrashesthato

ccurwhileturningorcrossinganintersectioninvolveleftturns,asopposedtojust3.1percentinvolvingrightturns.Leftturnsarealsothreetimesmorelikelytokill

pedestriansthanrightones,accordingtodatacollectedbyNewYorkCity’stransportationplanners.Therightwaytosavefuel“Aleft-handturnisalsole

ssfuelefficient,”saidJackLevis,UPSSeniorDirectorofProcessManagement,“becauseyourcar’sidling(未熄火)longer,whichisalsonotgoodfory

ourvehicle.”UPSdoesnotbanleftturnsoutright,saysLevis:“Wewillmakelefthandturns,butnotonesthatareunnecessary.Wedon’tneedtogoincircles

alldaylongbymakingonlyrighthandturns.Wehavetoolsanalyzethenumberoflefthandturnforeachroute,andwecanworkoutwhichonesareavoid

able.”Theprocedureinnowincorporatedinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.Tothisend,thecarriercreateditsownmaps,

whichitsaysaremoreaccuratethatcommerciallyavailableones:“Wecandifferentiatemoreimportantleft-handturnsfromunimportantones.GoogleM

apshasnoconceptofnotmakingaleft-handturn,itjustshowsthemostdirectwaytoreachyourdestination.Wehavetheabilitytopenalizesomeofthose.”LevistoldCNN.The

systemknowsaboutparkinglots,privatedriveways,variablespeedlimitsandroadsthatareinaccessibleforatruck.Thesoftw

arecangiveanundesirableleftturnapenaltythatadds20secondstotheestimatedroutelime.Inthatcase,goingaroundtheblockandturningalwaysrightmightoffset

that20-sccondpenalty：“Wewereabletoturnofflefthandturns,”saidLevis.Takingalongerroutewhilestillsavingtimeandfuelm

ightsoundconfusing,eventoUPSdrivers,accordingtoVanderbilt:“I’veactuallybeentoUPS'slogisticscenteranddiscu

ssedthiswiththeirleadengineers.”hesaid.“Alotofindividualdriversfeltthenewroutingsoftwarewasmakingtheirtripslonger，buttheywerel

aterprovenwrong.Thisisthethingabouttraffic,it’ssuchacomplexsystemthatoftentheindividualcannotgetasenseoftheoverallefficienc

yofthesystem,andoptimizeaccordingly.It’salsooneofthecounterintuitive,‘slower-is-faster’effectsyouoftenseeintraffic.”Therul

e,saysLevis,canalsobeappliedtoleft-handdrivingcountries,suchasAustraliaandtheUK,whereitdiscouragesright-handturns.60.HowmuchresourcescanU

PStruckssavebyavoidingturningleft?A.UPStruckswillconsumemillionsofgallonsoffuel.B.TheemissionofUPStrucksisequivalenttotha

tofover2000passengercars.C.UPStrucksestimatetosave100,000metrictonsofC02emissionayear.D.UPStrucksestimateanincreaseof6to8milespe

rroute.61.InTomVanderbilt'sView,howtoDealwiththeLeftTurnProblemintheUnitedStates?A.Installadedicatedleftturnphase.B.Tr

afficplannersmanageroadconditions。C.Operatorsmaketheirowntrafficmaps.D.Nationalpolicyencouragesleftturnofvehicles.62.

WhichofthefollowingoptionsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.It’sunsafetoturnleftonright-handdrivingroads.B.Turningleftisresource-efficienton

right-handdrivingroads.C.Leftturningislikelytocausetrafficaccidents.D.Left-turnisdiscouragedinallcountries.(C)“Isdatathenewoil?askedproponentsof

bigdatabackin2012inForbesmagazine.By2016,andtheriseofbigdata'sturbo-poweredcousindeeplearning,wehadbecomemorecertain:“Dataisthenewoil,”

statedFortune.Amazon’sNeilLawrencehasaslightlydifferentanalogy:Data,hesays,iscoal.Notcoaltoday,though,butcoalintheearlydaysofthe1

