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2023届高三英语地市级新题快递-一模考试专辑专题03阅读理解说明文解析版【2023广东深圳一模】Whenputtotests,beeshavelongprovedthatthey’vegotalotmoretoofferthanpolli

nating(授粉),makinghoneyandbeingloyaltoaqueen.Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseemdifficult,andnowsomescientist

sfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.ScientistsfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonperformedanexperiment,inwhichtheysetupacontainerthatallowedbee

stotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithsomesmallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescien

tistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,despitenoapparentincentive(刺激)todoso.”Earlierstudieshav

eshownthattheblackandyellowbugsarewillingtolearnnewtricksinexchangeforfoodorotherrewards.Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesur

ethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironmentwasstress-free.Thefindingsuggeststhatlikehumans,insectsal

sointeractwithobjectsasaformofplay.Alsosimilartopeople,youngerbeesseemtobemoreplayfulthanadultbees.“Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthat

insectmindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanweimagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmamma

ls(哺乳动物)andbirds,”saidLarsChittka,aprofessorofsensoryandbehavioralecologyatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,wholedthestudy.Thestudy’sfirstauthor,Sa

madiGalpay,whoisaPhDstudentatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,statesthatitismoreevidentthatbeesmaybecapableofexp

eriencingfeelings.“Theymayactuallyexperiencesomekindofpositiveemotionalstates,evenifbasic,likeotherlargeranimalsdo.Thisfindinghaseff

ectsonourunderstandingofthesenseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently,encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarthevermor

e,”shesays.8.Whatisthenewfindingaboutbees?A.Theyarefondofhavingfun.B.Theyarefaithfultothequeen.C.Theyareadaptabletochanges.D.Theyareskilledatrol

lingballs.9.Howdidscientistsremoveexternalinfluencesintheexperiment?A.Byteachingbeesnewtricks.B.Byrewardingbeeswithfood.C.Bymakingbeesfeelatho

me.D.Bybuildingnewhomesforbees.10.WhatareLarsChittka’swordsmainlyabout?A.Theformsofbees’interaction.B.Thecompl

exityofbees’minds.C.Theexamplesofmammals’play.D.Thepurposeofmammals’enjoyment.11.WhatdoesSamadiGalpaysayaboutth

estudyresult?A.Itbacksuppriorunderstandingofinsects.B.Itrevealsreasonsforbees’positivefeelings.C.Itdrivesresearchonanimals’emotionals

tate.D.ItcontributestowildlifeconservationonEarth.【2023广东梅州一模】Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaringwithchildi

shgesturesthatheheldhimincontempt(茂视）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthisqualityofanimalandexpressedregretinfineform,buthecontinueds

tealthilytofollowthechild.Whenthechildreachedhisdoor-step,thedogwasafewyardsbehind,movingslowlytowardhim.Hebecamesoanxiouswi

thshamewhenhoagainfacedthechildthatheforgotthedraggingrope.Hetripped(绊倒）uponitandfellforward.Thechildsatdownonthestepandthetwohadanotherinterview.Du

ringitthedoggreatlyexertedhimselftopleasethechild.Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon(尽情地）thatthechildsuddenlysawhimtobeavaluablething.

Hemadeaswift,greedycharge(猛冲）andseizedtherope.Hedraggedhiscaptive(俘虏）intoahallandupmanylongstairwaysinadar

kbuilding.Thedogmadewillingefforts,buthecouldnotwalkveryskillfullyupthestairsbecausehewasverysmallandsoft,a

ndatlastthepaceofthechildgrewsoenergeticthatthedogbecamepanic-stricken.Inhismindhewasbeingdraggedtowardsomewhereunknown.Hisayesgrewwildwiththet

errorofit.Hebegantowigglehisheadwildlyandtobracehislegs.Thechildredoubledhisefforts.Theyhadabattleonth

estairs.Thechildwasvictoriousbecausehewascompletelyabsorbedinhispurpose,andbecausethedogwasverysmall.Hedraggedhisacquirementtothedoorofhisho

me,andfinallywithvictoryacrossthedoorway.Nofamilymemberwasin.Thechildsatdownonthefloorandmadeoverturesto(向....示好）thedog.

Thesethedoginstantlyaccepted.Hesmiledwithaffectionuponhisnewfriend.Inashorttimetheywerefirmandabiding(矢志不渝的）comrades.8.Whatmighthavehappenedbefo

rethefirstparagraph?A.Thechildhadwantedtoownthedogforalongtime.B.Thedoghadbeensomeoneelse'spetbutlosthisway.C.Thechildhadbeenlookingforthelos

tdogforalongtime.D.Thedoghadbeendrivenoutofhomebythechild'sfamily.9.Whatdirectlymadetheboychangehismind?A.Thedog'sapology.B.Hisfirstint

erviewwiththedog.C.Hispityonthedog.D.Thedog'spleasingperformance.10.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4and5?A.Theb

oywasnaughty.B.Thedogwasfoolish.C.Theboywasadevotedfriend.D.Thedogwasafaithfulfriend.11.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethechangeof

thedog'sfeeling?A.Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy.B.Worried-angry-scared-delighted.C.Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased.D.Angry-regretted-scared-pu

zzled.D【2023广东梅州一模】Whilemostofusareneverwithoutoursmartphonesrobotsmayalsosoonbecomeessentialcompanion

s.ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduring

treatments,suchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.Onbeingsubj

ectedtoamoderateheatstimulus(刺激),thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobotexperiencedlesspainthaninthetestsinwhichtheyd

idnotweartherobot.DuringthecampaigntoencouragevaccinationagainstCOVID-19,publichealthofficialsrecognizedt

hatsomepeoplearesimplyafraidofneedles,whichcontributedtoreducedvaccinationrates.Whiletheproblemsofpatientanxietyandpaindur

ingmedicalprocedureshavebeenwellstudiedthereremainsaneedtotestandimplementsolutionstohelppatients.Thesoftfur-covered

robotthescientistscalledReliebowasdesignedtobeattachedtotheparticipant’shand.Theresearcherstesteditseffectivenessundervariousconditionsbasedonth

eclenchingoftheparticipant’shand,whileapplyingthepainfulthermalstimulustotheotherarmthatwasnotbeingusedtoholdtherobot.Theresearchersfoundthathold

ingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperienceforpatientsregardlessoftheexperimentalconditionsused,andconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-beingthatcanbe

