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2023届高三英语地市级新题快递-一模考试专辑专题03阅读理解说明文解析版【2023广东深圳一模】Whenputtotests,beeshavelongprovedthatthey’vegotalotmoretoofferthanpollinating(授粉),maki

nghoneyandbeingloyaltoaqueen.Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseemdifficult,andnow

somescientistsfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.ScientistsfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonperformedanexperiment,inwh

ichtheysetupacontainerthatallowedbeestotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthroughaseparatesectionwithsome

smallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees“wentoutoftheirwaytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,despi

tenoapparentincentive(刺激)todoso.”Earlierstudieshaveshownthattheblackandyellowbugsarewillingtolearnnewtricksinexchangeforfoodorotherre

wards.Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesurethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironme

ntwasstress-free.Thefindingsuggeststhatlikehumans,insectsalsointeractwithobjectsasaformofplay.Alsosimilartopeople,youngerbeesseemtobemo

replayfulthanadultbees.“Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsectmindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanweimagine.T

herearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeofenjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammals(哺乳动物)andbirds,”saidLarsChittka,aprofess

orofsensoryandbehavioralecologyatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,wholedthestudy.Thestudy’sfirstauthor,SamadiGalpay,whoisaPhDstudentatQueenMaryUniversity

ofLondon,statesthatitismoreevidentthatbeesmaybecapableofexperiencingfeelings.“Theymayactuallyexperiencesomekindofpositiveemotionalstat

es,evenifbasic,likeotherlargeranimalsdo.Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingofthesenseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently,encour

agesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarthevermore,”shesays.8.Whatisthenewfindingaboutbees?A.Theyarefondofhavingfun.B.Th

eyarefaithfultothequeen.C.Theyareadaptabletochanges.D.Theyareskilledatrollingballs.9.Howdidscientistsr

emoveexternalinfluencesintheexperiment?A.Byteachingbeesnewtricks.B.Byrewardingbeeswithfood.C.Bymakingbeesf

eelathome.D.Bybuildingnewhomesforbees.10.WhatareLarsChittka’swordsmainlyabout?A.Theformsofbees’interaction.B.Thecomplexityofbees’minds.C.Theexa

mplesofmammals’play.D.Thepurposeofmammals’enjoyment.11.WhatdoesSamadiGalpaysayaboutthestudyresult?A.Itbacksuppriorunderstandingofinsects.B

.Itrevealsreasonsforbees’positivefeelings.C.Itdrivesresearchonanimals’emotionalstate.D.Itcontributestowildlifec

onservationonEarth.【2023广东梅州一模】Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaringwithchildishgesturestha

theheldhimincontempt(茂视）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthisqualityofanimalandexpressedregretinfineform,buth

econtinuedstealthilytofollowthechild.Whenthechildreachedhisdoor-step,thedogwasafewyardsbehind,movingslowlytowardhim.Hebecamesoanxiouswith

shamewhenhoagainfacedthechildthatheforgotthedraggingrope.Hetripped(绊倒）uponitandfellforward.Thechildsatdownonthestepandthetwohadanotherin

terview.Duringitthedoggreatlyexertedhimselftopleasethechild.Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon(尽情地）thatthechildsuddenlysawhimtobeavaluablet

hing.Hemadeaswift,greedycharge(猛冲）andseizedtherope.Hedraggedhiscaptive(俘虏）intoahallandupmanylongstairwaysinadarkbuilding.Thedogmadewillingeffo

rts,buthecouldnotwalkveryskillfullyupthestairsbecausehewasverysmallandsoft,andatlastthepaceofthechildgrewsoenergeticthatthed

ogbecamepanic-stricken.Inhismindhewasbeingdraggedtowardsomewhereunknown.Hisayesgrewwildwiththeterroro

fit.Hebegantowigglehisheadwildlyandtobracehislegs.Thechildredoubledhisefforts.Theyhadabattleonthestairs.Thechildwasvictorio

usbecausehewascompletelyabsorbedinhispurpose,andbecausethedogwasverysmall.Hedraggedhisacquirementtothedoor

ofhishome,andfinallywithvictoryacrossthedoorway.Nofamilymemberwasin.Thechildsatdownonthefloorandmadeoverturesto(向....示好）thedog.Thesethedogins

tantlyaccepted.Hesmiledwithaffectionuponhisnewfriend.Inashorttimetheywerefirmandabiding(矢志不渝的）comrades.8.Whatmighthavehappene

dbeforethefirstparagraph?A.Thechildhadwantedtoownthedogforalongtime.B.Thedoghadbeensomeoneelse'spetbutlosthisway.C.

Thechildhadbeenlookingforthelostdogforalongtime.D.Thedoghadbeendrivenoutofhomebythechild'sfamily.9.Whatdirectlymadetheboychangeh

ismind?A.Thedog'sapology.B.Hisfirstinterviewwiththedog.C.Hispityonthedog.D.Thedog'spleasingperformance.1

0.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4and5?A.Theboywasnaughty.B.Thedogwasfoolish.C.Theboywasadevotedfriend.D.Thedogwasafa

ithfulfriend.11.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethechangeofthedog'sfeeling?A.Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy.B.Wo

rried-angry-scared-delighted.C.Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased.D.Angry-regretted-scared-puzzled.D【2023广东梅州一模】Whilemostofusareneverwithoutours

martphonesrobotsmayalsosoonbecomeessentialcompanions.ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearab

lesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchasinjections(注射)andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpa

inanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.Onbeingsubjectedtoamoderateheatstimulus(刺激),thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobotexperiencedlesspainthaninth

etestsinwhichtheydidnotweartherobot.DuringthecampaigntoencouragevaccinationagainstCOVID-19,publichealthoffi

cialsrecognizedthatsomepeoplearesimplyafraidofneedles,whichcontributedtoreducedvaccinationrates.Whiletheproblemsofpatientanxietyandpa

induringmedicalprocedureshavebeenwellstudiedthereremainsaneedtotestandimplementsolutionstohelppatients.Thesoftfur-coveredrobotthescientistscall

edReliebowasdesignedtobeattachedtotheparticipant’shand.Theresearcherstesteditseffectivenessundervarious

conditionsbasedontheclenchingoftheparticipant’shand,whileapplyingthepainfulthermalstimulustotheotherarmthatwasnotbeingusedtoholdtherobot.Theresear

chersfoundthatholdingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperienceforpatientsregardlessoftheexperimentalconditions