8thcentury,whenThomasNewcomeninventedthesteamengine.ADevonianironmonger,Newcomenbuilthisdevicetopumpwateroutofthesouthwest’sproli

fictinmines.TheProblem,asLawrencetoldtheRe-WorkconferenceonDeepLearninginLondon.wasthatthepumpwasrathermoreusefultothosewhohadaloto

fcoalthanthosewhodidn’t:itwasgood,butnotgoodenoughtobuycoalintorunit.ThatwassotruethatthefirstofNewcomen’ssteame

ngineswasn’tbuiltinatinmine,butincoalworksnearDudley.Sowhyisdatacoal?Theproblemissimilar:therearealotofNewcomensintheworldofdeeplearning.Startupsli

keLondon’sMagicPonyandSwiftKeyarecomingupwithrevolutionarynewwaystotrainmachinestodoimpressivefeatsofcognition,fromreconstructingfacialdatafromgr

ainyimagestolearningthewritingstyleofanindividualusertobetterpredictwhichwordtheyaregoingtotypeinasentence.Andyet,like

Newcomen,theirinnovationsaresomuchmoreusefultothepeoplewhoactuallyhavecopious(丰富的)amountsofrawmaterialtoworkfrom.AndsoMagicPonyisacq

uiredbyTwitter,SwiftKeyisacquiredbyMicrosoftandLawrencehimselfgetshiredbyAmazonfromtheUniversityofSheffield,wherehewa

sbaseduntilthreeweeksago.Butthereisacodatothestory：69yearslater,JamesWattmadeanicetweaktotheNewcomensteam

engine,addingacondensertothedesign.Thatchange,Lawrencesaid,“madethesteamenginemuchmoreefficient,andthat’swhattriggertheindustrialrevolution.Whetherda

taisoilorcoal,then,there’sanotherwaytheanalogyholdsup.alotofworkisgoingintotryingtomakesurewecandomore,withless.It’snotasimpres

siveasteachingacomputertoplayGoorPac-Manbetterthananyhumanalive,but“dataefficiency”isacrucialstepifdeep

learningisgoingtomoveawayfromsimplygobblingupoodlesofdataandspittingoutthebestcorrelationspossible.“Ifyoulookatalltheareasw

heredeeplearningissuccessful,they’reallareaswherethere’slotsofdata,”pointsoutLawrence.That’sgreatifyouwantt

ocategorizeimagesofcats,butlesshelpfulifyouwanttousedeeplearningtodiagnoserareillnesses.‘‘It’sgenerallyconsidereduneth

icaltoforcepeopletobecomesickinordertoacquiredata.63.Accordingtothepassage,whydataisseenasthenewcoal?A.Itcandrivethesteamenginetopum

pwater.B.Itcanhelppeoplemakemorecoals.C.Itcanhelptheareasofdeeplearning.D.Itcanhelpcurediagnoserareilln

esses.64.AccordingtoLawrence,whybigdataislesshelpfultodiagnoserareillnesses?A.Becausethereisnosuchdemand.B.Becauseitcanonlyusetocatego

rizeimagesofcats.C.Becauseit’sunethicaltoacquiredatabyforcingpeopletobecomesick.D.Becauseitneedstoomuchdata.65.Whichareasaremostli

kelytobesuccessfulinin-depthlearning?A.Somesmallstart-ups.B.Areaswithlargeamountsofdata.C.CoalandPetroleumDevelopmentField

.D.Areasfortacklingrarediseases.66.Accordingtothecontentofthearticle,whichisNOTTRUEaboutthebigdata?A.Westillhavealotofworktostudythebigdata

.B.Itrequirescountlessdatatobecollected.C.Thepurposeofstudyingbigdataistosaveparents’costs.D.“Dataefficiency”isacriticalsteptoexploremo

redata.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyo

nce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Weweighbenefitsofmedicationsversusthecomplexityofaddingonemore

drugtohercrowdedpillbox.B.Ifyouansweredno,you’renotalone.C.Whenyouropinionsareshared,youwillfindmorepotenti

alaboutyou.D.Yourvaluesandneedsmayalsovaryfromoneappointmenttothenext.E.Thetruedifferencereliesonwhatyouunderstandins

teadofwhatyousee.F.Ayearfromnowaftergraduation,we’llrevisittheconversation,ashisgoalsandneedsmaybedifferent.TheMostImportan

tThingYou’reNotDiscussingwithYourDoctorShareddecisionmakingrequiresyoutobeanactiveparticipant.Politiciansandpolicymak

ersarediscussingwhatpartsoftheAffordableCareActtochangeandwhattokeep.Whilemostofushavelittlecontroloverthosediscussions,the

reisonehealthcaretopicthatwecancontrol；whatwetalkaboutwithourdoctor.TheInstituteofMedicine(IOM)releasedthel