createdbyhumantouchmayhavealsobeenactivatedbytherobot.“Itiswellknownthatinterpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfear,andwebelievethatthiseffectcan

beachievedevenwithnonlivingsoftrobots,”statesProfessorTanaka.Thismaybeusefulwhenactualhumancontactisnotfeasible,suchasduringpandemi

cs.FutureversionsoftherobotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR(augmentedreality)technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththepatientordistr

actthemfrompainperceptioninvarioussituations.12.Whatisthepurposeoftherobot?A.Toassistdoctorsininjectingac

curately.B.Tohelprelievepeople’spainfrominjections.C.Toevaluatepatients’physicalandmentalhealth.D.Toassesstheeffectsofget

tingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-19.13.Howdoestheroboteasethepainandanxietyofthepatients?A.Therobotisdesignedtobeattachedtothepatients’hand.B.The

robot’ssoftfurgivesthepatientsafeelingsofwell-being.C.Therobot’s“interpersonaltouch”createsafeelingsofwell-being.D.Theroboti

nstructstheresearcherstorelievetheexperienceforpatients.14.Whatwillresearchersprobablydonext?A.Developotherdevicesformedi

caltreatment.B.Carryoutmoreandmoretestsontherobot.C.Evaluatethepossibleriskofusingtherobot.D.Promotetheapplic

ationoftherobotworldwide15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoReducePeople’sFearofInj

ections.B.AdvancedTechnologyHelpstoCurePatientsC.BeingAfraidofNeedlesReducedVaccinationRatesD.WearableSoftRobotHelpsPeopleScareofinjections.【2

023山东菏泽一模】You’veorderedanewpairofshoesonline.Theyarrive;yourushtothefrontdoorandcarrytheboxasyouopenit.Youuntiethelaces,guidethemtowardyourfeeta

ndtheydon’tfit.So,backintheboxtheygoandanhourlateryoudropthematthelocalcollectionsstore.It’sdisappoin

ting.Theshoeshaveneverbeenwornandthey’llbemakingtheirwaytoanewhomesoon.Right?Wrong.Whatdoeshappentoourg

oodswhenweorderonlineandthenreturnthem?Therealityisthatmuchofitsimplyendsupinlandfill(垃圾场).Eachyear,5billionpoun

dsofwasteisgeneratedthroughreturnsintheworld.IntheUSalone,customersreturnapproximately3.5billionproducts,ofwhichonly20%areactuallyfaultyaccordingto

Optoro,acompanywhichspecializesintacklingthereturns.Itturnsoutthatreturnscreatearealheadacheforcompanie

s.Manycompaniessimplydon’thavethetechnologytohandlethesefaultsinreturnedgoods,soitisoftenmostprofitableforthemtosellthemcheaplytodiscountersviaaw

ebofshipping,drivingandflyingthemaroundtheglobe,ortosimplytruckthemtothedump.Optoro’ssoftwarehelpsretailers(零售商)

andmanufacturersresellunsoldgoodsmoreeasily.Theyofferanumberofoptionsforretailers,includingawebsitetoresellthe

irgoods,calledBlinq,aswellashelpingwithre-routinggoodstodonation,storeshelves,AmazonoreBay.Theyestimatetheirworkh

elpsreducelandfillwasteby70%.AnnStarodaj,SeniorDirectorofSustainabilityatOptoro,saysthatwhileconsumerhabitsmightstillbeharmful,creatingaprof

itableandenvironmentallyfriendlyfashionmodelfromstarttofinishisthewayforward.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearegoingtostopbuyingstuff,butcr

eatingabusinessmodelwhereyou’remakingiteasierforthemtomakesustainablechoicesisveryimportant.”8.WhatarethestatisticsinParagraph3about

?A.Wastedisposal.B.Goodsdelivery.C.ClothingFashion.D.Wastereturns.9.Whydoreturnsbecomearealheadacheforcompanies?A.Verylittleprofitcanbemade.B.Related

technologyisnotavailable.C.Goodsaredamagedonpurpose.D.Noplacescanbefoundtoburythem.10.Whatisparagraph5ma

inlyabout?A.Adifficulttask.B.Amarketingplan.C.Apracticalsolution.D.Aproducingprocess.11.WhatdoesAnnStarodaj

wanttoconvey?A.Returnsareeasytodealwith.B.Peopleshouldstopbuyinggoodsonline.C.Consumerhabitsbringabout

harmfulresults.D.Itisvitaltocreateasustainablebusinessmodel.D【2023山东菏泽一模】Oneperson’shappinesscausesachainreactionthatbenefits

notonlytheirfriends,buttheirfriends’friends,andtheirfriends’friends’friends.Theeffectlastsforuptooneyear.Theopposite,interestingl

y,isnotthecase:Sadnessdoesnotspreadthroughsocialnetworksasstronglyashappiness.Happinessappearstoloveco

mpanymoresothanmisery.Focusingon4,739individuals,ChristakisandFowler,whoco-authoredthisstudy,observedmorethan50

,000socialandfamilytiesandanalyzedthespreadofhappinessthroughoutthisgroup.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenanindividualbecomesha

ppy,afriendlivingwithinamileexperiencesa25percentincreasedchanceofbecominghappy.Aco-residentspouse(配偶)experiencesan8percentincreased

chance,siblings(兄弟姐妹)livingwithinonemilehavea14percentincreasedchance,andfornext-doorneighbors,34percent.Buttherealsurpri

secamewithindirectrelationships.Again,whileanindividualbecominghappyincreaseshisfriend’schances,afriendofthatfriendexperiencesanear

ly10percentchanceofincreasedhappiness,andafriendofthatfriendhasa5.6percentincreasedchance.Theresearchersalsofoundthat,contrarytowhat

yourparentstaughtyou,popularitydoesleadtohappiness.Peopleinthecenteroftheirnetworkgroupsarethemostlikelypeopletobecomehappy,andthentherearechance

sthatincreasetotheextentthatthepeoplesurroundingthemalsohavelotsoffriends.However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthenetworkfringe(外围)

tothecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.“Imagineabird’seyeviewofabackyardparty,”Fowlerexplains.“You

’llseepeopleingroupsatthecenter,andothersonthefringe.Thehappiestpeopletendtobetheonesinthecenter.Butsomeoneonthefringewho

suddenlybecomeshappy,saythroughaparticularexchange,doesn’tsuddenlymoveintothecenterofthegroup.Hesimplystayswhereheis—onlynowhehasafarmoresatisfy

ingsenseofwell-being.”Nexttime,ifyou’rehappyandyouknowit,thankyourfriends—andtheirfriends.Andwhileyou’reatit,theirfriends’friends.Butifyou’resa

d,holdtheblame.12.Whowillbemorelikelytobecomehappyasamanishappyaccordingtotheresearch?A.Hiswife.B.Hisnext-doorneighbors.C.Hisbrothersandsisters.