used,andconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-beingthatcanbecreatedbyhumantouchmayhavealsobeenactivatedbytherobot.“It

iswellknownthatinterpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfear,andwebelievethatthiseffectcanbeachievedevenwithnonl

ivingsoftrobots,”statesProfessorTanaka.Thismaybeusefulwhenactualhumancontactisnotfeasible,suchasduringpandemics.Futureve

rsionsoftherobotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR(augmentedreality)technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththepatientordistractthemfrompainpercepti

oninvarioussituations.12.Whatisthepurposeoftherobot?A.Toassistdoctorsininjectingaccurately.B.Tohelprelievepeople’spainfrominjections.C.Toe

valuatepatients’physicalandmentalhealth.D.ToassesstheeffectsofgettingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-19.13.Howdoestheroboteasethepainandanxietyofthe

patients?A.Therobotisdesignedtobeattachedtothepatients’hand.B.Therobot’ssoftfurgivesthepatientsafeelingsofwell-being.C.Therobot’s

“interpersonaltouch”createsafeelingsofwell-being.D.Therobotinstructstheresearcherstorelievetheexperienceforpatie

nts.14.Whatwillresearchersprobablydonext?A.Developotherdevicesformedicaltreatment.B.Carryoutmoreandmoretestsontherobot.C.Evaluatethepossibleriskof

usingtherobot.D.Promotetheapplicationoftherobotworldwide15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage

?A.HowtoReducePeople’sFearofInjections.B.AdvancedTechnologyHelpstoCurePatientsC.BeingAfraidofNeedlesReducedVaccinationRatesD.WearableSoftRobotHe

lpsPeopleScareofinjections.【2023山东菏泽一模】You’veorderedanewpairofshoesonline.Theyarrive;yourushtothefrontdoorandcarrytheboxasyouopenit.Youuntiethelac

es,guidethemtowardyourfeetandtheydon’tfit.So,backintheboxtheygoandanhourlateryoudropthematthelocalcollectionsstore.It’sdisapp

ointing.Theshoeshaveneverbeenwornandthey’llbemakingtheirwaytoanewhomesoon.Right?Wrong.Whatdoeshappentoourgoodswhenweorderonlineandthenreturnt

hem?Therealityisthatmuchofitsimplyendsupinlandfill(垃圾场).Eachyear,5billionpoundsofwasteisgeneratedthroughreturnsintheworld.In

theUSalone,customersreturnapproximately3.5billionproducts,ofwhichonly20%areactuallyfaultyaccordingtoOptoro,acompanywhichspecializ

esintacklingthereturns.Itturnsoutthatreturnscreatearealheadacheforcompanies.Manycompaniessimplydon’thavet

hetechnologytohandlethesefaultsinreturnedgoods,soitisoftenmostprofitableforthemtosellthemcheaplytodiscountersviaawebofs

hipping,drivingandflyingthemaroundtheglobe,ortosimplytruckthemtothedump.Optoro’ssoftwarehelpsretailers(零售商)andmanufacturersresellunsol

dgoodsmoreeasily.Theyofferanumberofoptionsforretailers,includingawebsitetoreselltheirgoods,calledBli

nq,aswellashelpingwithre-routinggoodstodonation,storeshelves,AmazonoreBay.Theyestimatetheirworkhelpsreducelandfil

lwasteby70%.AnnStarodaj,SeniorDirectorofSustainabilityatOptoro,saysthatwhileconsumerhabitsmightstillbe

harmful,creatingaprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendlyfashionmodelfromstarttofinishisthewayforward.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearegoingtostopbuyingst

uff,butcreatingabusinessmodelwhereyou’remakingiteasierforthemtomakesustainablechoicesisveryimportant.”8.WhatarethestatisticsinParagraph3about?A.Wa

stedisposal.B.Goodsdelivery.C.ClothingFashion.D.Wastereturns.9.Whydoreturnsbecomearealheadacheforcompanies?A.Verylittleprofitcanbemade

.B.Relatedtechnologyisnotavailable.C.Goodsaredamagedonpurpose.D.Noplacescanbefoundtoburythem.10.Whatisparag

raph5mainlyabout?A.Adifficulttask.B.Amarketingplan.C.Apracticalsolution.D.Aproducingprocess.11.WhatdoesAnnStarodajwanttoconvey?A.Returnsaree

asytodealwith.B.Peopleshouldstopbuyinggoodsonline.C.Consumerhabitsbringaboutharmfulresults.D.Itisvitaltocreateasus

tainablebusinessmodel.D【2023山东菏泽一模】Oneperson’shappinesscausesachainreactionthatbenefitsnotonlytheirfriends,buttheirfriends’friends,andthei

rfriends’friends’friends.Theeffectlastsforuptooneyear.Theopposite,interestingly,isnotthecase:Sadnessdoesnotspreadth

roughsocialnetworksasstronglyashappiness.Happinessappearstolovecompanymoresothanmisery.Focusingon4,739individuals,ChristakisandFowler,whoco-auth

oredthisstudy,observedmorethan50,000socialandfamilytiesandanalyzedthespreadofhappinessthroughoutthisgroup.Theresearchersfoundtha

twhenanindividualbecomeshappy,afriendlivingwithinamileexperiencesa25percentincreasedchanceofbecominghappy.

Aco-residentspouse(配偶)experiencesan8percentincreasedchance,siblings(兄弟姐妹)livingwithinonemilehavea14percentincreasedchance,andfornex

t-doorneighbors,34percent.Buttherealsurprisecamewithindirectrelationships.Again,whileanindividualbecominghappyincreaseshisfriend’schances,af

riendofthatfriendexperiencesanearly10percentchanceofincreasedhappiness,andafriendofthatfriendhasa5.6percentincreased

chance.Theresearchersalsofoundthat,contrarytowhatyourparentstaughtyou,popularitydoesleadtohappiness.Peop

leinthecenteroftheirnetworkgroupsarethemostlikelypeopletobecomehappy,andthentherearechancesthatincreasetotheextentthatthepeoplesurro

undingthemalsohavelotsoffriends.However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthenetworkfringe(外围)tot

hecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.“Imagineabird’seyeviewofabackyard

party,”Fowlerexplains.“You’llseepeopleingroupsatthecenter,andothersonthefringe.Thehappiestpeopletendtobetheonesinthecent