andmarkpublicationCrossingtheQualityChasm15yearsago.ThereportproposedsixaimsforimprovementintheU.S.healthsystem,ident

ifyingthathealthcareshouldbepatient-centered，safe,effective,timely,efficientandequitable.Theideathathealthcareshouldbe

patient-centeredsoundsobvious,butwhatdoesthatmean?TheIOMdefinesitascarethatis“respectfulofandresponsivetoindividualpatientpreferences,needs,and

values”andthatensures“patientvaluesguideallclinicaldecisions.”Forthistotrulyhappen,doctors’appointmentsneedtocovermoretopicsthanh

owoneisfeelingandwhatcanbedone.Doesyourdoctorknowyourvalues?____66_____Fewerthanhalfofpeoplereportthattheirphysicianorotherhealthc

areprovideraskabouttheirgoalsandconcernsfortheirhealthandhealthcare.Yourdoctorcandiscussmedicaltestsandtreatmen

tswithoutknowingyourlifegoals,butsharingyourvaluesandneedswithyourdoctormakesdiscussionsanddecisionsmorepersonalizeda

ndmayleadtobetterhealth.Howdoespatient-centeredcarehappen?Inorderforyourhealthcaretocenteraroundyou,yourdoctorneedstoknowyourvalues,pref

erencesandneeds.Everyoneisdifferent.(67)__________Asaneurologist,whenI’mworkingwitha76-year-oldwidowwhosemaingoalistoremainindependentinherhome,wefr

amehercareinthatcontext.(68)__________Wediscusshowawalkerhelpsherbemoreindependentratherthanless,asshecanmovearoundherhom

emoresafely.Whenastressedcollegestudentcomestomyofficeforabothersometremor,hispreferenceistoavoidmedications

thathemightforgettotakeorthatmightharmhisschoolperformance.Thisguidesourdiscussionoftheprosandconsofdifferento

ptions,includingusingmedicationsbutalsodoingnothing,anoptionthatalmosthalfofpatientsfeelstronglyshouldalwaysb

ediscussed.(69)__________Insharingtheirvaluesandgoalswithme,theseindividualsenabledahealthcareapproachthatrespectedthei

rneedsandalsorespondedtotheirlifecircumstances.IV.SummaryWritingDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ToLaughIsHumanMostofusdon’tknowwhywelaughatsomejokesandnotatothers.S

cientistsknowthatweareabletolaughatbirth.Babiesbegintolaughatthreetofourmonthsofage,wellbeforetheyproducetheirfirs

twords.Whatscientistsareinterestediniswhywelaugh.Scientistsbelievehumanslaughwithothersprimarilybecauseitmakesusfeelconnectedwith

oneanother,whichinturngivesusasenseoftrustandcomfort.Toscientists,laughterisanunconsciousreaction；consequently,whenwelaugh,others

canbecertainthatitisanhonestreaction,andhonestyiskeywhenbuildingandmaintainingfriendships.Sincelaughterisseenasasocialsignalthatwesendtoother

s,itcanalsohelpexplainwhyitissoinfectious.Studieshaveproventhatwhenpeopleseeorhearsomethingfunny,theyare20timesmorelikelytolaughw

hentheyarewithothersthantheyarealone.Wantingtobeacceptedbyothersispartofhumannature.Andmirroringotherpeopl

e’slaughterisawaytosignaltoothersthatyoufeelthewaytheydo,whichmakesusfeelmoreconnectedwithoneanother.Humanshavenotalwayslaughedjustsotheycanfeel

closertoothers,howeverScientistspointoutthatthissocialfunctionoflaughterwasbornoutofanevenmorefundam

entalhumanneed.Laughter,theybelieve,cameaboutbecauseitcontributedtoourverysurvivalasaspecies.Scientistsassumethatshar

inglaughterensuredourancestorsahighersurvivalratebecauseitledtogreatercooperationbetweenindividuals.Humanlearnedq

uicklythatgreatercooperationledtosurvival,andthebraininturnrealizedthatlaughingwithothersincreasedoutchancesoffindingpeople

tocooperate,hunt,eat,live,andeventually,survivewith.V.TranslationDirections：Translatethefollowingsentencesinto

English,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.少喝含糖的饮料，否则你会容易发胖。73.在法庭上，他坚持自己没犯抢劫罪。（guilty)74.你是不是同意，在心情愉快的时