D.Afriendofhisfriend.13.WhydoesFowlermentionabackyardpartyinParagraph4?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Todescribeafact.D.

Tomakeaprediction.14.Whatdoestheresearchaimtotellus?A.Happinesschangessocialstructures.B.Asocialnetworkisadouble-edgeds

word.C.Happinessgoeshandinhandwithsadness.D.Happinessspreadsthroughsocialnetworks.15.Whatdoweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Friends’friendsmaybring

youhappiness.B.Yourfriendsaretoblameforyoursadness.C.Yourfriendsdecidewhetheryouarehappy.D.Thehappiestfriendsatpartyareonthef

ringe.【2023广东茂名一模】Willskippingbreakfastmakemefat?Thegoodnewsforthosewhodon’thavebreakfastisthatputtingonweightisn’tinevitable—aslongasyoucontrolthos

ehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.Researchshowsthatalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyouhungrierandyoumightmakeupforthatwithabiggerlunc

h,thiswon’tnecessarilymakeyou“fatter”—onaverage,thosewhoskipbreakfastdon’teatmoreacrossthewholedaythanift

heydidn’tskipit.Someresearchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercaloriesoverall,andendupusingyourbody’sfatreservesforenergy,whichcanactuallyhelpy

ouloseweight.However,weightisn’ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersarelikelytoexer

ciseless.Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergylevels-aftereighthoursorsowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedupmo

stofitsstoresofeasy-to-accessenergyduringsleep.Morningfastersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,butappetite-suppressinghabits,suchassmokingo

rdrinkingalotofcoffee.Ifyouwanttoensurethatyoueataregular,nutritiousbreakfast,trypreparingitthenightbeforedon’tleaveituntilthemorning,wh

enyourbrainstrugglestomakegooddecisions.Ifyoudoskipbreakfast...■Don’tmakeupforitwithahugelunch,otherwiseyou’llsufferove

reating.■Makesureyoueatsomethingbeforeyouexercise,oryourisk“hittingthewall”.■Don’tmakeupforlackofenergywithcoffee-itcanmakeyouloseyourappetiteandm

akeyouanxiousandnervous.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inevitable”meaninParagraph2?A.Unbelievable.B.Unavoidable.C.Uncomfortable.D.Unbearable.9.Whydo

somebreakfast-skippersloseweight?A.Theydomoreexercise.B.Theystayactiveallday.C.Theyreservetheirbodyfat.D.Theytakein

fewercalories.10.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Aimsofthestudies.B.Waysoflosingweight.C.Effectsofskippingbreakfast.D.Suggestionsforbre

akfast-skippers.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsskippingbreakfast?A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Negative.

D.Doubtful.【2023广东茂名一模】Thewires,screensandbatteriesthatmakeupourdevices-nottomentiontheplastic,metalandothermaterialsthatpackagethem-are

fillinguplandfills.Somee-wasteisrelativelylarge:oldphonesandairconditioners,forinstance.Othere-wasteismorehidden,suchaselectronicsingle-usemedicald

iagnostickits,environmentalsensors,andsmartlabelsthatcontainone-offbatteriesandotherequipment.“It’sthesesmallba

tteriesthatarebigproblems,”sayspublichealthscientistDeleOgunseitan,whowasnotinvolvedindevelopingthebattery.”Nobodyreallypaysattentiontowheretheyen

dup.ResearchersattheCellulose&WoodMaterialsLaboratoryattheSwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsScienceandTechn

ology(Empa)areworkingtoaddressthisproblem.TheirnewpaperinScientificReportsdescribesapaperbatterydevelopedfromenvir

onmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallypresentasustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriescomm

oninlow-powerdevices.Thepaperbatteryhasthesamekeycomponentsasstandardbatteriesbutpackagesthemdifferently.Likeatypicalchemic

albattery,ithas-apositivelychargedsidecalledacathode(正极),anegativelychargedsidecalledananode(负极),andaconductivematerialcalledanelectrolyte(

电解质)betweenthetwo.Atraditionalbattery’scomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodea

reinksprintedontothefrontandbackofapieceofpaper.Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves(溶解)whenthepaperisdampenedwithwater.T

heresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte.Whenthepaperisdry,thebatteryisshelf-stable.Addjustacoupleofdropsofwater,however,andthe

saltdissolves,allowingelectronstoflow.Oncethepaperisdampened,thebatterybecomesactivewithin20seconds.Thenewbattery’soperatingperformance

declinesasthepaperdries.Whenthescientistsrewetthepaperduringtesting,thebatteryregainedfunctionalityandlastedanhourbeforebeginningtodry

outagain.12.WhatcanweinferaboutsmalldisposalbatteriesaccordingtoDeleOgunseitan?A.Theyarenobigproblems.B.Theyneedtobea

ddressed.C.Theyshouldbemadelarger.D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.13.What’sspecialaboutthenewbattery?A.

Ithasacathodeandananode.B.Ithasdifferentkeycomponents.C.Itscathodeandanodeareprintedonpaper.D.Itscomponentsarepackagedinplasticand

metal.14.Whatisusedtomakethenewbatterystarttooperate?A.Salt.B.Metal.C.Ink.D.Water.15.Inwhichsectioncanwefindthetext?A.Adva

nces.B.Reviews.C.Culture.D.Opinion.【2023安徽淮北一模】Abatterymadeofpaperstandsoutamongthe200bestinventionsoftheyear

inTIMEMagazine.“Itsoundsimpossible:Justaddwatertoapieceofpaperandgetenergy,”saidTIMEMagazine,whochosetheSwiss-madeba

tteryasoneofthewinnersinthisyear’s“Experimental”inventions.ThebatterywascreatedbyresearchersattheSwissFederalLaborator

yforMaterialsTestingandResearch.“Overthelastdecades,wehavewitnessedanincreasinguseofelectronicdevices,leadingin