er.Butsomeoneonthefringewhosuddenlybecomeshappy,saythroughaparticularexchange,doesn’tsuddenlymoveintothecenterofthegroup.Hesimplystayswherehei

s—onlynowhehasafarmoresatisfyingsenseofwell-being.”Nexttime,ifyou’rehappyandyouknowit,thankyourfriends—andtheirfriends.Andwhiley

ou’reatit,theirfriends’friends.Butifyou’resad,holdtheblame.12.Whowillbemorelikelytobecomehappyasamanishappyaccor

dingtotheresearch?A.Hiswife.B.Hisnext-doorneighbors.C.Hisbrothersandsisters.D.Afriendofhisfriend.13.WhydoesFowl

ermentionabackyardpartyinParagraph4?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Todescribeafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.14.Wh

atdoestheresearchaimtotellus?A.Happinesschangessocialstructures.B.Asocialnetworkisadouble-edgedsword.C.Happin

essgoeshandinhandwithsadness.D.Happinessspreadsthroughsocialnetworks.15.Whatdoweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Friends’friendsmaybringyouhappi

ness.B.Yourfriendsaretoblameforyoursadness.C.Yourfriendsdecidewhetheryouarehappy.D.Thehappiestfriendsatpartyareonthefringe.【2023广东茂名一模】Willskip

pingbreakfastmakemefat?Thegoodnewsforthosewhodon’thavebreakfastisthatputtingonweightisn’tinevitable—aslongasyoucontrolth

osehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.Researchshowsthatalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyouhungrierandyoumightmakeupforthatwithabiggerlunc

h,thiswon’tnecessarilymakeyou“fatter”—onaverage,thosewhoskipbreakfastdon’teatmoreacrossthewholedaythaniftheydidn’tskipit.Someresearch

ershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercaloriesoverall,andendupusingyourbody’sfatreservesforenergy,whichca

nactuallyhelpyouloseweight.However,weightisn’ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersarelikelytoexercise

less.Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergylevels-aftereighthoursorsowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedupmostofitsstoresofeasy-to-accessenergy

duringsleep.Morningfastersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,butappetite-suppressinghabits,suchassmokingordrinkingalotof

coffee.Ifyouwanttoensurethatyoueataregular,nutritiousbreakfast,trypreparingitthenightbeforedon’tleaveituntilthemorning,whenyourbrainstrugglestomake

gooddecisions.Ifyoudoskipbreakfast...■Don’tmakeupforitwithahugelunch,otherwiseyou’llsufferovereating.■Make

sureyoueatsomethingbeforeyouexercise,oryourisk“hittingthewall”.■Don’tmakeupforlackofenergywithcoffee-itcanmakeyouloseyourappeti

teandmakeyouanxiousandnervous.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inevitable”meaninParagraph2?A.Unbelievable.B.Unavoidable.C.Uncomfortable.D.Unbear

able.9.Whydosomebreakfast-skippersloseweight?A.Theydomoreexercise.B.Theystayactiveallday.C.Theyreservetheirbodyfat.D.Theytakeinfewercalories.10.Wha

tisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Aimsofthestudies.B.Waysoflosingweight.C.Effectsofskippingbreakfast.D.Suggestionsforbreakfast-skippers.11

.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsskippingbreakfast?A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Doubtful.【2023广东茂名一模】Thewires,screensand

batteriesthatmakeupourdevices-nottomentiontheplastic,metalandothermaterialsthatpackagethem-arefillinguplandfills.Somee-wasteisrelativelylarge:ol

dphonesandairconditioners,forinstance.Othere-wasteismorehidden,suchaselectronicsingle-usemedicaldiagnostickits,en

vironmentalsensors,andsmartlabelsthatcontainone-offbatteriesandotherequipment.“It’sthesesmallbatteriesthatarebigproblems,”sayspubliche

althscientistDeleOgunseitan,whowasnotinvolvedindevelopingthebattery.”Nobodyreallypaysattentiontowheretheyendup.ResearchersattheCellulose&WoodMat

erialsLaboratoryattheSwissFederalLaboratoriesforMaterialsScienceandTechnology(Empa)areworkingtoaddressthisp

roblem.TheirnewpaperinScientificReportsdescribesapaperbatterydevelopedfromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials

thatcouldeventuallypresentasustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.Thepap

erbatteryhasthesamekeycomponentsasstandardbatteriesbutpackagesthemdifferently.Likeatypicalchemicalbattery,ithas-apositivelychargedsidecalledacathode

(正极),anegativelychargedsidecalledananode(负极),andaconductivematerialcalledanelectrolyte(电解质)betweenthetwo.Atraditionalbattery’

scomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprintedontothefrontandbackofa

pieceofpaper.Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt,whichdissolves(溶解)whenthepaperisdampenedwithwater.Theresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte.W

henthepaperisdry,thebatteryisshelf-stable.Addjustacoupleofdropsofwater,however,andthesaltdissolves,allowingelectronstoflo

w.Oncethepaperisdampened,thebatterybecomesactivewithin20seconds.Thenewbattery’soperatingperformancedecli

nesasthepaperdries.Whenthescientistsrewetthepaperduringtesting,thebatteryregainedfunctionalityandlastedanhourbeforebegin

ningtodryoutagain.12.WhatcanweinferaboutsmalldisposalbatteriesaccordingtoDeleOgunseitan?A.Theyarenobigproblems.B.Theyneedtobeaddressed.C.T

heyshouldbemadelarger.D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.13.What’sspecialaboutthenewbattery?A.Ithasacathodeandananode.B.Ith

asdifferentkeycomponents.C.Itscathodeandanodeareprintedonpaper.D.Itscomponentsarepackagedinplasticandmetal.14.Wha

tisusedtomakethenewbatterystarttooperate?A.Salt.B.Metal.C.Ink.D.Water.15.Inwhichsectioncanwefindthetext

?A.Advances.B.Reviews.C.Culture.D.Opinion.【2023安徽淮北一模】Abatterymadeofpaperstandsoutamongthe200bestinventionsoftheyearinTIMEMagazine.“Itsoundsi

mpossible:Justaddwatertoapieceofpaperandgetenergy,”saidTIMEMagazine,whochosetheSwiss-madebatteryasoneofthewinnersin

thisyear’s“Experimental”inventions.ThebatterywascreatedbyresearchersattheSwissFederalLaboratoryforMaterialsTestingandResearch.“Overthelastdecades