候，总会有创意出现?（occur)75.当谈到办公室冲突的时候，专家建议应更多地反思自己，更多地换位思考，并及时与同事沟通。(whenitcomesto)VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120—150wordsacco

rdingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学的学生王磊，你校计划引进一个机器人担任餐厅服务员或者图书馆管理员，并在英语贴吧征求学生意见，你很感兴趣，决定回帖响应，你所写的内容应包括：1．你认为机器人适合

担任的一个岗位，二选一；2．通过比较，阐述你选择的理由，可以从工作效率、服务范围等方面进行表述。2018年1月上海普通高等招生统一考试英语试卷参考答案I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSec

tionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeaks.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhat

wassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutIt,readthefou

rpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.M:Kate,happynewyear

!Areyoudoinganythingspecial?W:Oh,Bob,thanks!I'mverybusyandverytired.Mybrothersandsistersjoinedusandwehadabigdinnertogether.

Q:WhatmadeKatebusyandtired?2.M:Caroline,couldyoutakethekidstothemovieSpiderMan?W:Yeah...butdon'tyouthinkthemoviei

stooviolentforthem?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?3.M:Takeaseathere.Therearesomeinterestingmagazinesontheteatable.W:Thankyou.IguessIcanonlyundersta

ndthepicturesbecausetheyareallChinesemagazines.Q:Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?4.M:Ineedtoothpasteandshampoo.Doyouthinkwecanfindadrugstorehere?

W:I'msurewecan.Butthoseitemsareoftencheaperinthesupermarkets.Let'sgodowntotheotherendofthemall.Q:Wherewillthespeakersmostprobablytogo?5.W:Whydon'

tyoucomeover.Iwasthinkingaboutdoingsomecooking.M:IsupposeIcould.It'llprobablybehealthierthanmyfrozenfoodoptions.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?6.M

:IsthereanywayIcantake6courses?W:itdepends.Ifyouareafull-timestudent,youcan.Ifyouareavisitingscholar,

apart-timestudent,oranexchangestudent,youcantakeupto5courses.Q:Whocantakeasmanyas6courses?7.M:Manyofyourcolleaguesdescribeyouassoft-s

poken,areyou?W:Well.I'mnotbossy.Theyseemtoregardmeasreliable.Q:Howisthewomaninhercolleagues'eyes?8.W:Johnfirstworkedasabusinessma

n,andthenateacher.Tenyearslater,hequithisjobandstartedtowritenovels.M:AndhehasbeendoingnothingelseeversinceQ:WhatisJohnno

w?9.W:Ifwehurry,wecantaketheexpresstrainratherthanthelocaltrainandsaveanhour.M:Great!Theexpresstraintakesonlytwohour

stogetShanghai.Q:HowlongdoesittakethelocaltraintogettoShanghai?10.W:Iheardyoudidsomehikinglastweekend.M:Yes,Ireallyworemyselfout,soIstop

pedhalfwayQ:Whydidthemangiveupthehikingtriphalfway?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelo

ngerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandconversationwil

lbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleansweronyourpaperanddecidewhichon

eisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Researchersfrom

OhioStateUniversityexposedtheirlabmicetoartificiallightatnight.Andtheyfoundthatittookonlyafewweeksforthemicetodevelopsigns

ofdepression,suchasbeinglessactive,havinglessinterestintheirfavoritefoodsandmoreanxietywhenplacedinwater.Thebrainsofthemicealsoshow

edsimilarchangestowhatoccursindepressedpeople.Artificiallightatnightliketelevisions,computerscreensandnightlightshasbeenlinkedtoothernegat

ivehealtheffects.Nighttimelightingcandisturbthebody'sclockandincreasetheriskofoverweightandcertaindiseases.Thegoodnewsisthatthesignsofdepressioni

nthemicewentawayaftertheywentbacktoaregularsleepschedule.Thatiseightfullhoursofdarknessatnight.Thismeansthatbyunpluggingtheelectronicsandclosingthe

windowcurtainsinyourbedroom,youmaybeabletoundosomeoftheharmfuleffectsofyoursmartphonelettingoutlightallnight.11.Whathappenedtothemiceafterth

eywereexposedtoartificiallightatnightforweeks?12.Whichofthefollowingwillmostprobablydisturbyourbody'sclock?13.Whatareyourecommende

dtodoatnightaccordingtotheresearch?Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Here'sthegoodnews:globalpov

ertyhasfallenbyhalfoverthepastdecade.Buthere'sthebadnews:71%percentoftheworld'spopulationremainlowincomeorpoo