turntoelectronicwaste(e-waste)becomingtheworld’sfastestgrowingwastestream.”wrotetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.Theydevelopedthepaperbatterya

imingtoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofsingle-useelectronicsbyturningtomoreenvironmentallyfriendlymateri

als.Thebatterywasdescribedtobemadefrompaperwithsaltinsideandbasedonprintedinks:twokindsofinkscontainingdifferentmineralsactedasthepositiveen

dandthenegativeend.Analysisoftheperformanceofaone-cellpaperbatteryshowedthataftertwodropsofwaterwereadded,thebatterystart

edworkingwithin20secondsandreachedastablevoltage(电压)of1.2V.Afteronehour,theone-cellbattery’sperformancedroppedsign

ificantlyasthepaperdriedout.Butaftertheresearchersaddedtwoextradropsofwater,itsperformanceincreasedwithastablevoltageof0.5Vforanotherh

our.Withintwotofiveyears,thetechnologycouldbeusedinlow-powerelectronicssuchasmedicaldevicesandsmartpackaging.“Iseeanewroleforpaper...thatcoulda

lsobeananswertothegrowingconcernovere-waste,”saidEMPA’sGustavNyström,theinventor.HetoldTIMEMagazinetheywantedtoimprovetheefficiencyofth

ebatteryinthefutureandgetitworkingforlonger.EachyearTIMEMagazinelistsaselectionofbestinventionsthat“changehowwelive”,basedontheiroriginali

ty,creativity,efficiency,impactandothercriteria.8.Whatdidtheresearchersaimtodobydevelopingapaperbatte

ry?A.Createmoreenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.B.Winthebestexperimentalinventionofthisyear.C.Reducetheimpactofelectr

onicsontheenvironment.D.Makethedevelopmentofelectronicdevicesgrowfaster.9.Howdidtheresearchersincreasetheperformanceofthebattery?

A.Byrewettingthepaper.B.Bydroppingmoreink.C.Byshorteningitsworkinghours.D.Byaddinganotherpaperbattery.10.Whataspectofthebatterydotherese

archersplantopromoteaccordingtoGustavNyström?A.Itscreativity.B.Itspackaging.C.Itstechnology.D.Itsefficiency.11.Whatisthe

textmainlyabout?A.Scientistsinventapaperbattery-justaddwater.B.Paperbatteryisnamedamongworld’sbestinventions.C.

TIMEMagazinelistsaselectionofinventionseachyear.D.Anewroleforpapermayhelpreducetheelectronicwaste.【2023安徽淮北一模】Acollegeprofessoratmyuni

versityyearsagoshockedhisclasswithafrog.Heshowedoffawoodfrogthatwasstillalivebutfrozensolid.Thensuddenly,hethrew

itagainstawallanditbrokeintopieces.Everyonetookaquickdeepbreath.Momentslater,heexplainedthathehadn’tactuallythrownthefrog.Fordramatic

effecthehadswitchedthefrogforalargepieceofice.Butthegoalwastoillustrateapoint:Thatawoodfrogdoesinfactfreezeassolidasicetosurvive

thewinter.Thenitthawsagaininthespring.ThewoodfrogisoneofthemostfrequentlystudiedanimalsonEarththatfreezes.First,it

’sliquid,it’shoppingaround,thenicecomesonitfromtheoutside.Itsskingetsfrozenalittlebit,itseyesglazeover,itsbrainfreez

es,andicepushesbloodtothefrog’sheartbeforeeventuallythat,too,isrocksolid.Thistransitionrequiresmajorchangesinbiochemistry.Ic

eslowlyformsaroundtheoutsideoforgansandcells.Atthesametime,thefrog’sliverpumpsoutincredibleamountsofglucose—asugaryliquidthata

ctslikeantifreezeforvitalorgans—thatflowseverywhereincludingtheinsidesofcellstokeepthemfromdying.Buttruesupercoolinginnature—andespeciallywithhum

anorgans—comeswithrisks,saysShannonTessier,anassistantprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolwhostudieshowsuspendedanimationinnatur

ecantranslatetohumanorgantransplants.Woodfrogsandotheranimalsthatsurviveextremeconditionsinnaturehavemanyapplicationsinmedicine,especiallyinthewo

rldoforgantransplants,Tessiersays.Ahumanheart,forexample,canonlyexistoutsidethebodyforaboutfourhours.“Sowe’r

etryingtousetheprinciplesfromwoodfrogswithhighamountsofglucoseandfreezeawholeheartorotherorgan,keepitinsuspendedanimati

on,safelyawakeit,andtransplantit.”12.Whydidthecollegeprofessortakeafrogtotheclass?A.Toshowoffhisamaz

ingpet.B.Toswitchapieceoficewithit.C.Totellstudentssomefrogfacts.D.Toconductaspecialexperiment.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedwo

rd“thaws”meaninparagraph1?A.Freezesitself.B.Comestolife.C.Becomeswarm.D.Turnsbackintowater.14.Whatprotectsthefrozenfrogfromdying?A.Itsicyce

ll.B.Itsvitalorgan.C.Itswarmblood.D.Itssugaryliquid.15.Whowillprobablybenefitfromthefrog’sprinciplesaccordingtoShannonTe

ssier?A.Theonewhohastotakeahearttransplantoperation.B.TheonewhoisapplyingfortheHarvardMedicalSchool.C.Theonewhoworksonthedevelopmentofanewmedicine.D.