,wehavewitnessedanincreasinguseofelectronicdevices,leadinginturntoelectronicwaste(e-waste)becomingtheworld’sfastest

growingwastestream.”wrotetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.Theydevelopedthepaperbatteryaimingtoreduc

etheenvironmentalimpactofsingle-useelectronicsbyturningtomoreenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.Thebatterywasdescribedtobemadefrompaperwith

saltinsideandbasedonprintedinks:twokindsofinkscontainingdifferentmineralsactedasthepositiveendandthenegativeend.Analysisoftheperformanceof

aone-cellpaperbatteryshowedthataftertwodropsofwaterwereadded,thebatterystartedworkingwithin20secondsandreachedastablevoltage(电压)of1.2V.After

onehour,theone-cellbattery’sperformancedroppedsignificantlyasthepaperdriedout.Butaftertheresearchersaddedtwoextradropsofwater,i

tsperformanceincreasedwithastablevoltageof0.5Vforanotherhour.Withintwotofiveyears,thetechnologycouldbeusedinlow-powerelectronicssuchasmedicaldevices

andsmartpackaging.“Iseeanewroleforpaper...thatcouldalsobeananswertothegrowingconcernovere-waste,”saidEMPA’sGustavNyström,theinven

tor.HetoldTIMEMagazinetheywantedtoimprovetheefficiencyofthebatteryinthefutureandgetitworkingforlonger.EachyearTIMEMagazinelistsaselecti

onofbestinventionsthat“changehowwelive”,basedontheiroriginality,creativity,efficiency,impactandothercriteria.8.Whatdidtheresear

chersaimtodobydevelopingapaperbattery?A.Createmoreenvironmentallyfriendlymaterials.B.Winthebestexperimentalinventionofthisyear.C.Reducetheim

pactofelectronicsontheenvironment.D.Makethedevelopmentofelectronicdevicesgrowfaster.9.Howdidtheresearchers

increasetheperformanceofthebattery?A.Byrewettingthepaper.B.Bydroppingmoreink.C.Byshorteningitsworkinghours.D.Bya

ddinganotherpaperbattery.10.WhataspectofthebatterydotheresearchersplantopromoteaccordingtoGustavNyström?A.Itscreativity.B.Itspackaging.C.Itstechn

ology.D.Itsefficiency.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Scientistsinventapaperbattery-justaddwater.B.Paperbatteryisnamedamongworld’s

bestinventions.C.TIMEMagazinelistsaselectionofinventionseachyear.D.Anewroleforpapermayhelpreducetheelectronicwas

te.【2023安徽淮北一模】Acollegeprofessoratmyuniversityyearsagoshockedhisclasswithafrog.Heshowedoffawoodfrogthatwasstillalivebutfrozensolid.The

nsuddenly,hethrewitagainstawallanditbrokeintopieces.Everyonetookaquickdeepbreath.Momentslater,heexplainedth

athehadn’tactuallythrownthefrog.Fordramaticeffecthehadswitchedthefrogforalargepieceofice.Butthegoalwastoillustrateapoint:Tha

tawoodfrogdoesinfactfreezeassolidasicetosurvivethewinter.Thenitthawsagaininthespring.Thewoodfrogisoneofthemostfr

equentlystudiedanimalsonEarththatfreezes.First,it’sliquid,it’shoppingaround,thenicecomesonitfromtheoutside.Itsskingetsfrozenalittl

ebit,itseyesglazeover,itsbrainfreezes,andicepushesbloodtothefrog’sheartbeforeeventuallythat,too,isrocksolid.T

histransitionrequiresmajorchangesinbiochemistry.Iceslowlyformsaroundtheoutsideoforgansandcells.Atthesametime,th

efrog’sliverpumpsoutincredibleamountsofglucose—asugaryliquidthatactslikeantifreezeforvitalorgans—thatflowseverywhereincludingthein

sidesofcellstokeepthemfromdying.Buttruesupercoolinginnature—andespeciallywithhumanorgans—comeswithrisks,saysShannonTessier,anassistantpro

fessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolwhostudieshowsuspendedanimationinnaturecantranslatetohumanorgantransplants.Woodfrogsandotheranimalsthatsurviveextremecon

ditionsinnaturehavemanyapplicationsinmedicine,especiallyintheworldoforgantransplants,Tessiersays.Ahumanheart,forexample,canonlyexistout

sidethebodyforaboutfourhours.“Sowe’retryingtousetheprinciplesfromwoodfrogswithhighamountsofglucoseandfreezeawholeheartorotherorgan,keepitinsu

spendedanimation,safelyawakeit,andtransplantit.”12.Whydidthecollegeprofessortakeafrogtotheclass?A.Toshowoffhisamazingpet.B.To

switchapieceoficewithit.C.Totellstudentssomefrogfacts.D.Toconductaspecialexperiment.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thaws”meaninparagraph

1?A.Freezesitself.B.Comestolife.C.Becomeswarm.D.Turnsbackintowater.14.Whatprotectsthefrozenfrogfromdying?A.Itsicycell.B.Itsvitalorgan.C.

Itswarmblood.D.Itssugaryliquid.15.Whowillprobablybenefitfromthefrog’sprinciplesaccordingtoShannonTessier?A.Theonewhohastotakeahearttransplantope

ration.B.TheonewhoisapplyingfortheHarvardMedicalSchool.C.Theonewhoworksonthedevelopmentofanewmedicine.D.Theonewhoplanstoexperienceextremecondit

ionsinnature.【2023广东佛山一模】It’snosecretnowthatthemoretimewespendonsocialmedia,themorewefeeldissatisfiedwithourselves.Weten

dtocompareourselvestoinfluencesandcelebrities-soit’seasytounderstandhowthatcanaffectourconfidence.Bu

t,howoftenhaveyoufoundyourselfcomparingyourlifetoyourfriends?Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanb

emoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.Thestudylookingathowsocialmediaaffect

sbodyimagefoundthatanysocialmediaengagementwassignificantlyassociatedwithlower“appearancesatisfaction”.Additionally,itfoundthaten

gagingwithcontentpostedbypeopletheparticipantsknewwasmorethantwiceasdamagingaslookingatcontentpostedbystrangers,includingcelebrit

ies.VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorin

fluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.“Onepossibleexplanationisthatpeoplemayperceiveapo

stshowingappearanceasbeingmuchmoreattainableifitcomesfromsomeonetheyknow,addingexpectationorpressureonthep

