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课时作业(六)Unit2SectionⅢExtendedreading&Project阅读理解AWhenIworkedasaglobalmediacoordinator(协调人)fortheUnitedNationsseveralyea

rsago,Iorganizedbiweeklyconferencecalls,duringwhichIwouldaskmycolleaguesaroundtheworldtoprovideinformationbyparticulardeadlines.Myc

olleaguesalmostalwaysrespondedwithayes.Butalltoooften,thedeadlinescameandwentwithouttherequestedmaterial.Finally,mySouth

Africanbosshadtoexplainwhatwouldneverhaveoccurredtome:Inmanycultures,itisrudetosayno.SosomepeoplewouldsayyestoanythingIasked,regardlessofwhetherthe

yhadanyintentionofdelivering.IfcommunicatinginternallyattheUNwaschallenging,interactingwiththeoutsideworldwasmuchharde

r.Howwouldwereachpeopleinplaceswherenewspapersandtelevisionsarestillnotwidelyavailable?Howcouldwegeneratemediacoveragethere?Communicatingglob

allymayrequirechangingthewayyouinterviewseniorcommunicationprofessionalsin31countriesabouthowtheyhelpclientsmodifyt

heirmessagesandstrategiesforparticularcultures.Ihavefoundthatsomeofthebiggestfactorstoconsiderwhencommunicatin

ginanewcultureinvolveemotion,contextandsocialexpectations.Asanexampleofemotionaldifferences,ifIweretodoamediainterviewintheUSandbeca

mevisiblyangryatareporter'squestion,Iwouldbeseenasunstable.Bycontrast,intheMiddleEast,whenpeoplearetalkingaboutaheatedissue,theytendtodis

playpowerfulfeelings—thosewhostaycoolandcalmwhilediscussingsuchaproblemmaybeviewedasuntrustworthy.Anotherbigculturaldifferencerevo

lvesaroundthelevelof“context”providedinaconversation.AsanAmerican,Iamwhatisknownasalow­contextcommunicator(whocommunicatesinformationinadirectmanner

thatreliesmainlyonwordsratherthancontextualelementssuchastonesandbodylanguage),soifIwantsomethingdone,Isaysofrankly.Inhigh­contextcultures,a

sinAsia,peoplemaydotheopposite.Youhavetopickuponbodylanguage,tones,andothercontextualcuestorealizethatyourcoll

eaguewhojustsaidyestoyouhasactuallycommunicatedthatshedoesnotagreetoyourplan.1．HowdidtheauthorprobablyfeelaboutthosecolleaguesaccordingtoParagraph1?

A．Confusedandupset.B．Ashamedandguilty.C．Satisfiedanddelighted.D．Doubtfulandangry.2．WhatisoftenexpectedintheMiddleEastwhenpeoplediscus

sheatedissues?A．Mildbodylanguage.B．Remarkablecriticism.C．Emotionalresponses.D．Confidentevaluation.3．Whatcanweinferfromthecolleaguemention

edinthelastparagraph?A．ShemaybefromtheUnitedStates.B．Shemayprefertospeakinadirectway.C．Shemaybeahigh­contextcommunicator.D．Shemay

beinfluencedbylow­contextcultures.4．Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Themaincontentoftheauthor'sbook.B．Cult

uraldifferencesofsocialexpectations.C．Differentmeaningsofyesindifferentcultures.D.Importantskillsofcommunicatin

gwithcolleagues.BAnewstudypublishedinJournalofExperimentalPsychologyfoundthatcommunicationinteractionsthati

ncludedvoice,likeaphonecallorvideochat,createdstrongersocialbondsthancommunicationthroughtyping,liketextmess

agingoremail.Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexperimentstogaugeconnectedness.Inone,theyasked200peopleto

makepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanoldfriendbyemailorbyphoneandthenassignedpeopleatrandomtodooneortheother.Althoughpeopleanticip

atedthataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward,hearingsomeone'svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.However,peoplewhoparticipatedintheexperimentreportedthatthe

ydidformasignificantlystrongerbondwiththeiroldfriendonthephoneversusemail,andtheydidnotfeelmoreawkward.Inanotherexperiment,theresearc

hershadstrangersconnectedbyeithertexting,talkingovervideochat,ortalkingusingonlyaudio.Theyfoundthatbothformsofvoicecommunicat

ion—whethervideooraudioonly—madethestrangersfeelsignificantlymoreconnectedthanwhentheycommunicatedviatext.SabrinaRomanoff,aHarvard­trainedclini

calpsychologistbasedinNewYorkCity,sayspeopletendtotextoremailinsteadofcallingbecauseofconvenience,astheyseeitasacont