Theonewhoplanstoexperienceextremeconditionsinnature.【2023广东佛山一模】It’snosecretnowthatthemoretimewespendonsocialmedia,them

orewefeeldissatisfiedwithourselves.Wetendtocompareourselvestoinfluencesandcelebrities-soit’seasytounderstandhowthatcanaffectourconfid

ence.But,howoftenhaveyoufoundyourselfcomparingyourlifetoyourfriends?Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlooking

atcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.Thestudylookingathowsocialmediaaffectsbodyimagefound

thatanysocialmediaengagementwassignificantlyassociatedwithlower“appearancesatisfaction”.Additionally,itfoundthatengagingwithcontentp

ostedbypeopletheparticipantsknewwasmorethantwiceasdamagingaslookingatcontentpostedbystrangers,includingcelebrities.VirenSwami,ProfessorofSo

cialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcel

ebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.“Onepossibleexplanationisthat

peoplemayperceiveapostshowingappearanceasbeingmuchmoreattainableifitcomesfromsomeonetheyknow,addingexpectationorpress

ureonthepersonengaginginthepost,”hesaid.“Atthesametime,peoplemaybemorecriticallyengagedwithpostsbythelikesofmodelsand

celebrities,andthereforeperceivetheimagestheysharetobemoreunrealistic."Thisisnotjustconfinedtobodyima

gethough.Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(触发)us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,

envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.Maybe...Allthisistosaytheobvious:weonlyseepartofpeople’slives-andifit’sgettingyoudown,you’

reprobablycomparingyourinsidestootherpeople’soutsides.Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffl

ine,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.8.Whatdidthenewstudyfind?A.Socialmediainvitesunfavorablecomments.B.Friends’postsaffectusmorethancelebritie

s’.C.Celebritieshaveanegativeinfluenceonourlife.D.Bodyimagecausesmoreconcernthansociallife.9.Whyarewemorelikelytocomparewithour

friendsaccordingtoSwami?A.Theyserveasrolemodels.B.Weknowthewaytheylive.,C.Theirlifestylesareaccessible.D.Wearecuriousab

outtheirlife.10.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6probablymean?A.Restricted.B.Related.C.Devoted.D.Exposed.11.Whatdoes

theauthorsuggestpeopledo?A.Findyourdreamandfightforit.B.Stopcomparingandbeyourself.C.Begratefulandleadaperfectlife.D.Stopcomplain

ingandgetdowntowork.【2023广东佛山一模】Giventhatthedictionarydefinitionofcuriosityis“thedesiretoknowsomething”,itmaybeoflittlesurprisethatmuchresearchhasco

ncerneditsbenefitsforeducation.ConsiderastudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisin2014.Theresearchersfi

rstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions,suchas“Whatdoestheterm‘dinosaur’actuallymean?”

TheparticipantsthenlayinanfMRIbrainscanner(扫描仪)whilethesamequestionswerepresented,followedshortlyafterbyth

eanswers.Theparticipantswerethentestedontheirrecollectionofthefactsanhourlater.Theeffectsofcuriosityo

nlaterrecallwerestriking.Whentheparticipantswerehighlycuriousaboutafact,theywere30%morelikelytorecallit.Andthisseemedtocorrespondtohe

ightenedactivityinareasofthemidbrainthatreleasedopamine(多巴胺).Dopamineisnormallyassociatedwithreward,butanima

lstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhancetheformationofnewneural(神经的)connections.Itlookedasifthefeelingofcuriositywashelpingpreparethebraintoabsorbthenewan

dimportantinformation,andthisthenresultedinamorestablememory.Interestingly,theresearchersfoundthatthedopaminehit,ari

singfrominitialcuriosity,couldevenenhancethememoryofincidentalinformationthathadnodirectrelevancetotheprimaryquestion.Todemonstrat

ethis,theyhadpresentedrandomfacesalongsidetheanswerstothequestionsand,anhourlater,checkedwhethertheparticipantsstillrecognizedthefaces.Theanalysess

howedthattheparticipantswerefarmorelikelytorememberthefaceifithadaccompaniedaquestionthathadawakened

theircuriosity.Thisadditional,andunexpected,memoryboostcouldbeextremelyusefulwheneverwe’retryingtolearnsomethingnew

andcomplicated.We’reunlikely,afterall,tofindeverysingleelementofourstudiesinteresting.Butifwecandevelopsomecuriosityaboutatleastsomeofthefac

ts,wemayfindthattherestofthematerialalsosticksfarmoreeasily.12.Whichaspectofcuriositydidthestudyfocuson?

A.Itsscientificdefinition.B.Itsuniquecharacteristics.C.Itsinfluencesonmemory.D.Itsbenefitsforbrainhealth.13.What

wasthepurposeofpresentingquestionstotheparticipantsfirst?A.Toassesstheirlearningability.B.Toawakentheirpassionforlearni

ng.C.Tomeasuretheircuriosityaboutthequestions.D.Torefreshtheirmemoryofextinctwildanimals.14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutdopamineaccording

toParagraph3?A.Itblocksmemory.B.Itfacilitateslearning.C.Itpromotesfriendship.D.Itcuresneuraldisorder.15.Whichmessageaboutle

arningdoestheunexpectedfindingdeliver?A.Generateinterestinstudy.B.Locusonessentialinformation.C.Makelearningmaterialsrelated.D.

Attachimportancetomemorization.【2023山西临汾一模】Peoplearelookingtomakemeaningaftertheglobalpandemic.Andonewaythatsomeofusdothisistocr

editcoincidences—theunexpectedconcurrence(同时发生)ofevents—withhelpingtofindjobs,friendsandspouses,makesignificantcareerdecision

sandrelievepains.Scholarsdisagreeonthecauseofcoincidences.Somesaytheyarerandomandduetoprobability.OthersseeGodo

rspiritualforcesatwork.Stillotherssayit’soursubconsciousmakingconnections.Nomatterthecause,peoplewhostudycoincidencessaythatpay

ingattentiontothesemomentsmayhelpus,especiallyintimesofstress.Studiesshowthatnoticingcoincidencesmayhelpboostboththeeffectivenessofpsychotherapy

andmentalwell-being.MichaelSchauch,42,aninvestment-portfoliomanagerinSquamish,BritishColumbia,whoisanavidmount

aineer,losthisbestfriendBrentlastyear.Afewmonthslater,Mr.SchauchclimbedamountainheandBrentoftenscaledtogether.Atthesummit,Mr.Schauchf

oundhundredsofladybugs.WhenheclimbedadifferentmountainontheanniversaryofBrent’sdeath,hesawaladybugashestartedupeachnewsectionoft

herockface.“IknewatoncethatitwasBrent,andthathewasstilltherewithme,asiftosay:‘You’vegotthis,Mike.Keepgoing!’”hesays.

Coincidencescanmaketheworldfeellikeitmakesgoodsense,saysDavidB.Yaden,anassistantprofessorattheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchool.Va

rietiesofspiritualexperiencesshowacorrelation(关联)betweencoincidencesandanincreaseinpositiveemotions，betterpersonalrelationshipsan

dagreatersenseofmeaninginlife.Coincidencesaremorelikelytohappentocertainpeople.“Peoplewhoaretroubledbydistressandsearchingfors

ignsaremorelikelytoexperiencecoincidences,”saysBemardBeitman,apsychiatristandacoincidenceresearcher.Ifyou’dliketoenhanceyoura

bilitytonoticecoincidences,thereareseveralstrategies,saysLisaMiller,aclinicalpsychologist:Beopentothem.Writethemdown.Talkaboutthemwithothers.“Wer

eallyneedthisdeepinnerwisdom.”shesays.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutcoincidencesfromparagraph1?A.Theyhappenasexpected.B.