ersonengaginginthepost,”hesaid.“Atthesametime,peoplemaybemorecriticallyengagedwithpostsbythelikesofmodelsandcelebr

ities,andthereforeperceivetheimagestheysharetobemoreunrealistic."Thisisnotjustconfinedtobodyimagethough.Weallhaveoneareainourli

vesthattriggers(触发)us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamro

le.Maybe...Allthisistosaytheobvious:weonlyseepartofpeople’slives-andifit’sgettingyoudown,you’reprobablycompa

ringyourinsidestootherpeople’soutsides.Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffl

ine,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.8.Whatdidthenewstudyfind?A.Socialmediainvitesunfavorablecomments.B.Friends’postsaffectusmorethancele

brities’.C.Celebritieshaveanegativeinfluenceonourlife.D.Bodyimagecausesmoreconcernthansociallife.9.Whyarewemorelikelytocomparewithourfriendsaccord

ingtoSwami?A.Theyserveasrolemodels.B.Weknowthewaytheylive.,C.Theirlifestylesareaccessible.D.Wearecuriousabouttheirlife.10

.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6probablymean?A.Restricted.B.Related.C.Devoted.D.Exposed.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopled

o?A.Findyourdreamandfightforit.B.Stopcomparingandbeyourself.C.Begratefulandleadaperfectlife.D.Stopcomplainingandgetdowntowork.【

2023广东佛山一模】Giventhatthedictionarydefinitionofcuriosityis“thedesiretoknowsomething”,itmaybeoflittlesurprisethatmuchresearchhasconcerneditsbenefitsfore

ducation.ConsiderastudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisin2014.Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityabout

learningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions,suchas“Whatdoestheterm‘dinosaur’actuallymean?”Theparticipantsth

enlayinanfMRIbrainscanner(扫描仪)whilethesamequestionswerepresented,followedshortlyafterbytheanswers.Theparticipantswerethentestedonth

eirrecollectionofthefactsanhourlater.Theeffectsofcuriosityonlaterrecallwerestriking.Whentheparticipantswere

highlycuriousaboutafact,theywere30%morelikelytorecallit.Andthisseemedtocorrespondtoheightenedactivityinareasofthemidbrainthatreleased

opamine(多巴胺).Dopamineisnormallyassociatedwithreward,butanimalstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhancetheformationofnewneur

al(神经的)connections.Itlookedasifthefeelingofcuriositywashelpingpreparethebraintoabsorbthenewandimportanti

nformation,andthisthenresultedinamorestablememory.Interestingly,theresearchersfoundthatthedopaminehit,arisingfrom

initialcuriosity,couldevenenhancethememoryofincidentalinformationthathadnodirectrelevancetotheprimaryquestion.Todemonstratethis,theyhadpresentedr

andomfacesalongsidetheanswerstothequestionsand,anhourlater,checkedwhethertheparticipantsstillrecogniz

edthefaces.Theanalysesshowedthattheparticipantswerefarmorelikelytorememberthefaceifithadaccompaniedaquestionthathadawakenedtheircuriosity

.Thisadditional,andunexpected,memoryboostcouldbeextremelyusefulwheneverwe’retryingtolearnsomethingnewandcomplicated.We’reunlikely,afterall,tofindev

erysingleelementofourstudiesinteresting.Butifwecandevelopsomecuriosityaboutatleastsomeofthefacts,wemayfind

thattherestofthematerialalsosticksfarmoreeasily.12.Whichaspectofcuriositydidthestudyfocuson?A.Itsscientificdefinition.B.Itsuniquecharact

eristics.C.Itsinfluencesonmemory.D.Itsbenefitsforbrainhealth.13.Whatwasthepurposeofpresentingquestionstotheparticipa

ntsfirst?A.Toassesstheirlearningability.B.Toawakentheirpassionforlearning.C.Tomeasuretheircuriosityaboutthequestions.D.Torefreshtheir

memoryofextinctwildanimals.14.WhatcanbelearnedaboutdopamineaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Itblocksmemory.B.Itfacilitateslearning.C.Itpromotesfr

iendship.D.Itcuresneuraldisorder.15.Whichmessageaboutlearningdoestheunexpectedfindingdeliver?A.Generateinterestinstudy.B.Locusonessent

ialinformation.C.Makelearningmaterialsrelated.D.Attachimportancetomemorization.【2023山西临汾一模】Peoplearelookingtomakemeaningaftertheg

lobalpandemic.Andonewaythatsomeofusdothisistocreditcoincidences—theunexpectedconcurrence(同时发生)ofevents—withhelpingtofindjobs,frie

ndsandspouses,makesignificantcareerdecisionsandrelievepains.Scholarsdisagreeonthecauseofcoincidences.Somesaytheyare

randomandduetoprobability.OthersseeGodorspiritualforcesatwork.Stillotherssayit’soursubconsciousmakingconnections.

Nomatterthecause,peoplewhostudycoincidencessaythatpayingattentiontothesemomentsmayhelpus,especiallyintimesofstress.Studiessho

wthatnoticingcoincidencesmayhelpboostboththeeffectivenessofpsychotherapyandmentalwell-being.MichaelSchauch,42,aninvestment-portfoliomanagerinSquamis

h,BritishColumbia,whoisanavidmountaineer,losthisbestfriendBrentlastyear.Afewmonthslater,Mr.Schauchcli

mbedamountainheandBrentoftenscaledtogether.Atthesummit,Mr.Schauchfoundhundredsofladybugs.Whenheclimbedadifferentmountainonthea

nniversaryofBrent’sdeath,hesawaladybugashestartedupeachnewsectionoftherockface.“IknewatoncethatitwasBrent,andthathe

wasstilltherewithme,asiftosay:‘You’vegotthis,Mike.Keepgoing!’”hesays.Coincidencescanmaketheworldfeellikeitmakesgoodsense,say

sDavidB.Yaden,anassistantprofessorattheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchool.Varietiesofspiritualexperiencesshowacorrelation(关联)betweencoincidencesandaninc

reaseinpositiveemotions，betterpersonalrelationshipsandagreatersenseofmeaninginlife.Coincidencesaremor

elikelytohappentocertainpeople.“Peoplewhoaretroubledbydistressandsearchingforsignsaremorelikelytoexperiencecoincid