r.TheyliveofftendollarsorlessadayaccordingtoanewPewResearchCenterreportthatlookedatchangesinincomefor111countriesbetween2001a

nd2011.UnlikeinAmerica,wherethemiddleclasshasbeenfacingdifficultiesinrecentyears,someresearcherssaythatstrongeconomicgrowth

indevelopingcountrieshashelpedshrinkpovertyandexpandthemiddleclassglobally.Gutthereportfromthecenterdisagrees,sayingtha

taglobalmiddleclassisfarfromreality."True,theglobalmiddleclassnearlydoubledoverthedecadeto13percentin2011,butitstillrepres

entsasmallpartoftheworld'spopulation.",professorRickashcockle,associatedirectoratthecenter,said,"theworldhasmadetremendousprogressinpullingpe

opleoutofpoverty,butmostofthegrowthhasbeenlimited.Peoplearepotentiallyonestepawayfromslippingbackintopoverty."14.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

15.WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothePewResearchCenterreport?16.WhichofthefollowingworriesprofessorRickashcoc

kleatthecenter?Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.M:CharterCable,canIhelpyou?W:Yes,hi,wehaveaneme

rgency.OurTVwentoutinthemiddleofourfavoriteshowAmericanidol.M:Iamsorrytohearthatma'am.CanIhaveyournameandaccountnumbe

rplease?W:Yes,it’sGS(女生的名字）andmyaccountnumberis854452.M:Canyoupleasegivemethelastfourdigitsofyoursocialsecuritynumber.W:Y

es,it's0253.M:Okay,oursystemisshowingthattherearestrongthunderstormsinyourarea.DidyouhearanynoisewhentheTVwentout?W:Yes,weheardaloudnoi

se.M:Oh,yourTVcouldhavebeenstruckbylightning.IstheTVstillon?W:Yeah,it'sonbutthestreamisjustallblank.M:Okay,plea

seturntheTVoffuntiloneofourtechnicianscancomeoutandtakealookatitW:Cansomeonecomerightnowtofixit?M:Idon'tthinksoma'am.Letmecheckourcomputersys

tems.ThenextavailableappointmentisgoingtobenextTuesdaymorning.W;ButtodayisSaturday!M:Iamsorry,that'stheearliestavailabletime.W;Allright,Icanbeher

eTuesdaymorning.Whattime?M;Atechnicianwillbetheresometimebetweeneighta.m.andelevena.m..W:Okay,I'llbehomeduringthattime.M:IsthereanythingelseIcandofo

ryoutoday?W:No,thankyouM;Goodbye.17.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?18.Accordingtotheman,whatcausedthe

woman'semergency?19.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandobeforethetechniciancomes?20.Whenisthetechnicianmostlikelytoarriv

e?﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉分割线﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉答案:1.团聚2.不适合孩子们看3.不会中文4.supermarket5.接受邀请6.full-time学生7.trustworthy8.writer9.3小时1

0.太累了11.没食欲12.晚上亮着灯13.晚上别亮灯14.选贫穷还是问题15.选middleclass那个16.选那个“贫穷还会回来的”17.做个预定18.badweather19.关TV20.选周二早上十点II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA21.do22.l

ess23.hadspent24.nowthat25.how26.in27.Tobe/Being28.Emptied29.tosee30.whereSectionB31-40:DBFKHECAGIIII.ReadingCompr

ehensionSectionA41.B.universal42.A.cultures43.B.behavior44.D.distribute45.C.equally46.C.Culture47.A.pr

oductivity48.D.fairness49.B.thoughts50.D.important51.C.bycontrast52.A.familiar53.D.sharing54.C.balancing55.B.imaginarySectionB56-59:CBBA60

-62:CAD63-66:CCBCSectionC66.B.Ifyouansweredno,you’renotalone.67.D.Yourvaluesandneedsmayalsovaryfromoneappointmentto

thenext.68.A.Weweighbenefitsofmedicationsversusthecomplexityofaddingonemoredrugtohercrowdedpillbox69.F.Ayear

fromnowaftergraduation,we’llrevisittheconversation,ashisgoalsandneedsmaybedifferentIV.SummaryWriting参考答案：Scientiststhinkhumansareborn

withtheabilitytolaugh,butwhydowelaugh?Welaughtofeelclosertooneanother.Laughterhelpsustoberecognizedsowelaughmoreingroupsthanw

henalone.Laughteralsoevolvedfromamorebasicneedtosurviveasitpromotedcooperation,enablinghumanstosurvivebetter.(59w)(bebornwith

=beinborn/accepted=recognized=identified/bebornoutof=evolvefrom=comefrom=originatefrom)Laughterisunconscious,infectiousandbasic.