Theyprovideguidanceorrelief.C.Theyactivatesubconsciousmind.D.Theycontributetoinvisibleforces.9.Whydoestheauthormention

MichaelSchalch’sstory?A.Toclarifythecauseofcoincidences.B.Toofferamethodofcopingwithgrief.C.Toshowthecomfortingeffectofcoincidences.D.Toprese

ntasolidfriendshipbetweentwoclimbers.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Luckypeopletendtobesurprisedbycoincidences.B.Wisdomistothesoulwhat

mentalhealthistothebody.C.Coincidencesmeanmoretoourdailylivesthanthesurface.D.Themorewecultivatecoincidences,themorelikelytheyhappen.1

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Themeaningfulmomentsinlife.B.Thehiddenpowerofcoincidences.C.Thevariousopinionsoncoinc

idences.D.Thestrategiesfornoticingcoincidences.D【2023山西临汾一模】Afteraday’slabor,AndreasFichtnerandhiscolleagueshav

espliced(绞接)togetherthreesegmentsoffibers,creatinga12.5-kilometer-longfiber-optic(光学的)cable.ItwillstayburiedinthesnowtospyontheactivityofGrfmsvo

tn,adangerous,glacier-coveredvolcano.Fichtner,ageophysicistattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,inZurich,isoneo

ftheresearchersusingfiberopticstotakethepulseofourplanet.Muchoftheirworkisdoneinremoteplaces,fromthetopsofvolcanoestothebo

ttomsofseas,wheretraditionalmonitoringistoocostlyordifficult.ThetechniqueusedbyFichtner’steamiscalledd

istributedacousticsensing,orDAS.“It’salmostlikeradarinthefiber,”saysthephysicistGiuseppeMarraoftheUnitedKing

dom’sNationalPhysicalLaboratory,inTeddington.Whileradarusesreflectedradiowavestolocateobjects,DASusesrefle

ctedlighttodetecteventsasvariedasearthquakeactivityandmovingtraffic,andtodeterminewheretheyoccurred.Insidethecablesareopticalfibers.DASinvolves

shootingquickpulsesoflaserlightdownthefiberanddetectingbitsoflightthatscatterbacktothelasersourceduetodisturbancesintheenvironment.

Whentheearth’ssurfacevibratesandshifts,itpullsthecables,soadetectorcanidentifythesesmallchanges.TheNewYorkTi

mespointsoutthatalthoughwirelessandsatellitetechnologyarebooming,goodold-fashionedcablesarestillthemostefficie

ntwaytosendinformationacrossoceans.Repurposingcablescouldgivescientiststheabilitytomonitorhigh-riskzonesthatwerepreviouslyhardtoreach.Theyco

uldhelpdetectearthquakesandtsunamisafewsecondsearlierthantraditionalwarningsystems.Inaddition,fiber-opticcablescouldal

sohelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengesforhumans.Intherecentyears,scientistshavestartedtousethemtomeasureoceanwavesandaccessfault(断层

)information.Itisbelievedthatfiber-opticcableswillservetobenefitusgreatlyinthefuture.12.Whatisthepurpose

oftheworkofFichtner’steam?A.Totrackvolcanicactivities.B.Tostrikeoilunderthesea.C.Tolengthenfiber-opticcables.D.Tokee

pfiberscoveredinthesnow.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetechniqueofDAS?A.Itdetermineswhenandwheredisastersoccurs.B.Itusesradiowavestolocatemovingobjects.C.I

timprovestheefficiencyoftransmittinglight.D.Itdetectstinyvariationoftheearth’ssurface.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“Repurposin

gcables”probablymean?A.Recyclingcablesinnewfields.B.Adaptingcablesforanewfunction.C.Installingcablesbeneathvolcanoes

.D.Promotingcablesintomassiveproduction.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DASIsFeelingtheHeartbeatofVolcanoesB.SatelliteT

echnologyIsBoominginOurTimesC.UndergroundCablesAreTakingthePlanet’sPulseD.Fiber-opticCablesAreGivingUsInsightsintoEart

hquakes【2023安徽合肥一模】Honeybeesunderstandthat“nothing”canbe“something”thathasnumericalmeaning,showingthattheyhaveaprimiti

vegraspoftheconceptofzero,accordingtoanewly-publishedstudyinScience.Previousexperimentshaveshownthathoneybeeshavesomefacilityf

ornumbers,becausetheywereabletocountlandmarks(地标)astheysearchedaroundforasweetreward.Butinthesetests,theinsectscouldn’tcount

veryhigh-onlytoaboutfour.Still,thatmaderesearchersinAustraliaandFrancewanttoexplorewhatelsethebeescoulddowithnumbers.ScarlettHowardatRMITUni

versityinMelbourneattractedbeestoawallwheretheywerepresentedwithtwosquarecards.Eachcardhadadifferentnumberofblacksy

mbols,suchasdotsortriangles.Howardtrainedonegroupofbeestounderstandthatsugarwaterwouldalwaysbelocatedunderthecardwiththeleas

tnumberofsymbols.“Theycouldcomeandseetwocirclesversus(与...相对)threecircles,orfourtrianglesversusonetriangle,”shee

xplains.Thebeesquicklylearnedtoflytothecardwiththefewestsymbols,Butthentheygotanothertest,Theresearcherspresentedthebeeswithacardth

athadasinglesymbolandablankcardthathadnothingonit.Thebeesseemedtounderstandthat“zero”waslessthanone,becausetheyflewtowardtheblankcardmoreof

tenthanyou’dexpectiftheywerechoosingatrandom.“Whenweshowedthemzero-versussix,theydidthatatamuchhigherlevelthanzeroversusone

,”Howardsays.“Sowhattellsusisthattheyconsiderzeroasanactualquantityalongthenumberline.”AuroreAvargues-Weber,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofTo

ulouse,pointsoutevenveryyoungchildrenhavetroubleunderstandingthatzeroisanumber.“It’seasyforthemtocount‘one,two,t

hree,four,’butzero,it’snotsomethingtocount,”sheexplains.What’smore,thebrainsofbeesareincrediblytinybrainscomparedwiththebrainsofhumans