ences,”saysBemardBeitman,apsychiatristandacoincidenceresearcher.Ifyou’dliketoenhanceyourabilitytonoticecoincidences,thereareseveralstrategie

s,saysLisaMiller,aclinicalpsychologist:Beopentothem.Writethemdown.Talkaboutthemwithothers.“Wereallyneedthisdeep

innerwisdom.”shesays.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutcoincidencesfromparagraph1?A.Theyhappenasexpected.B.Theyprovideg

uidanceorrelief.C.Theyactivatesubconsciousmind.D.Theycontributetoinvisibleforces.9.WhydoestheauthormentionMicha

elSchalch’sstory?A.Toclarifythecauseofcoincidences.B.Toofferamethodofcopingwithgrief.C.Toshowthecomfortingeffectofcoincidences.D.Top

resentasolidfriendshipbetweentwoclimbers.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Luckypeopletendtobesurprisedbycoinci

dences.B.Wisdomistothesoulwhatmentalhealthistothebody.C.Coincidencesmeanmoretoourdailylivesthanthesu

rface.D.Themorewecultivatecoincidences,themorelikelytheyhappen.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Themeaningfulmomentsinlife.

B.Thehiddenpowerofcoincidences.C.Thevariousopinionsoncoincidences.D.Thestrategiesfornoticingcoincidences.D【2023山西临汾一模】Afteraday’slab

or,AndreasFichtnerandhiscolleagueshavespliced(绞接)togetherthreesegmentsoffibers,creatinga12.5-kilometer-longfiber-optic(光学的)c

able.ItwillstayburiedinthesnowtospyontheactivityofGrfmsvotn,adangerous,glacier-coveredvolcano.Fichtn

er,ageophysicistattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,inZurich,isoneoftheresearchersusingfiberopticstotakethepulseofourplanet.Muchof

theirworkisdoneinremoteplaces,fromthetopsofvolcanoestothebottomsofseas,wheretraditionalmonitoringistoocostlyordifficult.Thetechniqueus

edbyFichtner’steamiscalleddistributedacousticsensing,orDAS.“It’salmostlikeradarinthefiber,”saysthephysic

istGiuseppeMarraoftheUnitedKingdom’sNationalPhysicalLaboratory,inTeddington.Whileradarusesreflectedradiowavestolocateobjects,DASusesr

eflectedlighttodetecteventsasvariedasearthquakeactivityandmovingtraffic,andtodeterminewheretheyoccurred.Insid

ethecablesareopticalfibers.DASinvolvesshootingquickpulsesoflaserlightdownthefiberanddetectingbitsoflighttha

tscatterbacktothelasersourceduetodisturbancesintheenvironment.Whentheearth’ssurfacevibratesandshifts,itpullsthecables,soadetectorcanidentifythesesma

llchanges.TheNewYorkTimespointsoutthatalthoughwirelessandsatellitetechnologyarebooming,goodold-fashionedcablesarestillthemostefficientwaytosendinf

ormationacrossoceans.Repurposingcablescouldgivescientiststheabilitytomonitorhigh-riskzonesthatwerepreviouslyhardtoreach.Theycouldhelpdetectear

thquakesandtsunamisafewsecondsearlierthantraditionalwarningsystems.Inaddition,fiber-opticcablescouldalsohelpsolvesomeofthebiggestch

allengesforhumans.Intherecentyears,scientistshavestartedtousethemtomeasureoceanwavesandaccessfault(断层)information.Itisbelievedthatfiber-opticc

ableswillservetobenefitusgreatlyinthefuture.12.WhatisthepurposeoftheworkofFichtner’steam?A.Totrackvolcanicactivities.B.Tostrikeoilundert

hesea.C.Tolengthenfiber-opticcables.D.Tokeepfiberscoveredinthesnow.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutthetechniqueofDAS?A.Itdeterm

ineswhenandwheredisastersoccurs.B.Itusesradiowavestolocatemovingobjects.C.Itimprovestheefficiencyoftransmittinglight.D.Itdetectstinyvariationofthe

earth’ssurface.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“Repurposingcables”probablymean?A.Recyclingcablesinnewfields.B.Adaptingc

ablesforanewfunction.C.Installingcablesbeneathvolcanoes.D.Promotingcablesintomassiveproduction.15.Whatistheb

esttitleforthetext?A.DASIsFeelingtheHeartbeatofVolcanoesB.SatelliteTechnologyIsBoominginOurTimesC.UndergroundCablesAreTakingthePlanet’sPulseD.Fi

ber-opticCablesAreGivingUsInsightsintoEarthquakes【2023安徽合肥一模】Honeybeesunderstandthat“nothing”canbe“something”thathasnumericalmeaning,showi

ngthattheyhaveaprimitivegraspoftheconceptofzero,accordingtoanewly-publishedstudyinScience.Previousexperim

entshaveshownthathoneybeeshavesomefacilityfornumbers,becausetheywereabletocountlandmarks(地标)astheysearchedaroundforasweetreward.Butinthe

setests,theinsectscouldn’tcountveryhigh-onlytoaboutfour.Still,thatmaderesearchersinAustraliaandFrancewanttoexplorewhatelseth

ebeescoulddowithnumbers.ScarlettHowardatRMITUniversityinMelbourneattractedbeestoawallwheretheywerepresentedwithtwosquarecards.Eachcardhadadifferentn

umberofblacksymbols,suchasdotsortriangles.Howardtrainedonegroupofbeestounderstandthatsugarwaterwouldalwaysbelocatedun

derthecardwiththeleastnumberofsymbols.“Theycouldcomeandseetwocirclesversus(与...相对)threecircles,orfourtrianglesversus

onetriangle,”sheexplains.Thebeesquicklylearnedtoflytothecardwiththefewestsymbols,Butthentheygotanothertest,Theresearche

rspresentedthebeeswithacardthathadasinglesymbolandablankcardthathadnothingonit.Thebeesseemedtounderstandthat“zero”waslessthanone,becausetheyfle

wtowardtheblankcardmoreoftenthanyou’dexpectiftheywerechoosingatrandom.“Whenweshowedthemzero-versussix,theydidthatatamuchhigherlevelthanzero

versusone,”Howardsays.“Sowhattellsusisthattheyconsiderzeroasanactualquantityalongthenumberline.”AuroreAvarg

ues-Weber,aresearcherwiththeUniversityofToulouse,pointsoutevenveryyoungchildrenhavetroubleunderstandingthatzeroisanumber.“I

t’seasyforthemtocount‘one,two,three,four,’butzero,it’snotsomethingtocount,”sheexplains.What’smore,thebrainsofbeesareincrediblytiny

brainscomparedwiththebrainsofhumans.Evenso,thebeescanunderstandtheabstractconceptofanemptysetandshesaysshefoundthatverysurprising.8.W

hatdidtheearlierstudiesfindaboutbees?A.Theycouldflyhigherthanexpected.B.Theycouldunderstandsomenumbers.C.Theycouldrememberarewardwell.