Itbringsusatrustworthy,comfortableandhonestfeeling,thusbettermaintainingfriendships.Chancesarethatwelaughmorewithothersaround,contribu

tingtopromptingrecognitionandfeelingmoreconnectedwithoneanother.Scientistsassurethatlaughterresultedingreatercooperationbetweeni

ndividualsinancienttimes,asbettercooperationleadstosurvival.(58w)Wewerebornwiththeabilityofhelpingandscientiststhinkthereas

onwhywelaughisthatwefeelconnectedwithothersandwewanttoberecognizedbyothers.Besides,laughterhelpspeopletocooperatetosurvivewith.(40w)内容评分细则5分1.在包含三个要

点的基础上,提及第(2)和第(3)个要点中的主要信息(下划线部分)Welaughtofeelclosertooneanother.Laughterhelpsustoberecognizedsowelaughmoreingroupsthanwhenalone.La

ughteralsoevolvedfromamorebasicneedtosurviveasitpromotedcooperation,enablinghumanstosurvivebetter.2.在包含三个要点的基础上,同时提及“humansarebornwiththeabil

itytolaugh”这一信息及第(2)或第(3)个要点中的主要信息(下划线部分)4分在包含三个要点的基础上,提及第(2)或第(3)个要点中的主要信息(下划线部分)Welaughtofeelclosertooneanother.Laughterhelpsustoberecognizedsowela

ughmoreingroupsthanwhenalone.Laughteralsoevolvedfromamorebasicneedtosurviveasitpromotedcooperation,enablingh

umanstosurvivebetter.3分包含以下三个要点(1)Welaughtofeelclosertooneanother(2)Laughterhelpsustoberecognized.(3)Laughteralsoevolvedfromamorebasican

dsurvive.补充细则：1）语言全部沿用原文，语言分为0；内容分不超过4分2）连续沿用原文5个字以上，语言分扣1分3）laugh/laughter/cooperation/survive/survival允许出现在答案中，不必paraphrase4)在通篇准确流畅的基础上,文笔优美的语言可适

当加分5)62个字以上酌情扣分V.Translation1.Don’tthinktoomuchsugarydrinks/sugaredbeverages,oritiseasyforyoutogainweight.2.Heinsistedthathewasn’tgui

ltyofrobbing/robberyincourt.3.Doyouagreecreativityalwaysoccurswhenyouareinagoodmood?4.Whenitcomestoofficeconflicts,expertssuggestoneshouldrefle

ctmoreonherselforhimself,alwaysputthemselvesinothers’shoes,andcommunicatewithworkmatesintime.VI.GuidedWritingD

earheadmaster,Soappealing(倒装句)isyourplantointroducearobottoourschoolthatIdecidetorespondtoyouraskingforproposals.Frommyperspective,arobotismoresuita

bleforthepositionoflibrarian.Withregardtotherangeofservice,alibrarianneedsnotonlytoclassifydifferentkindsofbooks,pu

tandfindthemintherightorderontherightshelfbutalsokeeparecordofwhatbooksareborrowedandreturned,whilebeingawaiterinaresta

urantinvolvesservingtherightdishestotherighttable,dosomecleaningandcommunicatingwiththediners.Arobotcanaccomplishthreeorfourlibrarians’

workofsortingandlabelingbooksatthesametime,whereasitispalebeforeamanincommunicatingandtacklingtheunexpected(unpredictable)occasions.Intermsofworking

efficiency,arobotmaybemoreefficientindoingtheprogrammed,mechanicalandrepetitivekindofwork.Therefore,itismoreadvisablefortherobottoundertakethedutieso

falibrariangroupingcountlessbooksrepeatedly,thusconsiderablyimprovingtheefficiencyofahumanlibrarian.However,when

itcomestotheworkofawaiter,whoneedn’tworksoheavilyandfastasalibrarianbutdoneedreactflexiblytothediners’requirements,arob

otwon’tmakearemarkabledifferenceandevenmaynotbemorequalifiedthanaman.Inanutshell,itisthemechanicalworkofalibrarianthattherobotismore

competentat.Hopethatmyadvicewillbeofgreathelptoyourdecision.Wanglei