.Evenso,thebeescanunderstandtheabstractconceptofanemptysetandshesaysshefoundthatverysurprising.8.Whatdidtheearlie

rstudiesfindaboutbees?A.Theycouldflyhigherthanexpected.B.Theycouldunderstandsomenumbers.C.Theycouldrememberarewardwell.D.They

couldexplorelocallandmarks.9.WhatdidbeeslearntodoinHoward’sfirsttest?A.Distinguishcirclesfromtriangles.B.Drawvariouss

ymbolsonthecards.C.Identifythesmallerofthetwonumbers.D.Locatesugarwaterwithsymbolshapes.10.Whydidbees

flytotheblankcardmorefrequently?A.Theyweretoldthelocationofthereward.B.Theychosetodoitthoroughlybychance.C.Theypreferredthecardwithnothingon

it.D.Theythoughtofzeroasanactualnumber.11.Whyareyoungchildrenmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toarguethatb

eeshaveasurprisingmemory.B.Toshowthatbees’giftfornumbersisamazing.C.Toexplainthatbeeslearnaswellasyoungchildren.D.Toconfirmthatbeesaresmart

erthanyoungchildren.【2023安徽合肥一模】Transportisundergoingamassivetransformationsoitcanmeetsociety’sdemandsforalow-carboneconomy

.Introducingelectricvehicles(EV)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(转变)andlong-ter

mdecarbonizationoftransport.IntheUS,transportationproducesthelargestshareofallgreenhousegasemissions(排放)intheeconomyat29%,accordingtoth

eEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen,em

issionsofthiskindwouldplummet.However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely.And

whilefuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)thatturnhydrogenintoelectricitycancompetewithEVperformance-andevenout-c

ompetethemonrangeandrefilltime,extraenergyisneededtoproducethehydrogenneededforfuel.Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pi

pelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations.Currently,governmentsworldwidearebackinggreenhydrogenprojectstoreducegreenhousegase

missionsinheavyindustrieslikefreight(货运),steel,andenergystorage.Buthydrogentransportwillneedrapidproductionme

thodstocreatethefuelneededfortheworld’sroadfleet.Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime.Nanoscale(纳米级的)

thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater.Thesametechnologyhasbeensuccessful

lyusedinsolarpowerdeviceswithhigherefficiency-to-costrates.Sincehydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverseandasseawatermakesupabout9

6%ofallwateronEarth,thereisavirtuallylimitlesssupply.Evenwastewaterandsolidwastecancreategreenhydrogen.

ResearchersatPrincetonUniversityareusingsunlighttoseparatehydrogenfromindustrialwastewater.Chemicalplantsthatcurren

tlyfacehighcostsforcleaningwastewatercouldtransformitintocleanhydrogensupplies.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”meaninParagraph2?A.Stop.B.Decreas

e.C.Continue.D.Disappear.13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waysofstoringhydrogensafely.B.Benefitsoffuelcellelectricve

hicles.C.Challengesofusinghydrogenascarfuel.D.Differencesbetweengasolineandhydrogen.14.Whatmakesitmoreefficienttogethydrogenfromtheocean?A.Theappli

cationofsolarpowerdevices.B.Themethodofidentifyingwaterelements.C.Theinvention.ofthewatertransportsystem.D.Theuseofthenanoscalethin-filmtechn

ology.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CleanEnergyHydrogenReadytoTakeOffB.TraditionalFuelsBoundtoReachaDeadEndC.HowWeCanGenerate

EnergyfromHydrogenD.WhattheFutureofTransportationMayBeLike【2023河南郑州一模】Youdon’tneedtobeawhaleexperttoknowthattheselargeanimalsarem

ostathomeinthedepthsoftheworld’smanyoceans.Youmaynotbesurprisedthen,thattherewerenosurvivorswhen477pilotwhaleswerestuckonNewZealand’sremot

eChathamIslandsinOctoberin2022.Itwasoneofthecountry’slargestmassstranding(搁浅)incidents.Althoughinthepast

localauthoritieswereabletoquicklysendteamstotryandrescuethewhales,thatperfectresultwasimpossiblethistime.AccordingtotheNewZealandwhaleprotect

ionnon-profitorganization“ProjectJonah“,thereweremanydifficultiesconcerninganyattemptatsavingthewhales.TheremoteChathamIslandshaveasmallpopulati

on,meaningtrainedmedicalmedics(医护人员)wouldbeunabletogettothesceneintime.Inaddition,therewasariskcausedbypredators(

捕食者)attractedtothebeachwhichendangeredbothrescueteamsandanyothersurvivingwhales.Asaresult,thewhalesthatmanagedtosurviv

eforawhileonshorehadtheirdreamsofreturningtotheoceancutshort.Thedecisionwasfinallymadetoeuthanizealloftheremainin

glivingwhalesonthebeach.Otherwise,itcouldhavetakenweeksforthemtodienaturally.Thoughthemedicalmedicsdidsotoputthemout

oftheirsuffering,DarenGrover,thegeneralmanagerof“ProjectJonah”,describedtheoutcomeas“heartbreaking”,accordingtotheNewYorkPost.Thisincidenttookpla

celessthanamonthafter230whaleswerefoundstrandedontheAustalianislandofTasmania.Fortunately,about30ofthoseanimalswe

rethenabletobesavedintimebylocalauthorities,accordingtoNPR.Thecauseofthesemassstrandingincidentsisnotobviousatthemoment,althoughvario

ustheorieshavebeenraised.DarenGroversaidthattheremaybeanissuewiththeanimals’echolocationability-thesensethatallowsthemtofindtheirwaythr

oughthewater.Ifwhalesarefoundinshallowwaters,rescuersoftenplaybackrecordingsoftheanimals’owncallstopilot

themtothesea.Asmallnumberofwhaleswillalsobemovedtolargefacilitiesforrecovery.12.Whycouldn’tthelocalauthoritiesrescuethewhalesthistime?A.Theywereafr

aidofbeingattackedbywhales.B.Thenumberofthestrandedwhaleswastoolarge.C.Thelocalmedicalmedicslackedre

scueexperience.D.Theislandwasremoteanddangerousforrescueteams.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“euthanize”inparagraph3prob

ablymean?A.Refloat.B.Killwithoutpain.C.Redirect.D.Takegoodcareof.14.WhatdidDarenGroverthinkoftheresultofthismasswhalestrandingincident?A.Sorrowfu

l.B.Astonishing.C.Unbelievable.D.Worrying.15.Whatcanbeknownaboutthemasswhalestrandingfromthepassage?A.About30whal

esweresuccessfullyrescuedthistime.B.Masswhalestrandingincidentsareconsistentnowadays.C.Thereasonforthiswhalestrandingincidentremainsunclear.D