D.Theycouldexplorelocallandmarks.9.WhatdidbeeslearntodoinHoward’sfirsttest?A.Distinguishcirclesfromtriangles.B.Drawvar

ioussymbolsonthecards.C.Identifythesmallerofthetwonumbers.D.Locatesugarwaterwithsymbolshapes.10.Whydidbeesflytotheblankcardmorefrequ

ently?A.Theyweretoldthelocationofthereward.B.Theychosetodoitthoroughlybychance.C.Theypreferredthecardwithnothingonit.D.Theythough

tofzeroasanactualnumber.11.Whyareyoungchildrenmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toarguethatbeeshaveasurprisingmemor

y.B.Toshowthatbees’giftfornumbersisamazing.C.Toexplainthatbeeslearnaswellasyoungchildren.D.Toconfirmthatbeesaresmarterthanyoungchildren.【2023安徽合

肥一模】Transportisundergoingamassivetransformationsoitcanmeetsociety’sdemandsforalow-carboneconomy.Introducingelectricvehicles(EV

)anddeclininggasolineusearehelping,butzero-carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(转变)andlong-termdecarbonizationoftran

sport.IntheUS,transportationproducesthelargestshareofallgreenhousegasemissions(排放)intheeconomyat29%,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency

.Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrolbased,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen,emissionsofthiskindwouldplummet.However,hydrogenisnotconsidereda

nidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely.Andwhilefuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)thatturnhydroge

nintoelectricitycancompetewithEVperformance-andevenout-competethemonrangeandrefilltime,extraenergyisneededtoproducethehydr

ogenneededforfuel.Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations.Cur

rently,governmentsworldwidearebackinggreenhydrogenprojectstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsinheavyindustrieslikefreight(货运),steel,andenergystorag

e.Buthydrogentransportwillneedrapidproductionmethodstocreatethefuelneededfortheworld’sroadfleet.Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime.Nanoscale(

纳米级的)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater.Thesametechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyusedinsola

rpowerdeviceswithhigherefficiency-to-costrates.Sincehydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverseandas

seawatermakesupabout96%ofallwateronEarth,thereisavirtuallylimitlesssupply.Evenwastewaterandsolidwastecancreategreenhydrogen.ResearchersatPrince

tonUniversityareusingsunlighttoseparatehydrogenfromindustrialwastewater.Chemicalplantsthatcurrentlyfacehighcostsforclean

ingwastewatercouldtransformitintocleanhydrogensupplies.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”meaninPar

agraph2?A.Stop.B.Decrease.C.Continue.D.Disappear.13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waysofstoringhydrogensafely.B.Benefitsoffuelcellelectricvehic

les.C.Challengesofusinghydrogenascarfuel.D.Differencesbetweengasolineandhydrogen.14.Whatmakesitmoreefficient

togethydrogenfromtheocean?A.Theapplicationofsolarpowerdevices.B.Themethodofidentifyingwaterelements.C.Theinvention.ofthewatertransportsys

tem.D.Theuseofthenanoscalethin-filmtechnology.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CleanEnergyHydrogen

ReadytoTakeOffB.TraditionalFuelsBoundtoReachaDeadEndC.HowWeCanGenerateEnergyfromHydrogenD.WhattheFutureofTrans

portationMayBeLike【2023河南郑州一模】Youdon’tneedtobeawhaleexperttoknowthattheselargeanimalsaremostathomeinthedepthsoftheworld’smanyoceans

.Youmaynotbesurprisedthen,thattherewerenosurvivorswhen477pilotwhaleswerestuckonNewZealand’sremoteChathamIslandsinOctoberin2022.Itwasone

ofthecountry’slargestmassstranding(搁浅)incidents.Althoughinthepastlocalauthoritieswereabletoquicklysendteam

stotryandrescuethewhales,thatperfectresultwasimpossiblethistime.AccordingtotheNewZealandwhaleprotectionnon-profitorganization“Proje

ctJonah“,thereweremanydifficultiesconcerninganyattemptatsavingthewhales.TheremoteChathamIslandshaveasmallpopulation,meaningtrainedmedicalmedics(

医护人员)wouldbeunabletogettothesceneintime.Inaddition,therewasariskcausedbypredators(捕食者)attractedtothebeachwhichendangeredbothrescueteam

sandanyothersurvivingwhales.Asaresult,thewhalesthatmanagedtosurviveforawhileonshorehadtheirdreamsofreturningtotheoceancutshort.T

hedecisionwasfinallymadetoeuthanizealloftheremaininglivingwhalesonthebeach.Otherwise,itcouldhavetakenweeksforthemtodienatural

ly.Thoughthemedicalmedicsdidsotoputthemoutoftheirsuffering,DarenGrover,thegeneralmanagerof“ProjectJonah”,describedtheoutcomeas“heart

breaking”,accordingtotheNewYorkPost.Thisincidenttookplacelessthanamonthafter230whaleswerefoundstrandedo

ntheAustalianislandofTasmania.Fortunately,about30ofthoseanimalswerethenabletobesavedintimebylocalauthorities,accordingtoNPR.Thecauseofth

esemassstrandingincidentsisnotobviousatthemoment,althoughvarioustheorieshavebeenraised.DarenGroversaidthattheremaybean

issuewiththeanimals’echolocationability-thesensethatallowsthemtofindtheirwaythroughthewater.Ifwhalesarefoundinshallowwaters,rescuersoftenplayba

ckrecordingsoftheanimals’owncallstopilotthemtothesea.Asmallnumberofwhaleswillalsobemovedtolargefacilitiesforrecovery.12.Whycouldn’tthelocalauthorit

iesrescuethewhalesthistime?A.Theywereafraidofbeingattackedbywhales.B.Thenumberofthestrandedwhaleswastoolar