rolledformofcommunicationwheretheycan“correspondexactlyinthewaytheyintendwithoutunexpectedadditionsbytheotherperson”．Romanoffsaysthat

inreality,textingcanmakeithardtodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconversation.Aphonecallisactuallymoreconvenientwhenconsider

ingtheneteffectsofthemessage.Eachpartyismorepresent,andtherefore,abletogaugethemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutruminatingontheendlesspossiblemeanin

gsbehindwordsandpunctuation.5．Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?A．Toencouragepeopletolettheirfingersdothetalking.B．Tointroducethee

ffectsofverbalandnon－verbalcommunications.C．Todemonstratethestrengthsandweaknessesofmakingphonecalls.D.Tocompareconnectednessofcommuni

cationthroughvoiceandtyping.6．Whichwaywillmakeyoufeelmoreconnectedifyoumissafriendfaraway?A．Typingaletter.B．Send

inganemail.C．Havingavideochat.D．Textingamessage.7．Whatdoes“acontrolledformofcommunication”refertoinParagraph4?A．Awaytotalkab

outcontrolledtopics.B．Awaytocommunicatewithouttimelimit.C．Awaytoexplainsomethingwithoutdelay.D．Awaytoexpressthought

swithoutbeingdisturbed.8．Whatadvantagedoesmakingphonecallsovertexting?A．Beingmoreformal.B．Beinglessawkward.C．Beingmorestraightfor

ward.D．Beinglessexpensive.CTheunusualwhistledlanguageusedasameansofcommunicationbyvillagersinremoteareasandmountainousnorthernTu

rkeyhasbeenaddedtotheUNESCOListsofIntangibleCulturalHeritage.Thelanguageisahighlydevelopedhigh­pitchsystemofwhistlingtocommunicateinrugged(崎岖的)area

swherepeoplemostlycannotseeeachother.Itcanallowpeopletocommunicateacrossgreatdistances,upto5kilometres.Comparedwithothersimilarwh

istledlanguagesinSpain'sCanaryIslands,inMexico,orinGreekvillages,ithasahighertoneandlargervocabulary.Thi

sunusualformofcommunication,whichdatesbacksome500years,totheOttomanEmpire,wasbornfromsheernecessityandwid

espreadacrosstheBlackSearegions.But50yearsago,itsufferedtheimpactoftheprogressionoftechnologyandnowadaystherapidgrowthofcellu

lar(蜂窝式的)mobilesystemshasputthisculturalheritageunderseriousthreat.Forcenturies,thelanguagehasbeenpassedo

nfromgrandparentstoparents,fromparentstochildren.Now,though,manyofitsmostskilfulspeakerswhousetheirtongue,teeth

andfingersareagingandbecomingphysicallyweak.Youngpeoplearenolongerinterestedinlearningthelanguageorfindingwaystoupdateitsvocabularywithne

wwords,andinafewgenerationsitmaybegoneforgood.“Ourbirdlanguageisveryconvenientandefficienttocommunicateacrossthevalleys.Ithasmanybenefitsove

ryelling,whichisbadforourthroats，”saidAvniKocek,headofthe“birdvillage”.Kocekadded,“Despitesetbacksbecauseoft

echnology,thebirdlanguageisstillusedbymanyofus.Whistledlanguageistransmittedfromourelderstousandwehavethedutytotransmitittoourchildren

.WearemakingeffortstokeepourculturealivethroughtheannualBirdLanguageFestival.”Besides,thebirdlanguagehasbeenrequiredtobetaug

htatprimaryschoolssince2014bydistrictauthoritiesinordertoinstil(逐步培养)thepracticeinyoungergenerations.9．Whatisthebirdlanguage'sadvantage

overothersimilarwhistledlanguages?A．Itisusedasameansofcommunication.B．Itisolderandhasalargernumberofusers.C.Itca

nsendmoremessagestofartherplaces.D.Itisacompletelydifferentsystemofwhistling.10．What'sthebiggestthreattothebirdlanguage?A.Otherwhistledlanguagesaremo

reeffectivelyprotected.B.Theneedtouseitineverydaylifeisdisappearing.C．Manyofitsmostskilfulspeakersaregrowingold.D．Youngpeoplefindittoo

difficulttolearnwellenough.11．What'sthemosteffectivemeasuresofartakentoprotectthebirdlanguage?A．Ithasbecomea

subjectatprimaryschools.B．BirdLanguageFestivaliscelebratedeverymonth.C．Cellularmobilesystemsarenotallowedinthearea.D．Allparentsarerequi

redtotransmitittotheirchildren.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．PreservingtheEndangere

dBirdLanguageB.TheStoryofaBirdLanguageSpeakerC．CelebratingtheBirdLanguageFestivalD．TheDisappearanceoftheBirdLanguage