.Thismasswhalestrandingincidentcouldhavebeenavoided.【2023河南安阳一模】Gender(性别)equalityatworkbenefitseveryoneandthewaytogettherefaster

istoempowermenasallies(同盟)inthefight.Thedifferencebetweenwomen’sandmen’searningsisonaverage18centsperdollarearned,andevenmoret

hanthatforwomenofcolor.Afteryearsinwhichwomenhaveformedabouthalfofthecollege-educatedworkforce,thissignifica

ntunchangingpaygapandthelackofrepresentationofwomenintheupperranksofseniormanagementaretroubling.Infact,onlyasur

prisinglytiny7.8percentofCEOsatS&P500companieswerefemaleatthecloseof2020.Whyisittakingsolongtobreakthewell-knownglassceilin

gonceandforall?Atanindividuallevel,menwhoareunwillingtoworkcloselywithwomencanofcoursehaveadamagingeffectonthecareersoftheirf

emalecolleagues.Butmenwhoareindifferentaboutgenderequalityandalsowithoutnecessarilymeaningtopreventwomen’sadvanceme

nt.However,menhaveneverbeenentirelyabsentfromthestruggletoexpandeconomicaccessandprofessionalopportunity

forwomen.In1984theSpeakeroftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesandanothertwoofficials-allmen-spokeoutinfavorofnamingawomantotheDemocratic

Party’spresidentialcandidate,andeventually,theymadeGeraldineFerrarothevicepresident,thefirstwomanevertorunonamajorpartyticket.Ferraro’saccesstoani

mportantleadershiprolewastheproductnotonlyofdecadesofactivismandprotestbywomenbutalsoofpowerfulmen’sendorsementofthosedemands,apracticetha

tcontinuestobeimportanttoday.In2020,DemocraticpresidentialcandidateJosephBidenmadeapromisetoselectawomanashisvice-pres

identialnominee(候选人)andultimatelysharedelectoralvictorywithrunningmateKamalaHarris,thefirstwomanandfirs

tpersonofcolortobeelectedvicepresident.Men’svoicesareimportant.Whenmenspeakupagainstgenderdiscrimination,theynot

onlybecomeobviousasallieswhocanbecountedontosupportindustryorcompanyrulestoadvanceequality,buttheyalsoimproveawarenessandacceptanceofgend

erinequalityasasharedproblem,notaspecialinterest.8.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonwhygenderequalityishardtoachieve.B

.Thereasonwhymenarepowerfulatwork.C.Theresultthatgenderinequalitybringstomen.D.Theresultthatwomen’sadvancementcausestocompan

ies.9.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“endorsement”underlinedinparagraph4?A.Responsibility.B.Support.C.Ignorance.D.Misunderstanding.10.Which

canbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SupportofMenIsontheSidelines.B.GenderEqualityIsWomen’sBusiness..C.GenderInequalityIsaCommonProblem.D.TheSec

rettoAchievingGenderEqualityatWork:Men11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermayyoufindthistext?A.Education.B.Soc

iety.C.Health.D.Entertainment.【2023甘肃张掖一模】Elephantsareoftenseencomfortingupsetindividualelephantswithagentletouchofthei

rtrunksreportedly.It’sonethingtowitnesssomethingthatlookslikecomfortingbehavior,butanotherthingtoprovethatthisiswhatelephantsaredoing.Now,scie

ntistshaveshownthatAsianelephantsdoindeedgetupsetwhentheyseeothersintrouble,andtheyreachouttocomfortthem.Elepha

nts,thus,jointhelistofotheranimals,includingdogs,wolvesandsomebirds,whichhavebeenshowntodoso.Elephants’responsestostressaredif

ficulttoexplorebecauseonehastowaitforopportunitiesforthesearisingnaturallyinthewild.However,JoshuaPlotnik,ascientistatM

ahidolUniversityinThailandgotaroundthisproblem.HecomparedAsianelephants’behaviorsduringtimesofstresstothoseduringperiodswhenlittleup

setsthem.For1to2weekseverymonthfornearlyayear,Plotnikspent30to180minutesdailywatchingandrecordingthebehaviorof26Asian

elephantslivinginElephantNaturalParkinnorthernThailand.Otherresearchershavepreviouslyshownthatwhenupset,anelephantmovesitsearsandraise

sitstail;itmayalsomakealowsoundtoshowitsstress.“Whenelephantsintheparkseeanelephantbehavinginthismanner,theytypicallyr

espondbyfeelingthesameemotion,”Plotniksaid,“justaswedowhenwatchingascarymovietogether.Ifanactorisfrightened,o

urheartsraceandwereachforeachother’shands—areactionknownas‘emotionalcontagion’.”“Butmorestudiesareneeded,pr

eferablyinwildpopulations,”Plotniksaid.“Whatisuncleariswhethertheseresponsesprimarilybenefittheupsetanimals,ortheres-ponders

,”ShermindeSilva,abehavioralecologist,said.However,thestudy“providesaveryinterestingfirstexplorationinto

thebehaviorofelephantssufferingfromstress,”saidGraemeShannon,ascientistatColoradoStateUniversity.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gotaround”inparagraph

2mean?A.Overcame.B.Faced.C.Found.D.Raised.9.WhydidPlotnikmentionthe“watchingascarymovie”situation?A.Toexplainarule

.B.Topresentafact.C.Toclarifyaconcept.D.Tosupportaconclusion.10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Ithassomelimitati

ons.B.Itconfirmsaprediction.C.Itbenefitsfuturestudies.D.Itisthoughtworthless.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthete

xt?A.ElephantscopycomfortingbehaviorB.ElephantsaskforcomfortwhenintroubleC.Elephantsareeasilyinlowspiri

tsD.Elephantsunderstandtheircompanions’feelings