ge.C.Thelocalmedicalmedicslackedrescueexperience.D.Theislandwasremoteanddangerousforrescueteams.13.Whatdoestheunderline

dword“euthanize”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Refloat.B.Killwithoutpain.C.Redirect.D.Takegoodcareof.14.WhatdidDare

nGroverthinkoftheresultofthismasswhalestrandingincident?A.Sorrowful.B.Astonishing.C.Unbelievable.D.Worrying.15.Whatcanbeknownaboutthe

masswhalestrandingfromthepassage?A.About30whalesweresuccessfullyrescuedthistime.B.Masswhalestrandingincidentsareconsistentnowadays.C.Thereasonforth

iswhalestrandingincidentremainsunclear.D.Thismasswhalestrandingincidentcouldhavebeenavoided.【2023河南安阳一模】Gender(性别)equalityatworkbenefitseve

ryoneandthewaytogettherefasteristoempowermenasallies(同盟)inthefight.Thedifferencebetweenwomen’sandmen’searningsisonaverage18centsperdollarearne

d,andevenmorethanthatforwomenofcolor.Afteryearsinwhichwomenhaveformedabouthalfofthecollege-educatedworkforce,thissignificantunchanging

paygapandthelackofrepresentationofwomenintheupperranksofseniormanagementaretroubling.Infact,onlyasurprisinglytiny7.8percentofCEOs

atS&P500companieswerefemaleatthecloseof2020.Whyisittakingsolongtobreakthewell-knownglassceilingonceandfo

rall?Atanindividuallevel,menwhoareunwillingtoworkcloselywithwomencanofcoursehaveadamagingeffectonthecareersoftheirfemalecolleagu

es.Butmenwhoareindifferentaboutgenderequalityandalsowithoutnecessarilymeaningtopreventwomen’sadvancement.However,menhaveneverbe

enentirelyabsentfromthestruggletoexpandeconomicaccessandprofessionalopportunityforwomen.In1984theSpe

akeroftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesandanothertwoofficials-allmen-spokeoutinfavorofnamingawomantotheDemocraticParty’spresid

entialcandidate,andeventually,theymadeGeraldineFerrarothevicepresident,thefirstwomanevertorunonamajorpartyticket.Ferraro’sacc

esstoanimportantleadershiprolewastheproductnotonlyofdecadesofactivismandprotestbywomenbutalsoofpowerfulmen’sendo

rsementofthosedemands,apracticethatcontinuestobeimportanttoday.In2020,DemocraticpresidentialcandidateJosephBidenmadeapromiseto

selectawomanashisvice-presidentialnominee(候选人)andultimatelysharedelectoralvictorywithrunningmateKamalaHarris,thefirstwomanandfirstpersonofcolor

tobeelectedvicepresident.Men’svoicesareimportant.Whenmenspeakupagainstgenderdiscrimination,theynotonlybecomeobviousasall

ieswhocanbecountedontosupportindustryorcompanyrulestoadvanceequality,buttheyalsoimproveawarenessandacceptanceofgenderinequalityasasharedprob

lem,notaspecialinterest.8.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonwhygenderequalityishardtoachieve.B.Thereasonwhym

enarepowerfulatwork.C.Theresultthatgenderinequalitybringstomen.D.Theresultthatwomen’sadvancementcausestocom

panies.9.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“endorsement”underlinedinparagraph4?A.Responsibility.B.Support.C.Ignorance.D.Misunderstanding.10.W

hichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SupportofMenIsontheSidelines.B.GenderEqualityIsWomen’sBusiness..C.GenderInequalityIsaCommonProblem.D.TheSecrett

oAchievingGenderEqualityatWork:Men11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermayyoufindthistext?A.Education.B.Society.C.Health.D.Entertainment.【2023甘

肃张掖一模】Elephantsareoftenseencomfortingupsetindividualelephantswithagentletouchoftheirtrunksreportedly.It’sonethingtowi

tnesssomethingthatlookslikecomfortingbehavior,butanotherthingtoprovethatthisiswhatelephantsaredoing.Now,scientistshaveshownthatAsiane

lephantsdoindeedgetupsetwhentheyseeothersintrouble,andtheyreachouttocomfortthem.Elephants,thus,jointhelistofotheranimals,includingdogs

,wolvesandsomebirds,whichhavebeenshowntodoso.Elephants’responsestostressaredifficulttoexplorebecauseonehastowaitforopportunitiesforthesea

risingnaturallyinthewild.However,JoshuaPlotnik,ascientistatMahidolUniversityinThailandgotaroundthisproblem.HecomparedAsianelephan

ts’behaviorsduringtimesofstresstothoseduringperiodswhenlittleupsetsthem.For1to2weekseverymonthfornearlya

year,Plotnikspent30to180minutesdailywatchingandrecordingthebehaviorof26AsianelephantslivinginElephantNatu

ralParkinnorthernThailand.Otherresearchershavepreviouslyshownthatwhenupset,anelephantmovesitsearsandraisesitstail;itmayalsomakealowsoundtoshowitsstr

ess.“Whenelephantsintheparkseeanelephantbehavinginthismanner,theytypicallyrespondbyfeelingthesameemotion,”Plotniksaid,“justaswedowh

enwatchingascarymovietogether.Ifanactorisfrightened,ourheartsraceandwereachforeachother’shands—areactionknownas‘emotionalcontagion’.”“Butmorestudie

sareneeded,preferablyinwildpopulations,”Plotniksaid.“Whatisuncleariswhethertheseresponsesprimarilybenefittheupsetanimals,orther

es-ponders,”ShermindeSilva,abehavioralecologist,said.However,thestudy“providesaveryinterestingfirstexplorationintothebehaviorofelephantssufferingfro

mstress,”saidGraemeShannon,ascientistatColoradoStateUniversity.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gotaround”inparagrap

h2mean?A.Overcame.B.Faced.C.Found.D.Raised.9.WhydidPlotnikmentionthe“watchingascarymovie”situation?A.Toexp

lainarule.B.Topresentafact.C.Toclarifyaconcept.D.Tosupportaconclusion.10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.It

hassomelimitations.B.Itconfirmsaprediction.C.Itbenefitsfuturestudies.D.Itisthoughtworthless.11.Whichca

nbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ElephantscopycomfortingbehaviorB.ElephantsaskforcomfortwhenintroubleC.ElephantsareeasilyinlowspiritsD.

Elephantsunderstandtheircompanions’feelings